What does a sloping forehead mean? Convex forehead and eyes in a child: should I be worried? Homework for parents

Of great importance in the formation of the head and face of a person is his "heavenly part" - the forehead, which since ancient times was considered one of the main decorations of the face. To create the impression of a significant height of the forehead, in the old days, Japanese women shaved off their eyebrows and drew them at the level of the hair.

It is known that frontal bone is formed under the pressure of the growing brain and all its convolutions, taking on one or another configuration over time. Therefore, the development of the brain affects the shape of the skull, forehead and face, however, apparently there is some truth in the words of A.S. Pushkin: "I heard the truth happened that the forehead is wide, but the brain is small!". There is a very common misconception that big forehead always testifies to big mind, although there are numerous examples of this connection (Napoleon - I, Washington, Einstein), but even idiots can have a very large forehead. The fact of the connection between the shape of the forehead and the character of a person is considered to be proven.

Rice. 7 Forehead shapes

Much greater value have the proportions and correspondence of the forehead to other parts of the face, including bumpiness or smoothness, symmetry, softness or hardness of the skin, folds, wrinkles.

A bumpy forehead with symmetrical bumps, square or rectangular in shape on both sides, is a sign of natural mental abilities.

wide and high forehead considered auspicious for men and unfavorable for women.
According to physiognomists, a forehead protruding forward at the top and retreating back at the bottom indicates very limited abilities.

Rough brow ridges give the forehead, and the face as a whole, an unfavorable appearance, reducing other positive signs.
A rounded forehead often indicates the softness and refinement of nature.

A high, but not very wide forehead is inherent in proud and vain individuals, and a wide and low forehead indicates a sober mind.
A low and narrow forehead against the background of other proportionally developed parts of the face is considered a sign of limitation, and a small straight forehead is considered cunning and insidiousness.

Slightly protruding forward and slightly concave upward forehead, covered with smooth and soft skin, on beautiful face, testifies to the spirituality of nature.

Straight, without superciliary arches, perpendicular and high forehead, combined with mobile eyes located on the same level with it and a firm gaze, belongs to people with irritable, but with a clear mind. In combination with a short, straight nose, such a forehead often belongs to fanatical people.

Rich information is laid in the process of life in the forehead skin relief, in the form of permanent or temporary lines, folds and wrinkles. varying degrees expressiveness, configuration, orientation and location. The higher the mobility of the skin of the face, depending on the work of the mimic muscles underlying it, the more emotional the nature, the larger footprint stays on the skin. Tommaseo owns the expression: "Great thoughts smooth the forehead", and it explains the absence of wrinkles in people the highest intellect, great willpower and composure. To illustrate this fact, they usually cite as an example Napoleon, who did not have a single wrinkle on his forehead. Wrinkles on the forehead of a young man are always a sign, if not of an evil disposition, then of physical and intellectual weakness.

Oblique and broken lines on the forehead are evidence of insufficient development, low culture and deceitful nature.
If two or three almost straight lines pass on the forehead, not interrupted in the middle, this is a sign of good character, high culture and a sound mind.

This disease is characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid near the child's brain.

At certain form hydrocephalus symptoms in infants are simply impossible not to notice. Therefore, both the doctor and the parents are only getting used to the idea that they will have a long and difficult treatment for the crumbs.

Types and signs of the disease

I would like to note right away that there are three types of hydrocephalus at the location: internal, external and mixed. It is visually impossible to determine the first type at birth. Only with further observation of the child will it be possible to notice that something is wrong with the baby. External hydrocephalus immediately speaks for itself. She gives herself away by the fact that the baby is born with an enlarged head, which often leads to complications during childbirth. This type of disease is determined by ultrasound during intrauterine examination of the fetus. A mixed species may consist of various features of the first and second types.

Signs of external hydrocephalus

At birth, the following symptoms indicate cerebral hydrocephalus in children:

Big head. Normal head circumference at birth is 33.0-37.5 cm.
A symptom of the “setting sun” appears: the eyeballs are displaced under the lower eyelid.
Protruding fontanel. Normally, it is flat, but in this case, parents will immediately see that it is, as it were, “puffed up”.
At the temples, one can observe a well-defined venous network, which can extend to the forehead of the baby.
The frontal lobe of the child's head protrudes strongly forward.
Very thin skin on the head. This symptom is called "marbled skin".

All these signs refer to external hydrocephalus in children, which very often frighten new parents. The causes of the birth of babies with this disease can be intrauterine infections and hereditary syndromes.

Symptoms of internal hydrocephalus

Internal and mixed view hydrocephalus is not easy to detect and only a highly qualified doctor can do this.

Signs of internal hydrocephalus in children are manifested in the following:

Baby sleepiness. A child can sleep for a long time and it can be quite difficult to wake him up.
Capriciousness and poor appetite.
Frequent vomiting.
Cramps of the limbs, tremor of the chin.
Vision problems and chaotic movement of the eyeballs.

The further the baby grows, the more his head will increase. For children of this age, measuring the circumference of the head is a mandatory procedure every month. The increase in head volume should not exceed 3 cm per month. You should also pay attention to the proportionality of the chest and head. The latter should not be too big. In addition, with the disease, there will be a developmental lag from their peers. The child will not respond with interest to his mother and father, and will also be prone to obesity. Signs of hydrocephalus in children under one year old can be called if the baby:

does not hold his head at the age of three months;
does not roll over;
indifferent to toys;
sedentary.

Symptoms of mixed hydrocephalus

Signs of mixed hydrocephalus in a child can be completely diverse. For example, a protruding forehead and apathy towards the outside world, or eyes with a "symptom of the setting sun" and poor appetite. Here, not a single doctor will be able to say why one child has such signs, and the other is completely different.

To avoid a situation where your baby may have an acquired form of this disease, try to avoid injuries to the child's skull.

The first signs of hydrocephalus in children can be different. It all depends on what kind of disease it is and in what form it occurs. As soon as you find signs of hydrocephalus, without hesitation, you should consult a doctor. And to confirm the diagnosis, you will definitely be prescribed the following tests: tomography, ultrasound of the brain, examination by an ophthalmologist and x-ray of the skull.

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The child's forehead sticks out

I am worried about the unusual shape of the child's head, he is now 8.5 months old. The head has a flattened shape on the sides, with pits on the temples that start from the eye sockets, a protruding forehead and occiput. The back of the head is like this from birth, the rest became clearly expressed later. On this occasion, we are sent for a consultation with a neurosurgeon in the regional center, and at the same time, the doctor does not say anything about any violations. Prompt, with what it can be connected? Is there any cause for concern and should anything be done?

Under the hair, the truth is not very visible. I tried to choose those on which the essence of the issue is visible, if necessary I will take more photos from the right angles.

the fontanel is not yet overgrown, on the head they are well palpable and all the seams are slightly visible (the photo shows a little how the side seams stick out).

Answer me please.

The protruding edges of the occipital part are still clearly visible, it is as if superimposed on the rest of the skull, and this has not been smoothed out since birth. Is this also the norm?

Rickets in children. signs

Ricketsism has been known for a very long time, even before our era, it was studied by ancient healers and considered such a development of a person to be quite ordinary.

It is believed that there is no person on earth who has not been subject to rickets to some extent.

Most typical signs rickets in children - a convex forehead, a flat or, conversely, a very convex stomach, a flattened nape, twisted limbs - could be seen in the pictures of that time.

Rickets is very common among the most different peoples, but especially often and at the present time they are ill with northern peoples.

In general, rickets is called a social disease, due to the fact that severe rickets affects children who cannot get foods containing the necessary vitamins and minerals due to their low socio-economic status, especially in Africa and Asia.

Rickets usually starts at early childhood due to a lack of vitamin D in the body, and if a child was born in winter or autumn, then he can get sick in more southern latitudes. Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin.

Violations of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, caused by a lack of vitamin D in the body of a child, leads to a decrease in the formation and growth of bone tissue, as well as their mineralization, leads to impaired functioning internal organs and changes in the functioning of the nervous system.

A lack of vitamin D in a child's body occurs due to malnutrition and when he is not sufficiently exposed to sun rays.

In addition, rickets in children can develop due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth, a sedentary lifestyle of the mother, during pregnancy, as well as adverse social conditions lives in which the child is located and at the same time does not receive the necessary products even with mother's milk for normal development. Rickets can occur in children and against the background of insufficient birth weight or too much weight gain after birth.

Vitamin D is formed in the skin of a person when exposed to sunlight, but it can be ingested with fish oil and other substances containing this vitamin.

Vitamin D is found in tuna, cod liver, herring, sardines and salmon, as well as caviar and fish oil, cheese, butter, egg yolk and margarine, a lot of it in nettles, parsley, alfalfa, horsetail.

In a child who spends the summer a large number of time in the sun, the need for vitamin D from food is reduced, but due to the fact that the atmosphere in cities is very polluted, beneficial sunlight reaches the earth minimal amount, and they are insufficient for the development of the child.

Therefore, every mother should know this and give foods containing vitamin D, even in the summer.

Violation of the absorption of vitamin D by the body depends on the quantitative and qualitative content of calcium and phosphorus trace elements in food, without which vitamin D will not function, and the most optimal ratio of all trace elements is found in breast milk.

Therefore, special attention should be paid to mothers who artificially feed their children, resorting to various mixtures, and they often lack microelements sufficient for the formation of bone tissue.

A special role in the violation of metabolic processes associated with the exchange of phosphorus, calcium and vitamin D is played by prematurity, diseases of the liver, kidneys and intestines of the child. The first signs of rickets are violations of bone tissue, they are insufficient mineralization. In this case, the bone becomes twisted and bent, various deformations of the bone skeleton begin, and these changes remain for life.

When a child begins to suffer from rickets, the metabolism of zinc, magnesium, potassium and other microelements is disturbed, while the activity of enzymes changes, which leads to a distortion of all types of metabolism, polyhypovitaminosis appears, and eventually all organs and systems of the body begin to fail.

The very first symptoms of rickets appear in a child already at the age of one and a half months, while the child becomes excessively whiny, restless, often shudders, refuses to eat, sleeps poorly, sweating appears during sleep, as well as during feeding.

When the head sweats, the child rubs it intensively against the crib, subsequently baldness can form at this place. These signs are the main ones in confirming the development of rickets in a child, it is necessary to immediately take measures to save the baby from the progression of the disease.

Many mothers, especially formula-fed mothers who do not provide micronutrient and vitamin D supplements, often miss the onset of rickets. Have to get rid of it long time and not always successful.

The period of development of rickets lasts an average of up to two weeks, and then a change in the skeleton begins to appear, the flat bones of the skull soften, it changes its configuration, the back of the head becomes flat, therefore asymmetries of the head occur and the entire skull acquires square shape. Very often, the forehead protrudes strongly and the bridge of the nose sinks, while the volume of the head increases.

In addition, thickenings appear on the border of the cartilaginous and bone parts of the ribs, they are called "rachitic beads", and the chest is deformed, its front part protrudes and resembles a chicken breast.

Very often there is a curvature of the back, when the child begins to walk, he develops scoliosis, which has to be eliminated for a very long time and not always effectively.

Curved legs in the form of the letter O are especially noticeable, but there are curvature in the form of the letter X, and flat feet are immediately observed.

Temechko in rickety children closes by the age of two, the teeth also erupt with a great delay, but it happens the other way around, they erupt earlier, but very unevenly.

Signs of rickets in children.

With rickets, there is muscle hypotension and weakness of the ligamentous apparatus. It consists in looseness of the joints, flaccidity of the muscles. Such patients can, lying on their back, reach their head with their foot or put their foot on their shoulder. All children with rickets begin to walk, sit, and stand up much later.

When the state of rickets is neglected in children, the work of the gastrointestinal tract, liver is disturbed, protein and lipid metabolism is disturbed, there is a deficiency of vitamins B, C, E, A and D, as well as microelements - zinc, copper, magnesium and others, which leads to disruption of all body systems.

Therefore, patients with rickets very often suffer from inflammation of the lungs and heart due to chest deformity and impaired ventilation in the lungs.

In order for the child not only to be born healthy, but also to grow without any special changes both from the side of the skeleton and from the side of the internal organs, the mother must take care of this even while carrying the child, and then after birth. Good nutrition is required so that the child does not get rickets.

Rickets begins to develop in the first days of life, disease prevention is required constantly.

Hypertension/Hydrocephalic Syndrome

I've read other forums and many have the same problem. But then no one writes how events developed. Has anyone had a similar situation? What did you do? How did it all end?

Did you notice a diagnosis?

we also had a neurosurgeon, it’s better not to run this bullshit

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Forum Baby.kz

Bulging forehead

Aimka 12 Jul 2010

My daughter 2years 1 month. We have had elevated ICP since birth. Until the age of 1.5, we treated her, went for a massage (diakarb, asparkam, tanakan, glycine and vitamins). She is obedient to me good girl ttt. The last time we went to a neurologist, she said that everything is fine with us, and there is nothing to worry about, everything is fine, the child is healthy, the reaction to all vaccinations was normal. From birth, our head is a little big; she herself is thin with me. The question is this: I recently noticed or it seems to me that she has a very pronounced convex forehead. We were told that this happens with ICP. But my daughter sleeps well, her appetite is normal, she plays, sings, dances, well, in a word, I don’t see anything terrible, only sometimes it happens that she is nervous, capricious. Why does the forehead grow, do we need to be treated again? I worry very much, we shaved her baldly, maybe because of this it seems to me so.

mirishka 12 Jul 2010

Aimka 12 Jul 2010

Are you currently taking any vitamins?

mirishka 12 Jul 2010

Aimka 12 Jul 2010

I'm looking at a photo of your daughter here, she doesn't seem to have such a big head, we seem to have a bigger one ..

Eralieva-Lyazzat 12 Jul 2010

We also took Kinder Biovital Gel, Vitamin D3, Calcium Calcium, and now our daughter is stocking up on natural vitamins. Docha lives with her grandparents on fresh air in Chilik, because I’m at work, according to them, everything is fine with her, I think in any case I need to show the doctor my head, so that later I can calmly .. otherwise my soul is anxious

Aimka 12 Jul 2010

And if the head (the size of the circumference of the head) grows in accordance with age norms, then everything is in order. How correctly mirishka says that if the daughter sleeps peacefully and develops according to age, then there is no need to torture yourself with unnecessary anxiety. Moreover, no signs of hydrocephalus were found on tomography and ultrasound, which is one of the main causes of a large head volume. Good luck!

prominent forehead

Comments

Good afternoon. Irina, tell me please, how are things going with your forehead? And then I also had a question about his bulging.

All the same. Met a few kids with the same foreheads, and even cooler. And calmed down. Now we wear bangs special attention he is not attractive.

It's clear. Thanks for the answer.

And for me, a normal forehead)))) in our family, everyone has a high forehead and a little forward. The eldest son is like that, the commemorative. But of course, for your own peace of mind, exclude hydrocephalus and what else could be there - the neurologist knows better.

so I would not have noticed if the masseuse had not focused attention. Everyone in the family is high-browed, but he doesn’t stick out like that, he’s still small, but will he even out with growth? I keep looking at children her age, I have never seen this in anyone (

Be sure to do the NSG. It is necessary to exclude diagnoses.

Also analyze the structure of the head of relatives. This may be a hereditary feature.

ask a neurologist and he will give you a referral for NSG

a doctor would be asked.

now we are already 5.5 months old, except for a slightly worn back of the head, there are no manifestations of rickets, and then it has already begun to overgrow (we crawl a lot)

Rule out hydrocephalus. this is her expression

The neurologist prescribed this mixture, because we have high blood pressure and fluid as a result of hypoxia. Has anyone given this medicine to children? Were there any improvements?

Hello everyone))) Today Pantogam was appointed at the appointment with a neurologist. A month before that, they had already drunk the Elkar-course. The drug is familiar to me and I liked its effect on my daughter: at 4 months she did not want to roll over.

My daughter fell on January 16, diagnosed with a concussion and bruising of the soft tissues of her forehead. She still had a bump, the doctor from the district clinic spread her hands and said that it would remain so. and advised to grow bangs (((.

Were at the neurologist in 1,5 months. She put hypotension, prescribed a massage. On a business card from the women's invited a masseuse. During the massage, the child screamed very much, his forehead turned blue. The masseuse said that the children are afraid of the unfamiliar, the actions are new, after 2-3 sessions.

The question is this. We give the child another course of massage. The masseuse said that there is hypertonicity of the legs. And I just wanted to do DTP in a week or two. The rest of the child is healthy (TTT). Previously, there were small problems in neurology.

Prehistory. Phew, since the beginning of January I have already cut my hair three times! I just had my ponytails cut off at the back. And that's all. They didn't even wash their hair at all. for three chicks.

Were at the neurologist. The same one that my son had 4 years ago. The same diagnosis and the same purpose..PEP..drink glycine. Development was not affected in any way. My son had an Apgar score of 7/8 and was hypoxic.

Dd! The pregnancy proceeded without problems at all, only at the 7th month they did an external coup, which also went quickly and successfully. But childbirth was stimulated with pills at 40.5 weeks. Next, a slide. They pierced the bladder, then 10 hours in.

My daughter has been clubfoot since the beginning of walking. Went a couple of days after the year. Were at the surgeon-neurologist for medical examination, the neurologist said there are problems, the surgeon will tell everything. The surgeon looked at how her daughter took half a step on the couch and said everything.

Convex forehead and eyes in a child: should I be worried?

Each person is special, therefore, the norms of body structure for an adult are conditional. AT childhood the body is arranged differently, so parents are concerned about some of the features of the child. The bulging forehead of a child is a frequent reason for parents to visit a doctor. Let's try to understand the causes of a convex forehead and find out whether this is a norm or a pathology.

What could be the causes of a bulging forehead

At the birth of a child, the size of the head is one of the determining factors of childbirth, since the head is the first to pass through the birth canal. How the birth will proceed depends on its volume. The head of a child in relation to the proportion of the body is larger than that of an adult, which can sometimes alert his parents. Therefore, consider the most common causes of a convex forehead in a newborn.

Causes of a bulging forehead in a child:

physiological feature;
signs of rickets;
hydrocephalus.

Did you know that fetal ventriculomegaly is a pathological condition of the brain?

Anatomical feature

Each person differs from each other in some ways. The size of the head and facial skull play one of the main roles. If the child has a visually enlarged forehead, head or other part of the skull, then the child should be shown to the doctor. Visual inspection, measuring the size of the head, conducting ultrasound diagnostics will answer the question of whether this case the norm. If during the study the pathology is not detected, then you should not pay attention to this feature. With age, the bones of the skull will change, and everything will return to normal.

Rickets

Rickets is common cause changes in the facial part of the skull. This serious disease, which occurs quite often among children under the age of three, is associated with vitamin D deficiency. Rickets occurs in all countries of the world, but most of all in the northern regions, where there is a lack of sunlight.

Vitamin D enters the body with animal food or is produced under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. the main task vitamin D is to regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and deposit these trace elements in bone tissue.

In the first months of vitamin D deficiency, the symptoms of rickets are not specific and may go unnoticed by parents. The baby has:

tearfulness;
sleep disorders;
excessive irritability;
sweating;
baldness of the neck;
indigestion.

If the deficiency continues, then after a month the following symptoms appear:

muscle hypotension;
late teething;
bone deformities;
late closure of the fontanel.

Bone deformities are the main symptoms that are characteristic of rickets, and they remain for life, even if vitamin D deficiency is compensated.

wheel-shaped or X-shaped change in the lower extremities;
changes in the pelvic bones; in girls with age, this will affect the course of childbirth;
ribs thicken - rachitic "rosary";
convex forehead: parietal and frontal tubercles grow;
the head resembles a square shape and becomes disproportionately large;
carpal joints thicken - "bracelets".

These symptoms appear during the height of the disease and are associated with excessive osteogenesis. In adulthood, bone deformities remain and manifest themselves as a violation of posture, deformation of the lower extremities, narrowing of the small pelvis.

Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalic syndrome is an excess production and accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. In children, the syndrome is manifested by an increase in the head and swelling of the fontanel. The main diseases that lead to hydrocephalus:

intrauterine infection;
congenital anomalies of brain development;
infectious diseases (meningitis, encephalitis);
neoplasms of the brain.

Hydrocephalus has the following symptoms:

decreased muscle tone;
the appearance of pathological reflexes;
convulsive syndrome;
strabismus or "setting sun" syndrome;
lethargy or, conversely, anxiety of the child.

The main manifestation of hydrocephalus is a disproportionate increase in head volume and an increase in circumference of 1 cm or more every month.

Due to the increased production of CSF, the expansion of the ventricles of the brain occurs. The fluid penetrates into the periventricular space, forming damage to the brain tissue. As a consequence of the increased intracranial pressure, there is a thinning of the bones of the skull, an expansion of the gap between the bones. The fontanel swells and pulsates, the scalp tightens, the veins of the head swell. The photo shows a convex forehead in a child as a result of rickets (hydrocephalus).

Bulging eyes: causes

Bulging eyes in medical practice are called exophthalmos. This can be either a variant of the norm (anatomical feature), or a consequence of the disease. The main reason bulging eyes- thyroid disease.

Basedow's disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland, which leads to increased production of hormones. An excess of thyroxin leads to the following symptoms:

acceleration of the pulse over 90 beats per minute (sometimes over 120);
weight loss
hand tremor;
insomnia, anxiety, headaches, changes in blood pressure;
menstrual disorders in women and spermatogenesis in men;
enlargement of the eyes due to subcutaneous tissue.

Eye changes in thyrotoxicosis: they become wide open, edematous, due to this they are convex. Over time, vision weakens due to swelling of the optic nerve. The disease requires consultation and treatment by an endocrinologist.

Read why microcephaly occurs in a child, how it manifests itself and what are the forecasts for the baby and his parents?

Do you know which hematomas on the head of newborns are dangerous and which do not pose problems?

Find out why tremor appears in babies: causes, manifestations, connection with other pathologies.

Should I worry about changing the facial skull?

You have considered the main causes of facial changes in children: an increase in the forehead and eyes. This may be either individual feature, or disease. And only a doctor, when examining and conducting the necessary examinations, will be able to make or remove a diagnosis. Therefore, any change in the shape or size of the head requires a visit to a doctor.

Seam on the forehead of a child

My daughter is 11 months old. Around 9, I started noticing a bump on her forehead. It is like a seam and stretches from the fontanel to the nose - solid, felt, like a bone. I'm worried, so much is written on the net that it makes your hair stand on end. What could it be?

Also do not forget to thank the doctors.

p. S. Be healthy.

pediatric surgeon2 22:58

Became visible at about 6 months. Now my son is 3 years old, the seam is no longer so noticeable, but there is. They turned to a neurosurgeon - he just said such a skull (in-person consultation, felt it, made a conclusion, there was no x-ray and CT scan).

Diagnosis of ZPR, ZRR.

They did an MRI - posthypoxic phenomena were noted, albeit of an insignificant nature.

Tell me, maybe this seam still affects the development? And we in vain turned a blind eye to him?

Sincerely, Ekaterina.

pediatric surgeon2 20:09

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Is it too early for the seam to close? The spring is open.

A few words about the norm and pathology. Baby at the appointment with a neurologist: the shape and size of the skull of a newborn

Your baby will soon be or already 1 month old! Behind one of the most difficult periods of a newborn's life.

Inna Sharkova

"Guta-Clinic", Moscow, pediatric neurologist

After all, the first month of a child's life becomes for him the first critical period after birth: it is characterized by the intense work of all organs and systems of the body, "responsible" for the adaptation (adaptation) of the newborn to fundamentally new conditions for him. environment. By the end of this period, all transient processes should be completed, however, under the influence of adverse conditions external environment, with a aggravated course of pregnancy and childbirth, the adaptive processes natural for a newborn can take a pathological direction and lead to a neurological disease of the child.

It is at this time that it is necessary to visit a neurologist for the first time - usually just to make sure: the baby is all right; but if this is not so - in order to identify, "capture" the pathology at the very beginning, to prevent the disease from developing. To determine the level of development of the child and exclude neurological pathology, it is important not only to assess the formed reactions to light, sound, motor and psycho-emotional activity of the newborn, but also its appearance (in fact, this last topic will be mainly devoted to my article).

So, what will the neurologist first of all pay attention to when examining a one-month-old baby? On the shape and size of his skull, facial expression, posture, type of skin. Why is it so important? Why are often our worries and experiences associated with the presence of deviations from the outside? appearance child, especially if it is a change in the shape and size of the skull? This is primarily due to the fact that such changes can be a diagnostic sign of serious diseases - hydrocephalus and microcephaly.

The shape and size of the skull - a possible pathology

Hydrocephalus- this is an excessive increase in the size of the skull, fontanelles, caused by an increase in the amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity. With this disease, the shape of the skull also changes - its brain section significantly predominates over the front, the frontal part sharply protrudes forward, a pronounced venous network is observed in the temples and forehead.

Microcephaly- this is a decrease in the size of the skull and early closure of the fontanelles. In congenital microcephaly, the size of the skull is small from birth, the cranial sutures are narrowed, the fontanelles are either closed or small. In the future, a slower rate of increase in head circumference is noted, so that sometimes in a child of 2-3 years old, the dimensions of the skull are almost the same as at birth. In microcephaly, the skull has specific form: the brain part of the skull is smaller than the front, the forehead is small, sloping, the line of the forehead and nose is beveled.

Conditions such as hydro- and microcephaly further lead to mental and physical development and therefore require correction from the very early age!

. or a reason for further investigations?

But is any deviation from the norm unambiguously indicative of a pathological condition? Of course not! Clinical observations show that there are many factors that influence the shape and size of the head. Of course, even a slight increase or decrease in the circumference of the skull in a newborn compared to the age norm can be considered a risk factor for the development of hydrocephalus or microcephaly, but one should not panic when one finds that the baby’s head is slightly larger or smaller than normal: this circumstance should first of all, become a signal for the need for additional examinations to exclude pathological conditions. What are these examinations?

absolutely safe and reliable method is an neurosonography(ultrasound examination of the brain through a large fontanel). This study will help not only to see changes in the structure of the brain and signs of increased intracranial pressure, but also to assess blood flow through the main vessels of the brain.
An even more reliable method is nuclear magnetic resonance of the brain (NMR), however, this study for babies is carried out under general anesthesia, therefore, it is carried out only for sufficiently strong indications.
In this case, consultations of an oculist and a neurosurgeon are also necessary.

Homework for parents

In addition, right from birth, you can independently control increase in head circumference, which is one of the main indicators of norm and pathology. How to do it correctly?

Weekly measure the circumference of the child's head and record the figures obtained in a specially wound notebook.
When measuring, place the centimeter tape along the most protruding points of the skull (frontal and occipital tubercles).
To avoid misunderstandings, the measurement should be carried out by the same person.

In addition to the increase in head circumference, you can control increase in chest circumference, which is one of the general anthropometric indicators of a child's development. For this:

measure your chest circumference weekly on the same day you measure your head circumference;
Place the measuring tape at the level of the baby's nipple line.

Why do we need such "self-activity"? Carrying out these simple measurements, you will help the doctor to draw up an objective picture of the development of the child, and you yourself can be calm, eliminating the possibility of developing serious diseases (normally, the monthly increase in head circumference for the first three months in a full-term baby should not exceed 2 cm per month; up to a year, the circumference the chest is approximately 1 cm larger than the circumference of the child's head).

Well, now a few words about what can and should be normal, and what is a pathology. I tried to present a conversation on this topic in the form of answers to questions that most often concern young parents.

What determines the shape of the skull of a newborn?

Normally, when a child passes through the birth canal, the bones of the skull overlap each other. Features of the course of the birth process affect the change in the shape of the skull. With a complicated birth act, a sharp finding of the bones of the skull on top of each other may occur, and this will lead to its deformation, which will persist for quite a long time.

The change in the shape of the skull can be expressed in the preservation swelling soft tissues of the head in the place where the child moved forward along the birth canal. The swelling disappears within the first 2-3 days. cephalohematoma(hemorrhage under the periosteum) also changes the shape of the skull. It resolves more slowly than swelling, and this process requires the supervision of specialists (neurologist, surgeon).

The change in the shape of the skull is also associated with age characteristics. In a newborn, the skull is elongated in the anterior-posterior direction, and after a few months the transverse size of the skull will increase, and its shape will change.

Some change in the shape and size of the skull can also occur during normal development in premature babies, or when the child is often laid on the same side, or when the child is lying on his back for a long time.

How does a newborn's head grow?

In a newborn, the average head circumference is 35.5 cm (the range of 33.0-37.5 cm is considered normal). The most intensive increase in head circumference in full-term children is observed in the first 3 months - on average, it is 1.5 cm for each month. Then the growth decreases slightly, and by the year the child's head circumference is on average 46.6 cm (normal limits 44.9 - 48.9 cm).

The head circumference of a premature baby increases faster than that of a full-term baby, and the increase is most pronounced during the period of active weight gain, and by the end of the 1st year of life it reaches normal values. The exception is very premature babies.

However, it should always be borne in mind that even with the normal development of the child, there may be physiological deviations from the average values, which are often associated with constitutional features or environmental influences.

What is a fontanel in a child?

Fontanelles are located in the area of convergence of the bones of the skull. Front, large, the fontanel is located between the frontal and parietal bones. At birth, it measures from 2.5 to 3.5 cm, then gradually decreases by 6 months and closes at 8-16 months. Rear, small, the fontanel is located between the parietal and occipital bones. It is small and closes by 2-3 months of age.

In pathological processes accompanied by an increase in intracranial pressure, the fontanelles close later, and it happens that they open again. The small size of the anterior fontanel may be a variant of the norm if they are not accompanied by a decrease in the circumference of the skull, its growth rate, and a delay in psychomotor development.

The above features do not limit the whole variety options abnormalities in young children. However, it should be borne in mind that any unusual variant of the child's appearance requires careful examination and monitoring of his growth and development.

When and how should a neurologist examine a child?

The development of a young child is a very sensitive sign of the state of the body. It depends both on hereditary characteristics and on a complex set of social conditions and requires the dynamic supervision of doctors. Do not forget to show your baby to specialists in deadlines- 1, 3, 6, 12 months!

If you invite a specialist to your home, then you need to consider the following:

examination of the child should be carried out on a changing table or other soft, but not sagging surface;
the environment should be calm, if possible, eliminate distractions;
inspection is desirable to be carried out 1.5-2 hours after feeding;
the air temperature in the room should be about 25 ° C, the lighting should be bright, but not annoying.

In conclusion of the article, I want to remind you once again: do not postpone a visit to a neurologist, remember that the timeliness of all health-improving, preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at ensuring its normal development depends on the correct assessment of the state of health of the newborn, and only a specialist is able to give a correct assessment!

Each person is special, therefore, the norms of body structure for an adult are conditional. In childhood, the body is arranged differently, so parents are concerned about some of the features of the child. The bulging forehead of a child is a frequent reason for parents to visit a doctor. Let's try to understand the causes of a convex forehead and find out whether this is a norm or a pathology.

What could be the causes of a bulging forehead

Causes of a bulging forehead in a child:

physiological feature;
signs of rickets;

Anatomical feature

Each person differs from each other in some ways. The size of the head and facial skull play one of the main roles. If the child has a visually enlarged forehead, head or other part of the skull, then the child should be shown to the doctor. Visual inspection, measuring the size of the head, conducting ultrasound diagnostics will answer the question of whether this case is the norm. If during the study the pathology is not detected, then you should not pay attention to this feature. With age, the bones of the skull will change, and everything will return to normal.

Rickets

Rickets is a common cause of changes in the facial part of the skull. This serious disease, which occurs quite often among children under the age of three, is associated with vitamin D deficiency. Rickets occurs in all countries of the world, but most of all in the northern regions, where there is a lack of sunlight.

Vitamin D enters the body with animal food or is produced under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. The main task of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and deposit these microelements in bone tissue.

In the first months of vitamin D deficiency, the symptoms of rickets are not specific and may go unnoticed by parents. The baby has:

tearfulness;
sleep disorders;
excessive irritability;
sweating;
baldness of the neck;
indigestion.

If the deficiency continues, then after a month the following symptoms appear:

muscle hypotension;
late teething;
bone deformities;
late closure of the fontanel.

Bone deformities are the main symptoms that are characteristic of rickets, and they remain for life, even if vitamin D deficiency is compensated.

Bone deformities:

wheel-shaped or X-shaped change in the lower extremities;
changes in the pelvic bones; in girls with age, this will affect the course of childbirth;
ribs thicken - rachitic "rosary";
convex forehead: parietal and frontal tubercles grow;
the head resembles a square shape and becomes disproportionately large;
carpal joints thicken - "bracelets".

Hydrocephalus

intrauterine infection;
congenital anomalies of brain development;
infectious diseases (, encephalitis);
neoplasms of the brain.

Hydrocephalus has the following symptoms:

decreased muscle tone;
the appearance of pathological reflexes;
convulsive syndrome;
strabismus or "setting sun" syndrome;
lethargy or, conversely, anxiety of the child.

The main manifestation of hydrocephalus is a disproportionate increase in head volume and an increase in circumference of 1 cm or more every month.

Due to the increased production of CSF, the expansion of the ventricles of the brain occurs. The fluid penetrates into the periventricular space, forming damage to the brain tissue. As a result, there is a thinning of the bones of the skull, an expansion of the gap between the bones. The fontanel swells and pulsates, the scalp tightens, the veins of the head swell. The photo shows a convex forehead in a child as a result of rickets (hydrocephalus).

Bulging eyes: causes

Bulging eyes in medical practice are called exophthalmos. This can be either a variant of the norm (anatomical feature), or a consequence of the disease. The main cause of bulging eyes is thyroid disease.

Basedow's disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland, which leads to increased production of hormones. An excess of thyroxin leads to the following symptoms:

acceleration of the pulse over 90 beats per minute (sometimes over 120);
weight loss
hand tremor;
, anxiety, headaches, changes in blood pressure;
menstrual disorders in women and spermatogenesis in men;
enlargement of the eyes due to subcutaneous tissue.

Read why it occurs, how it manifests itself and what are the forecasts for the baby and his parents?

Do you know which are dangerous and which are not problematic?

Find out why it appears: causes, manifestations, connection with other pathologies.

Should I worry about changing the facial skull?

You have considered the main causes of facial changes in children: an increase in the forehead and eyes. This may be either an individual feature or a disease. And only a doctor, when examining and conducting the necessary examinations, will be able to make or remove a diagnosis. Therefore, any change in the shape or size of the head requires a visit to a doctor.

In one of the previous articles, we already talked about how the shape of a person is, having considered how the owners of a sloping, sloping forehead differ from people with a straight forehead.

Bulging forehead() reports the temper and tough character of a person with the ability to exact sciences, flexible mind and imagination (see article ""). Among such people, there are more often those who think more than act. For acceptance final decision they need more time than others. In some situations, it is said that "his master has a clumsy, dull mind."

In addition, looking at a person from the front, physiognomists identify a number of other features of the shape of the forehead that can tell a lot about the character of its owner.

So, high forehead occurs in people who are distinguished by logical thinking and actions, striving for a holistic perception of the world and people. Often this is associated with a quick, smart mind.

low forehead has a small space between and . Its owners appreciate accuracy and accuracy, they have a good memory for facts and figures, sharp mind. For them, it is more important to live quality today than to dream about the future.

People with broad forehead love to dream internal dialogues, talk to yourself. Think a lot about the future.

If a forehead high and wide, then a person strives for a complete understanding of the events and situations experienced, it is important for him to find as much as possible various options solutions challenging tasks while remaining helpless in everyday, everyday matters.

Square forehead- a well-organized, systematic person has such a forehead. He possesses high level self-control, is distinguished by good self-discipline and the ability to be responsible for all his actions and decisions. Even such a forehead is proof of masculinity, the wisdom of a person, the conviction of one's own rightness.

Rectangular forehead often belongs to reasonable people, with a well-formed will. There are many among them who enjoy mental activity(see also ).

oblong forehead characterizes people who are distinguished by flexibility of mind, rich imagination. True, their flexibility of mind is not always combined with the flexibility of behavior.

round forehead(full face) distinguishes active and active individuals who have the ability and inclination for entrepreneurship.

Flat, narrow forehead says 6 that its owner is a slow-witted, difficult decision-maker.

forehead: sloping, steep, straight

The forehead is one of the most visible parts of the face. It's hard not to pay attention to him when you meet him. The shape of the forehead carries information about the nature and style of thinking of a person, about what approaches he uses in solving problems.

What techniques, operations, skills and strategies a person uses in his life, you can most often find out if you analyze in detail upper part head, starting from the hairline and ending with the eyebrow line.

There are 3 types of forehead:

Steep or convex.
Reclined back or sloping.
Without any deviations back and roundings (that is, straight).

Each type can have its own characteristics: with and without superciliary arches, the presence of strong-willed cones, etc. Let us consider in more detail all types of foreheads separately.

The first type is a convex forehead:

Identifies people who seek to show originality and e. in solving problems. Such people tend to disobey systems and frameworks. Everywhere they look for alternative approaches, where they will not be limited by the possibilities of choice. People with a round forehead tend to look for the best solutions to their problems on their own.

An overly convex forehead may indicate an evil, vengeful, often narrow-minded, but very practical individual in an everyday way. A steep and convex in the middle happens to a person of a serious mind. A prominent high forehead speaks of the true wisdom of its owner. And the one that seems to hang over the bridge of the nose indicates a good memory and a thirst for knowledge. Wide and convex only at the edges gives out a rich fantasy, but also a morbid imagination.

The second type is a sloping forehead:

The distinctive properties of these people are an excellent and quick reaction in everything, intelligence, clarity of thought and determination. They prefer to use only proven procedures and methods to avoid wasting time. Based on past experience, these people are able to quickly navigate in modern conditions, applying in practice already worked out schemes for solving problems. Moreover, individuals with such a forehead perfectly learn from the experience of other people, using the best technologies that they could see in the practice of their social environment.

Having a flexible character, the owners of a sloping or round forehead easily adapt to changing circumstances, while managing to avoid compromises that are not acceptable to them. Sometimes they value themselves too much, becoming arrogant. Being open to everything new, they strive forward and achieve success with the constant support of loved ones. Their weaknesses include excessive haste in some cases and love to gossip.

The third type is a straight forehead:

the shape of the forehead is reflected in the character of the person himself: it is a progressive rectilinear process. It is difficult for such a person to quickly assimilate information, especially if it is presented inconsistently. To understand and comprehend everything, he needs time. If you force him to think and quickly, then he can "break". Being slow by nature, such people often do not get along with their superiors and therefore prefer to create their own business, often taking extreme risks because of this. A straight-faced person likes to interfere in everything and often gets involved in the struggle for his rights, which repels supporters.

The strong quality of this person is that he can remember information almost forever if it was put in his head at one time, as they say, on the shelves. A straight and narrow forehead indicates the straightforwardness and kindness of its owner.

If we consider distinctive features of the forehead shapes listed above, then a bright element will become brow ridges. A person who possesses them prefers to act according to the “correct” and proven patterns of action. It can be easily introduced into a stupor if you violate the previously agreed rules. The optimal environment for this person is rigid rules and a system of "military" approach. He himself strictly fulfills all the instructions and expects the same from the people around him.

Absence of brow ridges

assumes a flexible, adaptable character. Adaptation and spontaneity are one of the main qualities of people with flat forehead without any protrusions above the eyebrows. Such people are almost always open to new ideas and ideas. They look for solutions to problems based on the availability of those tools that are available at a given time. If, solving a problem, such a person does not find the tool he needs, then he can easily adapt any other object that can solve the problem. Such people always avoid rigid systems and verified methods, move away from clearly defined procedures.

Finally, the second most important element of the forehead is the so-called strong-willed bump which is located between the eyebrows. It is a kind of fleshy thickening, indicating great willpower and considerable determination. The space between the eyebrows in itself characterizes the volitional level of a person, how great his