Administrative center of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug. Taimyr Autonomous Okrug

DolganoNenetsky, subject Russian Federation as part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory; for the North Arctic Circle; washed by the Kara and Laptev seas. Pl. 862.1 thousand km², adm. center of Dudinka. Formed in 1930. Occupies the Taimyr Peninsula, b.ch. North Siberian... ... Geographical encyclopedia

TAIMYR (LONG NENETS) AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Situated on Far North Eastern Siberia, beyond the Arctic Circle. Includes archipelagos Severnaya Zemlya, Nordenskiöld and others,... ...Russian history

TAIMYR (LONG NENETS) AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT in the Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk region). 862.1 thousand km². Population 51 thousand people (1993), urban 67%; Russians, Dolgans, Nenets, Nganasans, etc. 1 city, 1 urban-type settlement (1993).… … Big encyclopedic Dictionary

TAIMYR AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT- included in Ros. Federation. Pl. 862.1 thousand km2. Us. 55.0 thousand people (1989, census), including Dolgans (5 thousand), Nenets (2.5 thousand), Nganasans (0.9 thousand), Evenks, Enets, Kets. Center of Dudinka. The first school in the territory. district was opened under Turukhansky... ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

Subject of the Russian Federation Taimyr (Dolgano Nenets) autonomous region... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Autonomous Okrug. Politics Portal:Politics Russia ... Wikipedia

Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug. Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Located in the Far North of Eastern Siberia, beyond the Arctic Circle. Includes... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug- Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug is a abolished subject of the Russian Federation, which on January 1, 2007 became part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Administrative center Dudinka. Region code 84 OKATO code 04100 ... Accounting Encyclopedia

AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT- a type of state (regional, administrative, national-territorial) autonomy. These autonomous units were originally called national districts. The creation of this type of autonomy was provided for by the Resolution... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Constitutional Law

In Russian federation, Krasnoyarsk region. 862.1 thousand km2. Population 46 thousand people (1997), urban 67%; Russians, Dolgans, Nenets, Nganasans, etc. 1 city, 1 urban-type settlement. Dudinka Center. Located mainly on the Taimyr Peninsula.... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

The first people penetrated Taimyr back in the Mesolithic era (in X-V thousand. BC e.). They came here following the retreating glacier, hunting and fishing. To ancient man managed to develop lands even north of present-day Norilsk. But at first the settlements were temporary: with the onset of winter, people went south.

In the 1st millennium AD e. The ancestors of modern Nenets came from Southern Siberia to Taimyr under pressure from nomadic tribes. The basis of their economy was herding reindeer herding, land and sea hunting, and fishing. The main object of hunting is reindeer, and the main object of fishing is nelma, whitefish, and broad whitefish. The oldest known settlement of the inhabitants of Taimyr was discovered on the left bank of the Tagenar River, 5 km from its confluence with the Volochanka River, on a route along which it was very convenient to cross from the Yenisei River basin to the Lena River basin.

In the Bronze Age, people began to develop the riches of the deposits. At the Abylaakh-1 site (1150 BC), during excavations, a bronze foundry was found - the northernmost one currently known. Very interesting finds there were vessels (crucibles) made of sandstone for melting bronze, a mold for an anthropomorphic figurine.

By the end of the 1st millennium AD. e. people came to Taimyr from Western Siberia, which brought a new Vozhpai culture, belonging to the ancient Samoyeds (ancestors of the modern Enets, Nganasans). A monument to this culture is the Dune-3 site on the Pyasina River. Round-bottomed pots were found there, decorated around the neck with bands of patterns of penetrating triangles and other compositions made with comb imprints. TO end of XVI V. pottery almost completely disappears from the everyday life of the peoples of Taimyr and is replaced by metal cauldrons.

The Russians went to Taimyr, first of all, for fur. The territory of Taimyr, or Pyasida, as Russian explorers called this region in the 17th century, was part of the Mangazeya district, established in 1601 and stretching from the Ob River in the west to the Anabara River in the east. The administrative center was the city of Mangazeya, built on the right bank of the Taz River. Throughout the 17th century. this city beyond the Arctic Circle was not only the center of sable fishing, but also the center of Arctic navigation, from where Russian explorers advanced to the North and East of Siberia.

Along the system of tributaries of the Pyasina in the 20s of the 17th century. Russian explorers penetrated the Khetu and Khatanga rivers. They went out on river boats, which were dragged across a small bridge between the Avam and Volochanka rivers. 1626-1628 are conventionally considered the years of the emergence of the first Russian settlements - the winter huts of Khantay, Khatanga, Khetsky, Avamsky, Dudinsky. In 1631 Taimyr became part of Russian state.

Before the arrival of the Russian population, Taimyr was inhabited by the ancestors of the Nganasans. The vast majority of the eastern group of Samoyed clans - the Tavgi - were not yet yasak recipients, that is, they did not pay yasak and were not subject to the voivodeship administration. It was the Tavgs who held back the advance of the Tungus to Taimyr. Military conflicts continued throughout the century.

The scientific study of the peninsula began with the Great Northern Expedition of 1734-1743. Several detachments were simultaneously studying the Taimyr coast: from the west - from the Yenisei and from the east - from the Lena. For the first time, the outlines of the Taimyr Peninsula appeared on the map. The names of the expedition members are immortalized on the map of Taimyr in geographical names- Khariton Laptev coast, Cape Chelyuskin, Minin skerries, Pronchishchev coast, Ovtsyn Strait. In the 19th century began to look for a way for ships to pass through northern seas Russia. In 1875, Nordenskiöld's small sailing ship "Previn" entered the bay through the strait that now bears this name, which Nordenskiöld considered the best on the entire northern coast. He named it Dixon Harbor. Successful expeditions of Nordenskiöld in 1875-1876. at the mouth of the Yenisei dispelled a pessimistic view of shipping in Siberia. 1876 ​​is considered the year of the beginning of steamship trade voyages across the Kara Sea at the mouth of the Yenisei. And the first cargoes from the Yenisei (graphite, fish, furs, etc.) were exported in 1877 on a small sailing ship “Morning Dawn”, which made the voyage at the expense of M.K. Sidorov. A cape in Middendorf Bay on the Taimyr coast is named after him.

December 12, 1822 in connection with administrative reform The Yenisei province was formed by M. M. Speransky. From the very beginning, the center of the province was the city of Krasnoyarsk. Instead of the old counties, five districts were formed on the territory of the new province: Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk, Minusinsk, Kansky and Yenisei - the largest in territory with the Turukhansk region under its jurisdiction. For ease of administration, the Turukhansky region was divided into three sections: Turukhansky (or Tazovsky), Verkhneimbatsky and Dudinsky, which occupied the central part of the region. On this territory there were 3 villages, 26 work stations, 36 settlements. The territory of the Dudinsky site was managed by a special caretaker - a constable, whose duties included monitoring the collection of yasak from the population, supervising the sale of government salt, gunpowder, and lead. All indigenous people for tax purposes, it was united by the Russian administration into councils headed by a foreman (prince). Each of the councils was a territorial-administrative unit. In the Yenisei North (on the territory of Evenkia and Taimyr) 34 councils were created. The princes were elected from among the richest, most influential and respectable residents. Elections took place at suglans - clan meetings. Elders and elders were elected for a term of three years and approved by the governor.

The indigenous inhabitants of the Turukhansk region and its northern outskirts were in dire straits. The first who paid serious attention to this region in the second half of the 19th century was the Siberian entrepreneur M.K. Sidorov, who tried to boost the economy of the region through the development of the Northern Sea Route and the creation of a merchant fleet.

In 1913, the Russian hydrographic expedition of B. A. Vilkitsky discovered the islands of Severnaya Zemlya. In 1915, the first house was erected on Dikson - a radio station for communication with the mainland. IN next year a meteorological station began operating here - even then people understood that the climate of the northern hemisphere of the planet was being formed in the Arctic. In 1919 active research Taimyr was started by the famous explorer N. N. Urvantsev, who confirmed the presence on the peninsula richest reserves mineral raw materials.

It is believed that ancient territory Taimyrsky Autonomous Okrug began to be developed back in the Neolithic period. Russian servicemen and traders began to master Yenisei district, only then did its territory become part of the Russian state. The formation of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug occurred in 1930, at the same time entering the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In former times, Taimyr was part of the Yenisei province, and its administrative center was Irkutsk. The Taimyr Autonomous Okrug became a subject of the Russian Federation in 1992. And its rich history and cultural attractions attract people to the territory.

Geographical position

The Taimyr Autonomous Okrug is located on the Taimyr Peninsula of the same name, as well as its extreme tip - this means several Arctic islands, Cape Chelyuskin and the north of the Central Siberian Plateau. It is noteworthy that this district is the only place in Russia that is completely located outside the borders of the Northern Arctic Circle. Also, its area is the largest district on Russian territory.

The neighbors of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug are the Republic of Sakha from the east, the Krasnoyarsk Territory from the south, the Evenki Autonomous Okrug from the south-east, as well as the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the western part. In addition, the Yenisei and Khatanga bays wash the northern coast of the district.

Let us note that forty percent of the land in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is occupied by the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug. To calculate its total area, you need to add up the territories of the Netherlands, France and Great Britain.

Natural resources

The Taimyr Autonomous Okrug is attractive because it is a little-studied region of the Russian Federation; in total, only three percent of its territory has been explored. Various mineral resources and minerals. Unique volumes of coal reserves are stored in the three largest coal basins, their total weight is 92 billion tons.

In addition, it is necessary to note the most beautiful forest resources Taimyr Autonomous Okrug, while its most of occupied by coniferous forests, where tourists are so eager to get to. After all, here you can endlessly admire the deciduous forests of birch, spruce and Daurian larch, which are considered the northernmost on planet Earth.

Local tourism

Tourists and travelers are invited to visit three nature reserves in the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug. Special attention deserves the Great Arctic Nature Reserve, where picturesque nature allows you to get closer to the local flora and fauna. Because transport infrastructure is being improved very well, then health and tourism complexes will soon be built, which will have no analogues in the world. That is why foreign and domestic investors became so interested in the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug.

Definitely worth a visit to Taimyr biosphere reserve, it is noteworthy that here you can plan or book tourist routes in advance. For example, if you want to observe the Taimyr fauna, then you should go on scientific and educational tourism. However, it is worth taking into account the period of visit and the natural conditions of the year. The management of the reserve also proposes sports tourism. In spring, small groups of tourists organize tourist excursions on dog sleds. Therefore, a special nursery for breeding sled dogs was created at the reserve.

During ethnographic tourism, you can see the places of residence of the nomadic peoples of the Dolgans and Nganasans, who lived in the eastern part of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug.

TAIMYR (DOLGANO-NENETS) AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT , a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Located in the Far North of Eastern Siberia, beyond the Arctic Circle. It includes the archipelagos of Severnaya Zemlya, Nordenskiöld and others, and is washed by the Kara and Laptev seas. Included in East Siberian economic region . Pl. 862.1 thousand km 2. Population 44.5 thousand people. (1998). Center - Dudinka. Urban population 65.4%. Residents (%): Russians 73, Dolgans 10, Nenets, Nganasans 1.7, etc. Includes 3 administrative district, 1 city, 1 urban village. Wed. population density 0.1 people. per 1 km 2. The most densely (relatively) populated area is the area subordinate to the Dudinsk city administration. Formed December 30, 1930.

Occupies the Taimyr Peninsula, b. parts of the North Siberian Lowland, the northern part of the Central Siberian Plateau (altitude up to 1629 m on the Putorana plateau). The coast is heavily indented (large bays are Yenisei, Pyasinsky and Khatanga). In the southwest, along the left bank of the Yenisei, - part West Siberian Plain. Deposits of polymetallic ores, coal, table salt. The climate is arctic and subarctic. Winters are severe and long (up to 10 months), summers are cold. Wed. January temperatures -32 °C, July 2-13 °C. Precipitation approx. 250 mm per year. The growing season is 40-80 days. Permafrost is ubiquitous. Basic rivers - Yenisei, Pyasina, Khatanga, Upper and Lower Taimyr. There are many lakes (Taimyr, Lama, Pyasino, Khantayskoe, etc.) and wetlands. Typical tundra and peat-gley soils predominate; in the south there are podzolic soils, and in the Yenisei valley there are floodplain meadow soils. In the north of the district there are arctic and high-mountain deserts and semi-deserts, on Wed. parts - vegetation of lichen, moss-cotton grass, moss-sedge and shrub tundras, in the south - forest-tundra with sparse larch forests and shrubs. On the territory of the district - the most northern point distribution of woody vegetation on globe(Daurian larch - 72°50" N). Reindeer, arctic fox, wolf, lemming, ermine, mountain hare are preserved in the area; birds include white owl, white and tundra partridge. In the summer in the tundra nesting places for migratory birds (ducks, geese, swans, waders, loons). Valuable commercial fish include salmon and sturgeon. In the seas - seals, walruses, beluga whales. On the territory of the district - Putorana Nature Reserve, Taimyr Nature Reserve.

Natural conditions for the population's life are unfavorable and unfavorable. Due to low economic development ecological situation overall relatively prosperous. Spicy and very spicy ecological situation related to chemical pollution atmosphere, waters and lands, noted in industrial zone Norilsk.

Basic industries: mining (Kotum mine -coal), fish (Khatanga and Dudinsky fish factories). On the territory of the district is the Norilsk industrial region (RAO Norilsk Nickel). Ust-Khantayskaya HPP.

Reindeer husbandry, fur farming, fur farming (blue fox, silver-black fox). Meat and dairy cattle breeding and poultry farming are slightly developed. Navigation on the Yenisei, Khatanga and Severny rivers sea ​​route. Main ports: Dudinka, Dikson, Khatanga. Railway Dudinka - Norilsk - Talnakh. Gas pipeline Messoyakha - Norilsk. Road density 0.1 km/thousand, km 2 (1997).

Cash expenditures per capita 94% of the Russian average; number of personal cars 25.0 per 1000 people; unemployment 4.0% (1997).