Russian verbs and their meanings. Little secrets of Russian verbs or three important times

VERB, -a, m. 1. In grammar: a part of speech denoting an action or state, expressing this meaning in the forms of time, person, number (in the present tense), gender (in the past tense) and forming participle forms and participles. Verbs perfect and not perfect look. 2. Speech, word (old). Prophetic City || adj. verbal, -th, -th (to 1 meaning).

Watch value VERB in other dictionaries

Verb- m. word, speech, expression; | human verbal speech, reasonable dialect, language. | Gram. part of speech, category of words expressing action, state, suffering. Live by the verb (t.........
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Verb- verb, m. 1. Part of speech denoting the action or state of an object and changing in tenses, persons and numbers (gram.). 2. Speech, word (church-bookish, obsolete poet). But only........
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Verb M.- 1. Part of speech denoting an action or state of an object and changing according to
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova

Verb- -a; m.
1. High. Word, speech. * Verb burn people's hearts (Pushkin).
2. Gram. Part of speech denoting the action or state of an object and changing in times, numbers, ........
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov

Verb- This noun in the meaning of "part of speech" is a semantic tracing paper from Greek, where the word geta, the primary meaning, has undergone the same semantic changes ........
Etymological Dictionary of Krylov

Verb- a part of speech denoting an action or state as a process. AT different languages has various grammatical categories, of which the most typical are tense, face, inclination, ........
Big encyclopedic dictionary

Verb(it)- (Job 23.12; Ezek 2.1; Mt 17.5; Lk 3.2.22; Jn 6.68; Heb 6.5; 12.25) - word, news; to speak a word, proclaim.
Historical dictionary

"Prague Verb"- (Hlahol prazеsky) - one of the oldest choirs. collectives of Czechoslovakia. Founded in Prague in 1861 as a male choir on the basis of a small singing circle on the initiative of the opera singer Ya.........
Music Encyclopedia

If you are asked: “What are the most important parts of speech in Russian?”, Your answer will definitely include a verb.

The Russian verb is one of the most important, but at the same time one of the most difficult parts speech. Remember all participles, participles, verbal adjectives, types, moods, verb conjugations, finally. Despite this, we cannot do without verbs - neither in language nor in life.

Verbs denote an action or a state - there is no secret in this. Man is programmed by nature for this very action - that's why there are so many verbs around us: remember how many actions you mentioned only in the morning!

It is no secret to anyone that, despite the richest dictionary, in the Russian language not all objects of reality have their own names, we note that such a phenomenon is quite rare among verbs - although actions, and even the words denoting them, are sometimes at least strange !

Note that the verbs of the Russian language are one of the most ancient categories of the language: the history of the Russian verb has been going on for several centuries.

The verb in Russian performs not only its direct functions - it also, in the words of Yu. Bondarev, means “the effectiveness of character”, i.e. makes any action emotionally charged. Perhaps that is why Russian prose is considered the most expressive prose in the world. A. Yugov, on the other hand, considered the verb to be “the most fiery, most lively part of speech”, in which “the scarlet, freshest, arterial blood of the tongue flows”. And it’s not for nothing that A. Pushkin called for “burning people’s hearts” with just a “verb”, although the word is used in a slightly different meaning.

Despite the simplicity of the signified, the verb is fraught with many pitfalls; and it is very important to be able to get around them, because, as a rule, ignorance of the little things in the verb can lead to serious mistakes.

First of all, this concerns the conjugation of the verb. The Russian verb has only 2 conjugations, but it can be difficult to determine which conjugation our verb belongs to. We must not forget about the few multi-conjugated verbs of the Russian language. However, you can fill in the content of the conjugations - with the help of a poem (I will give the most popular of them):

To the second harness
We'll take it without a doubt
All verbs that start with "-it",
Excluding "shave", "lay".
And also: "look", "offend",
"hear", "see", "hate",
"drive", "breathe", "keep", "endure",
And "depend" and "twirl"!

***
Drive, breathe, hold, depend,
See, hear and offend,
And also look, twirl,
Hate and endure.

***
Watch, endure, offend,
Depend, hate
See, hear, drive,
Spin, breathe, hold.

Why is it so important to know the conjugation of the Russian verb? It is the conjugation that determines the spelling of the endings of verbs in the present and future tenses. Yes, there is no doubt that words like read do not leave us in doubt. But what about the words la…t, wrestle ... sway, sway ... sya and spatter…t, where is the spelling not so obvious?

This is where conjugation comes to our aid: we remember that in the singular we write -e- (I question) and -and- (II ref.), and in the plural – -ut / -ut (I question) and -at/-yat (II question). I think now we will not have problems with "difficult" words, right?

So, the verb in Russian is important and the right part speech, which performs several functions in the language. And most importantly - you can not ignore the rules related to the verb, because. a lot depends on them.

We wish you success in learning the verb!

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The meaning of the word VERB in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

VERB

Part of speech denoting the action or state of an object and changing in time, as well as in numbers, persons and in the past tense - by gender (in linguistics).

Large modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. 2012

present tense

Present tense verbs in Russian mean a real action that takes place in this moment, now, moreover, they can conjugate, i.e. change its shape. Verbs in the present tense are one of the most inflected verbs, and in an imperfect form, it should be noted that perfective verbs do not have a present tense, because the action has already been completed!

Present tense verbs in Russian answer the question: what is he doing? For example,

Katia in a hurry Kate is in hurry on her way to work.

What is Katya doing? - in a hurry - she is now, at the moment in a hurry, which means that the present time.

Every week parents are going to the dacha Every week parents go to dacha.

What are the parents doing? - go, every week shows us that the action takes place regularly, that is, in the present tense. Please always pay attention to keywords , they can serve as a clue to you what time to use at one time or another.

In the present tense, the endings in the conjugation depend on their conjugation. If you have forgotten what conjugation is and whether it is worth learning, I recommend reading this topic. It will help you understand the difficulties in using present tense verbs.

Future tense

Very often my students get confused and do not understand why there are so many different verbs and how to remember it all. The fact is that the future tense in Russian shows us that the action has not taken place, we are planning to do something in the future, no matter if it is soon or far away. Future tense verbs answer questions:

What will you do? What do we do? What will we do? What will you do? For example:

When will holiday, I I will go to Moscow I will go to Moscow, when the holidays will come.

What will the holidays do? - they will begin, they have not yet begun, this time has not come, which means that we understand that the conversation is about the future tense.

What will I do? - I will go, the person is not going anywhere yet, but he is already planning his trip to Moscow, which means we are talking about the future tense.

In Russian, the future tense is of two types, you can find, for example, such a verb:

I draw this picture and I will give Mom I will draw this picture and will present it to my Mom. What will I do? - draw, give

But you can also see this phrase, and it will also be in the future tense:

I am going to draw this picture tomorrow and will present it to my Mom.

What will I do? - I will draw, the action did not happen, he plans to do it, therefore this is the future tense.

But how then to figure out which form should be used in a particular case? The fact is that the verbs of the future tense are simple and complex. Simple verbs in the future are formed from perfective verbs (which answer the questions what will I do? What will you do?)

I'll make up, I'll clean, I'll take it, I'll tell you, I'll sing- they all answer questions of the perfect kind. Where feature to help you remember this form is to add the letter -c at the beginning of the question:

What will I do? I will remove

Compound future tense verbs are formed from imperfective verbs with the help of the verb be+ infinitive or initial form verb - this is the form that is in the dictionary, open the Russian dictionary and you will see that the verb: I guessed it is in the form of an infinitive: guess.

Let's look at examples from compound verbs:

Ivan is going to watch a serial every day, as he is planning to pass the Russian language exam.

Verb " be", in turn, changes according to faces:

I will (paint)
You will (paint)
They will (paint)
He/She will (paint)
We will (paint)
You will (paint)

Verbs in the future tense change for person and number, but genus cannot be determined in the future!
There are a number of verbs that do not form the 1st person singular form. Here are some of them:

To win
To convince
To feel
To find oneself in

When they are used, the word completely changes in the future tense, for example:

I will find myself in..
I want to make sure I want to convince
I will be the winner [Ya stanu pabeditelem] I will be the winner

Past tense

In previous articles, I already wrote about verb tenses, here I want to note only the main features that we have not touched on initial stage. Let's remember that the past tense answers the questions: what did you do? What did you do? What did they do? What did you do?

Basically, past tense verbs are formed from the indefinite form of the verb (which is in the dictionary) and the addition of the suffix -l, for example:

clean - clean L(what did you do?) to clean - was cleaning

Watch - see L(what did you do?) to look - looked

Knowing this rule, you will already have a hint and you will be able to form the past tense verb without any problems. Depending on the gender, one or another ending may appear at the end:

He looked- she looked- they looked

But there are verbs that are formed in the past form not according to this rule, for example, without adding the suffix -l in the masculine gender:

Carry - carried ( masculine, past tense) to carry - was carrying, but in other forms of the genus: carried, carried they were carying, she was carrying.

When in the word goes alternation (when letters interchange each other), for example, in the formation past form letters h / / g, h / / k can alternate in those verbs that end in -ch:

stereo whose- guarded (masculine, past tense: what did you do?) to watch over - was watching over, but in the feminine and plural, an ending is added depending on the person: guarded, guarded she was watching over, they were watching over.

Remember, please, that with past tense verbs we cannot determine the person, only gender and number.