How is the indicative mood formed? Verb mood: imperative, indicative, conditional

In the Dictionary Kingdom, in the Verbal State lived the most different verbs. And this country was ruled by three sovereign-kings at once, three brothers under the surname Verb Inclinations. The older brother was called the Imperative Mood, the middle one was called the Indicative Mood, and the younger one was called the Conditional Mood of the Verb. All three mood kings were a grammatical category of verbs.

The elder brother, Glagola, was strict, he constantly ordered something to everyone, demanded something, forced someone. "Go there, do it, go to work, go to bed!" - just heard from him. And when he was angry, he would exclaim briefly: “Sleep! Be silent! Step march!

No, of course, he was an extremely just ruler. And with those who did not need orders, he treated quite nicely, expressing his request calmly and civilly. For example: “Please, plant more rose bushes in my garden!” or “Make fried chicken for lunch today, please!”

And it also happened when he was in the most excellent mood and affectionately suggested to someone: “Let's go to the cinema! Let's play! Long live fragrant and mint soap. Be healthy!”

The verbs used by the sovereign Imperative Inclination could change by gender and number, but did not have tenses. For example, "cook" - 2 person plural, and "prepare" - 2 person singular. "Let's cook" - 1st person plural.

Verbs in the imperative mood of the singular 2 persons have their own form, inherent only to this mood: to verb basis add the postfix “and” or use the method of education without a suffix: “speak - speak”, “laugh - laugh”.

The ending "te" is added to the plural: "speak", "laugh".

But, if the Imperative Mood did not address his interlocutor, but meant third parties who did not directly participate in the dialogue, the verbs in speech had the form of 3 persons either singular or plural in the indicative mood, but with the addition of the words “let”, "let" or "yes": "let them go", "let them come", "let there be light".

Of course, we have already noticed that in anger the older brother threw sharp short orders, expressing them: "sit!", "Be silent!"

When he was in a good mood and offered his subjects or friends, for example, to have a little fun, he used the indicative mood to invite the plural of 1 perfect look in combination with the words "let's or" let's ":" let's go "," let's have lunch ".

The middle brother, the Indicative Mood of the Verb, was also an honest, fair person, in general, a realist. He expressed himself in a common and understandable language, using in his speech the verbs of all known persons and numbers, as well as in all existing times. Verbs in the indicative mood denoted a real action taking place at the present time, in the past or planned in the future.

And even if the sovereign by the name of the Indicative Mood was joking or simply lying, fantasizing, then this was not reflected in his speech in any way. He used the same verbs with which he spoke about truthful things. Guess what in this moment the king tells a fairy tale, and does not tell his next fiction or just composed amazing, fantastic story, it was possible only by meaning.

When speaking, he used verbs in every possible person, number, gender, and tense. For example, in the present tense, this part of speech could be conjugated: “I think” - 1st person, “you think” - 2nd person, “he thinks” - 3rd person. And the numbers also changed. If in the proposed version the verbs were in singular, then "we think", "you think" and "they think" are already defined as plural verbs.

And the third brother was a very soft and indecisive ruler. Yes, he, in fact, did not give any orders, did not issue decrees. Most often, the Conditional Verb gave his brothers cautious advice: “It would be better, my dear brother, if you would order less, and be gentler with your subjects ...” or “I would walk more in your place on fresh air».

Sometimes the Subjunctive (and it had such a name) was attacked by daydreaming. He went into the field and imagined all sorts of amazing things.

“If I had wings, I would fly over the earth like a bird!” By the way, the verbs that he used in his speeches could change by gender and number. The time y is not determined, however, the verb in the subjunctive mood has the form with the particle "b" or "by".

The brothers were very friendly with each other. Therefore, sometimes they used in their speech those forms of verbs that were characteristic of a different mood. That is, for example, imperative mood often met in the meaning of the indicative mood: "Here she take it and turn your head in his direction." And sometimes the form of the imperative mood can even have the meaning of the subjunctive: “If you hadn’t come on time, you might not have caught me.”

And in some cases, the verb, standing in the form of the indicative mood, suddenly turned into an order, that is, it was used with the meaning of the imperative mood: “Well, why did you get up? Go, go!"

The form of the conditional mood also sometimes has the meaning of the imperative: “If you would talk with Natalya, she has accumulated so many passes!”

And so they ruled their wonderful kingdom happily ever after. Yes, they still do to this day.

Each part of speech has its own morphological features characterizing its grammatical properties. Knowledge of these distinctive features will allow not only to correctly use word forms, but also to write them correctly. Characteristics influence, for example, the choice of suffixes for participles and gerunds and personal endings for nouns. To describe the verb, the form (perfect and imperfect), reflexivity, transitivity, tense, number, person, gender and mood are used. The last characteristic helps to identify other non-persistent properties this part of speech and makes it possible to find out whether one or another form of the verb can be formed. What is the subjunctive, imperative and indicative mood? What is their role?

Definition

First, you need to understand what inclination is. According to dictionaries, this grammatical category denoting the relation of action to reality. In Russian, there are three, as mentioned above, moods. Complicated wording, right? Let's try it easier.

Each of the three moods is responsible for a particular situation. For example, to describe a possibility, an unrealistic, hypothetical action, the subjunctive mood is used ("I would go", "I would read", "I would draw"), which can be recognized by the particle "would". In order to order something, there is an imperative (“tell”, “go away”, “breathe”). The indicative mood of the verb allows you to report any action that occurred in the past, present and future - this is precisely the advantageous difference between this type of mood and others.

Some more theory

Let's move on to time. As mentioned above, the indicative mood can exist in any tense of the Russian language, only the form of the verb will change from this (“read - reads - will read”, “written down - will write down”). But there is one clarification here, which is already noticeable in the examples: for verbs of the imperfect form, both past, present and future tense are available, while the perfect form forms only past and future forms. Try to form the present tense for the verb "to speak". And make sure that you can do this only when its appearance changes. Thus, the form of the indicative mood allows you to understand what form a given verb has (easier to say, it answers the question “what to do?” Or “what to do?”).

Other moods

A useful clarification: not only the indicative mood allows you to talk about the tense of the verb. In the case of the subjunctive (it is also called conditional, by the way), everything is simple: exclusively the past, formed with the help of the suffix “l” (“I would read”, “I would go in”, “I would have a rest”, “I would knit”). Therefore, words have only number and gender, no person. The particle "would", which serves as a kind of beacon of this type of mood, can be both before and after the verb, and, in principle, can be in any part of the sentence.

The indicative and imperative moods have person and number, but in the case of the latter one cannot speak of gender: for “orders” only the second person (“you / you”) is available in the singular and plural (“refuse / refuse”, “pour / pour” , "leave/leave"). By the way, there is one caveat here: using the particle “let” or “yes”, you can translate any verb in the third person (“he, she, it, they”) into the imperative mood (“let him come back”, “long live”).

Nuances

Sometimes it happens that the indicative mood of a verb can be used in the sense of an imperative. Some researchers note that it is possible to talk about the transition of one mood to another in the case when an order is expressed that does not tolerate objections (“you go”, “say”), or to indicate an incentive to joint action("let's start", "let's go"). AT last case the particles "let's" / "let's" and the intonational emphasis of the verb are also used, explaining its meaning in the context. Compare: "Tomorrow we will go to the mountains" and "Let's go skiing!" It's the same word, but the shades of meaning are different.

Repetition

Now let's try to consolidate information about all types of inclination.

The subjunctive (it is also conditional) is a hypothetical action, possible situation. It is formed by adding the particle “by” (“b”) to the past tense verb, does not have a person, changes only in numbers and gender: “would say”, “would drink”, “would quit”.

Imperative - an order or instruction. Verbs of the second person singular and plural are used, but sometimes a third person with the particle “let” is also allowed: “speak”, “refuse”, “let him sing”, “long live”.

The indicative mood is a description of an event that happened at any moment. Exists in the past, present and future tenses, in all persons, numbers and genders (for verbs imperfect form, for the perfect - only in the past and future tenses). Under certain conditions, it can move into other types of inclination. To repeat, we will use a table that shows all forms of the verb "read".

	Past	The present	Future

As you can see, everything is very simple. In fact, the mood of verbs is one of the simplest topics in the Russian language, so remembering all its nuances will not be difficult at all.

In Russian, there are three types of mood of verbs: indicative, imperative and conditional. The latter is also called the subjunctive. This is a very important classification, because each listed form helps to determine how the sentence mentioned is related to reality. The chosen mood of the verb may imply a request or command that the action has happened, is happening or will happen in reality, and also that it is only desired or will take place if some conditions necessary for this are met.

The first type is indicative, which is also called "indicative". This form means that the action has happened, is happening or will actually happen. Verbs in the indicative mood change with tenses. Moreover, for imperfective verbs, all three tenses take place: past, present and complex future (for example: I thought - I think - I will think, I did - I do - I will do, I searched - I search - I will search), and for the perfect form - only two: the past and the simple future (for example: figured out - figured out I did - I will do, I found - I will find). In the future and present tenses, the vowel at the end of the stem of the infinitive disappears in some cases (for example: hear - hear, see - see).

The second type is conditional or subjunctive mood , which is also called the "subjunctive". This form means that the action did not actually happen, but only is desired, planned in the future, unrealizable, or will be carried out when performing some necessary conditions. (For example: I would fly into space to study distant stars. In a year I would like to go to the sea. I would read other people's minds. I would go for a walk if the rain stops.) Verbs in the present and future tense are not used to form the conditional mood. It is composed exclusively with the help of the past tense verb (that is, the basis of the infinitive, adding the suffix “-l-” to it), as well as the particle “by” or “b”. These particles can be both before the verb and after it, and also be separated from it by other words. (For example: I would go to the museum. I would love to go to the museum). Verbs in the conditional mood change by number, and in the singular also by gender, but never change by person and, as already mentioned, by tense. (For example: I would look, I would look, I would look).

The third type is imperative mood, which is also called "imperative". This form means a request, advice, order, or a call to action. Imperative verbs are most often used in the 2nd person. In this case they have null ending in the singular and the ending "-te" in the plural. They also don't change over time. The imperative mood is formed with the help of the stem of the verb in the present or simple future tense, to which the suffix "-and-" is added, or in some cases a zero suffix. (For example: Remember, you must do it! Stop doing nonsense! Watch this movie!)

The use of the 1st person plural forms is also possible. It is used to encourage joint action, in which the speaker will also participate. Then the imperative mood is formed using the infinitive of the imperfective verb or the perfective verb in the future tense, before which the following words are placed: come on, come on. (For example: Let's go to the cinema. Let's make breakfast. Let's try this dish.)

Forms of the 3rd person singular and plural are used to form the imperative mood when it is necessary to express the motivation for action of people who are not participating in the dialogue. In this case, it is formed using a verb in the form of the present or simple future tense and the following particles: yes, let, let. (For example: Let him buy bread. Let them come to me. Long live the king!)

From time to time, to soften the order, the particle "-ka" is added to the verbs of the imperative mood (for example: Go to the store. Show me the diary. Bring me a book.)

In some cases, there are exceptions when mood forms are used in figuratively, namely in the meaning that is usually characteristic of another mood.

So a verb in the form of the imperative mood can take on the meaning of the conditional mood (for example: Without his will, nothing would have happened. If he had not noticed the loss in time, trouble would have happened.) or the indicative mood (for example: And she suddenly once and say that she had already seen this man. And he take it and do it your way!)

A verb in the indicative mood can take on the meaning of an imperative. (For example: Get up quickly, you'll be late! Let's go dig potatoes.)

The verb in the conditional mood can also take on the meaning of the imperative. (For example: I'd say it like it is. Would you help your friend in need.)

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Mood forms

1) Verbs in the indicative mood denote an action that is happening, has happened and will happen. From the very name - "indicative" - ​​it follows that the action takes place in reality, in reality.

A verb in the indicative mood can change over tenses: for example, I play, I played, I will play.

2) Verbs in the conditional mood denote an action that could occur under certain conditions.

The conditional mood is formed using the particle "would", as well as the form of the past tense: learn, read.

3) Verbs in the imperative mood denote an action that someone asks or orders to perform.

Such verbs in most cases are used in the form of the second person (sit down, stand up), as well as with the particle "-ka" (read-ka, run-ka). Imperative verbs are often accompanied by an exclamation point.

Rules: indicative mood

To determine what mood the verb is, you need to look at the sentence in which it is used, pay attention to the presence of the particle "would" or the fact of a request, an order.

Most often there are verbs of the indicative mood - this is the form that we use in everyday life.

Indicative verbs can be seen in narrative, descriptive and reasoning texts, since this form is almost universal.

Verbs in the indicative mood can be in any tense - past, present or future. This is due to the fact that the indicative mood does not carry almost any emotional coloring(unlike, for example, imperative, which is possible only in the future tense).

Also, the verb in the indicative mood can change according to the category of the person, as well as the category of the aspect - to be perfect or imperfective.

It must be remembered that in individual cases verbs of the indicative mood can be used in the meaning of the imperative mood: "Go, go!", "And bring me kvass" - as a rule, such a choice is made so that the appeal sounds polite, and not like an order.

An indicative verb can contain an interrogative intonation. But it is also possible Feedback: the use of the imperative verb in the meaning of the indicative - "Someone and whisper in my ear ..." - to create the effect of description.

This choice, as a rule, is explained by the author's desire to give his text a brighter stylistic coloring. In neutral speech, such techniques are usually not used.

indicative mood

An inclination denoting that the action is conceived by the speaker as affirmed or denied, as quite real, really happening, happening or about to happen. The indicative mood differs from other moods in that it has the forms of time.

The indicative mood can be used in the meaning of the imperative:

a) to express an order that allows neither objections nor refusal. You go to the doctor, write out a prescription from him, and by three o'clock you will definitely return home with the medicine;

b) to encourage joint action (forms with the affix -te add a hint of a polite invitation). Come quickly with me(Krylov). Let's go, my friend!(Chekhov). The same meaning is expressed in combination with the incentive particles give (give) and let's (let's). Let's fly away(Pushkin). let's go(Chekhov).

Dictionary-reference linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what the "indicative mood" is in other dictionaries:

indicative mood- The inclination of the verb, denoting the actually performed action in the present, future or past tense. Verbs in the indicative mood represent an action that: 1) took place in the past; 2) takes place in the present; 3) will take place in ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

See indicative … Five-language dictionary of linguistic terms

- (lat. modus indicativus) expresses the presence or absence of an unconditioned (objective) action, within one time or another, as if in contemplation of the action; various relations of the subject to this action are not determined by him and ... ... Wikipedia

Mood- Mood is a grammatical category that expresses the relation of the action, called the verb, to reality from the point of view of the speaker. Mood grammatical way expressions of modality (V. V. Vinogradov). grammatical meaning forms ... ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

Morphological category of conjugated (personal) forms of the verb. Represents an event as real in one of the three tenses of the verb. The verb in the indicative mood changes by person and number, in the past tense by gender. It is expressed by a set of personal ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

See indicative mood (in the article mood) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

Indicative- INDICATIVE. Verb form or set verb forms, showing that the action or state denoted by the stem of the verb is thought by the speaker as actually happening, happening or about to happen. I. N ... Dictionary of literary terms

INCLINED, inclinations, cf. 1. Action according to Ch. tilt tilt and tilt tilt. 2. The form of the verb, expressing how the action is presented as real, desired, required, etc. (gram.). Indicative. Commanding... ... Dictionary Ushakov

LEANING, I, cf. In grammar: a system of forms (paradigm) of a verb expressing the relation of action to reality. Indicative, imperative, subjunctive n. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

MOOD, the grammatical category of the verb (see VERB), the forms of which express differences in relation to the content of the statement to reality or in relation to the speaker to the content of the statement (indicative, subjunctive, imperative, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Workshop on Spanish grammar. Indicative mood (+MP3), L.P. Kuznetsova. The present tutorial contains grammar exercises on the use of tenses of the indicative mood (modo indicativo). The book provides keys to exercises for translation from Russian ... electronic book
• Workshop on Spanish grammar. Indicative mood, Kuznetsova Larisa Petrovna. This study guide contains grammatical exercises on the use of the tenses of the indicative mood. The book provides keys to exercises for translating from Russian into Spanish.…