How to make sound letter parsing of a word. Sound-letter analysis of words

Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies the sound system of a language and the sounds of speech in general. Phonetics is the science of combining sounds in speech.

Phonetic analysis, or sound-letter, is an analysis of the structure of syllables and sound system the words. This analysis is proposed to be done as an exercise for educational purposes.

Analysis means:

counting the number of letters;
determining the number of sounds in a word;
stress setting;
distribution of sounds into consonants and vowels;
classification of each sound;
compilation of transcription (graphic form of the word).

When parsing, it is important to distinguish between the concepts of "letter" and "sound". After all, the first correspond spelling rules, and the second - speech (that is, sounds are analyzed in terms of pronunciation).

Before proceeding with the sound-letter analysis, you should remember

There are ten vowels in Russian:

The first five indicate that the preceding consonant is hard, while the second is soft.

And twenty-one consonants:

voiced unpaired sounds	[Y']	[L]	[M]	[N]	[R]
deaf unpaired	[X]	[C]	[h']	[SCH']
voiced paired	[B]	[AT]	[G]	[D]	[W]	[B]
deaf pairs	[P]	[F]	[TO]	[T]	[W]	[WITH]

Voiced consonants are called, which are formed with the participation of sound, and deaf - with the help of noise. Paired consonants are those that form a deaf / voiced pair. For example, [B] / [P], [V] / [F], [G] / [K]. Unpaired - those that do not form a pair: [L], [M], [P].

At phonetic analysis words it is worth remembering that the consonants [H '], [U'], [Y '] are always soft, regardless of which vowel forms a syllable with them. Consonants [Ж], [Ш] and [Ц] are always solid.

[Y ’], [L], [L ’], [M], [M ’], [N], [N ’], [P], [P ’] - sonorous sounds. This means that when pronouncing these consonants, the sound is formed mainly by voice, but not by noise. All sonorants are sonorous sounds.

In the Russian alphabet there are also letters b, b. They don't make sound. b ( soft sign) serves to soften the consonants after which it is placed. b ( solid mark) has a separating function.

Sound Parsing Rules

The transcription is recorded in square brackets: .
The softness of the sound is indicated by the symbol "'".
Before the deaf, voiced consonants are deafened: nails - [noct'i].
The sounds [s], [h] in word prefixes are softened: disconnect - [raz’y’ed’in’it’].
Some consonants in words are not readable: bone - [inert '].
The combination of the letters "sch", "zch" are read as "u": happiness - [sh'ast'y'e].
The doubled consonant is indicated by ":": gradual - [past'ip'en: y'].

An example of sound-letter parsing of a word

Write the word according to the spelling rules.
Divide the word into syllables.
Mark the stressed syllable.
Say the word aloud and, based on this, perform transcription.
Describe the vowel sounds in order, indicate which of them are stressed and which are unstressed. Describe consonants. Describe them: paired / unpaired, voiced / deaf, hard / soft.
Count the number of sounds and letters in a word.

Examples of phonetic parsing

For the example below, words with the most interesting options phonetic parsing.

As soon as the child learns the first letters, school teachers unobtrusively and patiently prepare him for the study of phonetics. The teacher pronounces the sentence clearly, slowly, in a stretch, in syllables and emphasizes the necessary vowels. Children learn to listen to the sound, pronunciation and meaning of words and repeat them correctly.

The Russian language has a specific definition: phonetics (from the Greek φωνή - “sound”, φωνηεντικός - “sound”) is a subdivision of linguistics that studies speech and explains the sound structure of the language (sound combinations, syllables and rules for constructing speech).

Phonetic analysis consists in dividing the word into syllables, putting the stress correctly, giving a detailed description of each letter and sound according to the established rules. It is not necessary that their number match, some letters, depending on the location in the word, form two sounds at once, and there are also letters such as “ь” and “ъ”, which are not sounds at all, but affect the characteristics of consonants, next to which they are.

The population of Russia is represented large quantity peoples with different languages and dialects. Therefore, the sound analysis in the regions may differ. The same word sometimes sounds differently - for example, northern peoples used to okat, in some areas the letters “g” and “t” are pronounced differently. For example, a resident of central Russia will sing the word: “ha-ra-sho”, while in the northern Volga region and in the Kirov region they will clearly spell: “ho-ro-sho”.

The first thing to start phonetic parsing is the study of sounds, finding stressed and unstressed vowels. At the end of the study of the alphabet, the teacher shows the children how to group letters and sounds in order to further make phonetic analysis.

The letters of the Russian alphabet are divided into vowels and consonants. According to some recommendations, th (and short) should be considered a semi-vowel sound.

Vowels, in turn, can be stressed and unstressed: you can correctly place the stress in a word using a dictionary; consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless. Deaf - those that are pronounced as if in a whisper: x, p, t, f, x, h, w, u, c, voiced - d, k, n, g, s, c, r, l, d, f, m, b. Consonant sounds, depending on the location in words, have the properties of being soft and hard. If the consonants are after the vowels: e, i, e, i, u and the letters “b”, they are considered soft, if after other vowels they are hard.

Diagram of phonetic analysis

The words indicated by the teacher are written out from the text, and then, already through a hyphen, they are written with a breakdown by syllables. The stress is placed, all letters are written in a column, next to them - in square brackets - the word is written in sound or in the form as it is heard, a line is drawn and the final result is calculated. Next is the analysis sound-letter analysis. The difference between sounds and letters in a word can be quantitative, that is, deviations can be in any direction, and qualitative.

Examples of parsing words by phonetic feature

How to parse a word correctly and consistently phonetic feature can be seen in examples:

Example #1

How to make sound letter parsing the words "spring"

Spring - weight-on - 2 syllables;

B - [c] - acc., deaf, soft (after c there is a sound e);

e - [e] - vowel, unstressed;

s - [s] - acc., deaf, hard;

n - [n] - acc., voiced, deaf;

a - [a] - ch., percussion.

5 - or 5 points, 5 stars;

AT this example the number of letters and sounds is the same, but after “v” one hears and pronounces “e”, because such sounds as: e, i, u do not exist.

Example #2

Autumn - o-sen - 2 syllables;

5 B. and 4 stars, emphasis on "o".

In the word "autumn" the difference in the number of letters and sounds was formed because the "b" softens the consonant in front, while the soft sign itself is not a sound.

Example #3

Berry - I-go-yes - 3 syllables, "I" - stressed;

"Berry" - 5 p. and 6 stars.

This is because the letter "I" initially forms two sounds at once: "y" and "a".

Example #4

Campaign - walk - 2 syllables, stress - the second "o";

This example is interesting in that, with the same number of letters and sounds, in this case pronunciation is drastically different from spelling. We hear "plowing", we write "hike".

Example #5

Holiday - holiday-nickname, "a" with an accent.

In this case, the letter “d” is completely lost during sound pronunciation.

Good teacher explaining how to do it right sound-letter parsing, will be able to interest students with original examples, captivate with letter analysis unfamiliar expressions, deeper acquaint with the peculiarities of speech and dialects of peoples different regions, to show that phonetics is not a boring science, and the study of the Russian language allows you not only to learn how to write correctly, but also to expand your horizons and intellect.

Video

Using this video as an example, you will learn how to correctly do phonetic parsing of words.

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In this article we will talk about the sound-letter analysis of the word. To do this, consider the main components of this analysis.

To make a correct sound-letter parsing of a word, you need to know some sections of the modern Russian language, such as phonetics and orthoepy, as well as have an understanding of transcription and the relationship between sounds and letters.

Phonetics

Phonetics (from the Greek Phone - sound) is a branch of the science of language that studies the sounds and letters of speech.

Sound

chief subject of study phonetics are sounds - the smallest units speech flow that make up words in a language.

The sounds of speech in writing are indicated as follows: [a], [s], [d "], [g], [i], [m], [n].

Individual sounds, unlike words and sentences, do not have any meaning ([o], [y], [n], [s], [d], [i], [k], [m]), but words and their significant parts arise from them.

Words are divided according to the number of sounds from which they are created, the set of these sounds and their sequence.

The sound system of the Russian language has 43 sounds: 37 of them are consonants and only 6 are vowels.

How Sound Is Made

According to the method of creation, Russian sounds and letters are divided into vowels and consonants.

Vowels are sounds that are produced by the voice. When pronouncing vowels a stream of air, leaving the lungs and passing through the larynx, causes the vibration of closed, tense vocal cords.

Consonants- these are sounds that arise with the help of voice and noise or only noise. When a consonant is pronounced vocal cords can be in tension and vibrate under the pressure of the air jet, forming musical tone(voice), or they can be relaxed and freely pass the exhaled air.

All words are divided into syllables. A syllable is the smallest spoken unit. A syllable can be formed from one or more sounds, one of which must be a vowel. Vowels act as syllable-forming (components) and form the top of the syllable. The number of vowels in a word determines the number of syllables in it. The consonants are not syllabic.

Orthoepy

Orthoepy (from Latin Orthos - straight, correct, even and Epos - word, speech) is a field of language science that studies pronunciation norms and stress rules.

In order for the sound-letter analysis of a word to be done correctly, you need to know some features of the pronunciation of sounds.

Pronunciation of vowels

Russian vowels in stressed positions sound clear and distinct.

The vowels [s], [i], [y] in unstressed syllables are pronounced just as clearly and clearly.

Unstressed [e] when pronunciation approaches [s] ( [sh] stop), as well as unstressed [e] approaches [and].

The unstressed sound [o], like the percussion one, is also pronounced loudly, turning into [a]: station - in [a] kzal.

Pronunciation of consonants

AT verb forms the only and plural 3rd person present tense letter combination [tsya] is pronounced like [ts"]: approach - approach [c "] i.

Voiced consonants [b], [d], [c], [g], [g], [h] before vowels, as a rule, retain their voice.

Voiced consonants in the middle of a word before the deaf and at the end of the word are stunned: cork - pro[p]ka, enemy-vra[k].

In some words, the sound [g] is pronounced like [x]: soft - soft [x] cue.

If the whistling consonant [s] is in front of the hissing [w] and [h], it is pronounced as a deaf hissing [u]: happiness - [n]astye.

Consonant combinations [tch], [dh] and [tts], [dts], correspond to whistling sounds [h "], [ts]: pilot - le[h "]ik.

Sonorant consonants [l], [m], [n], [p], [th], which do not have deaf correspondences, are usually pronounced the same way as they are written.

In order for the sound-letter analysis of a word to be correct, it is necessary to know the basic rules for recording phonetic transcription.

Phonetic transcription

Transcription (from lat. Transcriptio - rewriting) - a special way sound recordings in perfect harmony with their sound.

The phonetic alphabet is a system of letters and additional signs with which a living language is written.

Basic rules for recording phonetic transcriptions:

soft and hard sign, as well as letters i, yu, e, yo not used in transcription;
each sound corresponds to a separate transcription letter (sometimes along with auxiliary designations);
in each word, which is written in the form of a phonetic transcription, if it has more than one syllable, stress is placed;
capital letters are not used in transcription, all words are written with a lowercase letter.

Ratio between letters and sounds

Most of the letters correspond to one sound. However, a letter can also convey 2 sounds, for example:
1. The letter u conveys a combination of 2 sounds [w] + [h].
2. The letter ё always means two sounds [th] and [o].
3. Letters i, yu, e can transmit one sound at a time - [a], [y], [e], when used to indicate the softness of consonants, as well as two sounds when they speak:
- at the beginning of a word
- at the beginning of a syllable after a vowel;
- for hard and soft signs.

The softness of consonants is transmitted using letters b, i, e.

The hardness of consonant sounds is not reflected in the letter, and a solid sign is used for separate pronunciation.

A special scheme is used to parse the word.

Sound-letter word analysis

The use of word analysis helps to reveal it internal structure and organization.

The parsing scheme is as follows:

Write down the words.
Indicate the number of letters in it, name each letter.
Divide the word into syllables, describe each syllable.
write down the word phonetic transcription, indicate how many sounds are in it, name each sound. If the number of sounds and letters does not match, explain why.
Perform phonetic analysis, writing down each sound in order and giving it a description.
Analyze the word from the point of view phonetic changes: indicate the possibility of alternating or simplifying groups of consonants.

Let's make a sound-letter analysis of the word:

Magic - [ma g and ya] - 3 syllables, 5 letters, 6 sounds;
m [m] - the sound is voiced, solid, unpaired, consonant;
a [a] - shock sound, vowel;
g [g] - voiced sound, soft, consonant;
and [and] - unstressed sound, vowel;
i stands for two sounds:

- [th] - the sound is voiced, soft, consonant;
- [a] - unstressed sound, vowel.

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