Official name:Republic of Kyrgyzstan

Location: Kyrgyzstan is located in Central Asia, bordering Kazakhstan in the north, Uzbekistan in the west, Tajikistan in the southwest, and China in the southeast. Most of the country is occupied by mountains, and most of the central part of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by the Tien Shan mountains. Thanks to this, Kyrgyzstan is famous as a stunningly beautiful place that is the best suited for hiking and outdoor recreation. Kyrgyzstan has no access to the seas and oceans, but still, an ideal beach holiday is possible here thanks to the shores of the warm lake Issyk-Kul. Summers in Kyrgyzstan are quite hot, averaging around 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) – excellent conditions for swimming and relaxing in the mountains. With winter, it gets colder and snow falls, thanks to which residents and guests of Kyrgyzstan devote themselves to all kinds of winter sports, such as skiing. Tourists in this country fully experience the famous Central Asian hospitality and immerse themselves in Kyrgyz culture. The longest epic poem in the world, the Manas epic plays a significant role in Kyrgyz culture and is represented in many sights and monuments.

The Kyrgyz Republic stretches for 900 km from east to west and 410 km from north to south and is located between 39° and 43°N. The total area is almost 200 thousand square meters. km.

Land borders: 4,573 km
China 1063 km, Kazakhstan 1212 km, Tajikistan 984 km, Uzbekistan 1314 km

Population: About 6 million people
Bishkek: 900,000
Osh: 210,000
Jalal-Abad: 70,000
Karakol: 65,000
Tokmok: 60,000

Capital: Bishkek is the political, economic and administrative center of Kyrgyzstan, as well as a place of historical and cultural significance. The city is home to many government agencies, diplomatic missions and international organizations. Bishkek was founded in 1878 and has been the capital since 1926. There are many parks and cafes, as well as museums and shopping centers. In 2015, about a million people lived in Bishkek.

Language: The state language is Kyrgyz, Russian is the official language. Many business and political meetings are held in Russian, while Kyrgyz is widely spoken throughout the country and is the language of parliament. The predominant language spoken in the eastern part of the country is Uzbek. In the Kyrgyz language, a modified Cyrillic alphabet is adopted for writing. Pupils can choose to attend a Russian, Kyrgyz or Uzbek school.

Kyrgyz is part of the Turkic group of languages, it is similar to the Kazakh and Karakalpak languages ​​and very remotely with other Turkic languages ​​- Turkish, Uzbek, Turkmen and Uighur. Many people in Kyrgyzstan speak two or more languages.

Religion: Approximately 80% of the population are Muslims, another 15% are Orthodox, and the remaining 5% profess other religions. However, religious beliefs do not dominate everyday life, but rather are part of the culture and are associated with ethnicity and traditions. Religion, especially Islam, began to play a larger role in public and political life after gaining independence from the atheistic Soviet Union. The government of Kyrgyzstan is secular, although it controls and imposes some restrictions on religious organizations.

Political system: Unitary parliamentary republic.

Government bodies: Parliament (Jogorku Kenesh). The head of government is the prime minister; the head of state is the President.

Administrative-territorial division: Kyrgyzstan is divided into 7 regions: Batken, Osh, Jalal-Abad, Naryn, Issyk-Kul, Chui and Talas; and 2 cities of republican significance - Bishkek and Osh.

Currency: The national currency is the Kyrgyz som, it is equal to 100 tyiyns. Banknotes in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 soms, as well as coins of 1, 3, 5 and 10 soms are in circulation. Tyiyns are rarely used.

National symbols: Flag of Kyrgyzstan, coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz flag: A red rectangle, in the center of which there is a solar disk with forty rays diverging around it. Inside the solar disk is a tyundyuk - the top of the Kyrgyz yurt - which symbolizes Father's house and the universe. 40 sunbeams symbolize 40 ancient tribes of Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyz coat of arms: The emblem depicts a falcon spreading its wings over the Kyrgyz lands and the Tien Shan mountains, as well as rising Sun. The predominant color on the coat of arms is light blue, it symbolizes courage and generosity.

Chui area

Chui region is located in the northern part of the Kyrgyz Republic.

It borders on Kazakhstan in the north and west, on the Naryn region in the south, on the Issyk-Kul region in the east, and on Talas region in the southwest. The region occupies the Chui and Chon-Kemin valleys, the slopes of the mountains of the Kyrgyz, Zaili and Kungei Ala-Too. It is located at an altitude of 550-4895 meters above sea level.

The total occupied area is 20.19 thousand sq.

km population - 772.0 thousand people. (01/01/2000), population density - 38.24 people. for 1 km. Over the past 10 years, the population of the region has decreased by 18.5 thousand people, or by 2.4%, mainly due to the migration of residents of the region outside of Kyrgyzstan. The region is rich in minerals: chromium, nickel, ores of lead and zinc, gold, bismuth, rare earth elements, as well as non-metallic minerals: halite, mineral abolite, gypsum, talc, etc.

There are 4 large reservoirs: Kara-Balta, Sokuluk, Ala-Archa, Chemyuch and a network of small ones. A cascade of hydroelectric power stations was built on the Chui River and the Big Chuisky Canal. Favorable climatic conditions, production resources and developed infrastructure have led to a higher socio-economic level of the region compared to other regions.

The region is the most economically developed region of the republic, has a large production potential; there are large industrial enterprises various sectors of the economy. This is one of those regions where the volume of industrial production exceeds agricultural.

In terms of industrial development, the Chui region ranks first among the regions of the republic, and in terms of production per capita, the region's indicators are higher than the national average. It is the most developed industrial region with a high concentration of production and high labor productivity. The enterprises of the region are among the largest in the country.

In the region there is the Kyrgyz mining plant, which works for the export of Kyrgyz gold; Bakai JSC, Kant cement-slate plant, Tokmok sheet glass plant, Keminsky cable plant, Keminsky ETZ, Koshoi JSC, Kainda sugar plant, etc. Due to the lack of natural moisture in the flat part of the Chui Valley, agricultural production is based on irrigated agriculture, for which favorable conditions are created by spring-summer floods, and only 15-20% of irrigated lands are watered by irrigation systems. The region has a large potential for arable land (33.5%) in the total land resource of the republic.

The soil and climatic conditions of the Chui Valley are favorable not only for the cultivation of sugar beet, alfalfa, vegetables and melons, but also suitable for the cultivation of rice, cotton, and mulberry. The region is the absolute leader in the turnover of the most important types of products.

In terms of exports, it ranks first among the regions of the republic, and in terms of imports, it ranks second (after Bishkek).

Naryn region

Area - 47.2 thousand m2

Population - 267,564 thousand people (population census 1999)

Naryn region is located in the southeastern part of the Kyrgyz Republic, in the very center of the Asian continent.

The region borders on China, Chui, Jalal-Abad, Issyk-Kul regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. A significant part of the territory is mountain ranges, the climate is continental, arid, several natural and climatic zones can be observed: at an altitude of 1400-1600 m above sea level desert, 1600-1800 m semi-desert, 1800-2000 m steppe, 2500-4000 m subalpine and alpine belts , above 4000 m is a zone of eternal snow. There are more than 5000 rivers and a stream in the Naryn region.

The high-mountain part of the ranges is occupied by glaciers, which give rise to many rivers that go far beyond the borders of the region, such is the Chu River, which irrigates the fields of the Chui Valley, the beginning of the Tarim River in China. Naryn is the main water artery of the Kyrgyz Republic, the main component of the river.

The Syr Darya is the second river in Central Asia after the Amu Darya. Its length is 807 km, the height difference is 1,715 meters, which determines its high potential energy, which is promising and attractive for the construction of a hydroelectric power station. In terms of hydropower reserves, the NARYN River is included in the top ten rivers of the CIS countries.

Only the Naryn River and its tributaries can produce 36.475 billion kWh of electricity per year. About 600 small and large rivers flow into it. To date, the At-Bashi HPP of low capacity operates.

Republic of Kyrgyzstan

It is planned to build another 6 HPPs of medium capacity. Further construction of HPPs on the Tien Shan rivers has great prospects and reserves for the development of micro HPPs and energy in the Kyrgyz Republic. There are numerous alpine lakes in the region. The largest of them are SON-KOL, CHATYR-KOL.

Batken region

The Batken region was formed in October 1999 with the regional center Batken, 230 km.

The territory of Batken region is 16995 sq. km. Batken, Kadamzhai and Leilek districts and the cities of Kyzyl-Kiya and Sulukta are located on the territory of the region. The territory of the region covers the wide expanses of the Fergana Valley, the foothills of the Turkestan and Alai Ranges, the valleys of the Isfairam-Sai, Shaimerden, Ak-Suu, Sokh, Isfara, Kara-Suu and Leilek rivers, which supply water to the main irrigation system.

The region borders on the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Leninabad region of the Republic of Tajikistan.

The climate is continental, with hot summers and moderately cold winters. The average air temperature is +27°C in July and -3°C in January. The average annual rainfall is 200-500mm.

Natural and climatic conditions are favorable for the development of all industries Agriculture.

people of which: labor resources 187.3 thousand people, the number of economically active population 124.64 thousand people, including 115.9 thousand people employed in all sectors of the economy. Representatives of 60 nations and nationalities, ethnic groups live in the region.

As of January 1, 2000 in Batken oblast, the number of economic legal entities and individuals amounted to 7599 units, and in comparison with the state as of January 1, 1999.

increased by 969 units, or 14.6%. Their largest share is registered in agriculture - 3157 units (51.5%), trade and public catering - 2844 (37.4%), industry - 533 (7.0%), transport and communications - 301 (4.1 %).

AT state property there are 2.2% of economic entities, communal - 2.0% and private ownership - 95.8%.

Batken region is rich in mineral deposits, such as antimony, mercury, coal, gold, silver, tantalum, oil and gas.

There are large reserves of raw materials for the production of building materials.

The priority direction of the economic growth of the region is the development and modernization of the processing and Food Industry, which is based on the processing of local raw materials.

Issues related to the creation of joint ventures, the introduction of the latest technologies, the modernization and technical re-equipment of existing production facilities, the formation of a favorable investment climate to attract foreign and domestic investment, to enter the world market with competitive products, are being resolved, for this purpose it is planned to create free economic and customs zones on the territory of Batken region.

Issyk-Kul region

There are 5 districts, 63 rural councils in the region.

The population is about 410 thousand people.

The HDI value for the region, according to the data for 1998, was 0.70, for its growth during 1995-98. mainly influenced by the increase in GRP due to the implementation of the Kumtor project. In general, in terms of the level of per capita regional product in terms of PPP, the region ranks 3rd in the country, second only to Bishkek and Chui region. However, it should be noted that the gold mining industry, which only partly belongs to the regional economy, has a very large share in this indicator.

In the structure of the regional economy, the share of the service sector is also relatively high (due to the resort area).

Development is essential for the future of the regional economy transport infrastructure.

In most transport schemes, the region occupies the end places, as it is limited by high mountain ranges. Two road projects are usually cited as priorities in this plan. The first is a road that directly connects the east of the region with South-East Kazakhstan. The improvement of this transport corridor could make it much easier for local products to reach important export markets. The second one is the shortest route from the city of Almaty (Kazakhstan), the most important external tourist market, to the resort area of ​​the region (construction has already begun, but there are not enough funds to build a high-quality road).

Issyk-Kul Lake is a unique natural wealth of the region.

Its preservation is not only the preservation of the natural environment for people's lives, but also a guarantee further development tourism industry.

Osh region

There are 4 districts in the region. The population is over 1170 thousand people.

About a third of the population of the republic lives in the Osh region (the population of one Kara-Suu region is more than 270 thousand people).

people, which exceeds the population of Talas and Naryn regions). Here is the second largest city in the country - Osh (more than a quarter of a million inhabitants). The region is part of the Ferghana Valley, a region of ancient culture.

The city of Osh will soon celebrate its 3000th anniversary. The region has many mineral resources and good conditions for growing cotton, vegetables and fruits. Nevertheless, agrarian overpopulation, unfavorable location in relation to the main existing communication routes and the least advanced industrialization cause the region to lag behind in most indicators of human development.

The main direction of overcoming the backlog of the region is to accelerate the development of its economy.

For this essential conditions are the improvement of transport infrastructure, primarily the roads Bishkek - Osh and Osh - Sary-Tash - Irkeshtam, and the overcoming of customs and other border barriers to the development of trade relations in the region.

An important role in this regard can be played by regional integration and cooperation within the Fergana region.

We can talk about certain specific features of the mentality, culture and lifestyle of the population of the region. Many districts of the region gravitate towards the traditional way of life, which was formed in the ancient center of civilization - the Ferghana Valley.

Jalal-Abad region

There are 8 districts and 75 rural administrations in the region, the population is about 870 thousand people.

The region belongs to the southern region of the country. On the other hand, it also has such features as a fairly developed industrial sector, which includes all the major hydroelectric power plants in the country, almost all oil and gas production, oil refining, and the largest enterprises in the electrical and semiconductor industries.

Despite the fact that the region belongs to the Fergana region, which has ancient traditions of efficient agriculture. Therefore, for the development of this area, the ongoing project for the reconstruction of the Bishkek-Osh highway is of paramount importance.

Talas region

There are 4 districts and 36 rural administrations in the region.

The Talas region occupies 6% of the total territory of the republic and is the most sparsely populated (about 200 thousand people).

Far from mainstream economically developed regions and small, the area is traditionally agricultural.

Favorable natural conditions and high availability of land are the prerequisites for the fact that in terms of per capita agricultural production, the region is second only to the Chui region. The industry is represented mainly by small processing enterprises. The main markets for agricultural products are the border regions of Kazakhstan and the Chui region. In economic development, it is associated with the Jerooy gold mining project.

Talas region as a whole is a prosperous region in terms of the state of the environment.

Land border crossing points of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan has borders with four countries - Kazakhstan, China, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. On the border with each country, Kyrgyzstan has checkpoints with a certain mode of operation.

Some checkpoints are remote from settlements (for example, near the Kyzyl-Art, Torugart, Irkeshtam mountain passes), and therefore it is recommended to book a transfer to / from the border in advance.

Kyrgyzstan - General Information

Double check for all required documents. Check out the list of border crossing points in Kyrgyzstan, their names and approximate opening hours, but please note that opening hours may change from time to time.

Kyrgyzstan - Kazakhstan

Name of the checkpoint and location in Kyrgyzstan	Checkpoint name and location in Kazakhstan	Working mode
Ak-Jol - road Chui region, Kordai village	Korday - road	24 hours
Chaldabar - road Chui region, Panfilovsky district	Aisha Bibi-Road Jambyl Region
Ak-Tilek - road Chui region, Issyk-Ata district	Karasu - road Jambyl Region	Daylight hours, until 18:00
Karkyra – road* Issyk-Kul region, Tyup district	Kegen - road Alma-Ata's region	Daylight hours, until 18:00
Chon-Kapka Manas district, Talas region	Zhibek Zholy Kordai district, Zhambyl region	Daylight hours, until 18:00

*The checkpoint is open seasonally, from May to September/October.

Kyrgyzstan - China

*Checkpoints are closed on Saturday, Sunday and public holidays in China.

Checkpoints on the Chinese side operate according to Chinese time.

Kyrgyzstan - Tajikistan

*The checkpoint is closed for tourists.

Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan

Economic Geography of Egemend Kyrgyzstanstown

Barakelde — Geography of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan is destiny. Kyrgyzstan and Aimaginin Turttin is an inactive gunsmith. Beyiktigi 7439 was published in the list of countries and countries of Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyndyn Aimagi Ekito Sisteasynyn Ailanasynda Zhaygashkan. Ayanty boyncha chyo tandyk-chygysh blygg Tien-Shanga kiret. Tүstүk-batish taraba Pamir-Alay tooloruna karit. Kyrgyzstan and a Muslim checks Aralya too much kirkalar arkiluu өtөt.

Republican Bardyk is 401 meters away.

An abundance of 1000 to 3000 to 3000 tons of cheese is more than 4000 metric treasured heibins. In addition, Kirkalars aymaktyn tөrttөn bir bөlүgүn eeleyt Jean are casually thrifty punishing Beery-Birina zhanasha uzatasynan zhaygashkan.

Chygyshta Tien Shandyn negizgi Too much kyrkalary basymduu kyrkasyn tүzүp LLP, TOO Meridiandyk kyrkasynyn rayonunda zhakyndashyp ketet.

Bull-pole Kytay, Kazakhstan chekteshken zherlerde Zhenish Chokusu (7439) Jean-Teíniri kana (6995) kөtөrүlөt.

Bashka orographical-elemerter — Akshirak matrix Kөkshal Too much kyrkasy Tesco Ala-Too kyrkasy, Kүngөy Ala Too many kirkas, kirkas Kyrgyzstan, Ferghana kirkas.

The Kyrgyz license for a 1609-meter two-year-old meter is a boycott of the Beshinchinsky oren Zhan, a zhetinchi boy oranda-turgan Issyk-kol kilzh zhaygashkan.

Anin jakterinde kp sandagan es aluu chu jailar, boarding house, sanatorium, tourist bazaar bar.

Kүngөy Ala-Too kyrkasy Menen Teskei Ala-Too kyrkalarynyn ortosunda Issyk-kol zhaygashkan. Sok-Kul Zana Chatyr-Kul and Cho-kldraddin Katarna kiret.

Wikipedia in Kyrgyzstan: Kyrgyzstan on our wiki pages.

Issyk-Kөldөn 50 Çakır Chygysh tarapta Merzbacher tooluu, muzduu kөlү zhaygashkan. Kөldүn үstүndө dayyma muzdar kalkyp zhүrөt, Zhai mezgilinde suunun kөlөmү kөbөyүp, tags, Subatov elements of Burkan-Sharkan tүshүp Joc bolup ketkendigi Menen belgilүү.

Kyrgyzstan Batysh taraba Batysh Tien Shan Tool Tool is available. Aninsky element negizgi orographickalik - Talas өrөөnү, Talas Ala-Too Kyrkalary, Chatkal Too Kyrkalary.

Kyrgyzstantintisk-batysh of the aimagina tundra, Ferghana

Kyrgyzstandyn tүshtүgүnө Tүrkistan kyrkalarynyn tүndүk Tarab fashions, fashions kyrkasy Alai Alai Alai өrөөnү Hana fashions kyrkasynyn tүndүk Taraba (Egemendүүlүk Chokus) Kirety.

Geography Jaktan Kyrgyzstan ekbolүkkө bөlүnөt.

Tanduk Hana tšštuk. Tүndүk Menen tүshtүk Biyik tooluu Bishkek-Osh highway menen baylanyshtyrylyp Turati. Tүndүktөn tүshtүkkө Кетков Tөө Жол-Ашуу (deңiz deңgeelinen 3800 метр biyiktikte) ashuusu, Суусамыр өrөөnү, Ала-Бель ashuusu (3200 м), Чычкан Коруков аймака, Токтогул saktagychy Су, Бел-Кок (2700) Жан Ферганская өrөөnү arkyluu өtөt.

Bishkek Chaarindag district: Lenin, October, Birinchi Mai, Sverdlov.

Batken oblistindagi district: Batken, Kadamzhai, Leilek.

Oblak Karamagyndagy Shaarlar: Batken, Kyzyl-Kya, it seems.

Jalal-Abad region, Karashtuu district: Aksy Ala-Buka, Bazar-Korgon, Nooken, Suzak, Toguz Toro Toktogul, Chatkal. Oblus karamagyndagy shaarlar: Jalal-Abad, Kara-kol, Mayli-Su, Tash Kumr.

Issyk-Kul-regional district of Karashtu: Ak-Suu, Jeti-Өgүz, Ton, Tүp, Issyk-Kul.

Oblak Karamagyndagy Shaarlar: Karakol, Balykchy.

Naryn is irradiated by Karashtinsky region: Ak-Talaa, At-Bashi, Jumgal, Kochkor, Naryn. Naryn irisununun karamgindagi shaar: Naryn.

Osh region of Karashtinsky district: Alai, Aravan, Kara-Kulza, Kara-Suu, Nookat, Kizhun, Choi-Alai.

Welsh region Karashtun region: Bakai-Ata, Kara-Buura, Manas, Talas.

Whose radiations are the Karashtu region: Alamdun, Zhaiyl, Issyk-Ata, Kemin, Moscow, Panfilov, Sokuluk, ch.

Most visited content: Tokmok.

Kyrgyzstan 7 administrative-territorial unit bөlүnөt — Chүy, Talas, Issyk-Kol, Naryn Jalal-Abad, Osh and Batken.

Sayasy Partilar:"Ata-Jurt" partiyasy - leader Tashiev "Kyrgyzstandagy social Demokrattar partiyasy" - leader Almazbek Atambaev, "Ar-Namys" partiyasy - leader Felix Kulov, "Respublika" partiyasy - Leaders Өmүrbek Babanov, "Ata Meken" partiyasy - Leaders Өmүrbek Tekebaev, "Bүtүn Kyrgyzstan" partiyasy - leader Adakhan Madumarov, "Ak Shumkar" partiyasy - head of TEMIRA Sariev, "Meken yntymagy" partiyasy - leaders Temirbek Asanov, "Kyrgyzstandagy kommunistter partiyasy" - head of Bүmayram Mamaseitova.

Kyrgyz producers of organic products:

Arktiklylygi: autonomylyk aiyl-charbasy.

2000-jyldan bastap zherler zheke menchikke berlin. Altids exportto zhana symap.

Gidroenergetikalyk potential of the Naryn cascade - kubattuulugu Toktogul Gacy 1200 MW, 800 MW kubattuulugu, Kүrpsay Geisite, Tashkömүr Gacy, Shamaldy-Geisi says Үch Korgon Gacy, kurulup zhatkan Kambarata OH - 1, OH Kambaratinsky - second

Urandine reserves zhan republican aymagynda bayuunun joldoru (Kara-Balta pre-ken mills - zheke menchik company) AESke koldonu үchүn.

Surmanin Cho is booked by Jane Seirek who is crawling on a metal bar.

tourism

Ters Jaktary: Mamlekettik cosmyl. ZSSR mezgilinin akirs zhyldarindag econominann tөmөn tүshүүүүү.

2009 zhyly zhalpy nominal fashion fashion goods 4580000000 CABG dollaryn tүzgөn. Satyp aluu mүmkүnchүlүgүnүn parity boyuncha eseptelingen moda dүң produktsiyasy 11.66 CABG dollaryn tүzөt. 48% zhumushchul aryl charba zhghumushtar jana small charbaby Menen alexenet.

Kyrgyz cheese gnaws 2008-zildyn ayaginda 3.467 billion AKSh dollars tuzgun.

Negizinen USSR kulagandan kiyin өnөr-Zhi ishkanalarynyn toktotulushunan Zhan kvalifikatsiyaluu Zhan Orus tildүү inzhenerlerdin Zhan zhumushchulardyn massalyk tүrdө ketүүsүnөn 1990-1996-zhyldary Kyrgyzstan ekonomikasy Ekamөgөn t.

Onor Zhai Kyrgyzstanstandyn testise dүң productionsynyn 15.9% gana ondүrөt.

Below is a list of Kehl Task Manager's most active users: Beery Bugatti Altyn is Zhai's account with 40% Eun.

2003 zhyly Kyrgyzstan Altyn 22.5 tons, KMS is a registered trademark of Orus Jean. This is a list of registered trademarks.

2000 year report on economic changes in Bastalgan.

Kyrgyzstan ar-kandai syepter menen mamlekettik ishkanalardin 70% s privattashtyrlgan. Choi Ishkanalardın bir bөlүgү Akaevdin үy-bүlosu arkyluu kөzөmөldөnүp turgan.

Bishkek is the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic

Bishkek is the most Big city in Kyrgyzstan, as well as the modern cultural, political and economic center of the republic. This is a quiet place with wide streets and beautiful houses with a special, measured rhythm of life.

Arriving in Bishkek, the first thing that attracts attention is that the city is literally buried in greenery. A large number of parks makes the air unusually fresh and clean. Generally, there are more trees per capita than any other city in Central Asia.

Geographical position

The city is located in the heart of the Chui valley, at the foot of the snow-white mountain of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too, at an altitude of 750 m above sea level.

The territory of the territory is 160 square meters.

Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) Kyrgyzstan

climate

The climate in Bishkek is strongly continental, and mean annual temperature is 10.2 C. The coldest month is January (-24.7 ° C), the warmest July (34.5 ° C).

population

In 2012, the number of inhabitants of Bishkek was 1 million people in height 42 thousand 783 people, of which 579,000 were women, of which 344,000,528 (60 percent) were young - 23,000,220 of them in reproductive age.

The population in Bishkek is ethnically heterogeneous.

Kyrgyzstan up to 51%, Russian - 20%, the remaining 29% are ethnic groups such as Ukrainians, Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Germans, Tajiks, Koreans, etc. Bishkek is divided into four administrative divisions.

Most residents of the capital express Sunni Islam. Orthodoxy is widespread in the city, which is mainly owned by the Russian population.

story

Bishkek was founded in 1825 on the ruins of an ancient fort and fortress Pishpek-Kokand Pishpek, from the 7th to the 13th century communes trading the city along trail trails.

After the 13th century, settlements from the nomadic tribes of the Kyrgyz people appeared on the site of the fortress and settlements, which continued until 1825, when the ancient city of Pishpek revived. During this time, the military commandant of Kokand won the exploitation of civil clashes between the Kirghiz region, Pishpek.

The city became the place where collectors, merchants and artisans of Kokand settled. In 1862, during the clashes between Russia and Kokand, the city was conquered by Russian troops. After the defeat of the Kokand Khanate, the population of Pishpek and the Chui valley voluntarily became part of Russia.

Farmers from different regions of Russia began to move to the city and the valley. They shared their farming experience with the locals and built European-style houses.

The rapid development of the city began after 1917. In 1926, in honor of the revolutionary and statesman Pishpek, it was renamed Frunze.

AT Soviet time Frunze developed general trends for all the capitals of the Union. Architects and engineers from Moscow and Leningrad took part in urban planning. During this time, a large number of educational institutions, theaters, museums in the Frunze region, a philharmonic society, a central store and the central register of the city were built.

When Kyrgyzstan became a sovereign state in 1991, it was renamed Bishkek. Despite the fact that the decision to change the name of the capital was made relatively recently, no one knows a clear explanation for the name Bishkek.

Some sources claim that the city is known as a special wooden spoon for cooking the old way of kumis - a symbol of the ancient nomadic Kyrgyz, other sources say that the capital was named after one of the forty most daring and brave warriors Manas.

The article uses information from the website

Territory of the Kyrgyz Republic

The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz Kyrgyz Respublikasy), the official name is the Kyrgyz Republic, abbr. - Kyrgyzstan, abbr. official - Kyrgyzstan is a state in the east of Central Asia, mainly within the western and central parts of the Tien Shan and the northern part of the Pamirs.

It borders in the north with Kazakhstan, in the west - with Uzbekistan, in the southwest - with Tajikistan, in the southeast and east - with China.

Kyrgyzstan has no access to the sea.

More than three quarters of the territory of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by mountains. Pobeda Peak, with a height of 7439 m, is the highest point in the country (the northernmost seven-thousander on earth from China, Pobeda Peak is called Mount Tomur).

The territory of Kyrgyzstan is located within two mountain systems. Its northeastern part, which is larger in area, lies within the Tien Shan, the southwestern - within the Pamir-Alay.

The state borders of Kyrgyzstan pass mainly along the crests of mountain ranges. Only in the north and south-west, in the densely populated Chui and Fergana valleys, along the foothills of the mountains and foothill plains.

The entire territory of the republic lies above 401 m above sea level; more than half of it is located at altitudes from 1000 to 3000 m and about a third - at altitudes from 3000 to 4000 m. Mountain ranges occupy about a quarter of the territory and extend in parallel chains mainly in the latitudinal direction.

In the east, the main ranges of the Tien Shan converge in the region of the Meridional Range, creating a powerful mountain junction. Here (on the border with China and Kazakhstan) the peaks of Pobeda (7439 m) and Khan-Tengri (6995 m) rise.

The most important orographic elements:

• massif Akshiyrak
• Kokshal-Too ridge (highest point - Dankov Peak, 5982 m)
• ridge Terskey Ala-Too
• ridge Kungei Ala-Too
• Kyrgyz Range
• Ferghana Range

In the northeast, at an altitude of 1609 m above sea level, there is the fifth in the world in terms of water volume and the sixth in depth, which is included in the group of the main attractions of Kyrgyzstan - the mountain lake Issyk-Kul, on the banks of which there are numerous boarding houses, sanatoriums and tourist bases.

The lake is located in the Issyk-Kul basin, between the ridges Terskey Ala-Too (from the south) and Kungei Ala-Too (from the north). Of the large lakes, there are also Son-Kol and Chatyr-Kul. 50 km east of Lake Issyk-Kul is the mountain glacial lake Merzbacher with icebergs floating on the surface, famous for the fact that in the summer, after gaining a certain level, the water quickly disappears with noise.

The western part of Kyrgyzstan is located within the Western Tien Shan. Its most important orographic elements:

• Talas valley
• ridge Talas Ala-Too
• Chatkal Range

In the southwest, the borders of Kyrgyzstan include the northern, eastern and southern outskirts of the Fergana basin with foothills.

In the south, Kyrgyzstan includes the northern slope of the Turkestan Range, the Alai Range, the Alai Valley and the northern slope of the Trans-Alay Range (Lenin Peak, 7134 m), which is the northern outskirts of the Pamirs.

Geographically, Kyrgyzstan is conditionally divided into two parts - south (southwest) and north. The northern and southern regions are connected by the Bishkek-Osh high-mountain highway.

On the way of the highway north - south, the Teo-Ashuu pass (3800 m above sea level), the Suusamyr valley, the Ala-Bel pass (3200 m), the Chychkan protected area, the Toktogul reservoir, the Kek-Bel pass (2700 m) and the exit to the Fergana valley are overcome

Water resources

There are more than 3,000 lakes within Kyrgyzstan, including the picturesque Issyk-Kul Lake, one of the deepest in the world (maximum depth 668 m).

Large rivers - Chu, Naryn and Talas - originate in the highlands. Chu flows in the north, along it for 145 km the border of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan passes. The Naryn River, merging with the Karadarya River, forms the Syrdarya River, which flows eastward into the Ferghana Valley. Talas drains northeastern Kyrgyzstan.

Climate

Kyrgyzstan has a continental climate.

The western and northern slopes of the mountains receive more precipitation. The amount of precipitation increases with altitude up to 5000 m. At higher altitudes, precipitation falls in the form of snow, and frosts are possible even in summer.

The average annual amount of precipitation on the northern slopes is approx. 750 mm, on the southwestern slopes of the Ferghana Range - 950 mm, and on the northeastern - 230 mm.

Average January temperatures range from -2 to -8 C in the valleys and from -8 to -20 C in the mid-altitude mountains. In the highlands, the average January temperatures are approx. -28 C. In many regions of Kyrgyzstan, except for the highlands, there are often thaws in winter. Summers are hot and dry, with average July temperatures of 20–27 C in the valleys, 15–17 C in the middle mountains, and 5 C or lower in the highlands.

Flora and fauna

The flora of Kyrgyzstan is very diverse, with at least 1/4 of all endemic species.

The Tien Shan is characterized by the presence of a forest belt of Tien Shan spruce, which is replaced higher by juniper thickets and subalpine meadows. Nut-bearing forests (from walnuts) have been preserved in some places in the northern mountainous frame of the Ferghana Valley. In the highlands, subalpine and alpine meadows are common, which have been used for many years as summer pastures for sheep.

Republic of Kyrgyzstan

At the highest levels of the relief, a subnival belt with stone placers and snowfields is widely developed. Herbaceous plants there are extremely few, mosses and lichens are common.

In the foothills, ephemeral deserts, semi-deserts and dry steppes are common, higher up they are replaced by shrubs and light forests.

Teke mountain goat, argali mountain sheep, snow leopard, stone marten, red wolf, gray and red mountain marmots live in the highlands.

Roe deer, wolf, ermine, wild boar, lynx, brown bear, fox, and marten are common in the forest mountain belt. The steppe foothill regions and adjacent plains are characterized by numerous species of rodents, including the yellow ground squirrel, large jerboa, red-tailed gerbil, various reptiles, among ungulates - goitered gazelle, among birds - partridges, bustards, etc.

The article used information from the site

KYRGYZZ - Turkic people. They are the main population of Kyrgyzstan, where their number is 3.8 million people. They also live in other states of Central Asia and neighboring countries. The Kyrgyz population is in Uzbekistan (about 250 thousand), China (160 thousand), Russia (100 thousand), Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Ukraine.

The total number of Kyrgyz in the world can be up to 4.5 million. At the same time, the figure is approximate, since accurate data are not always enough, for some countries there are only rough estimates. The Kyrgyz language is part of the Altaic language family, Turkic group. The Russian alphabet is used for writing. According to religious views, the majority of the Kyrgyz are Sunni Muslims.

The ancestors of the Kyrgyz come from two regions. Firstly, these are the inhabitants of Central Asia and Southern Siberia. Secondly, the Central Asians. The formation of the Kyrgyz ethnos took about five hundred years. It began on the border of the 1st and 2nd millennium AD, ended in the 15th-16th century. a significant role the Yenisei Kirghiz played in this process. They moved to the Tien Shan region in the 9th-10th centuries.

It is believed that the historical ancestral home of the Kirghiz is the northwest of Mongolia. In the 9th century, the Yenisei Kirghiz conquered many tribes in the region, extending their power as far as Manchuria and Turkestan. They were engaged in the persecution of the Uighur people, which led the Kirghiz to the Tien Shan.

Later the situation changed. Many of the occupied lands were lost as a result of clashes with the Khitans. Two Kirghiz principalities were formed, but they did not last long. The period was approaching Mongol conquests. Under the pressure of Genghis Khan, these states lost their independence in 1209. Much later, in the 16th century, the Russians first reached the Yenisei and met with the Kirghiz, who by that time had become a small group.

In the meantime, the Kirghiz people in its modern form arose in the Tien Shan region. Under her leadership, many tribes of Turks, Mongols, Kazakhs were united. The final formation of the people was completed in the 18th century. Relations between the Kirghiz and the Russians strengthened in the next century. The first began to take Russian citizenship, until by the 1870s Kyrgyzstan became part of Russian Empire. After the October Revolution, the Kirghiz SSR was created. The collapse of the USSR in 1991 led to the emergence of an independent state - the Republic of Kyrgyzstan.

The traditional occupation of the Kyrgyz was cattle breeding. Some of the people spent almost their entire lives in nomad camps, others - only certain periods of the annual cycle, and the rest of the time they lived settled. Initially, the main animals were horses and camels. After joining the Russian Empire, there was an increase in sheep breeding, and there was more cattle.

Due to climatic features (hot and arid climate), agriculture played a lesser role among the Kirghiz. Also, the Kirghiz have been famous since ancient times as good hunters. The artisans of the people made carpets, felt, fabrics, mats, processed wood and leather, were engaged in the production jewelry, blacksmithing. In the Pamir region, mining of gold and rock crystal was widespread. They sold coal.

In the USSR, there has been a transition of the Kirghiz to a settled way of life. The mechanization of agriculture was carried out, the settled way of life was also promoted by industrial growth. A class of intelligentsia was formed. Currently, the Kyrgyz combine a high level of development with devotion to traditional culture. Sports competitions are popular - horse racing and wrestling, called enishch. Folklore has been preserved - songs, music, the heroic epic work "Manas", improvisational poetry of akyns.

It often happens that in Russia one official name of the state (country) or republic is adopted, and in the national language the official name of the same state (country, republic) sounds completely different. Many such examples with double names of republics (countries, states) can be found on Wikipedia. For example, you can type in any Internet search engine the phrase "Wikipedia Kyrgyzstan".

During Soviet times, this country was officially included in the list of member states of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In Russia, this state was officially called the "Kyrgyz Republic", however, the inhabitants of the country believe that the correct name of their native state is not the Kyrgyz, but the Kyrgyz Republic. What is the option official name state is considered correct? Accepted in Russia or adopted in Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan)?

What is the correct name for the Republic of Kyrgyzstan?

In fact, both versions of the official name of the state "Kyrgyz Republic" have the right to exist, despite the fact that one of them ("Kyrgyzstan") is adopted exclusively in Russia, and the second version ("Kyrgyzstan") is distributed exclusively among the indigenous inhabitants of the state . This is due to the following reasons:

• Language differences between Russia and the Kyrgyz Republic;
• established historical tradition;
• With the fact that the sound "y" in Russia is found in words much less frequently than in Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan);
• With aspiration local residents countries of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) to their cultural and ethnic identity and independence from Russia.

Residents of Russia are much more accustomed to calling this country “Kyrgyzstan”, since the words “Kyrgyzstan”, “Kyrgyz” sound somewhat unusual for the Russian ear. In contrast, speakers of the Kyrgyz (Kyrgyz) language recognize only one variant of the name of their country. This option sounds like "Kyrgyz Republic" or "Kyrgyzstan". So there is simply no consensus on this matter., it cannot be, this is quite understandable. In Russia they say "Kyrgyz", and in Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) they say "Kyrgyz", "Kyrgyzstan". But “Kyrgyzstan” and “Kyrgyzstan” are one and the same country.

Linguistic explanation of different names for the same country

Are Kyrgyzstan and Kyrgyzstan two different countries? No. In fact, the “Kyrgyz Republic” and the “Kyrgyz Republic” are one and the same. How to say correctly, "Kyrgyz" or "Kyrgyz" - it all depends on what language the person speaks. In Russia, in Russian, this country is called the "Kyrgyz Republic" or "Kyrgyzstan", in Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic), in Kyrgyz, it is called the "Kyrgyz Republic" or "Kyrgyzstan".

Linguists explain this phenomenon as follows:

What is the name of Kyrgyzstan in other languages

Thus, in Russia it is traditional to say and write "Kyrgyzstan", "Kyrgyz", "Kyrgyzstan", "Kyrgyz" and "Kyrgyz". On the contrary, in Turkic languages it is customary to speak and write “Kyrgyzstan”, “Kyrgyz”, “Kyrgyz”, “Kyrgyz”.

What is the name of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) in other languages ​​of the world:

Native speakers of the Kyrgyz language: a brief background

In Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) at the moment there are about a little more than five million people. Basically, these are speakers of the Kyrgyz (Kyrgyz) language - the Kyrgyz, one of the largest nationalities of the Turkic language group. Native speakers live throughout the country, especially many Kyrgyz (Kyrgyz) live in rural areas, while in cities there are much more representatives of other nationalities.

Also on the territory of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) there are many Tajiks, Uighurs and representatives of the Dungan people. Russian population and native speakers of the Russian language belonging to other nationalities, is only one percent of total population states. Most of the country's inhabitants live in the valleys. These are the Chui Valley, which borders the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Fergana Valley, which borders the Republic of Uzbekistan. Also, a high population density is observed in the valleys of the Naryn and Talas rivers. Another densely populated region of the country is the hollow

The main sights of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) has a unique history which goes back to antiquity. The country has more than five thousand archaeological and architectural sites that have played an important role in the history of the state.

The location of Kyrgyzstan, the lack of proximity to the sea and the proximity to the desert regions of Central and Central Asia, the significant elevation of the land above sea level and the significant bifurcation of the relief have become the reason for the exceptional originality and originality of natural landscapes. The country has turbulent mountain rivers, beautiful lakes that are high in the mountains, numerous picturesque and powerful waterfalls, high mountain peaks and ridges, fantastic cliffs, various mountain gorges, passes, healing water fountains, mysterious caves.

The picturesque Chui Valley is famous for its turbulent mountain rivers and unusually diverse natural and territorial complexes.

Not far from the capital there are natural attractions, such as the very picturesque mountain gorge Chunkurchak at the upper mouth of the Alamedin River, the nearby Alamedinskoye hot springs field, the Chon-Aryk State Botanical Reserve in the Besh-Kungey lands, the amazingly beautiful natural gorges of Kara-Balta, Aspara, Dzhilamish, as well as Kegeti with its the world-famous powerful waterfall.

No other country in Central Asia has such a large number of healing springs as in the Chui Valley.

The main historical and architectural monuments of Kyrgyzstan are largely associated with the peoples who lived on this land before the advent of the Kirghiz (Kyrgyz). The most striking example is the ancient Buran settlement, on the territory of which there is a twenty-meter tower built a thousand years ago. It used to be twice as high than now, but then it was seriously damaged by the earthquake and partially went underground as a result of a failure in the ground. In addition to this unique tower, the ruins of ancient buildings and fragments of a double powerful fortress wall have been preserved in the ancient settlement. There are also several reserves there, including the world-famous large national park Ala-Archa.

Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) attracts travelers from all over the world not only with the convenience and first-class service of its tourist hotels in the Issyk-Kul region and in large cities, but also with a good location and relatively inexpensive cost of a tourist holiday.

Brief geographical reference

Kyrgyz Republic(Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan) is a state (republic) located in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan borders in the north with the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the east, and also in the southeast - C Republic of China, in the southwest it borders on Tajikistan, and in the west it adjoins the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan) is a purely mountainous country. Most of The state of Kyrgyzstan is part of the Tien Shan mountain system. The mountain ranges occupy about one quarter of the country's area and stretch in parallel chains, as a rule, in the latitudinal direction. From the east, the main ranges of the Tien Shan mountain system meet in the region of the Meridional Ridge, forming a large-scale mountain junction. And only the southwestern part is related to Pamir-Alay. There is a deep depression in the middle between the Kungoy-Ala-Too and Terskey-Ala-Too ridges.

Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) is one of the largest regions in which there is a network of modern high-mountain glaciers with a total area of ​​​​more than eight thousand square kilometers, which is approximately four percent of the entire territory of the state.

There are more than three thousand mountain lakes in the country, including the world-famous Issyk-Kul Lake, one of the deepest on earth (the deepest is a little less than seven hundred meters). The largest rivers of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) - Chu, Naryn and Talas, have their sources high in the mountains.

Emergency phone numbers of Kyrgyzstan

101 - fire department

102 - police

103 - Ambulance (urgent) health care

104 - gas service

Rescue Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations - 161

City information bureau of the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek city - 262-317

Telephone inquiry service of Bishkek city - 109

Official embassy address Russian Federation: Republic of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan), Bishkek city, Razzakov street, 17, phone 62-47-38

The capital of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) is currently. It is also a major regional center. During Soviet times, this city was called "Frunze", after perestroika, the country's capital changed its name to Bishkek.

The most common languages ​​in the country are the national - Kyrgyz (Kyrgyz) and Russian. Russian language and Russian literature traditionally studied in general education schools along with the mother tongue and native literature. The different pronunciation of the same words in Russian and Kyrgyz can be traced not only in the name of the country (Kyrgyzstan and Kyrgyzstan), but also in many other proper names and geographical names.

Various names one and the same country, Kyrgyzstan and Kyrgyzstan - the most striking example, in practice illustrating important phonetic differences in European and Turkic languages. However, in Russia it is traditionally accepted to call this unique country with a rich history and ancient traditions exactly “Kyrgyzstan” or “Kyrgyzstan”, in accordance with the traditional norms of pronunciation of the Russian language. This is especially important for people speaking publicly: lecturers, journalists, TV narrators and news anchors.

KYRGYZSTAN - Kyrgyz Republic.

Kyrgyzstan is a state in Central Asia. In the north it borders with Kazakhstan, in the east and southeast - with China, in the southwest - with Tajikistan, in the west - with Uzbekistan. The area is 199.9 thousand km2. Population 5.3 million (2008). The capital is Bishkek. Monetary unit - som. The state language is Kyrgyz; Russian has the status of an official language (since 2001). Administratively, the territory of Kyrgyzstan consists of 7 regions and 2 cities of republican subordination.

Kyrgyzstan is a member of the CIS (1991), the Organization of the Treaty on collective security(CSTO; 1992), UN (1992), OSCE (1992), Economic Cooperation Organization (1992), Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC; 1992), IMF (1992), IBRD (1992), WTO (1998), Shanghai Organization cooperation (SCO; 2001), the Eurasian Ecological Society (2001).

Kir-gi-zia from ancient times to entry-zh-de-niya into the composition of the Russian empire.

Kyrgyzstan
Flag, emblem, anthem of Kyrgyzstan. Photo of Kyrgyzstan, map of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan is one of the most scenic spots in Central Asia, more than two thirds of its territory is occupied by mountains, which is manifested in the diversity of climate, natural landscapes, flora and fauna. Having been here, you will discover the country of snow-capped mountains, enjoy the view of the harsh peaks of the Tien Shan, bathed in the sun. Wild nature with majestic waterfalls and turbulent mountain rivers flowing into lakes with crystal clear water will amaze you with its beauty.

The pearl of Kyrgyzstan - Issyk-Kul lake, non-freezing all year round will blow your mind. Until now, many amazing places and monuments of ancient civilizations have been perfectly preserved on the territory of Kyrgyzstan; the sacred mountain Suleiman ("Solomon") in Osh, the largest relict walnut forests of Arslan Baba on the planet, hot healing springs with thermal waters in Jalalabad, Tash Rabat caravanserai, Burana tower, the world's largest accumulations of rock paintings Saimaluu Tash.

By visiting Kyrgyzstan, you will be able to follow the roads of the Great Silk Road, plunge into the unforgettable world of wildlife and unexplored routes, as well as get acquainted with the traditions and customs of the hospitable Kyrgyz people.

general information

Location: northeast of Central Asia.
Coordinates: 41° 00" North, 75° 00" East.
Square: 198.5 sq. km. 94% of the country is occupied by mountains. The average height is 2750 m above sea level.
Population: 5,663,100 people (February 2013)
Composition of the population: Kyrgyz - 72%, Russians - 6.9%, Uzbeks - 14.3%, Kazakhs, Tajiks, Uighurs and other nationalities - 7%.
Capital of Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek
Language: Kyrgyz is the state language, Russian is the official and main language of communication.
Religion: Islam - 75%, Orthodoxy - 20%, other religions - 5%.
Time: Grivinch + 5 hours.
Electricity: 220 V AC, 50 A; standard double plug socket
Internet zone:.kg
National currency: The som (100 tyiyn) fluctuates around $1 = 46.5 soms against the dollar.
Best time to travel: May - October

State symbols

Flag of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan

Proportions: 1:2. It is a red cloth. The image of the sun is placed in the center yellow color. A symbolic image of a Kyrgyz yurt is placed on the sun.

Adopted in 1992. The red color of the flag symbolizes valor and courage. The sun personifies peace and wealth, and the image of the yurt is a symbol of the Motherland and the world.

Emblem of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan

The coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan is the official state symbol of the Kyrgyz Republic; was developed by A. Abdraev and S. Dubanaev and approved on January 14, 1994 by a resolution of the Jogorku Kenesh.

In the center of the coat of arms against the background of Lake Issyk-Kul and the spurs of Ala-Too, over which the sun rises, there is an image of a white falcon with outstretched wings, symbolizing the freedom and independence of Kyrgyzstan. The silhouette of the sun is a symbol of life, wealth and abundance. Note that this element is given the main place in state symbols. The peaks of the mountains, illuminated by the sun, are similar to the Kyrgyz national headdress "kalpak".

In the worldview of nomads, a special place is occupied by the steppe eagle or golden eagle. In the language of symbolism, the silhouette of an eagle means state power, breadth and clarity. For the steppes, this is a symbol of freedom, independence, striving for a goal, for heights, a flight into the future. On the coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan, this is the gyrfalcon "Ak-Shumkar" of Manas.

Geographical position

The Kyrgyz Republic is located in the northeast of Central Asia, occupying part of the Tien Shan and the northern ranges of the Pamir-Altai. The borders pass mainly along natural boundaries - the ridges of high mountain ranges and rivers, only in some places they descend to the plains of the Chui, Talas and Fergana valleys.

Kyrgyzstan borders: in the north - with Kazakhstan, in the west and northwest - with Uzbekistan, in the southwest - with Tajikistan and in the south and southeast - with China (the length of the border is 1049 km). The total length of the borders of Kyrgyzstan is 4503 km. The total area of ​​the republic is 198.5 km2. 94% of the country is occupied by mountains. The average height is 2750 m above sea level.

The territory of the Kyrgyz Republic extends from west to east for 900 km, from north to south for 410 km and lies approximately between 39° and 43° north latitude. The most highly elevated part of the territory of the republic is located on its eastern outskirts. Here, in the mountain junction bordering China, the highest points of the entire Tien Shan mountain system rise - Pobeda Peak (7439 m) and Khan Tengri (6995 m). From here, the ridges fan out to the west and southwest, creating separate parallel chains, extending mainly in the latitudinal direction up to 300-400 km. On the extreme southern border of the republic with Tajikistan, the highest Chon-Alai (Zaalai) ridge stands out, where the second highest peak of Kyrgyzstan is located - Lenin Peak (7134 m).

The complex structure of the mountain relief and the diversity of environmental conditions have led to a wide variety of soil and vegetation cover and wildlife in Kyrgyzstan. On its territory there are deserts, steppes, meadows, forests, bushes, swamps, mountain tundra and other types of vegetation.

The Kyrgyz Republic has a huge supply of water resources. There are more than 28,000 rivers and sources in the 7 largest river basins, 90% of which are 10 km long. Among them there are rivers with high water levels. For example, the Naryn River with a length of more than 500 kilometers.

There are more than 2,000 lakes and artificial reservoirs in the Kyrgyz Republic. Lakes occupy 3.4% of the territory. About 90% of them are alpine dams and closed lakes. Sary-Chelek is located on the southwestern slope of the Chatkal ridge, at an altitude of 1873.9 m above sea level, and is a biosphere reserve.

Alpine Lake Issyk-Kul is located inside the Tien Shan Mountains, at the bottom of a huge tectonic depression, at an altitude of 1606.7 m above sea level. The lake is surrounded by mountains Teskey - Ala-Too in the south and Kungei Ala-Too in the north, Lake Issyk-Kul differs from other lakes in geographical, climatic and hydrological conditions. The shape of the lake resembles a trapezoid with its base facing north. According to recent studies, the length of the lake is 178 km, width - 60.1 km; area - 6236 km 2, coastline length - 688 km, maximum depth - 669 m, average depth - 278.4 m. The lake is incredibly beautiful. For this reason, it is called the "Pearl of Kyrgyzstan". Great transparency and bright sun change the color of Issyk-Kul lake water from pale blue to dark blue tones. In winter, the water temperature is +4.2°С +5.0°С. In July and August, the upper layers of water are heated up to +18°С +24°С. Kyrgyzstan is one of the largest regions in which there is a system of modern mountain glaciers, their total area occupies 8100 km 2 or 4.2% of the territory of the Republic.

3/4 of the total area of ​​glaciers belongs to the river basin of the Syrdarya and Tarim rivers, their main centers are located in the far west, in the Sary-Jaz basin, where the largest valley of glaciers is located (Southern Enelchek, 60.5 km long, Kaiyndy - 29.0 km ), as well as the mountains Teskey Ala-Too, Kashaal-Too, Ak-Shayryk, Chon-Alai. The Tien Shan mountains have flat-topped glaciers. Stocks fresh water make up approximately 650 billion m 3, which is equal to 12 river resources of the entire republic.

Main cities: Bishkek is the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic (about 900,000 inhabitants); Osh - west of Kyrgyzstan (about 300,000 inhabitants), Karakol - Issyk-Kul region (about 64,000 inhabitants). The cities of Naryn, Talas, Jalal-Abad, Batken are also regional centers.

Climate: The climate is sharply continental, only in the Issyk-Kul basin it approaches the sea.
The average January temperature is -4 o C -14 o C, average temperature July +17 o C +38 o C.

Access: Kyrgyz Airlines (flights from/to Moscow, Istanbul, Hannover, Frankfurt, Delhi), Uzbekistan Airways, Aeroflot, Turkish Airlines, British Airways.

National holidays:
January 1 - New Year
January 7 - Orthodox Christmas
March 21 - Nooruz
May 1 - International Workers' Day
May 5 - Constitution Day
May 9 - Victory Day
August 31 - Independence Day

Muslim holidays:
"Orozo Ait"
"Kurman Ait"
They are determined by the lunar calendar and are non-working days.

Political structure: Since 1991 the Kyrgyz Republic has been an independent sovereign state. Power is based on the principle of separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers. Supreme power in Kyrgyzstan belongs to the President and the bicameral Parliament.
More about the state structure of Kyrgyzstan >>>

Currency: Kyrgyz som. One som includes 100 tyiyns. Put into circulation on May 10, 1993. To date, the som is represented by ten denominations of banknotes: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000. Kyrgyzstan is the first CIS country to approve its own currency.

The local currency is the only legal tender, although in practice US dollars and Euros can be accepted or even required in some cases when paying for hotels or organizing trekking and high mountain climbing.

Currency exchange: Foreign currency can be exchanged at commercial banks and currency exchange offices. It is preferable to exchange currency in the capital - in the provinces the rate is somewhat lower. Also, some banks accept travelers checks, but they charge a high percentage of commission. The most widely accepted for exchange are American dollars. Credit cards are accepted at banks and some large hotels in Bishkek. Banks are open from 9:00 to 17:00 from Monday to Friday, closed on Saturday and Sunday.

Visa system: There is a general mandatory visa regime. Exception for the CIS countries, except for Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. A visa is not required for holders of diplomatic passports of industrialized countries. Compared to other countries of the Central Asian region, the Kyrgyz Republic (hereinafter referred to as the KR) has the most liberal visa regime. Visas for entry into the Kyrgyz Republic are issued at diplomatic missions and consular offices of the Kyrgyz Republic abroad, and in countries where there are no foreign missions of the Kyrgyz Republic - at diplomatic missions and consular offices of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation.
More about visa support for entry to Kyrgyzstan >>>

Features of customs control: There are no restrictions on the import and export of national and foreign currency. The only rule is that all money must be included in the declaration. Goods worth no more than $5,000 can be imported duty-free. It is forbidden to import drugs and strong medicines (without a prescription confirming the need for their use), weapons and ammunition, printed materials and video materials that are contrary to the norms of Islam. It is forbidden to export certain foodstuffs, minerals and rocks without the permission of the relevant authorities, gold (declared) and precious stones.

The shops: Prices in shops are fixed, but prices in bazaars are negotiable. Bishkek has many bazaars selling food and handicrafts. There are also a large number of exhibitions and sales of works of art, where you can buy cheap paintings and traditional Kyrgyz products (clothing, carpets, chess, etc.).

Drinking water: in all stores you can find bottled drinking and mineral water. The Kyrgyz Republic is one of the few countries with excellent natural drinking water, which can be drunk from city water supply taps.

Medical services: Every city has both private and public hospitals. Call an ambulance 103 (providing medical assistance is free).

Mail and phone: All telephone conversations are paid. There are post offices in all settlements. You can call from hotels and boarding houses, as well as from your room, in cases where you have a direct telephone. But it is more convenient and economical to use payphones. Plastic cards for them are sold at all post offices and points of sale of KYRGYZTELECOM. You have the option to buy download cards for GSM phones and use a local carrier with a local phone number. There are two cellular communication standards GSM and TDMA in the Republic. International telephone service - 162, telegram reception by telephone - 106, long-distance telephone service - 107, reference exchange - 109.

Transport: Travel in any form of transport is paid in cash. The fare for buses within the city is about $0.1, from Bishkek to the coast of Issyk-Kul about $3.5. Minibus taxis are convenient and economical, fares in which exceed bus fares by 20-50%. The use of non-route taxis within the city and between settlements is relatively expensive.

The sun: For guests, the sun can present an unpleasant surprise, so we recommend using protective creams at least in the early days to avoid sunburn.

How to dress: In Kyrgyzstan, the climate is quite hot in summer, but the humidity is not very high, so the heat is well tolerated. In summer you will feel cozy in light clothes made of cotton and light materials. But in Issyk-Kul and in the mountains it can be quite cool in the evenings, so we advise you to stock up on light jackets and sweaters for evening walks and for long-distance excursions.