The term of military service is set. Length of military service under contract

Legal regulation in the field military service and military service in Russia is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of March 28, 1998 N 53-FZ "On military duty and military service" (hereinafter referred to as the Law).

Military service is carried out both by citizens of the Russian Federation - by conscription and on a voluntary basis under a contract, and by foreign citizens - under a contract in military positions to be replaced by soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops and military formations.

The procedure for performing military service is determined by the Law, other federal laws, the Regulations on the procedure for passing military service (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

The term of military service is established by Art. 38 of the Law - separately for conscription and contract service. Thus, for those who were called up for military service after January 1, 2008, the term of service is 12 months. The "contract worker" serves as long as the contract is concluded with him.

Length of military service under contract

The first contract for military service is:

1. with a member of the military who is serving on the draft, or another citizen entering the military service in a position for which the state provides military rank(hereinafter - the rank) of a soldier, sailor, sergeant, foreman - for three years;
2. with a foreign citizen entering military service for a position for which the state provides for the rank of soldier, sailor, sergeant, foreman - for five years;
3. with a serviceman undergoing military service by conscription, or with another citizen entering the service for military post, for which the state provides for the rank of warrant officer, midshipman or officer (with the exception of the categories of citizens specified in paragraph 5), - for five years;
4. with a serviceman studying at a military educational institution under the program:

• higher vocational education- for the duration of training and five years of military service after its completion;
• secondary vocational education - for the duration of training and three years of military service after its completion;

1. with a citizen who has passed military training in a military training center at a federal state educational institution of higher professional education and entering immediately after graduation from the said institution for military service for a position for which the state provides for the military rank of an officer - for three years or five years.

With a conscripted military serviceman, the first contract may be concluded for a shorter period. This is possible if total duration his military service on conscription and under the first contract will be three years or five years. In addition, if a conscript wants to enter the military under a contract during a period of emergency or to participate in the maintenance or restoration international peace, a contract with him can be concluded not earlier than one month before the expiration of the term of military service and for a period of six months to a year.

A serviceman (citizen) who is doing military service under a contract and wishes to continue serving can conclude a new contract for three years, five or ten years, as well as for an indefinite period in accordance with paragraph 5 of Art. 38 of the Law and paragraph 5 of Art. 9 Regulations. The specified norms provide for the conclusion of a contract for a different period - for example, before the onset of age limit stay in military service.

How are the terms of military service calculated?

The term of military service is calculated from the beginning of military service, which, in accordance with paragraph 10 of Art. 38 of the Law is considered:

• for citizens who are not in the reserve, who are called up for military service, the day when the military rank of private is awarded;
• for citizens ( foreign citizens) who entered military service under a contract - the day the contract comes into force;
• for citizens who have not completed military service or who have completed military service earlier and entered military educational institutions of vocational education, the date of enrollment in these educational institutions.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Art. 3 provisions military service expires:

• for military personnel undergoing military service on conscription - in the appropriate number last month service life;
• for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract - on the corresponding month and date last year term of the contract or on the corresponding day of the last month of the term of the contract, if the contract was concluded for a period of up to one year.

End of military service

The end of military service is the day a serviceman is excluded from the lists of personnel of a military unit in connection with dismissal from military service, death (death), recognition as missing or declared dead.

A serviceman must be excluded from the lists of personnel of a military unit on the day of the expiration of his military service. This rule does not apply to cases where a soldier:

• is in hospital;
• is on maternity or parental leave this item applies only to women)
• undergoes military service by conscription and, if desired, remains in the military unit until the day of departure vehicle, which transports military personnel transferred to the reserve;
• participates in the campaigns of ships;
• is in captivity, in the position of a hostage or internee;
• missing (until he is declared missing or declared dead);
• is suspected or accused of committing a crime and measures of restraint have been chosen in respect of him in the form of detention (guardroom) or observation by the command of a military unit.

Time that does not count towards military service

The period of military service does not include the time when a serviceman:

• resides in a disciplinary military unit;
• convicted and serving an arrest;
• is serving a disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest;
• arbitrarily left a military unit or place of military service for a period of more than 10 days (regardless of the reasons).

The time spent in a disciplinary military unit may be included in the period of military service, provided that the serviceman has served impeccably. Such a decision regarding a serviceman released from a disciplinary military unit may be made by the commander of the troops of the military district or a commander (chief) equal to or higher than him. At the same time, the procedure determined by the heads of the federal executive bodies that provide for military service must be observed.

The total duration of military service includes the entire time of service both on conscription and under contract, including in cases of re-entry into military service. It is determined in calendar terms.

In cases established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the total duration of military service is determined on a preferential basis. for example, one month of service is counted as three.

Conscripted military personnel, one day of participation in hostilities or performing tasks in armed conflicts, as well as one day of being in medical institutions as a result of injuries, contusions, injuries or illnesses received during participation in these actions or conflicts, is counted as two days of military service by conscription.

The abbreviations "other troops" and "military formations" are given in the article in accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 2 Laws.

The regulation "On the procedure for performing military service" was approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 16, 1999 N 1237 "Issues of military service."

The age limit for military service is set by Art. 49 of the Law. Age limits vary by military rank. There is a separate age limit for women.

The issue of service life is of great concern to conscripts. And no wonder - after all, this time can be spent on building a career or family.

How long the conscript will be away from home and at what age he will return directly depends on the service life.

The excitement is fueled by the ongoing rumors that the term will be extended. Both the conscripts themselves and their parents are worried. Many are already contemplating plans to evade military duty.

However, it is enough just to understand the rumors a little and it will become quite obvious that the conscripts have nothing to fear.

Service life in 2019

Rumors are constantly circulating among conscripts that the term of service in the army will be increased to two years. Such a change fundamentally changes everything, because a very small part of employees are willing to spend an extra year doing their job. military duty. So far, such are at the level of rumors and in fact have no real facts under them.

The fact is that earlier they served in the Russian army for two years. Of these, six months were spent on mastering theoretical knowledge. The remaining 18 months the employee was obliged to spend in a military unit, mastering the practical side of this craft. Later, the government came to the conclusion that the period needed to be shortened.

Among young men at that time, a fairly large percentage tried different ways"Slope" from the draft, and many succeeded. Those who were forced to go served very reluctantly. Thus, the effectiveness of the army was low. But as time went on, everything changed. Young people have become more willing to come to the military registration and enlistment offices for military service.

At the same time, many types of official postponements from the army, so there were much fewer ways to "slope". Thanks to this, the army is steadily replenished with young men for each draft campaign. At the same time, the demand for military departments of universities has fallen - they also give a respite, and earlier this method was very popular among conscripts.

In the State Duma, several individuals raised the issue of returning the term of service to 2 years, or at least increasing it to 18 months. However, these initiatives were not supported. The question of changing the term of service was also asked to the President, to which he answered categorically that an increase in the period of service should not be expected.

If the President does not change in the country, then there will be no reason to worry about an increase in the term of office. Therefore, with great probability, in 2019, the young men will also serve 12 months.

Transition to contract service

In 2012, Dmitry Medvedev proposed an initiative to gradually introduce contract service in Russia. The strategy is designed in such a way that the contractors should gradually oust most conscripts. This is a fairly reasonable solution, which has already been implemented by quite a few states.

The advantages of such an approach are obvious. First of all, only people who are truly interested in this will get into the army. Such young men will give themselves completely both in training and on the battlefield. Become a soldier will be theirs own decision and they will understand the full responsibility of this profession.

At the same time, there will be a disproportionate increase in military power states. Such soldiers will be much better trained. At the same time, they will have the most important thing - enthusiasm, a desire to serve and a willingness to devote themselves completely to this business.

Replacing unmotivated conscripts, who sometimes have to be dragged by force to the military registration and enlistment office, for contract soldiers who are eager to defend their country, the state will receive a very effective army.

The transition strategy to contract service is divided into 3 stages:

• mass promotion of the benefits of contract service and setting the ratio of contract soldiers / conscripts in the army in the proportion of 70/30 or 80/20, respectively;
• gradual change in the ratio of contractors / conscripts to the proportion of 85/15, improvement of service conditions;
• increase in salaries for contractors, transition to the ratio of contractors / conscripts to a ratio of 90/10.

It is worth noting that this strategy is in the process of being implemented. Its final result cannot be assessed in the coming years. The army, where 90% of employees are under contract, will have to wait a little longer.

Military department and alternative service in Russia

Do not forget completely legal means exemption from military service. They are not available to everyone and not quite simple, but still they exist:

• work instead of service at a special enterprise that has military status;
• passing the military department at the university.

Very few can claim the first option. Indigenous representatives of ethnic groups, the number of representatives of which is limited, can also become employees of military enterprises. Conscripts who are not allowed to do military service by religion can also apply for this option. At the same time, the conscript must work at the enterprise for 21 months.

Thus, there is every reason to believe that in 2019 it will remain unchanged - conscripts will have to fulfill their duty for 12 months. A change in this period is extremely unlikely, so do not worry in vain.

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No. 1237 (as amended on 10.01.2009 No. 30)

Guided by the Federal Law "On Defense", I decide:
1. Approve the attached Regulations on the procedure for military service.
2. Director of the Service foreign intelligence Russian Federation, heads of federal executive bodies, which include the foreign intelligence agencies of the Russian Federation, when setting the age limit for military personnel in military service personnel these bodies be guided by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 21, 1996 No. 574 "On the procedure for establishing the age limit for the military personnel of the foreign intelligence bodies of the Russian Federation."
3. The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, together with the federal executive authorities concerned, should generalize the practice of applying in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, federal executive authorities that provide for military service, the Regulations on the procedure for military service approved by this Decree and, if necessary, in March 2000. submit to in due course suggestions for its improvement.
4. Do not apply on the territory of the Russian Federation Decrees of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR according to the list according to the appendix.
5. Recognize invalid the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 4, 1999 No. 4 "Issues of military service" (Sobraniye zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1999, No. 2, Art. 264).
6. The Government of the Russian Federation shall, within 3 months, bring its regulatory legal acts in line with this Decree.

President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin
Moscow, Kremlin September 16, 1999 No. 1237
Approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation
dated September 16, 1999 No. 1237

REGULATIONS ON THE ORDER OF MILITARY SERVICE
(as amended by Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation of 10.01.2009 No. 30)
Section I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1 General provisions about military service
1. The regulation on the procedure for performing military service determines the procedure for citizens of the Russian Federation to perform military service by conscription and on a voluntary basis (under contract) in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, military units of the State fire service Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense Affairs, emergencies and elimination of consequences of natural disasters (hereinafter referred to as the military units of the State Fire Service), provided for by the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service" (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law), in Peaceful time, the procedure for concluding a contract for military service (hereinafter referred to as the contract) and terminating it, as well as other issues that, in accordance with federal laws, are within the scope of its regulation ( ).
Features of military service during the period of mobilization, with the introduction state of emergency, martial law and war time are determined by federal constitutional laws, federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
2. Military service includes appointment to a military position, assignment of a military rank, attestation, dismissal from military service, as well as other circumstances (events) that, in accordance with the Federal Law, other federal laws and this Regulation, determine the legal status military personnel.
3. Military service in the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law, other federal laws, this Regulation, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of military service and the status of military personnel, as well as with international treaties of the Russian Federation in this area .
4. Servicemen who are judges of military courts, employees of military courts, employees military prosecutor's office, as well as employees of the military investigative bodies of the Investigative Committee under the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, perform military service in accordance with the Federal Law and these Regulations, taking into account the specifics established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of military courts, military prosecutors and military investigative bodies of the Investigative Committee under the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation ( p. 4 as amended. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 21, 2008 No. 1510).
5. The specifics of the entry into military service of certain categories of citizens of the Russian Federation and the passage of military service by certain categories of servicemen are established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

Article 2. Military service
1. Military service is carried out:
a) soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen - by conscription or by contract;
b) ensigns and midshipmen - under the contract;
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 20, 2007 No. 1084 in this document amendments are being made, according to which, from January 1, 2010, in subparagraph "c" of paragraph 1 of Article 2, the words "by conscription or" will be deleted.
c) officers - by conscription or by contract.
2. Citizens of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as citizens) who have not completed military service, who are studying in the military educational institutions vocational education (hereinafter referred to as - military educational institutions), prior to the conclusion of the contract, have the status of military personnel undergoing military service on conscription.
3. Conscripted military personnel may be sent (including as part of a subunit, military unit, formation) to perform tasks in armed conflicts (to participate in hostilities) after they have completed military service for at least six months and after training in military specialties ( p. 3 as amended. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 15, 1999 No. 1366).

Article 3. Beginning, term and end of military service
1. The beginning of military service is considered:
a) for citizens called up for military service who were not in the reserve - the day of departure from the military commissariat of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation to the place of military service;
b) - c) became invalid from January 1, 2008. - Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 20.08.2007 No. 1084;
d) for citizens who entered military service under a contract - the day the contract comes into force;
e) for citizens enrolled in military educational institutions and who have not completed military service or who have completed military service earlier, the day of enrollment in these educational institutions.
2. The term of military service is established:
a) for military personnel who do not have the military rank of an officer and were called up for military service before January 1, 2007, with the exception of the military personnel specified in subparagraph "c" of this paragraph - 24 months;
b) for military personnel who do not have the military rank of an officer and are called up for military service from January 1 to December 31, 2007 inclusive, with the exception of the military personnel specified in subparagraph "c" of this paragraph - 18 months;
c) for military personnel who have graduated from state, municipal or having state accreditation in the relevant areas of training (specialties) non-state educational institutions of higher professional education, who do not have the military rank of an officer and were called up for military service before January 1, 2008 - 12 months;
d) for military personnel with the military rank of officer and called up for military service before January 1, 2008 - 24 months;
e) for military personnel called up for military service after January 1, 2008 - 12 months;
f) for servicemen undergoing military service under a contract - in accordance with a contract for military service.
The term of military service is calculated from the date of commencement of military service ( p. 2 as amended. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 8, 2007 No. 303).
3. The term of military service expires:
a) for military personnel undergoing military service by conscription - on the corresponding day of the last month of the term of military service by conscription;
b) for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract - on the corresponding month and day of the last year of the contract term or on the corresponding day of the last month of the contract term, if the contract was concluded for a period of up to one year.
In cases where the expiration of the period of military service falls on a month in which there is no corresponding date, the specified period expires on the last day of this month.
4. The day of the end of military service is the day of exclusion of a serviceman from the lists of personnel of a military unit (hereinafter, military units are understood to be military command and control bodies, bodies, military units, ships, formations, enterprises, institutions and organizations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (other troops, military formations or bodies), military units of the State Fire Service, as well as military faculties (departments) at educational institutions of higher professional education) in connection with dismissal from military service, death (death), recognition as missing or declared dead ( in red. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 17, 2003 No. 444).
A serviceman must be excluded from the lists of personnel of a military unit on the day of the expiration of his military service (early dismissed - no later than the end of his military service), except as otherwise established by the Federal Law and these Regulations.
The day of exclusion from the lists of personnel of a military unit is the day of completion (last day) of military service for a serviceman.
5. The term of military service does not include:
a) the period of stay of a serviceman in a disciplinary military unit;
b) the time of serving the arrest by the convicted servicemen;
c) the time of serving a disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest;
d) the time of unauthorized leaving of a military unit or place of military service lasting more than 10 days, regardless of the reasons for leaving.
6. For a convicted serviceman who has mastered a military specialty, who knows and accurately fulfills the requirements of military regulations and performs an impeccable service, and who is released from a disciplinary military unit after the expiration of his term of conscription, the time spent in a disciplinary military unit may be included in the period of his military service in the manner determined by Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.
For a serviceman released from a disciplinary military unit, subject to his impeccable military service, the time spent in a disciplinary military unit may be included in the term of military service by the commander of the troops of the military district or by a commander (chief) equal to him and higher, in the manner determined by the heads of the federal executive bodies. authorities in which military service is provided.
7. The total duration of the military service of a serviceman includes the entire time of his military service, both on conscription and under contract, including in cases of re-entry into military service.
The determination of the total duration of military service is carried out on a calendar basis.
In cases established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the total duration of military service is determined on a preferential basis.
8. For conscripted military personnel, one day of participation in hostilities or performance of tasks in armed conflicts, as well as one day of stay in medical institutions due to injuries, contusions, injuries or diseases received during participation in these actions or conflicts , is counted for two days of military service on conscription.

Every year, any conscript, going to the military registration and enlistment office, thinks about how long they are serving in the army. Before each regular call-up, persistent rumors about a change in the length of service are circulated. But such claims are not based on law. The term of service is determined according to the constitution of Russia and legislative acts. So far, there is no reason to assert that a change in service life is planned.

According to the statement supreme commander Vladimir Putin during the direct line, the duration of service in 2017-2018 will not change. Also, according to the statement of the head of the Ministry of Defense, Sergei Shoigu, which was in 2012, no changes are planned in the draft terms.

How many serve now

According to the law, military service on conscription in 2017 in Russia lasts 1 year. Based on data from the Ministry of Defense, the number of "conscripts" in 2018 will be 15% of total number all military personnel. Regarding the duration of military service in 2018, no changes are expected.
But it is also worth noting that conscription service has alternatives:

1. Complete service in an alternate form.
2. Get trained in the military department of the university.
3. Immediately sign a contract and go to serve in the troops as a contract soldier.

Service in an alternative form (AGS)

A variant of service in the form of labor activity useful to society. The term of this type of service is 1.7 years. Citizens who have reached military age have the right to use this type of service. The basis for filing an application for the desire to pass is a contradiction to his beliefs and religion, as well as a few nationalities who adhere to traditional image life, not consistent with military duty.

When determining the place of passage of the ACS, the education of the conscript, his medical diagnoses and his marital status. Most often, those undergoing such service work in hospitals, boarding schools, at the post office, as workers in factories and libraries. Also, such military personnel can continue their education in correspondence and evening forms of education, in parallel with the passage of the ACS.

Military department

The military department at the university makes it possible to receive military training in parallel with direct training. Training in all the subtleties of military service takes place simultaneously with basic studies. The training course within the framework of the military department takes about 450 hours.

In addition to the opportunity to replace military service on conscription, a student of the military department is awarded the title of reserve officer upon graduation, and there is also an opportunity to master the skills military specialty in the chosen direction. But it is worth considering that not every university provides the opportunity to prepare for military department. It is necessary to take a very serious approach to the choice of an educational institution and to training at the military department.

The military department is a serious place where they can be expelled for poor progress or absenteeism. In this case, you still have to go to the army after receiving a specialty at a university. Also if educational institution does not offer training at the military department, then you will have to go to serve after graduation from the university.

Signing a contract with the Ministry of Defense

Since 2017, the opportunity has been introduced to obtain the right to serve under a contract without compulsory military service.

The duration of service in this case is 2 years. This option of service can completely replace conscription service lasting 1 year.
What are the benefits of a contract service?

• The conscript enters into a contract with the Ministry of Defense that he voluntarily goes to serve under the contract. The recruit enters the job with the appropriate salary and benefits. But salaries begin to be paid after a probationary period of 3 months. How much is paid for the service depends on the specific part.
• Certain indulgences in the living and life of a contract soldier. Less restricted movement. Has the right to reside outside the territory of the military unit.
• Use of benefits provided by the Ministry of Defense for military personnel. Visits to medical institutions.
• mortgage programs. Military personnel are provided with housing with the possibility of paying a mortgage under a preferential program. Such military personnel pay contributions for living space at the expense of the state. Just keep in mind that not all military personnel fall under this program, but only those with certain ranks, as well as those who have graduated from military educational institutions.

The disadvantages of such a service include a great risk, since they can be sent to any point where military conflicts take place. In some military units poor living conditions for contractors.

What changes in terms of service were before 2017

Since the moment Russia became a separate state, the length of service in the army began to change. Since 1993 in ground forces served 1.5 years and 2 years in navy. But in 1994, during the Chechen conflict, there was a need to increase the number of conscripts. However, the military registration and enlistment offices failed to recruit required amount, so the service life in 1996 was increased to 2 years. Released in 1998 new law on military duty, signed by B. Yeltsin.

In 2002, V.V. Putin, in connection with partial transition armed forces to serve under the contract began a phased reduction in the period of conscript service. Thus, in 2007, conscripts called up in the fall served 1.5 years, and when spring call 2008, an order was issued to introduce a service life of 1 year.

The question of how many people serve in the Russian army can be answered clearly. The service life remains unchanged and there are no plans to increase it. The Department of Defense focuses on vocational training military personnel. The country is armed with sophisticated equipment that needs to be learned to manage. To train military personnel in 1 year is an impossible task.

Therefore, more emphasis is placed on the involvement of military personnel under the contract, but at the same time from urgent appeal The Ministry of Defense has no plans to refuse yet.