In the harbors of the Athenian port of Piraeus, a brief summary. the waves are rolling two

Discipline: ancient world history

Subject: "In the harbors port of Athens Piraeus"

5th grade

Lesson type: explanation of new material, 1 acad. hour.

Lesson Objectives :

Knowledge : know the role of Athens in history Ancient Greece

Understanding : understand the specifics of ancient democracy

Application : perform a test on the topic "Greek Policies and their fight against the Persian invasion"

Analysis : analyze historical documents

Synthesis : formulate conclusions on the topic

Grade : conduct a self-assessment according to the proposed criteria.

Equipment: Handout, copies of historical documents, illustrative material, multimedia presentations.

Lesson plan:

Checking homework.

Preparation for the perception of the new.

Explanation of new material.

Consolidation of what has been learned.

Homework.

During the classes

I stage. Checking homework .

Complete a test on the topic "Greek policies and their fight against the Persian invasion":

Option 1.

Where is Sparta located?

A) in the valley of the river Evrota in Laconia;

B) in the north of Greece;

B) on about. Sicily.

What did merchants export from Greece to the colonies and other countries?

A) slaves

B) olive oil

B) bread.

A) Homer

B) Hesiod;

B) Aeschylus.

What is the name of the common people in Greek?

A) helots

B) policy;

B) demos.

Where were Olympic Games?

A) Mount Olympus

B) in Olympia;

B) in Athens.

What ancient Greek city had two kings?

A) in Sparta

b) in Athens

B) in Thebes.

How often were the Olympic Games held in Ancient Greece?

a) every four years

B) once every ten years;

B) every year.

Persian king, who made the first attempt to capture Greece in 490 BC. e.?

A) Xerxes

B) Darius I;

B) Cyrus.

Leader of the Athenian demosV in. BC e.:

A) Socrates

B) Pericles;

B) dragon.

The battle in which the Greeks finally defeated the Persians (479 BC):

A) at the Marathon;

B) at the Thermopylae Gorge;

C) at Plataea.

Option 2.

Where is Athens located?

A) in Attica

B) in the north of Greece;

B) on about. Crete.

What happened in 490 BC e.?

A) Marathon battle;

B) the capture of Troy by the Greeks;

C) the collapse of the empire of Alexander the Great.

What was the name of the Council of Nobles in Athens?

A) archeopagus

B) demos;

B) policy.

How does Homer's Iliad end?

A) the funeral of Hector;

B) the capture of Troy with the help wooden horse;

C) the return of Odysseus to Ithaca.

What did the Spartans do?

A) craft

B) military affairs;

B) farming.

What did merchants import into Greece from the colonies and other countries?

A) wine

B) olive oil

B) wheat.

The nine rulers of Athens, elected annually by lot:

A) strategists

B) archons;

AT) People's Assembly.

Who in the Athenian policy paid the tax for the right to live in this state?

A) slaves

B) citizens of Athens;

C) merchants are immigrants.

supreme body power in Sparta?

A) the People's Assembly;

B) Council of Elders;

B) kings

What does Greek word"democracy"?

A) power of the people

B) the power of the nobility;

C) the power of a tyrant.

11. Why Greece - a small country, moreover, divided into dozens of states (city-policies) - managed to repel a powerful Persian state? Indicate the battles in which the Greeks and Persians clashed, which of them were successful, and which ended in defeat.

II stage. Preparing for the new .

Why did Greece - a small country, moreover, divided into dozens of states (city-policies) - manage to repulse the powerful Persian state?

Student responses :

A) the Greeks courageously fought for their homeland and defended their independence;

B) for the duration of the war, 30 Greek cities joined forces in the fight against the Persians;

C) the Persian army consisted of mercenaries, at any moment they could refuse to participate in the war, leave the battlefield;

D) the outstanding talent of the commander Themistocles manifested itself.

III stage. Learning new material .

problem question :

What factors made Athens the main city of Ancient Greece?

Task for students: fill in the 1st and 2nd parts of the table.

What glorified

Athens?

1. Victory in the Greco-Persian War:

Marathon battle;

Salamis battle;

military talent of Themistocles.

2. After the victory at Salamis and Plataea, the inhabitants of Athens rebuilt their city, burned by Xerxes.

Athens?

1. To fight the Persians, Athens created a military alliance

Greek states- Athenian Maritime Union.

2. After the end of the war, under the treaty, the Persians and their warships were forbidden to sail in the Aegean Sea.

3. In many liberated Greek cities, following the example of Athens, the power of the demos was established - democracy.

What contributed to prosperity

Athens?

Large navy - 400 triremes.

Immigrant taxes.

Active trade and merchants' duties.

The use of slave labor by citizens of Athens, the prohibition by law to kill a slave and the possibility for him to become a freedman by law.

The transformation of Athens into largest center crafts and trade.

Task for students: fill in the 3rd part of the table.

Use of multimedia: excerpt educational material– description of the port.

A) Map - scheme of the port of Piraeus

b) Who was allowed to be in the military port? How can you explain this?

c) Who could be an Athenian citizen? What categories were Athenian citizens divided into?

The work of students with the text and illustration of the textbook (p. 165).

D) What groups of the population of Attica could we still meet in the trading harbor? How are they different from citizens?

E) What other income did the Athenian treasury receive?(new concept of "tax")

E) What did merchants and ordinary citizens trade in Athens harbor?

Option 1 - what did you bring?(new concept of "duty")

2nd option - what was taken out?

G) Where did the merchants bring live goods to Attica?

3. Task for students: complete right side tables.

Work of students with documents.

Answer

What factors made the power of the demos in Athens unstable?

The disenfranchised position of the slaves.

The disinterest of slaves in the results of their labor.

Slave protest.

Description of slavery by ancient Greek philosophers.

Aristotle. Politics.

In all crafts ... there are tools appropriate for them ... and of these tools, some are inanimate, others are animate ... the slave is in to some extent an animated part of the property ...

Xenophon. About income.

Nicias, the son of Nicerates, owned a thousand slaves in the mines: he rented them out to the Thracian Sessions on the condition that he pay him annually one obol (small coin) of net income for each slave and then handed back the same number of slaves.

Demosthenes. against Nicostratus.

They offered to give me these slaves for interrogation under torture ... I answered them in front of witnesses that I was ready to go with them to the council and interrogate the slaves ...

Stele, column 1:

165 drachmas - Thracian, 144 drachmas - Scythian,

240 drachmas - a Syrian, 72 drachmas - a child from Caria,

161 drachmas - Illyrian, 60 drachmas - Lydian

Issues for discussion:

Where was slave labor used?

How were slaves treated?

Who could be a slave in ancient Greece?

Text for class discussion.

The famous silver mines of Attica, located in the Laurian mountains, were huge. underground city an area of about 150 sq. km. Entrances to it were 2000 mines, going into the ground to a depth of 150 m. The passages in the mines were so low that one meter was considered the maximum height. And there were many of those on which you could only move by crawling, lying on your side. Thousands of people buried alive lived and worked in this stinking hell.

The walls of stone burrows peel off shoulders and chest. Small earthenware lamps, placed in occasionally carved niches, are the only points of light in pitch darkness, blink and choke from lack of oxygen.

There is no working day. There are working days. Only for a few hours, having dropped tools from weakened hands: a hammer, a wedge or a shovel, you can forget yourself in a heavy sleep. Sometimes water appears in the mines. Black and motionless, she seems like blood shed by thousands dead people. It is scooped out with clay vessels, which are passed from hand to hand.

Give evidence of the exhausting, deadly labor of people in the silver mines.

Who worked in the mines, why?

What were the reasons for the armed uprisings of slaves in Ancient Greece?

IV stage. Fixing new material .

Students' conclusion:

AT V century BC after the victory over Persia, Athens became a prosperous policy, the main center of crafts and trade in Ancient Greece. However, the disenfranchised position of the slaves gradually became a brake on the prosperity and strengthening of the power of Athens, and also caused a protest against the Athenian citizens.

V stage. Homework . § 36, task number 36 in the workbook.

§ 1 Piraeus - main seaport

Greco-Persian Wars, which ended in 449 BC, led to the enrichment of the Greek cities that participated in the war, and, first of all, Athens. The Persians were forbidden to withdraw their fleet to the Aegean Sea, and since the Greeks had no other rivals, maritime trade began to develop again. Attica became the center of Greek maritime trade, where goods from all over Aegean Sea.

By the middle of the 5th c. BC. Piraeus, located in the southwest of Attica, became the main seaport of the Athenian polis. Piraeus and Athens were connected by a road 5-6 km long, surrounded on both sides by defensive structures called "Long Walls", built in case of an unexpected attack. The city itself had a favorable geographical position. It was located on a small peninsula, connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus, which was defended by troops. All this provided Athens with protection from an unexpected attack both from land and from the sea.

There were three harbors in the port: two military and one commercial. Military harbors had narrow entrances, which were locked with stretched iron chains or ropes. From the land side, the military harbors were surrounded by walls, preventing not only the penetration of outsiders, but also protecting them from enemy spies. According to the laws of the Athens policy, only citizens, that is, people whose reliability was not in doubt, since their parents were also citizens, had the right to serve on warships. The port housed 400 warships called triremes. Each trireme had its own fixed place. The materials necessary for repairing ships were stored in the port warehouses: sails, ropes, oars, anchor chains. The poor people who came here from different regions of Attica worked tirelessly in the harbors. They performed the duties of rowers and sailors, worked at shipyards, participating in the repair of old ships and the construction of new ones. Often rich Athenians appeared in the harbors - farmers and merchants, each of whom, according to the laws of the Athenian policy, was obliged to build and equip a warship at his own expense.

§ 2 The main marketable commodity - slaves

The largest harbor of Piraeus became the center of trade. Ships arrived here from distant colonies, from Egypt and Carthage, as well as other regions of Africa. Fabrics and carpets, ivory, fish, grain and, of course, slaves were delivered to Piraeus. A merchant ship that arrived at the port was met by Athenian officials, whose duty was to receive a duty from the merchant - a fee that allowed trading in Athens. Having completed a successful trade, the merchants bought local goods: olive oil, wine, handicrafts (clay vessels, statues, bracelets and silver goblets). Some merchants, seeing how briskly trade was going on, moved to Athens. Such merchants were called meteks, which in Greek means "migrant". Unlike Athenian citizens, the Meteki paid a special tax to the Athenian treasury, which gave them the right to reside in the city.

As a result of the development of trade, it was decided to build the city of Piraeus near the harbors. It was built under the direction of the Greek architect Hippodamus of Miletus. The city plan was considered very advanced for that time: the streets were wide and long and intersected at right angles. On the territory of the city there were taverns and inns in which visitors could relax after a trip. Meteki owned their own houses. Residents and guests of the city had the opportunity to visit the theater, and they sold everything necessary for everyday life on the market square.

One of the most popular goods both in Athens and throughout Greece were slaves. Slaves were foreigners taken prisoner or bought by the inhabitants of the colonies from the local population, as well as sailors from ships captured by pirates. Slave labor was used in the household, in craft workshops, in harvesting and in silver mines. Slaves were priced according to their age, skills, and physical health. So, for example, a donkey driver cost 140 silver coins, called drachmas. A slave for work in the mines 180 drachmas, a jeweler - 360 drachmas. It is also known that a bull cost 50 drachmas, and a pig - 3 drachmas. At the same time, the Athenian family spent half a drachma a day on food.

§ 3 Lesson summary

Let's summarize the lesson:

1) in the V century. BC. The Athenian state has become the center of international maritime trade;

2) the main port of Attica was the city of Piraeus, where goods were brought from many countries;

3) slaves became the most popular commodity.

List of used literature:

Aristotle. Athenian polity. State structure Athenians. - M., 2003.
Gritsak E. Athens and the Acropolis. - M., 2005.
Kolobova K. M., Ancient city Athens and its monuments. - L., 1961.
Strogetsky V.M. Athens and Sparta. The struggle for hegemony in Greece in the 5th century. BC e. (478-431). - M., 2008.
Surikov I.E. Ancient Greece: history and culture - M., 2005.
Surikov I.E. Sun of Hellas. Story Athenian democracy. - M., 2008.
Ancient world history. The Ancient East. Egypt, Sumer, Babylon, Western Asia. - Minsk, M., 2000.
Surikov I.E. Ancient Greece: history and culture - M: 2005.
Frolov E.D. Torch of Prometheus. Essays on ancient social thought. - L., 1981.

Used images:

5 B class

Lesson summary on the topic: “In the harbors of the Athenian port of Piraeus”

Lesson topic:"In the harbors of the Athenian port of Piraeus"

Goals and objectives:

1. Quality control of students' knowledge on the topic "Polices of Greece and their fight against the Persian invasion";

2. Show the role of Athens in the history of Ancient Greece;

3. Deepen students' knowledge of ancient democracy;

4. Continue the formation of skills to generalize individual events and formulate simple conclusions;

5. Work with textbook illustrations and historical documents.

Equipment:

Literature:

1) A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya. Ancient world history. M. Enlightenment. 2013

2) O.V. Araslanova and K.A. Solovyov. Lesson developments on the history of the ancient world.

Basic concepts: shipyard, duty, tax, freedman

Lesson Plan

I. Orgmoment(1 min)

(survey + test) (25 min.)

(15 minutes.)

1. In military harbors(3-4 min)

2. In a trading harbor(3-4 min)

3. The plight of the slaves(3-4 min)

IV. The results of the lesson. Reflection(2-3 min.)

V. Homework

During the classes

I. Organizing moment(1 min.)

Greeting students

Checking their attendance and readiness for the lesson.

II. Checking homework(25 min.) (poll)

1. Homework review (3 min)

2. Survey (17 min) - 2 times

Who foresaw the Persian invasion? (Themistocles)

What was the salvation of Hellas, according to Themistocles? (Creation of the navy)

What did Themistocles call on the Greeks, who lived in different cities? (Stop hostility and unite to fight a dangerous enemy).

How many Hellenic states did the union consist of? (30)

In what year did King Xerxes lead his hordes to Hellas? (In 480 BC)

Who formed the basis of the army of Xerxes? (subjugated peoples)

What did Xerxes order to do with the builders who were building the bridge that connected the shores of Asia and Europe? And what was the punishment for the sea? (He ordered the heads of the builders to be cut off and ordered the sea to be whipped with whips)

Where did Xerxes' army originally invade? (to Northern Greece)

Who led the Greek army that blocked the Persians in the Thermopylae Gorge? (King Leonidas)

Why did the Persians manage to defeat the Greeks at Thermopylae? (Because to Xerxes came local and for a reward showed a bypass path leading through the mountains to the rear of the defenders of Thermopylae)

What feat did 300 Spartans accomplish? (King Leonidas remained with three hundred Spartans for certain death, while he ordered the main army to retreat, covering them)

What many commanders insisted on general council warlords? (withdrawal of the fleet to the Isthmus of Corinth)

And who was against it? (Themistocles)

Why did Greece - a small country, moreover, divided into dozens of states - manage to repulse the powerful Persian state? (The Greeks courageously fought for their homeland. During the war, 30 Greek states joined forces in the fight against the enemy. The Persian army consisted of mercenaries, at any moment they could refuse to perform a combat mission. The outstanding talent of Themistocles manifested itself.)

What was the significance of these major military battles? (During such battles, the Greeks were able to defend their independence.)

3. Test "Greco-Persian Wars" (5 minutes)

III. Learning new material(15 minutes)

So, after the victories at Salamis and Plataea, the inhabitants of Athens rebuilt their city, burned by Xerxes. The Greeks began to liberate the islands of the Aegean and the cities of Asia Minor captured by the Persians. To fight the Persians, Athens created a military alliance of the Greek coastal states - the Athenian Maritime Union. So, guys, we are moving on to the study new chapter textbook: “The rise of Athens in the 5th century BC. and the rise of democracy.

Who can tell me what "democracy" is? (People power). The power of the demos - democracy was established in the policies liberated from the power of the Persians.

Where do you think democracy has reached greatest flourishing? (In Athens)

And now we will find out how the inhabitants of the Athenian port of Piraeus lived.

To get started, read paragraph 1 of §36 and answer the question: What was the port

Open p.172, look at the layout of the port.

What does the red jagged line mean? (fortification walls)

How are they located on the plan? (walls of fortifications were located around the port, blocking it from all sides)

What do the two show parallel lines on the plan? (the road connecting Athens with Piraeus was surrounded on both sides by Long Walls)

How many harbors were there in Piraeus? (3 harbors - two sea and one trade)

1. In military harbors

Now we will learn more about life in military harbors, for this we read paragraph 1 of § 36 and answer the questions:

Who served on warships (only Athenian citizens)

Who is legally considered a citizen? (native Athenians, both of whose parents were citizens)

Explain the meaning of the word "shipyard? (a place where old ships were repaired and new ships were built)

What were the richest citizens to do according to Athenian laws? (at your own expense to equip warship)

Guess, based on this fact, who held power in Athens? (rich people, know)

Now look at the picture on page 173 and answer the questions:

How can you prove that this is a trading haven?

Now let's look around, at a distance, in the background, what did you see? (walls enclosing the port)

What are people doing at the pier?

Is the ship in the foreground preparing to sail or has it just arrived?

Another ship is not far away, it entered the harbor, what could it bring with it, what was so valued by the Greeks? (read item 2 on page 172)

How did the treasury of the Athenian state replenish? (Due to taxes, they were levied from merchants who traded in Athens, immigrants for the right to live in Athens)

How was the population of Athens divided? How did they differ in their rights? (citizens, immigrants, slaves)

3. The plight of the slaves

Where was slave labor used in Greece? (In all crafts, but the hardest was the labor of slaves in silver mines)

How were slaves treated? ? (Slaves were considered an animated part of the property of the owners, a “tool” in the work of artisans. They could be tortured during interrogations, beaten, sold like cattle)

Who could be a slave in Ancient Greece? (Foreigners taken prisoner, bought overseas or captured by pirates)

Who were called freedmen? (slaves who were set free by their owners)

IV. The results of the lesson. Reflection(2-3 min.)

1. Why did Athens become a powerful policy of Ancient Greece? (trade is developing here, there are warships, clear laws, wealth is accumulating)

2. Which city was connected to the port of Piraeus by a special fortified road?

3. What harbors were in the port?

4. What could you see in the military harbor, in the trading one?

5. What groups were the population of the port divided into?

6. Which of the groups was the most disenfranchised?

7. Where was the labor of people of this group used?

V. Homework

2. Prepare a story on behalf of a traveler who visited the ancient port of Piraeus

Answers. Test 6. 1 - A; 2 - B; 3 - BAS; 4 - BVAEDG; 5 - B.

In today's lesson, you will get acquainted with the Athenian port of Piraeus, which the Athenians themselves called the “mouth of Athens”.

background

Athens is not located on the seashore, but a few kilometers from it. Therefore, Athens was not originally port city. The port at Athens appeared during, in the 5th century BC, during the reign of Themistocles. Thanks to the appearance of the port and the navy, the Athenians were able to defeat the Persians outnumbered.

Events

Citizens by law were considered native Athenians, in whom both parents - both father and mother - were citizens. In the harbors there were many poor citizens who came here to earn money. These were rowers and sailors, workers at the shipyards, where they repaired old and built new ships. Day after day, they banged with axes, impregnated the bottoms of the triremes with resin, plugged the cracks formed in the voyage.

In the harbors one could also see a rich man, for example, a landowner or a merchant. He came to perform an honorable but ruinous duty. According to Athenian laws, the richest citizens had to equip a warship at their own expense.

Many ships from different countries and cities came to the most extensive of the harbors of Piraeus. Linen and papyrus were brought from Egypt, from other regions of Africa - ivory, from the Black Sea colonies - grain, salted fish and slaves (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. In the trading harbor of Piraeus ()

Hungry for news, the Athenians rushed to the newly arrived merchant with the question: "What's new?" Learned about the prices of bread and other goods. With their mouths open, they listened to stories about distant countries, about encounters with pirates and sea monsters.

Before unloading the ship, the merchant who brought the goods paid a fee for the right to trade in Athens. The money went to the treasury of the Athenian state. Toll collectors were citizens chosen by lot for this position.

Merchants brought across the sea products of Athenian artisans: magnificent clay vessels, marble statues, silver bracelets, earrings, goblets. AT large quantities they exported wine and olive oil, which they bought from the farmers of Attica. This led to the fact that the farmers sowed less bread than before, but grew grapes and olives in large quantities. Now they were not in danger of ruin.

Among the merchants there were many settlers from other cities who permanently lived in Athens. The settlers spoke Greek, dressed the same as the rest of the Athenians, worshiped the same gods, but had to pay a tax to the treasury for the mere right to live in the Athenian state. Citizens of such tax did not pay.

In Piraeus, as in other cities of Hellas, people were traded like cattle. They sold foreigners taken prisoner, bought overseas or captured by pirates (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Labor of slaves ()

Wealthy Athenians bought slaves for the home: sweeping, caring for children, baking bread, weaving. Slaves were willingly acquired by the owners of the workshops. In the smithy, for example, a slave was forced to carry coal, fan the fire with bellows in a blazing furnace, and beat the hot metal with a heavy hammer. Wealthy farmers also bought one or two slaves. They were instructed to pick olives, crush grapes with their feet and press.

The most terrible fate awaited those who fell into the silver mines in the south of Attica. Deep underground, suffering from a lack of air and light, thousands of slaves mined precious ore.

The laws of Athens forbade the killing of a slave. But otherwise, they did not recognize human rights for him: a slave could not dispose of his labor, have a family, or change his place of residence. In captivity, the slave often lost his name and received a nickname from the name of the tribe to which he belonged: Scythian, Thracian, Persian.

Sometimes slave owners set them free. Such people were called freedmen. They could be devoted servants, for example, a nanny who raised the master's children. Freedmen became talented craftsmen who paid the ransom - shoemakers, builders, artists who decorated pottery with drawings.

Athens became the largest center of crafts and trade.

Bibliography

A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya. Ancient world history. Grade 5 - M .: Education, 2006.
Nemirovsky A.I. History Reading Book ancient world. - M.: Enlightenment, 1991.

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Homework

Where is Piraeus located?
What groups divided the population of the Athenian policy?
What rights did citizens and migrants have?
Where was slave labor used?

1. Piraeus - the main seaport

The Greco-Persian wars, which ended in 449 BC, led to the enrichment of the Greek cities that participated in the war, and, first of all, Athens. The Persians were forbidden to withdraw their fleet to the Aegean Sea, and since the Greeks had no other rivals, maritime trade began to develop again. Attica became the center of Greek maritime trade, where goods were brought from all over the Aegean Sea.

2. The main selling commodity - slaves

The largest harbor of Piraeus became the center of trade. Ships arrived here from distant colonies, from Egypt and Carthage, as well as other regions of Africa. Fabrics and carpets, ivory, fish, grain and, of course, slaves were delivered to Piraeus. A merchant ship that arrived at the port was met by Athenian officials, whose duty it was to collect a duty from the merchant - a fee that allowed trading in Athens. Having completed a successful trade, the merchants bought local goods: olive oil, wine, handicrafts (clay vessels, statues, bracelets and silver goblets). Some merchants, seeing how briskly trade was going on, moved to Athens. Such merchants were called meteks, which in Greek means "migrant". Unlike Athenian citizens, the Meteki paid a special tax to the Athenian treasury, which gave them the right to reside in the city.

3. Lesson summary

Let's summarize the lesson:

1) in the 5th century. BC. The Athenian state has become the center of international maritime trade;

2) the city of Piraeus became the main port of Attica, where goods from many countries were brought;

3) slaves became the most popular commodity.

The file "It's interesting!" is attached to the lesson. and the test file. You can download files at any time convenient for you.

Used sources:

http://znaika.ru/catalog/5-class/istoriya/V-gavanyakh-afinskogo-porta-Pirey