Orthographic basis of the sentence. Compound verb predicate

- This syntactic unit, containing a thought and consisting of one or more words. With the help of a sentence, you can express thoughts and feelings, an order, a request, etc. For example: Morning. The sun rises from the horizon. Open the window! What a wonderful morning!

The offer is minimum unit of utterance . Words are connected in sentences syntactic links. Therefore, sentences can be defined as chains syntactically related words . Due to this, even in the text without punctuation marks (for example, in monuments Old Russian writing You can guess where one sentence ends and another begins.

Features of the offer:

A sentence is a statement about something in the form of a message, question or motivation.
The sentence is the basic unit of communication.
The sentence has intonational and semantic completeness.
The proposal has a certain structure (structure). Its core is the grammatical basis.
The sentence has lexical and grammatical meaning.

Lexical meaning sentences are its specific content. Winter was snowy and frosty.

grammatical meaning suggestions are general meaning proposals the same structure, abstracted from them specific content. She went on a tour (person and action). Travelers are cold and tired (person and his condition).

Meaning and intonation offers are narrative (contain a message) interrogative(contain a question) exclamatory (pronounced with strong feeling, with an exclamation) incentive(induce to action), for example: Golden Moscow is the best. Are you funny? And what stars! Raise your sword higher! (According to I. Shmelev)

By the presence of secondary members both one-part and two-part sentences can be uncommon (no minor members) and widespread (there are secondary members), for example: I doze (simple two-part uncommon preposition). Ice has grown on the windows (a simple two-part common sentence).

By the presence or partial absence of members of the proposal proposals can be complete and incomplete , For example: In a cold room, a Christmas tree mysteriously slumbers a ( full offer).Glass - penny (incomplete sentence, predicate released costs ). (According to I. Shmelev)

Grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence

Offers have grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate or one of them. For example: Freezing. White beauty birch. I'm afraid. There is a rainbow over Moscow. (According to I. Shmelev)

The grammatical basis may include both both main members suggestions, and one of them- subject or predicate. Stars fade and fade. Night. Freezes. (I. Nikitin)

According to the structure of the grammatical basis simple sentences are divided into two-part (with two main members) and one-component (with one main member): Trumpets rumble in the passage. It smells of rubbed floors, mastic, Christmas tree. Here is frost! (According to I. Shmelev)

By the number of grammatical bases proposals are divided into simple(one grammatical basis) and complex(two or more bases, bound friend with a friend in meaning, intonation and with the help of lexical means). For example: Our Christmas is coming from afar (simple suggestion). The priests sing under the icon, and the huge deacon cries out so terribly that my chest shudders. (complex preposition). (According to I. Shmelev)

Subject and predicate

Subject - main member a sentence that is related to the predicate and answers the questions of the nominative case who? or what?

Ways of expressing the subject:

noun in nominative case or another part of speech used in the meaning of a noun. Meanwhile sky(n.) continued to clear. Our fallen(and) - like sentries.
Pronoun in the nominative case. You you bloom alone, and I can’t return these golden dreams, this deep faith (A. Blok).
Infinitive. Work it was not difficult, and most importantly - fun (P. Pavlenko).
Phraseologisms. Skillful fingers were with this master (P. Bazhov).
Indivisible phrase. We are with a friend we left before sunrise (M. Sholokhov).

Predicate- the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers questions what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? what is he? who is he?Dissuaded golden grove (S. Yesenin).

main members of the proposal. Subject and predicate

The main members constitute the grammatical basis of the sentence, without which the sentence cannot exist. However, the grammatical basis can also be one main member of the sentence. Such sentences are called one-part (that is, they have only one main member - the subject or the predicate).
In addition, sentences are divided into simple and complex. Simple ones have only one grammatical basis. Complex sentences consist of several simple ones, connected by conjunctions, allied words and (or) in meaning, and therefore have more than one grammatical basis.

Subject - the main member of the sentence, denoting the subject and answering the questions of WHO? WHAT ?, an action, the state or sign of which is usually revealed by the predicate.

The subject can be expressed by any part of speech.
1. Noun in the nominative case: Income from shares rose by five percent.
2. Pronoun in the nominative case: We came to the conference.
3. substantive adjective: Sick called the doctor.
4. Numerals: Seven one is not expected.
5. Infinitive of the verb: To study will always come in handy.

The subject can be expressed both as a phrase and phraseological turn: Pacific Ocean spread out before us; His long tongue always ruins things.
The phrase can have different meanings:

quantitative: thirty four workers wrote an application for leave; Both girlfriends laughed; Several people stopped; Crowd gathered in the square;

selective: None of us did not agree to go;

collective: director with secretary attended the meeting;

temporary: stood mid July.

Predicate - this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and grammatically depends on it, indicates the action, state, attribute inherent in the subject, answers the questions: WHAT IS IT DOING?, WHAT IS IT DOING?, WHAT? and etc.

The predicate is divided into simple and compound.
Simple predicate expressed as a verb in any form: There were folders on the table in the corner; Would you come to talk to me; I will address these issues tomorrow.

Compound predicate in turn, it is divided into two more subspecies: compound verbal and compound nominal.

composite verbal predicate consists of two parts: auxiliary verb in conjugated form, which expresses grammatical meaning predicate and connects it with the subject, and the indefinite form of the verb, which expresses the main lexical meaning predicate.
As an auxiliary are:

verbs denoting the beginning, end and continuation of an action: I'm already started doing new task; Our department stops striking;

modal verbs, which denote the desire, unwillingness, possibility or impossibility of action: I can do your order; I want to learn your insight; I refuse to be errand boy!

verbs that express emotional condition: All were afraid to object boss He likes to work;

phraseological combinations: our company is honored to cooperate with such a famous company.

composite nominal predicate from a linking verb that expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part that expresses the main lexical meaning of the predicate. Moreover, the link can be skipped.
The links are:

verbs BE, IS: I was very pleased;

verbs that do not express independent value: Alyosha seemed pale;

verbs expressing the meaning of movement, state, activity: We returned home tired.

The nominal part can be:

nouns in the nominative or instrumental case: industriousness there is the main thing condition success;

adjectives: clouds become more transparent;

numerals: Us there were four;

pronoun: Andrey Nikolaevich was here their;

participle: This meeting was unexpected ;

indecomposable phrase: Predicate is the main member of the proposal.

Secondary members of the sentence

Definition – minor member sentences that answers the questions: WHAT?, WHOSE?, WHICH?, denotes a sign of the subject.
The definition can be expressed:
1) an adjective, a participle, a pronoun and an ordinal numeral, a phrase with a leading adjective or participle, then it is called agreed, because in this case it agrees with the noun in gender number and case. Examples:

Silent voiced bird voices;

We noticed a broken headlight approaching cars;

Under fourth the number was our company;

Its the load does not carry.

2) a noun, comparative degree adjective, some possessive pronouns, infinitive, phrase, then it is called inconsistent definition, since it is associated with the word being defined only by meaning. Examples:

At the monument (what? to whom?) Pushkin lovers still meet; On his desk was a magazine (what?) with photos; Water (what kind?) from a spring was cold;

Children (what?) older sent to the river for water;

Eyes (whose?) his (her, them) were sad;

The leader gave a sign (what?) shut up.

Addition - this is a minor member of the sentence, which answers the questions of indirect cases of the noun, denotes the subject, object and instrument of action.
The complement can be expressed by any part of speech: Get (what?) book(n.) off the shelf; We were asked (about what?) keep quiet(inf. ch.); invited (who?) her(local) for dinner and etc.
Addition can be direct and indirect.
direct complement is always used without a preposition and is expressed in the forms of the accusative and genitive with the verb: The merchant accepted (what?) decision; Today you(who?) will not be?
Indirect is used in the form of any indirect case with or without preposition.

Circumstance - this is a secondary member of the sentence that answers the questions: HOW?, WHEN?, WHERE?, WHERE?, WHY? , in which the action is performed.
The circumstance can be expressed by a noun, adverb, gerund, infinitive, etc.: Read (when?) after lunch; The boss said (how?) very fast; hunched over, (how?) sat a tired clerk at the table.

In addition, there are parts of the sentence that are not members of the sentence. These are appeals introductory words and designs. They are separated by commas, but do not affect the relationship of sentences in the text.

REMEMBER!1)
proposal could be
one-part (usually predicate,
therefore, the subject will not be in it)
2) the main terms can be homogeneous,
that is, several subjects or
several predicates

When identifying the subject, look for the word that denotes the producer of the action. And this word is only in the nominative case.

I do not like it.
In this sentence, the subject
No!

Subject

Noun
or pronoun in
nominative case
adjective, participle,
infinitive acting as
noun.
Syntactically indivisible
phrase.

Young woman
I immediately realized that he
wants to eat all the time.
She keeps her eyes on the road that goes
through the grove.
Those present did not pay attention to him
no attention.
Solving this issue is our main
task.
One day ten of our
officers dined at Silvio's.

Predicate
Simple
composite
verbal
verb nominal

Simple verbal predicate (PGS)

ASG is a predicate, expressed
verb of any mood, tense and
faces
The village drowned in potholes (Ch. ex. incl.,
last time)
Give me a paw, Jim, for good luck... (Ch.
command. nakl)
But, doomed to persecution, I will still be
to sing

10.

But, doomed to persecution, for a long time I
I will sing
I will sing - complex shape future
time.

11.

I will, will be, will be, etc.
Infinitive
PGS

12. Compound verbal predicate (CGS)

Auxiliary part
Infinitive
GHS

13. a) phase verbs, i.e. denoting the beginning, continuation or end of an action (begin, begin, become, continue, end, stop, etc.).

a) phase verbs, i.e. denoting
start, continue or end of an action
(begin, begin, become, continue,
end, end, etc.).
For example: He started to cough. She is
keeps laughing. We're done
do the exercise.

14.

b) modal verbs denoting intention,
will, ability, desire (to want,
to be able, to be able, to intend, to be able, to prepare,
dream, hope, think, etc.)
For example: I want to travel a lot. You could
to speak not so loudly? We try
study well.

15.

c) verbs expressing emotional
state (fear, fear,
to be ashamed, to be ashamed, to be ashamed,
beware, dare, love,
hate, etc.)
For example: He was afraid to be late for the exam.
We don't like to travel a lot.

16.

Short name adjective + infinitive = cgs
For example: I am glad to attend the conference. We
ready to serve in the dining room. She is agree
marry him. You must immediately
leave.
NECESSARY, NECESSARY, NECESSARY + infinitive.
For example: You should wash your hands before eating. to me
need to leave immediately. You need to submit
work by the deadline.

17. Compound predicate (CIS)

Bundle
Nominal part
SIS
Her husband was young, handsome, kind, honest and
adored his wife.

18.

a) the verb to be various forms time and
inclinations
For example: A poet has a kunak for a poet. Name
a noun is a part of speech
which…
In the present tense, the linking verb is BE
appears in zero form.
For example: He is the director. He is a student.

19.

Verb
with weakened lexical
meaning - TO BE, TO APPEAR,
BECOME, STAY,
TO BE, TO BE CALLED, TO BE,
COUNT, BECOME, etc.
For example: Her sister's name was Tatyana.
Onegin lived as an anchorite. The plot of the novel
turned out to be original. She happens to be
owner of this car.

20.

linking verb
with the meaning of movement,
position in space - GO,
RUN, WALK, SIT,

The living unit of coherent speech is the sentence. It is in it that the main function of language is manifested, one of the main means of communication between people, helping them to exchange thoughts. Each sentence contains a statement about an object or phenomenon. In all these syntactic constructions the grammatical basis, that is, the predicative center, is distinguished. It includes the main members of the sentence, namely the subject and the predicate. For example: Yasha is completely bored(Yu. Kazakov). The grammatical basis of the sentence - Yashka got bored(subject + predicate). Or: Fog creeps over the river. Here the grammatical basis consists of a predicate spreads and subject fog. And now it's time to figure out how to determine the words that make up the predicative core.

Grammatical basis - subject and predicate

In order to be able to correctly determine the center of a sentence, it is necessary to find out, in fact, what is the subject and what is the predicate. So, both of them are the main members of the sentence. The subject names the subject of speech. It usually answers the questions: “who?” or "what?". The predicate names what happens in the sentence with the subject (that is, what action the subject of speech performs). The subject in most cases is represented by a noun or pronoun, and the predicate is represented by a verb. For example: The students are back(noun + verb). Or: They are back(pronoun + verb). But other parts of speech can also act as a grammatical basis. For example: The world is wonderful(noun + short adjective). Boletus is a mushroom(noun + noun).

One-part and two-part sentences

Not all of these syntactic constructions can distinguish both main members. It happens that the grammatical basis of a sentence consists only of the subject or, conversely, includes only the predicate. For example, as in the following cases: We had lunch. It began to get dark(I.A. Bunin). In both cases, grammatical centers are represented only by predicates. And here is another example: Silence all around(A.P. Chekhov). Here, on the contrary, of the main members of the sentence, only the subject. Sentences with a subject and a predicate are called two-part sentences. And those in which only one main member is represented are single-membered.

Sentences with one or more grammatical stems

Depending on the number of predicative centers, the following types of sentences can be distinguished: simple and complex. In complex structures there are several such centers (two or more). In simple ones, one grammatical basis stands out. Examples simple sentences: Lightning flashed. Thunder rumbled. We are going to the cinema. And here are complex sentences with several predicative centers: Lightning flashed and it began to rain. We go to the cinema, and the kids are taken to the circus. As you can see difficult sentence consists of several simple ones, which can be connected by intonation, conjunctions, and in writing are usually separated from each other using punctuation marks (most often commas). It is necessary to be able to distinguish the grammatical basis in a sentence in order to correctly determine its type, place punctuation marks and determine the topic of the statement.

And how to find it in a sentence? What questions does the predicate and the subject answer? It is these themes that have been school years learning little by little children learn. And this is not at all surprising, because the topic is deep and has many pitfalls.

Grammatical basis

So how do you recognize the basis of a sentence? First you need to understand the definition. In fact, this main part any sentence that defines an object, its action and what it is. Namely, this is the subject and the predicate. At school, it is permissible to consider them as a phrase, but if you dig deeper, then not quite so. The questions sound like this:

The subject is "who" or "what". It can be any object, person, animal, living and inanimate being and a pronoun that is used in the nominative case in the sentence.
The second part of the grammatical basis is the predicate. Answers the questions "what is he" or "who is he", "what does he do", "what is the object", "what happens to him".

Examples of the main part of the sentence

For example, we can take several

"The boy (who?) is going (what is he doing? - here the predicate is a verb) home."
"He's sad (what's going on with the item?)." In this example, the predicate is expressed by an adverb, namely the state of the main character.
"He is small (what is the subject?)". The predicate here is a short adjective.
"Oleg is a student (who is he?)." In this example, the predicate is expressed by an animate noun.
Baikal is a big lake. Used here inanimate noun, and the predicate answers the questions "what is" or "what is it."

Compound verb predicate

A simple predicate, or as it is also called a verb, can be expressed in any mood. It is always a verb, which is clear from its name. Such a predicate answers questions posed at any time. Not always a simple predicate is expressed in one word, for example:

"I will sing". "I will sing" - a simple predicate, expressed by verb in the form of a complex future tense.
As if, as if, exactly, as if, as if, used with the predicate - model particles that are not separated by commas, as is the case with comparative conjunctions.
She was about to go to the door when she suddenly stopped. Here “was” is a model part, denoting an action that began, but did not happen. Such parts are not separated by commas, in contrast to such parts as used to and it happens that have the value of regular repetition of actions.
In the case of a phraseological unit as a predicate, in order to distinguish it from a compound type, the following should be remembered: the first one is easy to replace with one word, but you cannot put "to be" (in any of its forms) instead of it.

Compound nominal predicate

This type of predicate, in turn, is divided into subtypes: it can be verbal, nominal or tripartite. These parts of the sentence may consist of two or more words, which determine the type.

The main and auxiliary parts, which are expressed by words denoting action, form a compound verbal predicate. One of them is always used in indefinite form, and the second is expressed by verbs denoting the beginning, continuation and end of the action. In this capacity, words are used must, glad, can, ready and others who are short adjectives. Also, this part is expressed by words denoting states that have the meaning of possibility, desirability and necessity, as well as giving an emotional assessment of the action.

The nominal predicate answers questions about the actions of the subject and in its composition can have a noun and an adjective in the nominative and instrumental cases, as well as participle, numeral, adverb and pronoun, which are used together with auxiliary verbs.

A compound predicate is a combination of verbal and nominal predicates.