Superciliary arches in men character. Difficult but effective frontoplasty: everything you need to know before and after the intervention
Today, wide thick eyebrows are in fashion, and more recently, thin plucked “strings” took their place. While stylists are arguing about which brows are more expressive woman's face, scientists continue their no less old dispute: why our distant ancestors had large brow ridges literally hanging over their eyes, and modern man forehead smooth? Is there any evolutionary sense in all this, and why did the brow ridges disappear over time? The latest research by scientists from the University of York (UK) suggests that the answer must be sought in the field of social communication.
A lot of hypotheses about the function of the superciliary arches in ancient people were put forward. For example, there was an opinion that they served as a "visor" from the sun or protected the eyes from sweat and hair, but no convincing evidence of this was ever found. AT recent times The main hypotheses are the so-called mechanical, according to which the brow ridges increased the resistance of the skull bones to chewing loads, and spatial, which emphasizes their role in the formation of bone joints in the orbit.
To clarify the truth or falsity of these hypotheses, British scientists used a 3D computer model of the skull. Heidelberg human who lived 600–200 thousand years ago. The prototype was a skull found by archaeologists in a cave in Kabwe (Zambia). Modeling the load on the masticatory system, scientists found that the superciliary arches do not participate in this process in any way, as for the orbit, in this case their size does not matter. It was necessary to search further.
Scientists turned to the study of animals that had morphologically similar formations. Yes, the male mandrill, a very picturesque monkey from the marmoset family, there are conspicuous swellings on the sides of the nose, and the bones that form their basis have a structure that is also characteristic of the fossil bones of the superciliary arches of human ancestors. The growth of these formations in monkeys is regulated by male sex hormones, and the size reflects social status animal: dominant monkeys can boast the largest.
Thus, the pronounced brow ridges in our early ancestors could have played the role of a morphological marker. leadership qualities and aggressive behavior individual. Over the past 100,000 years, the brow ridges have been shrinking, which was probably at first a side effect of the reduction in the facial skull as a whole. In the last 20,000 years, as humans moved from a "mobile" hunter-gatherer lifestyle to a settled agricultural lifestyle, this process has accelerated significantly. And notice: important result reduction of the bones of the superciliary arches was the increased mobility of the eyebrows.
Eyebrow movements are one of the tools of social interaction with which we express a huge range of emotions and their nuances. For example, a quick "take-off" of the eyebrows is a universal signal of openness, readiness for communication; a slow rise is a sign of surprise or indignation. From small movements of the eyebrows, information can be extracted that indicates the degree of truthfulness of a person. On the other hand, according to the results of studies, in some people after cosmetic injections of neurotoxin botox, which limits muscle contractions and, accordingly, the movement of the eyebrows, the ability to emotional experience also decreases.
Modern man is the only surviving representative of the subfamily (Homininae), which also includes Neanderthal and pithetropa. The rest of its members disappeared: they partly died out, and partly mixed with people of modern physical type who have spread throughout the globe, surviving often in quite extreme conditions. Our prosperity has been greatly facilitated by the ability to social interactions and reciprocity. And, according to scientists, important role movable eyebrows could play a role in the preservation of modern man as a species, serving as an instrument of emotional communication.
Prepared by Maria Perepechaeva
Surgery to give the face more femininity. Face - important element appearance, so patients who have undergone sex reassignment surgery tend to look as feminine as possible. Plastic surgery of this kind helps to avoid many psychological trauma and problems, they help a person to adapt in society.
Differences in female and male facial types
It is known that the skeletal structure of a woman and a man differs in size and shape. This applies to the structure of the head, body and limbs. The cranial bones that form the face differ in length, thickness and size, so in men the temporal arches, jaw bones and bones in the cheekbones are much more pronounced than in women.
The differences between the face of a man and a woman are especially noticeable in its upper part. For example, a woman's forehead is more sloping, and her brow ridges are smaller than those of men. Female eyebrows are located higher, they are slightly raised and peculiarly curved.
Aesthetic specialists plastic surgery distinguish such differences in the face of women and men:
The superciliary arches of men hang over the eyes, due to which the forehead seems heavy.
If you draw a line from the point of hair growth to the superciliary arches, then in men it will be much flatter in shape than in women.
The distance from the hairline to the superciliary arches is greater in men than in women.
Superciliary arches and bumps on the forehead
The facial cranial part consists of a pair of zygomatic and maxillary bones, as well as the bones of the lower jaw. A considerable area is occupied by the forehead bone, especially its most powerful part. On both sides on this part there are protrusions, or bumps on the forehead, under which the eyebrows are located. Under the eyebrows, the bone ends with the orbital edges, between the eyebrows there is a depression above the bridge of the nose.
In general, the eyebrows and bumps on the forehead in men stand out more clearly than in women. This is due to the greater production of testosterone in the male body during puberty. The size of the selection of the eyebrows also depends on the breadth of the airways of the forehead.
To give the appearance of more femininity to people who have changed their sex, an operation is required to change the parameters of the bumps on the forehead and eyebrows. The bumps are ground off with the help of special medical cutters. This significantly changes the appearance of the eyebrows and forehead, lifting the eyebrows and opening the eyes, thereby softening the facial features and becoming feminine.
Sometimes just changing the parameters of the eyebrows and forehead is enough to make the face feminine enough.
Frontal shape correction
The operation to change the shape of the forehead, correct the bumps on the forehead and superciliary arches is called frontoplasty. It is performed in two ways. First option- decrease frontal bone by stitching it and moving it forward. Second option– augmentation of depressions with the help of implants. Basically, when changing sex, the first version of the operation is used.
In some situations, eyebrow contouring is performed through an incision in the eyelid area, which makes it possible to combine eyebrow changes with blepharoplasty. This is suitable for patients with a not very protruding forehead and not very pronounced eyebrows.
The shift of the bone back is carried out without affecting the area inside the skull.
The posterior and anterior walls of the frontal sinus are composed of bone, but a thick inner wall separates the sinus from the cranial cavity. The natural purpose of the frontal sinus is to moisten and warm the air at the moment of inhalation, relieve the skull and resonate speech sounds.
Air cavities are found in many human bones, which facilitates the skeletal system and reduces the load on the spine. The skeleton of men is more powerful and heavier than that of women, therefore the volume of the air sinuses of the bones of men is greater than that of women.
Frontoplasty is able to change the forehead, superciliary arches and bumps on the forehead by 3-7 millimeters.
Surgery with coronary access
The operation is performed using a coronal approach. The surgeon makes an incision in the scalp from the right to the left auricle. Next, the doctor peels off the soft tissues with fascia in order to expose the bones of the forehead. Next, an operative osteotomy of the sinus and installation of implants is performed. At the end of the operation, the transfer fragment is fixed with special glue or plates on micro-screws.
Stages of frontoplasty
To access the forehead bone, a longitudinal incision is made in the form of a zigzag in the area of hair growth.
The skin flap and periosteum are lifted to access the bones and sinuses of the forehead. The edges of the flap are limited by medical clips to prevent blood loss.
The frontal sinus is opened, the surgeon is able to see the mucous membrane and bone bridges. The bony edges must be smoothed, and the bridges must be removed.
The protrusions of the frontal bone are aligned with medical cutters. If necessary, the supraorbital nerve is released from the bone canal.
The bone fragment is placed in a new position, the nerve connections are checked. They are fixed with special glue.
The tissue flap is returned to its place, but it must be pulled a little stronger than before the intervention. Due to a decrease in the frontal volume, the excess part of the tissues is excised, and sutures are applied to the wound surface.
Before and after frontoplasty
Care after surgery
The operation to change the bumps on the forehead, forehead and eyebrows lasts from 2 to 4 hours, it depends on the degree of complexity of the operation.
After frontoplasty, there is swelling on the face for 1.5-2 weeks. Hematomas may appear, which disappear on their own in a week.
For fast withdrawal swelling and bruising, rest on high pillows is necessary to avoid a rush of blood to the head
In the first two days, you can not wet your head. On the third day, you can gently rinse your hair, but be careful not to injure the seams. Shampoo use for children
If headaches bother you, you can use painkillers as directed by your doctor. In addition, the doctor prescribes antibiotics.
The stitches are removed after 10-12 days. Gently use the comb and wash your hair as gently as possible. Even if there is itching in the area of the scars, they should not be scratched.
Possible Complications
Soreness
Bleeding
Scar swelling
Skin redness
Edema and hematomas
wound infection
To avoid thrombosis, it is necessary to drink as much water without gas as possible and move. Do not sit or lie down for a long time, take regular walks or practice healthy walking.
Special Complications
Violation of muscle activity and numbness of the area of operation. It passes as the wound heals, or indicates that the doctor has touched the nerve.
Psychological problems. A course of psychotherapy, rest and massage may be required if it is difficult for the patient to recognize himself in the mirror.
Disappointment after surgery. Immediately after the operation, you will not be able to enjoy your beautiful appearance, as the tissues need to recover. Don't rush things.
The appearance of rough scars and scars at the site of the sutures. Happens due to individual features the patient's body. Surgical correction may be required.
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Recognizing a person by "reading" his face, examining his refined or not very features is a truly fascinating experience. You can learn a lot of interesting things about him without asking a person. When conducting a dialogue, carefully listening to the interlocutor by his face, you can determine the tendency of this person to lie, for example, or to be right.
face shape
Elongated face. It has the shape of a rectangle, the width of the forehead is equal to the width of the chin. Indicates intelligence, sensitivity, balance. A person with this face shape is prudent and prudent, sometimes has an organizational talent, and a pronounced sense of purpose. Triangular face. A high and wide forehead, prominent cheekbones, a small, pointed, slightly protruding chin. There is little flesh in the area between the cheekbones and chin. A person with this face shape has little sensitivity. Often this is a sign of high giftedness. At the same time, cunning and quarrelsomeness are noted in the character. Sometimes such people are prone to betrayal, do not have affection and devotion.
Trapezoidal face. It has much in common with the triangular, but it is characterized by a wide forehead and a slightly narrowed (but not pointed) chin. A person with this face shape is intelligent, sensitive, artistic, while he does not have the spirit of a fighter. Women are optimists. They live happily, creating a pleasant atmosphere for others.
A square face usually belongs to a stern, courageous, often heartless person. Often such people are intractable, rude, slow-witted, persistent. In communication, they are straightforward and frank. Most bright line- determination, tireless thirst for success. They make good performers, although they themselves are persistently drawn to leadership. Women with this face shape are characterized by a desire for dominance.
A round face is associated with good nature, gentleness, peacefulness. Often such people are gourmets. They love comfort good company and do not seek glory. At the same time, ambition is not alien to them. If a person with round shape high nose bridge, protruding cheekbones, burning eyes - he is purposeful. Enviable leaders and commanders can come out of such people.
A pointed head means a fickle, windy, stupid, envious, incapable of science.
A small head with a long throat means a smart, well-meaning person.
A small head and a long neck means a stupid, weak and unhappy person.
A copper forehead is a person who is not surprised at anything, reckless, brave and not embarrassed by anything.
There is a difference between a wide and round forehead. If the roundness of a high, proportionate forehead occupies the temples and forms a bulge that is not covered with hair, this is a sign of mental superiority, aspiration for honors, pride. Such people are also distinguished by generosity.
If there is a recess in the middle of the forehead and it is frowning, wrinkled, this is a sign of cruelty softened by virtues: generosity and courage, intelligence and sanity.
A very large, but round forehead without hair means a person who is bold, but prone to lies.
Long forehead with a long face and small chin means cruelty and tyranny.
Facial features
Brows. Wide are considered ideal. long eyebrows. Remember the glorified sable eyebrows? In general, the proportional development of the eyebrows (shape, color, density) indicates a balance of emotions, mind and character. The pleasant shape of the eyebrows says that their owner gets along with others. Thick eyebrows with the outer ends on end rise up? This is a sign of generosity of soul and courage. Such a person is considered born for success. Dropping outer ends indicate shyness. When the structure and color of such eyebrows seem lifeless, it is believed that this is from exhaustion. internal energy. If a man has even and long eyebrows, protruding against the background of pleasant skin, then he is known as an intellectual. A woman with such eyebrows is considered a coquette, you can expect any antics from her. Short but thick eyebrows speak of an explosive nature. Bristly eyebrows always indicate obstinacy, stubbornness, uncompromisingness. Thick heavy connecting eyebrows mean an irresistible desire for dominance. A woman with such eyebrows has a strong character, she does not fit the role of a housewife. Highly located eyebrows speak of purposefulness. Eyebrows sitting too low - about the opposite. If a woman has eyebrows with a corner in the middle, this is a sign of independence and mystery.
P.S. The presence of tweezers and a changing fashion for the shape of the eyebrows makes it difficult to diagnose.
Eyes
The eyes are the mirror of the soul. A person with beautiful attractive eyes has health, will, intelligence, temperament. Such eyes radiate light and warmth, are well protected by eyelids, have an expressive iris. Big eyes speak of the sensitivity of the soul, courage, and sometimes the desire for leadership. Small eyes often belong to gloomy, reserved, intractable people, often distinguished by amazing constancy. A large iris is a sign of softness and calmness, a small one indicates an imbalance in internal processes, which adversely affects relationships with others.
eye color
Black, brown, green - vigor. Blue - sensitivity. Light brown - shyness. Gray is loyalty.
Green eyes are a female color, the color of love, softness, harmony. This is the color of Neptune. Green-eyed people are capable of great returns, it is true that not only good, but also bad influences come from them.
Light colors (except yellow) - indicate a deficiency life force, lack of will.
Brown eyes are a masculine color - the color of Pluto. People with this eye color are capable of both giving and receiving energy, but the actions of the planets in their horoscope are always associated with the manifestation of Pluto.
Eye types:
1. The dragon's eyes are large with a lively sheen. Such eyes are endowed with a person who uses power.
2. Elongated, almond-shaped eyes, sometimes with curved rims - phoenix eyes. This is a refined nature.
3. Big eyes with folds on the eyelids - the eyes of a lion. Leaders are endowed with them.
4. The eyes of an elephant are narrow, elongated with double or even triple eyelids. Characteristic of obese people. Such people are calm by nature.
5. The eyes of a tiger are round with a yellowish sheen. Belong to brave natures.
6. The eyes of a sheep are narrow, small, with a black and yellow iris.
7. Large eyes with a triangular incision and sagging eyelids - the eyes of a horse.
8. Eyes with a break in the upper eyelid and a dull iris - the eyes of a boar.
9. Eyes with an excessively large iris - wolf eyes.
The best information is read by the eye of a person who is over 40. The slightly different eyes belong to a passionate person.
Eye planting
Both eyes on the same horizontal line is a favorable sign. Eyes are slanted downwards: In men - determination; in women - indiscretion. If the upper eyelid is slightly lowered - this is a sign of maturity, a strongly lowered upper eyelid in men - depletion of energy. Large lower eyelid is a sign hectic life. Too sagging lower eyelid indicates uncontrollable desires. Swollen both eyelids - fatigue from life. If a outer corners eyes are buried in a network of diverging wrinkles - this is a sign of insight. Eyes slightly different in shape belong to a passionate person. The older the person, the more reliable information is read from his eyes.
A person with a rounded tip of the nose and shaped wings becomes strong personality. Long nose - a sign of bright pronounced individuality. A long nose well balanced with the eyes, mouth and chin indicates a strong nature. Short nose - speaks of the openness of the soul and optimism. Bony long nose- an indicator of pride and arrogance, quarrelsomeness; a bony, long nose with a pronounced hump often belongs to a gloomy person.
The ideal is considered a high and even bridge of the nose, characteristic of healthy people. A person with a tip of the nose resembling a "suspended drop" is usually cheerful, therefore, prosperous. If the tip of the nose resembles the beak of an eagle, then such a person is insightful, cunning and, often, vindictive. A full, large, bulbous tip of the nose is a sign of cordiality and warmth. Raised, with bulging nostrils, the nose denotes self-will, incontinence, licentiousness. The forked tip of the nose is evidence of timidity. Too small nostrils - compliance. Wide wings of the nose - conceit. Red nose - dishonesty. Dark spots on the nose are a sign of physical ill health. A small hump on a straight nose with narrow nostrils - predation. Nose with flaring nostrils - inability to control oneself.
For a woman, a beautiful mouth is small; for a man - proportional. A woman with a big mouth is considered masculine, which is not very popular with men. Persons with a small mouth are preoccupied with the struggle for survival, they are often endowed with weak character. thin line closed lips speaks of the scrupulous nature. A man with a large mouth and falling corners of the lips has strong will, it is difficult to influence him. A constantly twitching mouth (horse's mouth) is a sign of incredulity. A small mouth in the shape of an arc (the corners of the lips tend to rush down) belongs to a sensitive nature. Bulging lips are evidence of success. Symmetrical, without distortions, the opening of the mouth indicates a balance of emotions. If facial wrinkles descend to both sides of the mouth from the eyes, this is a sign of a difficult life. If wrinkles go from the wings of the nose to the corners of the lips, then this is a sign of deceit. Upper lip sticks out above the bottom - indecision; the lower one sticks out - selfishness. A person who has one side of his mouth down is a stubborn person. Wrinkles above the lips - aging. A large sucker on the upper lip is a sign of an unpast childhood. Wrinkles that cut deep into the lips speak of prosperity in youth and deprivation in adulthood. Spoiled teeth and tongue are indicators of poor health.
Thin - scrupulousness of the owner.
Convex full lips - life success.
Horizontal lips are a sign of emotional balance.
The upper lip protrudes above the lower - gives out indecision, if vice versa, then a sign of selfishness.
Small lips mean that a person is prudent, prudent, smart.
Large lips and at the same time the lower sagging lip means windmills, fools, evil people.
The thin line of closed lips speaks of the scrupulous nature. A constantly twitching mouth is a sign of incredulity. A small mouth in the shape of an arc (the corners of the lips tend to rush down) belongs to a sensitive nature. Bulging lips are evidence of success. Symmetrical, without distortions, the opening of the mouth indicates a balance of emotions. If facial wrinkles descend to both sides of the mouth from the eyes, this is a sign of a difficult life. If wrinkles go from the wings of the nose to the corners of the lips, then this is a sign of deceit. The upper lip protrudes above the lower - indecision; the lower one sticks out - selfishness. A person who has one side of his mouth down is a stubborn person. Wrinkles deeply cut into the lips speak of prosperity in youth and deprivation in adulthood. Spoiled teeth and tongue are indicators of poor health.
A well-shaped, harmonious and beautiful ear indicates health. Shapelessness and pallor suggest otherwise. Too big ears - flaws in the personality, too small - a sign of trouble. An ear without a well-shaped lobe is an imbalance in personality. Long lobe - carelessness. Small lobe - scrupulousness. People with very large lobes are sages. If the lobe leans slightly forward - sincerity. If the inner rim of the ear is retracted - restraint, if protruded - incontinence. Pink color ear - health. Moles inside the ear - trouble.
facial bones
High and prominent brow ridges testify to the will and inner strength. Low location of the facial lines - lack of will and strength. A wide bone and a large chin speak of strong character, and the sagging lower jaw is about psychological troubles. A weakly defined chin is a sign of softness. A slight bifurcation of such a chin is the power of passion; significant bifurcation - the desire for solitude. Wide cheekbones - a trick; heavy jaw - controllability of passions, often, excessive conceit. A high, even forehead is a sign of giftedness; low - isolation and frown, if such a forehead is also flat - slow-wittedness. tall and prominent forehead means mind and wisdom.
In conclusion, it should be noted that physiognomy is based on percentages of probability. And this means that there are no postulates in the above correlations of appearance and personality. Each person is unique, unrepeatable and unpredictable. Do not rush to draw conclusions!
When "reading" each of these parts separately, as well as their entire complex as a whole, you can get a lot of information about specific person. Of course, the ideal would be a harmonious relationship between the three departments, in which none of the parts would dominate over the others. This would serve as an indication of the instinctive-emotional-intellectual balance of the personality, which, of course, is preferable everywhere and always. However, this ideal situation is rare. Usually one of the facial sections dominates the rest. In itself, this is also not a disadvantage; in fact, the development or dominance of any of these departments means that this particular psychological property especially emphasized in the character of the individual, and if one of the sections only slightly stands out in comparison with the other two, then in the daily life of a person given fact may even appear positive.
In general, the following is certain: the only thing that can really Negative influence on the character and life of a person, is the fact that one of these parts will be too small compared to the rest, since this is a sign that the corresponding personal aspect at this individual not naturally developed. In such cases, people interested in their own self-improvement should take some extra effort to compensate for this lack of his personality. For example, a person with a square face, the central part of which is overdeveloped, while the forehead is too narrow, should pay special attention to the thinking aspect in his life, since personality defects can manifest themselves mainly in this area.
Intellectual aspect: forehead
| Broad forehead , occupying about a third of the face, is a sign of good memory, intelligence and ambition of the individual. In this case we are talking about people with clear life goal and great ability to analytical thinking as well as a desire to acquire new knowledge and skills. It is not surprising that people whose forehead corresponds to these characteristics will have the qualities of a leader, since they are not only endowed with the talent to correctly interpret the facts of the surrounding reality, but also know how to relate them both to the aspirations of others and to their own aspirations. Large analytic skills and the gift to grasp the new, the ability to manage own feelings and emotions - all this can manifest itself with positive side in any professional field. |
 low forehead, occupying a small space relative to the rest of the face, as well as the growth of hair very close to the eyebrows - all these are considered signs of a person who is not inclined to theoretical reflection. It is said of such people that they can only be convinced by facts. Sometimes we can talk here about pragmatic people who prefer not to spread "thinking along the tree", but to go ahead to their goal. However, they are simultaneously able to radiate personal charm in communicating with other people, although sometimes too practical nature makes them manifest themselves as selfish and selfish. |
Emotions and feelings
On that part of the face, which is located between the forehead and the mouth, the emotions and feelings of a person are reflected. If, on the whole, it is the zone of the body in which the expressive possibilities of a person are most clearly concentrated, then this particular facial region, correlated with emotions and feelings, has the greatest potential for broadcasting any type of messages. The combinations of mimic gestures that can be carried out with the help of eyebrows, eyes, nose, cheeks and cheekbones are of infinite variety and richness, as is the number of shades of emotions, feelings or states of mind that can be conveyed with their help. Life constantly models a person's personality, adding new ones to hereditary factors - those that are introduced with a person's experience, his achievements, failures, joys and sorrows, as well as with his conscious work on himself.
So, about a person who has reached middle age, they say that he has the face that he deserves, or rather, the one that he was able to "sculpt" himself. Laughter, joy, sadness, anxiety, loneliness, anxiety, pleasure - each of these states leaves its mark on the structure of the facial muscles, giving over the years new form face, his cheeks and cheekbones, until eventually these "hardened" features begin to dominate the hereditary ones.
Eyes and eyebrows
Eyes
is the most expressive of human resources non-verbal communication. Without uttering a single word, one look can express a lot - from "I love you" to "I need help."
The size of the eyes can already immediately give certain information about a person. In general, it is argued that among the owners big eyes most often there are passionate, disinterested, independent rebels, while people with small eyes rather prudent and prefer to weigh the circumstances well before deciding on any option.
Man with bulging eyes shows excessive interest in the outside world, while a person with deep-set eyes more likely to be interested in inner world interlocutor. Widely spaced eyes convey the detachment and coldness of their owner, and closely set suggest both his somewhat timidity and his tendency to fix attention on details.
Visual contact is one of the most thin forms communication that can only be established between two people. It can be seen as a more effective means of expressing and exchanging feelings than verbal contact, since making visual contact with a person is almost the same as touching him with your hand. For example, when the eyes of a man and a woman meet, ecstatic excitement may arise to such an extent that its currents seem to run through the whole body. At the same time, the eyes are wide open, an invitation is read in them, and the look has a clear erotic connotation.
It is believed that if you look closely, you can see something in the eyes of a person. This is the main reason why some people try to avoid eye contact: for one reason or another, they do not look at the interlocutor, as they fear that their eyes may open some kind of veil and betray their secret to another person. People who are nervous, timid, or those who have something to hide tend to shy away from making such contact and try to get away from a direct look. However, many try to lower their eyes if the situation forces them to express something uncomfortable or unpleasant for the interlocutor.
No one focuses their eyes on another person all the time, the gaze usually flickers from object to object. In general, we can say that people are divided into two categories: watching and listening.
Studies conducted by experts have shown: if someone has gaze is often directed upwards, this means that a person is engaged in the visualization of a certain frame from the past, that is, as if reproducing it in his brain. This person is just one of those who are watching. On the contrary, people usually looking away, play something sound in memory, so they belong to the category of those who listen. A person's gaze fixed in the same direction for a significant period of time, suggests that this person thinks in visual images and that he may have rich imagination. Such people tend to focus on gift wrapping, appearance the interlocutor, the clothes in which he is dressed, the details of his appearance and other details. Without a doubt, and in everything that concerns himself, the visualizer shows exactly the same scrupulous attention to detail. If a person, on the contrary, has a habit stare at the interlocutor, then he concentrates on information perceived with the help of the ears rather than the eyes; this type of personality has an excellent memory for conversations, sounds or songs. It is likely that he will also have a good sense of rhythm and show more interest in what the interlocutor says than in how he looks.
Most people are convinced of the undoubted significance of the look, and knowing this, they may try to control the expression of their eyes. Therefore, in order to understand the true feelings or emotions of the interlocutor, it is necessary in a conversation with him to observe directly the pupils of his eyes.
Pupils dilate or constrict depending on the circumstances, and this happens completely involuntarily. Pupil reactions belong to the sphere of autonomous nervous system, therefore, a person is not able to consciously control his pupils.
AT in general terms it can be argued that pupil increases in response to favorable stimuli and narrows in response to negative or not entirely pleasant information. Therefore, the pupils of lovers dilate when they look into each other's eyes. The same thing happens to every person if he receives visual stimuli that are favorable for him, such as, for example, contemplation of a beautiful sunset or the sight of appetizing food. It has been proven that when pupils dilate, there is an increase in the size of the peripheral visual field that surrounds an object that is directly in the focus of our gaze. This fact could be explained by the fact that the eyes want to see as much as possible of what looks especially pleasant or attractive to them. There is documented evidence of some women in past centuries using belladonna to dilate their pupils.
One of the ones that betrays a person with a head when, looking at something unpleasant, he brings his hand or one of his fingers to his eyes. In children, this gesture is extremely evident.
Brows
in people with different oval faces give a certain originality of personality. Everything matters here - the density of the eyebrows, their length, location, line pattern. Every detail gives the face individuality. From these details, you can determine whether a person is friendly or more introspective. In any case, the eyebrows are important component body language. With the help of eyebrows, you can convey the most significant gestures.
Eyebrows raised up, are very common mimic gesture. This is often done consciously, with a certain specific intention, and sometimes involuntarily. The difference between voluntary and involuntary gestures is quite obvious. For a casual observer, the unconsciousness of the gesture is much less obvious than its intentionality. In most cases, this gesture means surprise or disapproval. The more emotion is invested in this gesture, the more expressive the resulting facial expression is, and the more wrinkles eventually appear on the forehead.
Some people only have the ability to lift one eyebrow. This gesture has a rather strange effect on the observer and can be used to convey emotions such as interest, surprise or disapproval.
Very often a person expressively raises eyebrows for just a moment. This is a friendly signal that occurs spontaneously when eye contact is made with an acquaintance or with a person with whom one would very much like to get to know. Usually this gesture is accompanied by a smile and is some kind of greeting or invitation to communicate.
Eyebrows go down. In most cases, this gesture means almost the same thing as furrowing your eyebrows. It can also be conscious or instinctive, and the difference is only in the degree of emphasis of the gesture. Lowered eyebrows are mostly a sign of anger or disapproval, although in individual cases they express a state of deep thought. If a person is angry or does not agree with something, then he, as a rule, lowers his eyebrows. This gesture is conscious and volitional, it is usually accompanied by a characteristic verbal expression, which clearly demonstrates the corresponding state of a person. However, if this is a sign of deep thought, then in most cases the person demonstrating this gesture does not realize this.
According to Western scientists, this feature of the structure of the skull in representatives of the strong half of humanity indicates certain character traits and other features of the behavior of men.
Our ancestors had it as a symbol of aggression
A study by a group of scientists from the University of New York who worked with the skull of the most ancient man, who was a descendant of Pithecanthropus, led to the conclusion that the shape of the skull of our ancestors, changing over the millennia in the process of evolution, contributed to the improvement communication skills between hominins.
According to lead author this study Anatomy Professor Paul O'Higgins typical signs the masculinity of men - a square jaw with protruding superciliary arches, which have become stereotypes - is precisely the legacy of their ancestors. According to scientists, the initial role of such a structure of the skull in terms of external perception was to demonstrate aggressiveness, leadership among their own kind.
Paul O'Higgins compares the skull structure of mandrills, in which dominant males have brightly colored bumps on their heads, and their appearance is directly related to increased level testosterone in these individuals in comparison with other representatives of the male part of this genus of marmosets. Thus, this "atavism", inherited by modern men from their distant ancestors, is designed to emphasize the leadership inclinations and masculinity of the representatives of the strong half of humanity.
Testosterone bulging
According to the well-known American anthropologist and researcher of human behavior, the author of a number of methods used in the Western business community, Helen Fisher, some facial features of men are simply “built” by testosterone. Special attention Fisher pays attention to the superciliary arches, according to which, according to the anthropologist, one can easily “read” how manly this or that man is.
According to Helen Fisher, a man with pronounced brow ridges and a heavy jaw is a fighter in life, a strong and domineering nature, accustomed to subjugating others.
“The ability to assess physical strength by the structural features of the skull is a person’s habit of focusing attention primarily on the face,” Fisher confirms. – Even if women see the figure of a man as a whole, they first of all pay attention to his face, which is extremely rich in social information. AT this case grade physical strength is a huge advantage, since the evil and the strong man is a far greater threat than the evil but weak one.
Fischer adds that in relation to women, this mechanism helps to intuitively identify male defenders: personalities with prominent brow ridges appear to them as more experienced in confronting their own kind with force.
Why do they seem more combative
Helen Fisher explains the phenomenon of “chosenness” of men with strongly pronounced brow ridges by the fact that in the human brain there is a mechanism that allows people (especially women) to determine the degree of masculinity of surrounding men with incredible accuracy - precisely by analyzing the top of their skulls. Moreover, this assessment can be made even when everything except the man's face is hidden from view.
“The thing is that the woman’s brain intuitively registers these impulses, and the ability to analyze and critically perceive such information, apparently, was inherited from our distant ancestors,” the anthropologist believes. - Then the protruding superciliary arches of the progenitors of modern man served as a sign of strength, aggression.
Fisher confirms that men with a similar structure of superciliary ridges have high level testosterone in the body, which in turn indicates a strong human immune system. Research by Western scientists suggests that such men, for example, rarely catch colds and have better immune responses to vaccines.
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