What to tell kindergarten children about the siege of Leningrad. Thematic conversation “Siege of Leningrad” with the senior group of kindergarten

Summary of the conversation dedicated to the “Day of Lifting the Siege” for seniors up to school age

Efimova Alla Ivanovna, teacher of GBDOU No. 43, Kolpino St. Petersburg
Description: The material will be useful to educators and teachers preschool education And younger schoolchildren.

Target:
- expand children’s understanding of the heroic feat of the residents of besieged Leningrad.
Tasks:
- Introduce children to the life of people at this time.
- Develop the ability to feel, empathize, listen to others, and cultivate a sense of patriotism.
- Tell children about the lives of adults and children during the difficult war years.
- Cultivate respectful relationships with historical memory of his people, to war veterans.
- Enrich children's knowledge about the heroic past of our city;
- Form a love for hometown.
- Expand and consolidate the concepts of “blockade”, “breaking the blockade”, “blockade ring”.
- Develop intonation expressiveness speech when reading poetry.
Preliminary work:
1. Examination of illustrations of besieged Leningrad;
2. Memorizing poems about the Blockade;
3. Conversations with children;
4. Listening to war songs.
5. Reading fiction on this topic.
Equipment and materials: presentation “Siege of Leningrad”, stand with visual material about the Siege, flowers, candle, 125g. bread (weighed in advance in the dining room).

Educator: Guys, today, January 27th, is a special day for you and me. We residents of this beautiful city know that on this day the blockade of Leningrad was lifted. What do you think the word blockade means?
Answers.
Child: Today is a special day, guys.
Remembrance Day is solemn and holy.
71 years since the lifting of the blockade,
Celebrates our native city.
That day, breaking through the blockade ring,
Our city is doing its best
Gave battle to the enemies, throwing them back from Leningrad,
And he won in fierce battles.
Educator: Let's remember who is the founder of the city?
Answers.
Educator: How many wonderful names did our city have?
Answers.
Educator: Guys, tell me, what was the standard of bread in those distant times, and what did this bread taste like?

Answers.
Child: The Leningrad sky is in smoke,
But worse than mortal wounds.
Heavy bread blockade bread,
One hundred twenty-five grams.

Educator: The bread was made from bran and was bitter. It was tasteless, the quota was very small, they gave out bread on ration cards, and if you lose your card, you will generally remain hungry.
Educator: What was the name of the road along which food was delivered to us then?
Answers.
Educator: Yes - Dear Life. Food was delivered to the city along this road, and the weak and sick were taken out of the city. They were taken out in cars, these cars were called lorries. Look at the picture, these are the cars driving along the road of life.

Educator: True, not all cars reached their destination; sometimes cars fell through the ice, along with provisions and even people.
Educator: What is the name of the lake through which this road of life passed?
Answers.
Child: The road of life is a narrow corridor,
Stretched along Ladoga ice.
She saved our beloved city,
In that terrible and monstrous hell.
Educator: Guys, I suggest you play too. Imagine that you also need to deliver groceries, and you will deliver them, also along the road of life. You have two stripes (squares of paper) on the floor, you need to move carefully along the squares, don’t step on them, otherwise you’ll fail, and the main thing is to transport the products from one bank to the other without losing anything.

Educator: Guys, do you know that at that time it was also very difficult for children, but they studied, helped their elders, and after school they also worked. Do you remember the name of the girl who kept the diary?
Answers.

Child: In besieged Leningrad
This girl lived.
In a student notebook
She kept her diary.
Tanya died during the war,
Tanya is still alive in my memory:
Holding my breath for a moment,
The world hears her words.
Educator: It was hard times. 900 days and nights the city was torn away from Mainland. Leningrad was completely liberated from the siege only in January 1944.
In the cold, when the snow is raging,
In St. Petersburg this day is especially revered -
The city celebrates the Day of Lifting the Siege,
And fireworks thunder in the frosty air.
These are volleys in honor of the freedom of Leningrad!
In honor of the immortality of the children who did not survive...
Merciless fascist siege,
The famine lasted nine hundred days.
Freezing, people buried their loved ones,
Drank water from melted ice,
The stove was heated from favorite books in winter,
And food was more valuable than gold.
We ate a small piece of rye bread,
A little bit at a time... No one dropped a crumb.
And bombing instead of the stars of the night sky,
And the ruins where the house stood yesterday...
But the blockade of the black months was broken!
And when the enemy was driven back,
There were fireworks! His shells announced:
- Survived! He survived! Leningrad did not surrender!
Leningraders, staggering from fatigue,
We walked into the streets and heard: “Hurray!”
And through tears they began to hug, -
All! The blockade time is over!
We have fireworks in the spring - on Victory Day,
He paints the sky all over the country with flowers,
But our grandfathers are especially revered,
Those fireworks in the hungry-white January...
Educator: They propose a minute of silence to honor everyone who died for the sake of our happy time today.
A minute of silence.
Educator: Today, January 27, on the day complete liberation Leningrad from fascist invaders, I suggest you light a memory candle or just a flashlight in the window at home in the evening. This will symbolize our memory of that terrible page in the history of our great city. 900 days. Days filled with hunger, cold, fear, death and sorrow.
Let us carry the memory of this heroic feat of our great defenders of the city through the years, through the centuries. As long as we are alive, the memory is alive. As long as the memory is alive, we will live!
Educator: Guys, you all brought carnations this morning and I suggest now everyone get dressed and go to the memorial stele and lay our flowers.

At the memorial, children sang the song “They Were Only Twelve...”
Educator: Leningraders lie here.
Here the townspeople are men, women, children.....
We cannot list their noble names here.
There are so many of them under the eternal protection of granite.
But know that he who listens to these stones,
No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.

GBDOU d/s No. 75 Krasnogvardeisky district of St. Petersburg

Children about the siege of Leningrad

(for older preschoolers)

Children, do you like holidays? Holidays are usually noisy and joyful, with cheerful music, laughter, and jokes. But there are also those who are said to be “with tears in their eyes” - these are memorable dates which should not be forgotten.

There is a special page in the history of our city. A long time ago (seventy years ago) the Great Patriotic War was going on. Our entire country (Motherland, Fatherland) was in danger. Over our city, then it was called Leningrad, hung death threat. The Nazis surrounded the city. They decided to destroy Leningrad and its inhabitants.

A city, like a living organism, is born, grows, develops, and sometimes dies. He may be sick, or he may become prettier. It depends on the people who love, protect, and protect the city. Listen to your heart beat. Do you think the city has a heart? (Answers).

As long as there are people alive in the city who take care of and protect it, as long as their hearts beat, as long as the heart of the city beats, the city is alive. The heart of our St. Petersburg has been beating for more than 300 years.

And in those sorrowful war days, the Nazis surrounded our beloved Leningrad with a blockade ring. It was scary time. Constant shelling of the city, hunger, cold, death. The blockade lasted almost 900 days (from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944). All residents of besieged Leningrad became defenders of the city so as not to give it up to the enemy, because the Nazis wanted to wipe Leningrad off the face of the earth - to blow up and burn all its beauty, to destroy all its inhabitants.

We remember how the blockade ring strangled us,

How death frightened us and stared us in the face more than once.

Yes, there was cold, hunger, hail of shells, booming explosions,

Fire smoke. But Leningrad stood in spite of the enemy.

IN besieged Leningrad trams, buses and trolleybuses stopped. The heating did not work, and many houses had no light or water. There are almost no products left. The piece of blockade bread was very small. Many mothers gave their last piece to their child so that he would live. But kindergartens and schools operated in the city, factories produced live ammunition and military equipment. Teenagers and children worked alongside adults in military factories (sometimes it was necessary to place boxes for them so that they could reach the machine), and they were on duty on the roofs of houses, preventing fires from incendiary bombs and explosions.

Leningrad radio operated in the city. People listened to the beat of the city's heart on the radio - this is the Leningrad metronome. Messages were conveyed from the front, but there were also poems and music, which also helped Leningraders to be courageous and persistent.

During the days of siege,

Under fire, in the snow,

Didn't give up, didn't give up

Our city to the enemy.

During the war winter, trucks with food, fuel and clothing walked across the ice of Lake Ladoga to Leningrad, and these vehicles transported the wounded back to the mainland. This road helped save the lives of many Leningraders, which is why it was called the Road of Life.

Through storms, storms, through all obstacles

You are a song about Ladoga, fly.

The road here goes through a blockade,

There is no other way to find.

Oh, Ladoga, dear Ladoga!

Blizzards, storms and menacing waves...

No wonder my dear Ladoga

It's called "The Road of Life".

Leningrad survived, the enemy blockade ring was broken (January 18, 1943), and the fascist bastard that was strangling the city was defeated (the blockade was completely lifted on January 27, 1944).

Today we remember and celebrate this event. People come to the monuments to the defenders of Leningrad, the burial places of the fallen defenders of the city and lay flowers, silently bowing their heads before the eternal flame, which burns day and night, as an eternal memory of the heroes. A minute of silence is a holy moment when heads bow in reverence.

Here is a place of eternal memory and sorrow.

There are many monuments and memorials to the defenders of Leningrad in our city. The memory of war and victory is also preserved by the names of streets, squares, avenues and parks (Prospect of Glory, Avenue of the Unconquered, Street of Fortitude, Square of Courage, Victory Square, Victory Park,...)

Our city has become free over the free Neva

And we will never forget with you

The tragic days of the Leningrad blockade.

How steadfastly our city hero fought,

How was he able to defeat the fascist bastard?

Today we celebrate the day of the complete lifting of the enemy blockade. We say thank you to the war veterans who defended our beloved city. May all residents of St. Petersburg, both big and small, be healthy, joyful and happy. Remember this day.

Show off, city of Petrov,

And stand unwavering

Like Russia!

Materials used:

Alifanova "First steps"

Ermolaeva, Gavrilova “Wonderful City” (2nd edition, part –1)

Nikonova State Educational Institution Central District No. 29 Vasileostrovsky District “Memory Lesson”

For preschoolers about the blockade (POEMS)

E. Nikonova

OLD PHOTOS

Stored in every home

Family albums

The photographs are black and white,

A little yellowed

Cardboard pages...

And young faces

People from the past are looking at us

And it’s as if they’re talking to us

How we lived, how we loved

And how the children were raised,

How they saved it for you and me

A beautiful city above the Neva.

POEMS OF SIECAED CHILDREN by V. Sementsov

Steamboat-steamer

It goes through Ladoga.

Take it quickly

Through Ladoga children,

Where there is no war and grief,

Protect everyone from harm.

VETERANS E. Nikonova

Look, the veterans are sitting,

Witnesses of a long-ago war,

Wearing medals and awards,

They came to us for a holiday.

Familiar, kind faces,

We know them by name

Keepers of glorious traditions,

Bequeathed to us forever.

LENINGRAD BLOCKADE E. Nikonova

We did not know the days of the siege

That distant war

But the feat of his homeland

Let us remember sacredly.

We remember how we were choked

blockade ring,

How death has frightened me more than once

She looked us in the face.

Yes, there was cold, hunger, hail

Shells, explosions roar,

Fire smoke. But Leningrad

He stood in spite of the enemy.

But the Leningrad metronome

It sounded like a heartbeat.

He made his way into every house:

• Live, fight, my friend!

Together with you we are alive

And we will overcome death,

And, not afraid of the darkness of the grave,

Let's order her: - Don't you dare!

And both old and young rejoiced

January winter day:

• We defended Leningrad!

The enemy is broken, defeated!

The soul will forever preserve

The seal of the blockade years.

And our memory is like granite -

There is nothing stronger and firmer.

Those years are moving away

But let’s repeat it a hundred times:

We will never forget

Your feat, Leningrad!

For preschoolers about the blockade (POEMS)

YUNGA E. Nikonova

Someone's grandfather was an artilleryman,

He fired from a cannon.

And someone was a tank driver

And he drove the tank.

And someone's grandfather served in the infantry,

He went on the attack.

My grandfather was a cabin boy in the navy,

My grandfather was a Baltic.

He got on the cruiser as a boy,

Almost like me

She called him “brother”, “brother”

Sailor family.

He, the cabin boy, together with the crew

I went on a sea voyage.

In one battle he was even wounded,

But he returned to duty again.

"For the defense of Leningrad"

He received a medal.

And this glorious reward

Rightfully deserved it.

***

During the days of siege, under fire, in the snow,

We did not give up, our city did not surrender to the enemy.

Proud, brave people live here.

And their valiant work is glorified everywhere.

***

Flip through the pages of history,

When you walk around the city

Columns, arches, obelisks

You will find it on your way.

The obelisk closest to the kindergarten is “Rzhev Blockade Corridor - Road of Life” at the intersection of Kommuny and Krasin streets.

Look at the bas-reliefs with your children and talk about what you see.

For preschoolers about the blockade (POEMS)

O.F. Bergholtz

My sister, comrade, friend and brother!

After all, these are us, born of the blockade.

Together they call us “Leningrad”,

And the globe is proud of Leningrad!

***

... we will never forget with you

The tragic days of the Leningrad blockade,

How steadfastly our hero city fought,

How could he defeat the fascist bastard!

***

Here is a place of eternal memory and sorrow

Let's be quiet for a bit now.

Do you hear how much bitterness and pain

In the music that sounds?

It cries a requiem for all the dead,

For those who lie here in the damp earth.

Let this pain of loss become closer

(Song by T. Igritskaya)

DEDICATED TO TANIA SAVICHEVA

It was a war winter, a blockade winter.

That girl lived on Vasilyevsky Island.

The whole family died from hunger and cold,

And the girl wrote: “Only I am left.”

Chorus: Tanechka Savicheva,

You've been gone for a long time

But we know the house number

And your window.

Didn’t rise, didn’t survive on the mainland.

Only sad notes remained in the journal.

At Piskarevskoye Cemetery now and forever

These records are kept so that the earth remembers.

Chorus.

For you, parents!

LENINGRAD BLOCKADE

There is a special memorable page in the life of our city. The Great Patriotic War was going on. A mortal threat loomed over our city, then Leningrad. The Nazis surrounded the city. They decided to destroy Leningrad and its inhabitants.

The blockade of the city lasted almost 900 days:

It was a scary time. Constant artillery shelling of the city. Hunger. Cold. Death. But the real townspeople dealt with the disaster with dignity, showing courage, perseverance, and heroism. And the city was saved.

Maybe there are older people in your family who remember these days, let them tell their children about the blockade. Show the children the monuments and memorable places in the city, reminiscent of the blockade. Let the children know what a difficult test the residents of our city endured.

The obelisk closest to our kindergarten is“Rzhev blockade corridor – Road of life”at the intersection of Communa and Krasin streets.

Look at the bas-reliefs with your children and talk about what you saw, you can take photographs, and at home invite your child to draw or sculpt what he remembers.

TO ALL LENINGRADIERS, DEFENDERS AND RESIDENTS OF BLOCKETED LENINGRAD

CONGRATULATIONS

HAPPY HOLIDAY –

HAPPY DAY OF ENDING THE BLOCKADE OF LENINGRAD!

The day of January 27, 1944 will forever go down in the history of our city. On this day, Leningrad was completely liberated from the enemy blockade, ending 900 terrible blockade days and nights.

A low bow to all the defenders of Leningrad who defended the city during the days of difficult trials, this feat will remain for the whole world a model of unparalleled courage, perseverance, and unbending will to win. Let the saved St. Petersburg prosper - a city that has risen from ruins and preserved its beauty and grandeur for future generations.

Good health to you, blockade survivors of Leningrad, residents of the besieged city, soldiers who defended and liberated the city, happiness, prosperity and long life! Thank you for everything you have done for the country, for our beloved city, for current and future generations of St. Petersburg residents!

The city lost every second resident. About a million soldiers died in the battle for Leningrad,sailors and officers.

“There is no city in the world that gave so many lives for victory. Its history is the history of the entire Patriotic War: if we entered Berlin, it was also because the Germans did not enter Leningrad,” wrote I. Ehrenburg

We drank the cup of grief to the dregs.

But the enemy did not starve us to death.

And death was defeated by life.

And Man and the City won.

Lyudmil Popova 1953

The deaf rage of the city will explode -

And the Last Judgment will come for the enemies,

And the houses will fall from their places, thundering,

And the streets will go on the offensive.

And into an all-crushing, victorious battle,

Ringing with heavy armor,

The Bronze Horseman will rush beyond Pulkovo,

Spurring a proud horse.

Vadim Shefner, lieutenant,

Leningrad Front. 1943

When the blockade ring closed, in addition to the adult population, 400 thousand children remained in Leningrad - from infants to schoolchildren and teenagers. Naturally, they wanted to save them first of all, they tried to protect them from shelling and bombing. Comprehensive care for children in those conditions was characteristic feature Leningraders. And she gave special power adults, encouraged them to work and fight, because the children could only be saved by defending the city...

Alexander Fadeev in travel notes "During the days of the siege" he wrote:

“Children of school age can be proud that they defended Leningrad together with their fathers, mothers, older brothers and sisters.

Great work protecting and saving the city, serving and saving the family fell to the lot of Leningrad boys and girls. They put out tens of thousands of lighters dropped from airplanes, they put out more than one fire in the city, they were on duty frosty nights on towers, they carried water from an ice hole on the Neva, stood in lines for bread...

And they were equal in that duel of nobility, when the elders tried to quietly give their share to the younger ones, and the younger ones did the same in relation to the elders. And it’s hard to understand who died more in this fight".

The whole world was shocked by the diary of the little Leningrad girl Tanya Savicheva: “Grandma died on January 25...”, “Uncle Alyosha on May 10...”, “Mom on May 13 at 7.30 in the morning...”, “Everyone died. Tanya is the only one left." The notes of this girl, who died in 1945 during evacuation, became one of the formidable accusations against fascism, one of the symbols of the blockade.

They had a special childhood, scorched by the war, during the siege. They grew up in conditions of hunger and cold, under the whistling and explosions of shells and bombs. It was its own world, with special difficulties and joys, with its own scale of values. Open today the monograph “Children of the Siege Draw.”

Shurik Ignatiev, three and a half years old, on May 23, 1942, in kindergarten, covered his piece of paper with random pencil scribbles with a small oval in the center. “What did you draw!” – asked the teacher. He replied: “This is war, that’s all, and there’s a bun in the middle. I don’t know anything else.” They were the same blockade runners as adults.” And they died the same way.

The only transport route connecting the city with the rear regions of the country was the “Road of Life”, laid through Lake Ladoga. During the days of the blockade along this road from September 1941 to November 1943, it was possible to evacuate 1 million 376 thousand Leningraders, mostly women, children and the elderly. The war scattered them to different parts of the Union, their fates turned out differently, and many did not return back.

Existence in a besieged city was unthinkable without hard, everyday work. Children were also workers. They managed to distribute their forces in such a way that they were enough not only for family, but also for public affairs. Pioneers delivered mail to homes. When the bugle sounded in the yard, we had to go down to get the letter. They sawed wood and carried water to the families of the Red Army soldiers. They mended linen for the wounded and performed for them in hospitals. The city could not protect children from malnutrition and exhaustion, but nevertheless, everything possible was done for them.

Despite the harsh situation of the front-line city, the Leningrad City Party Committee and the City Council of Workers' Deputies decided to continue educating children. At the end of October 1941, 60 thousand schoolchildren in grades 1-4 began training sessions in bomb shelters of schools and households, and since November 3, in 103 schools in Leningrad, more than 30 thousand students in grades 1-4 sat down at their desks.

In conditions besieged Leningrad it was necessary to connect training with the defense of the city, to teach students to overcome difficulties and hardships that arose at every step and grew every day. And the Leningrad school coped with this difficult task with honor. The classes took place in an unusual environment. Often during a lesson, a siren would sound, signaling another bombing or shelling.

The students quickly and orderly descended into the bomb shelter, where classes continued. Teachers had two lesson plans for the day: one for working in normal conditions, the other - in case of shelling or bombing. The training was conducted in an abbreviated manner curriculum, which included only the basic items. Each teacher strived to conduct classes with students as accessible, interesting, and meaningful as possible.

"I’m preparing for lessons in a new way,” K.V., a history teacher at School No. 239, wrote in her diary in the fall of 1941. Polzikova - Nothing superfluous, a spare, clear story. It is difficult for children to prepare homework; This means you need to help them in class. We don’t keep any notes in notebooks: it’s hard. But the story must be interesting. Oh, how necessary it is! Children have so much trouble in their souls, so much anxiety, that they will not listen to dull speech. And you can’t show them how difficult it is for you either.”.

Studying in the harsh winter conditions was a feat. Teachers and students produced fuel themselves, carried water on sleds, and monitored the cleanliness of the school. The schools became unusually quiet, the children stopped running and making noise during breaks, their pale and emaciated faces spoke of grave suffering. The lesson lasted 20-25 minutes: neither the teachers nor the students could stand it any longer. No records were kept, since in unheated classrooms not only the children’s thin hands froze, but also the ink froze.

Talking about this unforgettable time, students of the 7th grade of school 148 wrote in their collective diary:

"The temperature is 2-3 degrees below zero. Dim winter, the light timidly breaks through the only small glass in the only window. The students huddle close to the open door of the stove, shivering from the cold, which bursts out from under the cracks of the doors in a sharp frosty stream and runs through their entire bodies. A persistent and angry wind drives the smoke back from the street through a primitive chimney straight into the room... My eyes water, it’s hard to read, and it’s completely impossible to write. We sit in coats, galoshes, gloves and even hats... "

Students who continued to study during the harsh winter of 1941-1942 were respectfully called “winter workers.”

In addition to their meager bread ration, children received soup at school without cutting out coupons from their ration cards. With the launch of the Ladoga Ice Route, tens of thousands of schoolchildren were evacuated from the city. The year 1942 arrived. In schools, where classes did not stop, holidays were declared. And in the unforgettable January days, when the entire adult population of the city was starving, in schools, theaters, concert halls New Year parties with gifts and a hearty lunch were organized for children. For the little Leningraders it was a real big holiday.

One of the students wrote about this New Year tree: “January 6. Today there was a Christmas tree, and how magnificent! True, I almost didn’t listen to the plays: I kept thinking about lunch. Lunch was wonderful. The children ate slowly and intently, without losing a crumb. They "They knew the value of bread, for lunch they gave noodle soup, porridge, bread and jelly, everyone was very happy. This tree will remain in the memory for a long time."

There were also New Year’s gifts, as P.P., a participant in the siege, recalled them. Danilov: “From the contents of the gift, I remember candies made from flaxseed cake, gingerbread and 2 tangerines. For that time it was a very good treat.”

For students in grades 7-10, Christmas trees were arranged in the premises of the Drama Theater named after. Pushkin, Bolshoi Drama and Maly Opera Theaters. The surprise was that all the theaters had electric lighting. Brass bands played. At the Drama Theater. The play “The Noble Nest” was staged at Pushkin, and “The Three Musketeers” was staged at the Bolshoi Drama Theater. The celebration opened at the Maly Opera Theater with the performance “The Gadfly.”

And in the spring, schoolchildren began their “garden life.” In the spring of 1942, thousands of children and teenagers came to the empty, depopulated workshops of enterprises. At the age of 12-15 they became machine operators and assemblers, producing machine guns and machine guns, artillery and rocket shells.

So that they could work at machines and assembly benches, wooden stands were made for them. When, on the eve of breaking the blockade, delegations from front-line units began to arrive at enterprises, experienced soldiers swallowed tears, looking at the posters above the workplaces of boys and girls. It was written there with their own hands: “I won’t leave until I fulfill my quota!”

Hundreds of young Leningraders were awarded orders, thousands were awarded medals “For the Defense of Leningrad.” Through the entire months-long epic heroic defense They walked through the city as worthy comrades of adults. There were no events, campaigns or cases in which they did not participate.

Clearing attics, fighting "lighters", putting out fires, clearing rubble, clearing the city of snow, caring for the wounded, growing vegetables and potatoes, working on producing weapons and ammunition - children's hands were everywhere. On equal terms, with a sense of fulfilled duty, Leningrad boys and girls met with their peers - the “sons of the regiments” who received awards on the battlefields.

Photos of children who survived the siege

Abstract complex lesson using ICT and elements visual arts.

"Blockade. 71 years since the lifting of the siege of Leningrad. Hero city Leningrad.

Lesson for senior and middle groups kindergarten
Conducted by music leader N.L. Shorikova, together with group teachers.
Educational areas involved in this type of integrated lesson:
- Socially – communication development- fostering patriotism and love for one’s city;
- Artistic and aesthetic development - in visual arts. The skills of coloring, choosing colors and color schemes are strengthened;
- Cognitive development– through children receiving information about the history of the city;
- speech development– learning poetry, development fine motor skills hands
Introductory part - children enter the hall to the music of the march.
Music the leader talks about how the fate of every person is important, and that children especially suffer in war. We will watch a film about the life of one girl during the war.
Children watch the film “In memory of Tanya Savicheva. To the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Leningrad from Nazi invaders" (film duration 11 min.)

Children read poems about war:
1st child: Our city was called Leningrad
And then there was a harsh war
Under the howl of a siren and the explosion of shells
Ladoga was the “road of life”

2nd child She became the salvation of the Leningraders
And helped us win the war
So that the time of peace may come again
So that you and I clear skies live.

3rd child The snow was swirling, and our city was being bombed
There was a brutal war then
The fascist defenders won
So that every spring becomes peaceful.

4th child Surrounded by enemies during war days
The city survived the battle with the enemy
We must never forget this
We sing about the glorious city.
The song “My Battle Petersburg” is performed, lyrics and music by Smirnova (words in the Appendix)
Read a poem about today's St. Petersburg:

5th child: City of museums, wonderful palaces
City of canals, bridges, islands
City of cast iron fences on the Neva
And there is no one more beautiful than him on earth!
Adults are given a printed text of the Anthem of St. Petersburg.
Watching the film “The Official Anthem of St. Petersburg”, Alfa-Art studio, St. Petersburg, 2009, (duration 1.54)

Adults perform it to the music.
Everyone is located around the screen. A slide show is shown on the screen, showing the golden star of the Hero City.
The music leader asks the children if they know what the city was called during the war. Answers - Leningrad.
A story about the title of the City - Hero, a medal is demonstrated.
Field of study: visual arts.
Handouts are laid out on two tables, each group goes to its own table to work. On the tables there are four colors of pencils, enough for children to work with, a blank postcard with the inscription “Hero City Leningrad”, and with the text of the Anthem of St. Petersburg on the other side of the sheet..

Tasks: Make a postcard “Star of the City – Hero”
1. circle the dots to make a star.

2. Color it yellow (orange) in a color of your choice.

3. Color the die near the star red or burgundy.

Music The leader invites the children to take the postcard with them and gives them a task to work with their parents:
1. Congratulate your parents on the Day of Lifting the Siege with a hand-made postcard.
2. Learn and sing with them the Anthem of St. Petersburg.
Everyone leaves the hall to the music.

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of traditional activities (Iso) and innovative methods presentation of the material makes the lesson rich various types information, develops various aspects of intellectual and emotional sphere children. Videos and presentation materials provide an opportunity to immerse yourself in the historical environment dating back to the period of the Siege of Leningrad; demonstration of a video performance of the anthem by the Orchestra and Choir of the St. Petersburg Singing Chapel, filming a video of the city allows you to feel the atmosphere of the concert, live pictures of the city. The effect of presence in these means can only be achieved through innovative ICT.

APPLICATION:
MY PETERSBURG COMBAT
Sl. and muses M.V. Sidorova
1. The Baltic wind is blowing in our faces
Just like during the war years
The besieged city was surrounded by a ring
But he didn’t bow his head - 2p.
Chorus:
My city, you are invincible
And you did not surrender to the enemy
Even though he was wounded by bullets
Bombing on the Ladoga ice.
1. The eternal flame burns tirelessly
Every dead person is a hero
My city keeps the memory of the fallen
My Petersburg is fighting.
Chorus: - the same

ANTHEM OF ST. PETERSBURG
Music Gliera, Sl. Chuprova
Sovereign city, rise above the Neva,
Like a wondrous temple, you are open to hearts!
Shine for centuries with living beauty,
Your breath Bronze Horseman stores.

Indestructible - you were able in dashing years
Overcome all storms and winds!
With a sea soul
Immortal like Russia
Sail, frigate, under the sail of Peter!

St. Petersburg, stay forever young!
The coming day is illuminated by you.
So flourish, our beautiful city!
It is a great honor to live with one destiny!

Presentation on the topic: Siege of Leningrad

Hello, Dear friends! A date is approaching that I, as a resident of St. Petersburg, cannot pass by. January 27th is the Day of lifting the siege of Leningrad. And if we, adults, still remember the stories about the blockade that we heard from veterans, then our children will learn everything from us. Should we tell children about the siege of Leningrad? Undoubtedly! We must keep our history intact in memory of our ancestors, out of respect for them and for ourselves.

If you have not yet told your child about the war, then I suggest you first read the article: . IN general outline, accessible language it tells about the Great Patriotic War generally. After this, it will be possible to begin the story about the siege of Leningrad.

About the siege of Leningrad for children

Savichevs

In one beautiful city, Leningrad, lived happy girl Tanya. Now this city is called St. Petersburg. Tanya was the youngest of five (three more died before Tanya’s birth from scarlet fever) and the most beloved child in the Savichev family. Dad, Nikolai Rodionovich, was a baker (in tsarist times he owned a bakery, a confectionery shop and even a cinema), and mother, Maria Ignatievna, worked as a dressmaker in the sewing “Artel named after May 1” and was considered one of the best embroiderers.

Of course, my mother sewed beautiful, fashionable clothes for her children. And the house was decorated and created coziness with intricate napkins, elegant curtains, and elegant tablecloths. Even after the death of Tanya’s father, my mother’s income alone was enough to raise five children.

Everyone in the Savichev family was musically gifted, especially brother Leonid, so there were many instruments in the Savichev house and cheerful amateur concerts were constantly taking place. Leonid and Mikhail played, mom and Tanya sang, the rest kept in tune. It was a friendly, creative, enthusiastic family.

In May 1941, Tanya graduated from third grade, and the Savichevs were going to spend the summer at Lake Peipsi, in his homeland, in the village of Dvorishchi. The outbreak of war changed not only plans, but also the entire life of the once happy family. On this day, grandmother Evdokia Andreevna turned seventy-four years old; the family wanted to leave after celebrating her birthday.

Everyone except brother Mikhail (he left on June 21st) remained in Leningrad and decided to help the Army. The men went to the military registration and enlistment office. However, Leonid was refused due to poor eyesight, and his uncles, Vasily and Alexey, were not suitable in age. Only Mikhail was in the army. After the Germans captured Pskov in July 1941, he became a partisan behind enemy lines. His relatives considered him dead, since he had the opportunity to convey news to them from himself.

Sister Nina went to dig trenches in Rybatskoye, Kolpino, Shushary (near Leningrad), after which she began to watch the tower of the air surveillance post. Zhenya, secretly from her grandmother and mother, began to donate blood to save wounded soldiers and commanders. Leonid worked two shifts at the Admiralty plant. Maria Ignatievna was sent to produce military uniforms. Tanya, along with other children, helped the adults clear the basements of garbage, put out lighters, and dig trenches.

Siege of Leningrad - 900 days of hell

The offensive against Leningrad began immediately, in 1941. Hitler failed to take and destroy the city as he wanted, and then he promised to “strangle Leningrad with hunger and raze it to the ground.” The blockade ring tightened around Leningrad on September 8, 1941, and on September 13, artillery shelling began, which actually continued throughout the war.

***A blockade is an encirclement, a siege of a city by enemy troops attacking the country. This is done in order to cut off the residents of the city from the outside world, to deprive them of the opportunity to receive food and other goods, since the enemy does not allow anyone into or out of the besieged city. And Leningrad, on top of everything else, was regularly shelled and bombed.

The enemy expects that the people, broken by hunger and other troubles, will surrender or there will be so few of them left that the enemy will freely enter the city, thus capturing it.

It was estimated that during the entire blockade, at least a hundred thousand bombs and about 150 thousand shells were dropped on the heads of the city residents. All this led to both massive deaths of civilians and catastrophic destruction of the most valuable architectural and historical heritage.

In the first months of the blockade, 1,500 loudspeakers were installed on the streets of Leningrad. People were informed about raids and air raid warnings over the radio network. The terrible howl of a siren chilled the blood. They hid from bombings in bomb shelters, which were located in the basements of houses suitable for this purpose, in the underground part of the metro.

At that time, there were about three million inhabitants left in the besieged city. Among them were about 400 thousand children. Almost immediately problems with food began. The first year was the most difficult: German artillery managed to bomb food warehouses, as a result of which the city was almost completely deprived of food supplies. Constant stress and fear from bombings and shelling, a lack of medicine and food soon led to the fact that the townspeople began to die.

Hunger

From the very first days of September, food cards were introduced in the city. All canteens and restaurants were immediately closed. Livestock owned by local enterprises Agriculture, was immediately slaughtered and delivered to procurement points. All feed of grain origin was taken to flour mills and ground into flour, which was subsequently used to make bread.

Citizens who were in hospitals during the blockade had their rations cut out from their coupons for that period. The same procedure applied to children who were in orphanages and preschool educational institutions. Almost all schools have canceled classes. However, they still tried to carry them out. This mainly happened in bomb shelters. In one of the school notebooks found, it is not school written in a child's hand, but serial number bomb shelters.

Famine was approaching inexorably. Already on November 20, 1941, the grain allowance was only 250 grams per day for workers. As for dependents, women, children and the elderly, they were entitled to half as much - 125 grams. At first, the workers, who saw the condition of their relatives and friends, brought their rations home and shared them with them. But this practice was soon put to an end: people were ordered to eat their portion of bread directly at the enterprise, under supervision.

***For comparison, hold two eggs (not small ones) in your hands. So, they weigh approximately 125 grams.

It should be understood that “bread” in this case meant a small piece of sticky mass, which contained much more bran, sawdust and other fillers than flour itself. Accordingly, the nutritional value of such food was close to zero.

In addition, for this small piece it was necessary to stand in a queue for many hours in the cold, which was occupied early in the morning. There were days when, due to constant bombing, bakeries did not work and mothers returned home with nothing, where hungry children were waiting for them.

There were practically no other products. People were tearing off the wallpaper, back side of which the remains of the paste were preserved, soup was prepared from them. Jelly was made from wood glue. Leather boots and shoes were cut into pieces and boiled.

Children of that time did not dream of something tasty. The unattainable desire was that food, which they might, being capricious, refuse in times of peace.

During the winter of 1941–1942 and the increase in mortality from exhaustion, the number of children who lost their parents began to increase every day. Mothers and grandmothers gave their rations of bread to their children and died from exhaustion.

Children under siege

During the siege, children were practically neglected. Parents and older brothers and sisters worked almost 24 hours a day in factories, many of them died, and other relatives also died. This often happened in front of children. Often, if strength and age allowed, children had to bury their loved ones themselves. Many guys helped adults, no one wanted to stay on the sidelines.

Alexander Fadeev in his travel notes “In the Days of the Siege” wrote: “Children of school age can be proud that they defended Leningrad together with their fathers, mothers, older brothers and sisters.”

During an air raid, when city residents were hiding in bomb shelters, detachment fighters were on duty on the roofs of houses and schools air defense. Children helped them. The “lighter,” which hissed and splashed, was quickly grabbed with long tongs and extinguished by putting it in a box of sand or throwing it down to the ground. We couldn’t miss a second, so we had to move quickly along the sloping and slippery roof. The nimble guys did it well. There could have been hundreds of times more fires if the children had not lubricated the wooden attic floors with a special anti-fire mixture developed by Leningrad scientists.

Young Leningraders stood at the factory machines, replacing the adults who had died or gone to the front. At the age of 12-15, children made parts for machine guns, machine guns, and artillery shells. So that the guys could work at the machines, wooden stands were made for them. No one counted how long a child’s working day lasted.

From spring to late autumn in 1942-44, schoolchildren worked in state farm fields to provide the city with vegetables. Vegetable gardens were also bombed. When the raid began, the teachers shouted and took off their panama hats and lay face down on the ground. There was everything: heat, rain, frost, and dirt. The guys exceeded the norm by two or three times and collected record harvests.

Schoolchildren came to the hospital to see the wounded. They cleaned the wards and fed the seriously wounded. They sang songs to them, read poems to them, and wrote letters under dictation. We prepared firewood for the hospital.

Cold

To top off all the problems, the city water supply system completely failed, as a result of which the townspeople had to carry water from the Neva or Fontanka. In addition, the winter of 1941 itself turned out to be extremely harsh, so doctors simply could not cope with the influx of frostbitten and cold people, whose immunity was unable to resist infections.

In the book “Memoirs” by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev, it is said about the years of the blockade:

“The cold was somehow internal. It permeated everything through and through. The body produced too little heat.

The human mind was dying in last resort. If your arms and legs have already refused to serve you, if your fingers can no longer button the buttons of your coat, if a person no longer has any strength to cover your mouth with a scarf, if the skin around the mouth has become dark, if the face has become like a dead man’s skull with bared front teeth - the brain continued working. People wrote diaries and believed that they would be able to live another day.”

No fuel was supplied. To heat apartments, people who were able to find metal and had someone to make it used homemade stoves called “potbelly stoves.” There was no firewood, so they burned furniture, books, and parquet. Perhaps these ovens were named so precisely because they were not accessible to everyone.

By mid-winter 1941, there were no cats or dogs left on the streets of Leningrad; there were practically no crows or rats. All the trees in city squares had lost most of their bark and young branches: they were collected, ground and added to flour, just to increase its volume a little.

And only in the spring of 1942, due to warming and improved nutrition, the number of sudden deaths on the streets of the city. In March 1942, the entire working population came out to clear the city of garbage.

In September 1942, schools reopened in the city. There were fewer students in each class, many died from shelling and starvation. The schools became unusually quiet; exhausted, hungry children stopped running around and making noise during breaks. And the first time, when two boys fought during recess, the teachers did not scold them, but were happy. “So our children are coming to life.”

The road of life

The real “pulse” of the besieged city was the Road of Life. It was in the summer waterway along the waters of Lake Ladoga, and in winter this role was played by its frozen surface. The first barges with food passed through the lake on September 12th. Navigation continued until the thickness of the ice made it impossible for ships to pass.

Each flight of the sailors was a feat, since the German planes did not stop the hunt for a minute. We had to go on flights every day, no matter what weather conditions. As we have already said, cargo was first sent across ice on November 22. It was a horse-drawn train. After just a couple of days, when the ice thickness became more or less sufficient, the trucks set off.

At the cost of life, the evacuation of residents was also carried out.

“The Savichevs died. Everyone died. Only Tanya left"

Sister Zhenya worked 2 shifts at the plant. She also donated blood for wounded soldiers, but she didn’t have enough strength and died right at the factory. Probably, in order not to forget the date of Zhenya’s death, Tanya decided to write it down and took Nina’s notebook. On the page under the letter “F” she wrote:

Soon my grandmother died. She was diagnosed with third degree nutritional dystrophy. This condition required urgent hospitalization, but Evdokia refused, citing the fact that Leningrad hospitals were already overcrowded. In Nina’s book, on the page with the letter “B”, Tanya wrote:

On February 28, 1942, Nina did not return from work. That day there was heavy shelling, people at home were worried and waiting. Then, when all the waiting periods had passed, the mother gave Tanya, in memory of her sister, that very small notebook of Nina, in which the girl, starting in December 1941, wrote down the dates of death of her relatives who died of hunger.

They did not know then that Nina, along with the entire enterprise where she worked, was hastily evacuated across Lake Ladoga to " Big Earth" Letters almost never went to besieged Leningrad, and Nina, like Mikhail, could not convey any news to her family. Tanya never wrote down her sister and brother in her diary, perhaps hoping that they were alive.

Leonid, working at the Admiralty plant day and night, rarely came home, although the plant was not far from home - on the opposite bank of the Neva. Like Zhenya, he often had to spend the night at the enterprise; he worked two shifts in a row.

In the “History of the Admiralty Plant” there are the following lines: “Leonid Savichev worked very diligently, although he was exhausted. One day he didn’t show up for his shift at the shop, they reported that he had died...” He was only 24 years old. On the letter “L” Tanya, combining the words “hours” and “morning” into one, wrote:

On April 3, at the age of 56, Vasily died. Tanya made a corresponding entry on the letter “D”, which turned out not very correct and confusing:

Shortly before his death, Alexey Savichev was given the same diagnosis as Evdokia - the third degree of nutritional dystrophy, and at the same time so advanced that even hospitalization could not save him. The page starting with the letter “L” was already occupied by an entry about Leonid, so Tanya made an entry on the left-hand spread. For unknown reasons, Tanya somehow missed the word “died”:

Maria Savicheva died on the morning of May 13th. On the piece of paper under the letter “M” Tanya made a corresponding entry and for some reason she also missed the word “died”:

Obviously, with the death of her mother, Tanya lost hope that Mikhail and Nina were alive, because on the letters “C”, “U” and “O” she wrote:

“The Savichevs are dead.”

"Everyone died."

“There’s only Tanya left.”

In the summer of 1942, the girl was evacuated from Leningrad along with other Leningrad children exhausted by hunger to the Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod) region, to the village of Shatki.

Residents fed and warmed the orphans. Many of them got stronger and got back on their feet. But Tanya never got up. On July 1, 1944, at the age of 14, Tanya Savicheva died in the hospital from an incurable disease - progressive dystrophy. She became the only one who died of all the children who arrived at orphanage No. 48, where she ended up after the death of her mother.

Tannin records are cut out and on gray stone monument “Flower of Life”, near St. Petersburg, on the third kilometer of the blockade “Road of Life”.

Breakthrough

It became possible to break through the enemy ring on January 18, 1943. The task of the troops was to break through the German defense at its thinnest point in order to restore the city’s land communication with the rest of the country. On this day, Shlisselburg was liberated and the entire southern coast of Lake Ladoga was cleared of the enemy. A corridor 8-11 kilometers wide, cut along the coast, restored the land connection between Leningrad and the country.

After the breakthrough, the siege of Leningrad by enemy troops and navy continued. The lifting of the blockade of Leningrad began on January 14, 1944. But only a year later, on January 27, 1944, it came, probably the most memorable day for today's St. Petersburg residents - the day the siege of Leningrad was lifted. The operation, called “January Thunder,” drove the enemy many kilometers from the city border.

Statistics and facts

The terrible blockade lasted 900 (or rather 871) days and nights. According to recent studies, for the first, most tough year more than 700 thousand Leningraders died during the blockade, and total According to the latest data, more than a million people died over these years. It should be noted that only 3-4 percent of them died from bombing; mostly people died from hunger and cold.

During the blockade, 1.5 million people were evacuated from the city. On May 1, 1943, the city's population was 640 thousand people.

Strength of mind

Just think! During the siege, the production of military products at the factories did not stop for a day. Everyone worked - men, women, old people, teenagers, children - in a semi-fainting state from hunger. The constant bombing of the Kirov plant did not become an obstacle either. If in September-October an air raid alert, during which everyone left their jobs and hid in shelters, was announced in the presence of any number of enemy aircraft, then it was soon decided not to leave work when 1-2 aviators raided. The homeland needed weapons, everyone understood this perfectly well...

In addition, a conservatory operated in the besieged city, theaters gave performances, and films were shown. And in 1942, no matter what, they held New Year's school parties. Music sounded in the frozen dark city, and artists performed for the children. But the main thing is that the invitation cards said that they would have lunch. The guys received a small portion of soup and porridge - luxurious food for that time. They also managed to bring tangerines to the city and distributed them to children. This was the best gift from Santa Claus. They carried him home, clutching him under clothes, to his mother, younger brothers and sisters.

This is the power of the spirit!

January 27 is officially the Day military glory Russia - Day of the complete liberation of Leningrad from the fascist blockade.

To the children of besieged Leningrad

During my short journey on earth
The kid from Leningrad found out
Bombs exploding, sirens howling
And the terrible word is BLOCKADE.

His frozen tear
In the frozen darkness of the apartment -
The pain that cannot be expressed
At the last moment of farewell to the world...

***
Your soul soared into the sky
Hungry leaving the body.
And the mother carried a crust of bread
For you, son... I didn’t have time...

***
The baby is sleeping, hugging a toy -
Long-eared puppy.
In a soft cloud - pillow
Dreams descended from above.

Don't wake him up, don't, -
May the moment of happiness last.
About the war and the blockade
He doesn't learn from books...

The child is sleeping. Above the Neva
White birds are circling:
On a long journey behind you
The cranes are collecting...

(Elena Kokovkina)

Peace to all of us, God bless!

With warmth and love, .