What time does the working day begin in Russia according to the labor code. What is the best age to start working?

Often people are interested in what time city transport starts in the morning. This question is asked by those who return from nightlife, arrive by train or walk around Moscow. This article will touch on many points: the start of the metro in Moscow, the intervals of rolling stock, when there is rush hour, and much more.

What time does the metro open?

The opening of the vestibules of metro stations is made at 5.30. But you can find signs where it says that at 5.35 or more late time. They will definitely not open earlier, even with a large passenger flow. It should be noted right away that for passengers, work begins in other cities in different ways. We figured out about. Working hours are fixed for all lines and stations. But in St. Petersburg, each line has its own schedule. You need to know in advance.

No matter how strange it may sound, but on the square of three Komsomolskaya metro stations) in the early morning, the largest passenger flow. Many people come by train to Moscow at night and wait for the metro to open. As a rule, everyone carries with them huge bags, suitcases, carts. This is how the Moscow Metro welcomes Muscovites and guests of the capital in the early morning. The photo below illustrates the life, atmosphere of the underground city.

Movement intervals at different times of the day

What is a range of motion anyway? This phrase means, roughly speaking, the waiting time for the next train after the previous one has left. For curious passengers we will open little secret: over the entrance to the tunnel hang large Digital Watch, and to the right of them are interval ones. They start counting when the first carriage of the rolling stock is already entering the tunnel. They are reset when the next train arrives at the same place. All this is done so that the drivers can find out what time the train that follows ahead of it left. For passengers, the interval clock can only tell you what time there is no train.

Each has its own train schedule, and hence the interval. But there is general rules. The longest intervals (up to 7 minutes) can be during the opening and closing hours of the metro, that is, from 5.35 to 6.30 and from 23.00 to 01.00.

The shortest intervals during rush hour (from 1 to 2 minutes): from 8.00 to 10.00 and from 16.00 to 19.00. Times are approximate. At lunchtime, the interval is approximately 3 minutes.

Rush hour

It is difficult for rural residents to imagine what happens in the subway during the so-called rush hour. For most working people, students, students of schools and colleges, activities begin at 9.00. There are businesses that start work at 10.00. People come from different parts of Moscow and even from the far suburbs. Everyone tries to arrive early. It turns out that the passengers who are now in the subway should be at their workplace in about half an hour or an hour.

The beginning of the work of the metro in Moscow among the workers of the metro on weekdays is associated with a huge waterfall. Although they get used to everything, but vigilance, security and control remain their main tasks.

If you do not need to move along the subway at the appointed time, then it is better to wait. After 11 p.m., the number of passengers decreases significantly. It is advisable not to delay trips until 16.30, when there are much more people.

When is the best time to take the subway?

Weekdays. Quiet time(not counting stations where there are stations) for a passenger of the metro (Moscow) - the start time. However, as in other cities. It is advisable to have time to reach your destination before 7 o'clock in the morning, if you do not want to find yourself in a crush. It is worth mentioning that at overloaded stations, even at 6 o'clock in the morning, you can only get on the train on the fifth or sixth attempt. For example, "Vykhino", "Tsaritsyno" and other stations located on the outskirts of the city or near suburban traffic. From 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., the subway becomes calmer, there are fewer people. It will be easier for the guest of the capital to navigate.

Weekends and holidays. During the day, the passenger traffic is moderate or minimal, especially in the summer, when most citizens leave the capital and go to the country, excursion, fishing. It is only possible to increase the number of passengers in the morning hours on Saturday (or the first holiday) and always on Sunday evening.

What time does the subway close

It does not matter which Moscow metro lines or stations are closed for passengers in the same way at 01.00. If you need to go, for example, from Mitino to Vykhino, then you need to go down to the subway no later than 23.30. It is worth recalling that the intervals after 23.00 are very long (about 8 minutes).

It is not recommended to delay at night with a trip to the subway. The movement of trains stops a little later than 01.00, but this is not a reason for moving, as the train may stop at night before reaching your station. Then you have to go to the surface and catch a car, call a taxi or walk.

A metro map (Moscow) will help you navigate. Times may not be listed between stations, but you can estimate approximately 4 minutes including transitions. For example, you need to get from Chertanovskaya station to Prazhskaya (Zamoskvoretskaya line). You have to go two passes. Let the driving time be not 8 minutes, but we take into account the time of the train, and possible stops in the tunnel, as well as the reserve.

Opening hours on holidays

We note the fact that the metro (Moscow), however, like ground transport, in holidays works an hour longer. If the metro usually closes at 01.00, then at New Year, Epiphany or Easter - at 02.00. Only the opening time on the same night remains unchanged.

Why doesn't the subway run around the clock on such days? Why does the metro in Moscow start working only from 5.30? Because it still has to be for urgent work. More on this below.

What happens on the subway after closing

When the last passengers leave the metro lobby, workers close the doors, turn off the escalators and leave the lights (somewhere full, but somewhere emergency). But so that it is not dark for those who work.

Why is the subway closed? Is there a need for this? Of course. Track fitters check the condition of rails, sleepers, switches, automation systems and much more. Imagine that trains roll around the clock through the tunnel, and some element of the track needs to be replaced soon. For such work, several hours are allotted for night employees. During the day, going down and walking through the tunnel is life-threatening. The beginning of the work of the metro in Moscow exists not only for passengers, but also for night workers. While Moscow is sleeping, the metropolitans are working.

Many passengers notice in the morning that advertising has been changed on the escalators, the ceilings in the passage have been whitewashed, or new benches have appeared. It was the night workers who handled this and other duties.

Rules and requests for passengers

The rules on the Moscow Metro can be heard on the escalator, seen next to the diagram in the cars. Unfortunately, not all passengers are ready to comply with the rules. But some of them need to be taken more than seriously. To what exactly?

You need to understand that the driver is not just a train driver, he is also a person, just like you. Photo and video filming is not prohibited, but it is strictly not recommended to photograph the head car with a flash. The driver's eyesight may be temporarily impaired. You are probably familiar with the circles before your eyes after a bright light. And the driver must clearly see everything, especially since he enters a dark tunnel. He has to take care of everything there. What if you blind him?

And the second point is important. Do you know why trains often stop in tunnels during rush hour? Because the passengers in front of the trains are delayed, trying to get into the already closed doors of the car. The driver asks passengers not to hold the doors and move away from the edge of the platform. Alas, his requests are ignored, hence the serious disruption of the train schedule. Then they will ask the driver. Be more tactful.

Very often we see advertisements where a funny baby advertises diapers. The kid, without knowing it, is already working and receives a fee for his activities. Do not forget about films with the participation of children, and other children's projects. Money for this activity is transferred to a special account, and the issue of work is decided by the parents. Over time, the child grows up, wants to feel independent from their parents, to receive their own income. But the question immediately arises - from how many years can one work according to labor law?

Work for a teenager

At the age of 12-14, a teenager consciously begins to look for paid activities during the summer or in the evening after school, but not every employer is willing to take responsibility for the child. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation clearly states how many years you can work and receive material remuneration for this. If you carefully study article 20 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, you can find out that teenagers who are already over 16 years old are being hired. It is not forbidden to work in more early age, but adjusted for a number of points prescribed in the law. At the age of 14, the law does not prohibit the conclusion of employment contracts, but several rules must be observed:

work should not harm the health of the child;
work should not interfere with the learning process and the study of the school curriculum;
one of the parents must give consent to work for a teenager, preferably in writing;
the employer must submit a document on the medical examination of the child.

How old can you be to work? Work for children under 14

The law does not prohibit children under the age of 14 from working, but work should not harm the physical and moral development child. It is assumed that cinematographic, concert and theater organizations will conclude an agreement with children of this age. A teenager under 14 years of age does not have the right to make a decision on his own and sign Required documents, therefore, official representatives, in other words, parents or guardians, will do this for him. Also, without parental consent, a minor does not have the right to independently sign a contract and, for example, act in a film or advertisement. It is one thing to know how old you can work, and quite another to get the consent of your parents for this work.

Earnings for a minor in ... "McDonald's"

Very often, teenagers complain: “Why does the law indicate at what age children can work, but in fact none of the employers wants to hire them?” Indeed, there are one-time offers, such as carrying water at a game, putting up advertisements, delivering newspapers, but they pay very little for this, and sometimes employers can offer this type of activity once in a whole summer.

The presence free places For schoolchildren, McDonald's has long been famous. There is an opinion that even teenagers at the age of 14 work there. However, this is possible only with the consent of the parents and if the work schedule does not interfere with schooling. Many people have a question - how old can you work at McDonald's without the permission of parents and guardians? From the age of 16, a teenager can already make a decision himself, sign labor contract and start earning pocket money, but the employer does not have the right to detain a minor at the workplace for more than 4 hours.

When a child begins to be a full citizen of society

In all civilized countries of the world it is considered illegal if a child is involved in regular work. There is nothing wrong with a teenager earning his pocket money through some one-time occupation or summer job. Permanent child labor can be in the case when the child is filmed in a movie or program. It is well known how old you can work under the Labor Code, and 99 percent of employers try to adhere to the established rules. Today, employers do not experience a shortage of those who want to earn extra money in their free time, and they do not really want to take children. Although there are a number of enterprises in which it is difficult to meet a person over 30 years of age. For example, the same McDonald's is intended for young people, and, according to the company's management, persons no older than 30 years old should be engaged in servicing. It is easy to guess how old you can work at McDonald's if all its visitors are children and teenagers. In our country, a child is a person under the age of 18. By law, infants, preschoolers, and schoolchildren are children for the state. Older children have the right to choose, but they master it after 16 years, therefore it is rational to get a job only after stepping over this date.

Schoolboy and work

A lot of students dream of working. This dream cannot be called transcendental or unnatural - it is quite feasible, and if a teenager manages to combine work with study and leave time for rest, then why not try. Not a single employer, if the student is officially registered, will force him to work more than 4 hours a day. The Labor Code answers the question of how much children can work with with specific figures, but most employers are not yet ready to assume the burden of responsibility for children. Even if the child in a couple of months will be 18 years old, and he will become a completely independent person, unfortunately, few will take the risk.

maxkatz There has been a discussion on twitter about this. Actually, Katz wrote: “Chat, if you are over 18 years old and you still don’t provide for yourself, but take money from your parents, then something is wrong with you and generally a disgrace” (you can see it) And then he noted in LiveJournal that doctors and scientists are not very concerned. As a physics student who intends to become a research assistant, I will comment on this.

As for me, studying in rather complex specialties (let's take physics as difficult), you need to start working from the third year. I mean, it turns out at the age of 19. The first two courses are really tough, it's better not to twitch too much. And then you get used to this asshole, and then it’s time to go to work.

Actually, it was in my third year that I started working. I didn’t specifically look for anything, I was simply offered to go train, and I agreed. It was quite convenient - you study during the day, you train in the evening. By the way, when I started working, I immediately learned to plan everything in advance, as a result of which my academic performance improved. So there were only pluses in everything.

Many guys from my stream, by the way, also did not sit idly by and settled somewhere. More precisely, not just anywhere, but almost without exception went into the IT-sphere and dispersed to different programming offices. My husband went the same way. After some time, we already rented an apartment and moved in together. True, he doesn’t really like the fact that he has to be torn between IT and science, but now you won’t last very long in one science - more precisely, if you stretch it, then only your hooves.

Is it normal to live like this? Very good, in my opinion. Now I am about to graduate from the university, so during the day I work as a laboratory assistant at the institute, and in the evening I still train. My husband is now in his first year of graduate school. I don’t know if the standard of living of our couple of one student and one graduate student can be considered good, but at least over the past two years we have been able to do it normally.

And yes, since we started working, neither my nor his parents sponsored us in any way. A couple of times they gave me money so that I could bring some nonsense from some Japan, but it all ended up spending money on gifts for my parents. more money than they gave me (Japan is a country where you want to bring a lot of nonsense). And this is absolutely good and right! The best thing a parent can do for his child is to put him out in the cold after the second year of university, kick him to work and oblige him to pay himself food and part of the rent.

And such a state of affairs, when you start working while still at the institute, is absolutely normal, this is exactly how it should be! There is nothing out of the ordinary in this - in fact, a rare person from our stream at the university sat idly by.

So, in summary, I will say: even if you want to become a physicist, if you are over 18 years old, if you have completed the second year, and you still do not provide for yourself, but take money from your parents, then something is wrong with you and in general disgrace.

What do you think? Should I start working at this age? When did you start?

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes to reduce the length of the working day (shift) by 1 hour. In those enterprises where this is not possible (for example, continuous production), instead of reducing working hours, the employee will be given additional time for rest or will be paid for processing as overtime (upon prior agreement with him). Working hours at night If duties require an employee to work in a biologically unintended period of time from 10 pm to 6 am, then his shift (it would no longer be entirely correct to say “working day”, since night is meant) should be shorter by 1 hour than the corresponding daytime. Payment for such shifts is also increased. REFERENCE! The night shift will be considered if at least half of its duration falls within the specified time period.

Features of working hours according to the shopping mall of the Russian Federation

N 90-FZ) For workers employed in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, where reduced working hours are established, the maximum allowable duration of daily work (shift) cannot exceed: with a 36-hour working week - 8 hours; with a 30-hour work week or less - 6 hours. The collective agreement may provide for an increase in the duration of daily work (shift) in comparison with the duration of daily work (shift) established by part two of this article for employees employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, subject to the maximum weekly duration of the worker. time (part one of Article 92 of this Code) and hygienic standards of working conditions established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts Russian Federation.

How long must a working day be?

Attention

federal law dated 22.07.2008 N 157-FZ) The employer is obliged to keep records of the time actually worked by each employee. Article 92. Reduced working hours Reduced working hours are established: for employees under the age of sixteen - no more than 24 hours a week; for employees aged sixteen to eighteen years - no more than 35 hours per week; for employees who are disabled people of group I or II - no more than 35 hours a week; for workers employed in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions - no more than 36 hours a week in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations.

(part one in ed.

What time should the working day start?

Info

And if the working day coincided with the holiday, then the payment for it goes at a double rate or an additional day off is provided.

The order of the days of rest. It is not necessary to make weekends equal, but it is imperative to fulfill the norm - continuous rest every week is 42 hours.

If one of the employees goes on sick leave, then the schedule is subject to change. There is no unified form, but you should definitely consider the following columns:
initials and surname, position of the employee;

start and end of the shift;

break time;

shift, their order;

how many employees per shift.

Do not forget to leave a place in the table where employees can sign after familiarization.

Chapter 15. Working hours. general provisions

The working day of minors depends on their age and on the fact of training. If the child does not study, then a day (up to 16 years old) he has the right to work for 5 hours, after the age of sixteen - 7 maximum.

But during training, you will have to work a maximum of 2.5 and 3.5 hours, respectively. And no more. On the eve of holidays and weekends Shift work (like any other) is usually reduced in anticipation of weekends or non-working days.

Important

Usually 60 minutes are taken from the established norm. This means that, on average, an adult citizen will fulfill his official duties not 8, but 7 hours. If a we are talking about 6 days of work per week, then you can work no more than 5 hours.

What about organizations that have to work constantly? In this case, work on holidays or official days off is either paid double, or the rest is transferred to any other day.

What is working time according to the labor code

TKRF cannot exceed 40 hours per week. The standard applies to all companies and does not take into account the form of ownership (state or private enterprise). But there are exceptions if the working conditions are hazardous to health.

Some sectors are regulated by internal administrative acts. The main goal is to optimize labor costs and the distribution of activities over time. Typically, load optimization is needed when an organization is operating more than expected. Content

How to make a schedule
Cases for the use of a shortened day
- Sample
Irregular working hours
Work at night
How to create a flexible work schedule
- Sample
Shift work

How the schedule is set up A standard schedule with 2 days off and 5 working days (from Monday to Friday) is usually used.

What is the duration of working hours according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation

The last thing you need to pay attention to is part-time work and overtime work. In the first case, the employee own initiative stays at work.

This option implies a maximum stay at work for 4 additional hours per shift, but no more than 16 hours per week. Payment is made without additional increase. In the second case, it increases, as a rule, by 2 times. And the employee remains in his place at the request of the employer. In this case, you can work no more than 4 hours of overtime in a row, and in a year the total processing should not exceed 120 hours.

Otherwise, such work is recognized as illegal. That's all. Now it is clear how long a working day lasts in Russia. As you can see, its average duration is about 8 hours.

But in practice, workers are constantly left for a variety of overtime work, and without additional pay.

The length of the working day according to the labor code of the Russian Federation in 2018

With a five-day work week, workers work 8 hours a day. Many personnel officers consider this mode of operation to be the most rational, since it has been proven that in this case maximum labor productivity is achieved.

In addition, employees working under this scheme always have 2 days off, which most often fall on Saturday and Sunday, which has a beneficial effect on the efficiency of the organization. A different distribution of working days in a week is also possible, for example, during shift work.

In this case, days off often do not fall on Saturday and Sunday, are not tied to these days. With a part-time work week, a worker can work even 1 day a week - it all depends on the number of his weekly working hours. For example, if there are only 5 of them per week, there is no point in stretching these hours for 5 working days, although this is not prohibited by law.

Working day. working hours in Russia

You need to work less in hazardous and hazardous production. Just 36 hours a week. All minors who have reached the age of 16 can work the same amount. Disabled people are also entitled to a reduced work week. They should produce only 35 hours. That's not all! Children under 16 may not work more than 24 hours per week.
It is also worth noting that in school time all schoolchildren cannot perform official duties for more than half of the previously established norms. That is, in the period of 16-18 years, while studying, you cannot work more than 18 hours, and up to sixteen years - more than 12. Per day (adults) How much should citizens work on average per day? It is worth paying attention first of all to adult employees. There are most of them in Russia. It has already been said that the most common scenario for the development of events is a shift work schedule. The duration of a shift cannot exceed 8 hours.

How to draw up a work schedule, taking into account the norms of the labor code

Today we will be interested in the working day: duration, its concept, possible forms found in Russia. Everything about this important factor in employment is presented to our attention.

After all, often not all employees know the rules that the employer must comply with. And regarding the working day, too, may not be clear.

As practice shows, it is this component that most often does not comply with existing standards to one degree or another. Moreover, the working day and its duration can push applicants away from vacancies. Or push already working citizens to dismiss. So take that into account. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation indicates all the nuances of this issue. It is this legislative document that will help to understand everything that may be required by employers, job seekers, and already employed citizens.