Monstrous historical facts about concentration camps. List of concentration camps in different countries

Recent events in Ukraine have shown that peace is too fragile. Everywhere there are military conflicts and clashes. And the reason for this is not only the presence of useful on the territory of one state, but also the national and racial characteristics of its inhabitants. Therefore, the question of who the Nazis are is quite appropriate. After all, the experience of the thirties and forties of the last century did not turn out to be too instructive for the majority of the peoples of the world.

So, in Russia, especially in St. Petersburg, there are nationalist and fascist groups. Suffice it to recall the actions of Maxim Martsinkevich, the activities of the Format-18 group and the National Bolshevik Party under the leadership of Limonov. In the United States of America, famous for its tolerance, racism and nationalism are also present, only it manifests itself more at the level of religious beliefs. This does not prevent believing fundamentalists from shoveling entire nations under the same brush and accusing them of a wrong and vicious way of life.

What is the difference between Nazism and Nationalism

Exist big difference between the concept of Nazi and nationalist. The main difference between these two types of attitude towards one's people is manifested in the degree of recognition of other peoples, races and ways of life. The Nazis consider their nation to be the standard of morality, semantics, culture and social structure for other peoples. Such a one-sided point of view can be held not only by the youth, distraught with idleness, in military berets and with shaved heads.

For example, accusations of Nazism are attributed to the famous German philosopher

Friedrich Nietzsche. Adolf Hitler himself loved his books. But it is impossible to classify this person as a chauvinist ideology, if only because he is the founder of the relativistic doctrine and philosophy of life. Famous aphorism, belonging to Nietzsche, says: "There are no facts - there are only interpretations." Perhaps Nietzsche did not love women, despised believers, but he did not love his people blindly. Hegel can be considered a well-known Nazi, chauvinist and totalitarian. In his writings on absolute spirit great philosopher put German culture and society at the last stage of development. For Hegel, Germany was the most educated and civilized country to which other countries should aspire.

The nationalist, on the other hand, values ​​and respects his nation, but also recognizes cultural characteristics and beliefs of other countries. Yes, he puts his people and state first, but not as a model for other countries. Famous nationalists are Leo Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky and, of course, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky.

We return to the question of who the Nazis are in modern world. Despite the accelerating pace of globalization, liberalism, tolerance and the international exchange of ideas, the world still has not become a blue dream of hippies. No one burns a gun or dances in a round dance to the music of Jimi Hendrix. Ukraine bogged down in revolutions

loses its economic and social status, casually destroying all bridges with Russia. And who is to blame? Such Nazis (whose photo is presented on the right), like Bandera? Or the services of the United States of America? The question is complex, and it is unlikely that it will be possible to answer it in the near future. Let's talk more about the Ukrainian Nazis.

Bandera

The name Bandera came from the well-known Ukrainian political ideologist and nationalist Stepan Andreyevich Bandera. It was he who became the first member of the OUN RP (Organization Ukrainian nationalists). On June 22, 1941, during the outbreak of World War II, the party set the militants the task of sabotaging the actions of the authorities, killing the command, distributing false information, disrupt plans and sow panic among people. Captured Russians were given into the hands of the Germans. The subversive activities of Bandera were suppressed in 1952. During the current crisis in Ukraine, they again started talking about Bandera. The activities of the organization, as in the days when former Nazis were at its head, have not changed, they also provoked people, sowed panic, killed people. Particularly characteristic is the episode in Kharkov, when members of this party were caught and forced to publicly apologize on camera.

Racism and Nazism in America

But the question still remains: who? Nazis like Bandera would not have been able to raise enough money and mobilize such a large amount of forces on their own. Therefore, the majority of the population talks about US hegemony, about losing the Orange Revolution and about the activities of the CIA and the FBI. The history of America contained many chauvinistic and rude moments. Take, for example, the extermination of Indians, the slavery of blacks, put on a commercial stream, and it is no longer worth looking for an answer to the question of who the fascists and Nazis are: the Nazis or the Americans, especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries. America was proclaimed a special people. She got her national identity by fighting with Europe, especially the Napoleonic one at the beginning of the eighteenth century, then with Japan and Germany during the Second World War, then with the USSR in post-war period and Islamic countries now. The presence of an enemy has always helped America develop, progress, and most importantly unite its people into a single whole, despite the high level of individualization. Now it seems that everyone is up in arms against the United States of America. There are too many fundamentalist teachings in them. It concerns not only Nazism, but also religious fanatics. Explosions of abortion centers, killings of doctors, pickets and rallies against do not show the overseas country in the best light. For the average American,

there is a question of who the Nazis are, since Nazism is directly associated with Hitler and Mussolini, and the American considers himself a righteous patriot who values ​​his country. Although it is worth noting that over the years, Nazi and nationalist sentiment in America they fall and appear only as centers and reactions to certain events. So, after September 11, 2001, star-striped flags hung on almost every house, on the table in the office and on the streets.

Despite the fact that globalization is walking around the world with an imposing gait, we still have not learned to appreciate other peoples and nations, to truly respect a foreign culture, and not just a surrogate for their cuisine, paintings and songs. Apparently, mankind is not yet ready to embark on a single path of joint development. And it is not known whether society will be able to get rid of fascism, Nazism, chauvinism at all, or whether this is part of our biological nature.

If you take a closer look at the attributes of the Third Reich, you will notice various signs, not quite characteristic of European culture of the 20th century. Many of them have oriental origin and came to the Germans after numerous studies of historians, archaeologists, philosophers, linguists and other specialists. The leadership of Nazi Germany, in order to search for various artifacts and ancient manuscripts, sent expeditions to many remote corners of the Earth, where original knowledge could be preserved.

AT last period World War II, many archives and collections of historical treasures fell into the hands of our allies in anti-Hitler coalition. Among the documents were reports on some expeditions to mountain Tibet. Only fragmentary information about the nature of the studies of the Nazis and the results obtained by them got into the press. British and American authorities have maintained a staunch silence about Tibetan expeditions during the war to this day. Fortunately, there is some evidence pointing to the truth and you can try to independently restore the picture of those years.

Who is Haushofer?

This humble professor University of Munich rendered a huge impact on the introduction of Eastern beliefs and sacraments into the overall picture of building the structure of the Third Reich. According to the socialists, it was he who led the research in mountainous Tibet and underwent special training in one of the monasteries.

During the First World War, Haushofer participated in the hostilities and managed to come out with honor from many difficult situations. By the end of the war, he had already received the rank of general. His colleagues noted Heishofer's incredible luck and ability to foresee future events. He subsequently befriended the Nazi leadership and became their spiritual mentor. He shared his knowledge of the occult with Hitler. They were taken as the basis for creating rituals for members of the SS and others. power structures Germany. The Nazi swastika, known from films and photographs, is also of Tibetan origin, which speaks volumes.

Ancient legendary Shambhala

The first visits of members of the Nazi Party to Tibet began even before their leader came to power in the early 1930s. The expedition of Wilhelm Bayer decided to find and explore the mysterious underground city, the entrance to which was located somewhere in the mountains and was inaccessible for many years. locals knew about this old legend, but treated it like a fairy tale. But the Nazis took history practically, taking a trip to the mountains to find the entrance. In its central temple, according to rumors, was to be kept ancient book, which contains the most reliable information about the origin of life on our planet.

The expedition lasted for 4 years. Entrance to ancient city was never found, but the Nazis brought with them to Germany many different artifacts, including an old manuscript. The latter allegedly contained a description of the origin of man from aliens, as well as drawings and other technical details of their flying machines. One of the evidence of the reality of the manuscript is the unusual experimental apparatus of the Nazis, made in the form of disks.

The next group of Nazis went to the mountains of Tibet in 1931. It was led by Ernst Schaeffer, who is an experienced athlete, mountaineer and member of the SS. This time the goal of the expedition was different - the search for Shambhala. This name was mysterious country, the mention of which was in the legends and legends of the inhabitants of Tibet. We do not know for certain the results of the project, however, Schaeffer visited the country more than once after that and even brought a contract to Germany for the supply of weapons for the local army.

Other attempts to find Shambhala

After the situation on the eastern front worsened in 1942, Hitler ordered the organization of another expedition to Tibet, which went in search of Shambhala in next year. Germany was in dire need of any sources to defeat the enemy. Most of the expedition members were detained by the British on the outskirts of Tibet. Only Heinrich Harrer managed to escape from captivity and get to his destination. He traveled independently for several years and returned to his native Austria only in 1951. The documents and artifacts brought by Harrer were confiscated by the occupying British intelligence services. Their content is still unknown. The traveler himself subsequently wrote a book, which was even filmed Feature Film"Seven Years in Tibet".

We can all agree that the Nazis did terrible things during World War II. The Holocaust was perhaps their most famous crime. But in the concentration camps, terrible and inhuman things happened that most people did not know about. The camp inmates were used as test subjects in many experiments that were very painful and usually resulted in death.

blood clotting experiments

Dr. Sigmund Rascher performed blood clotting experiments on prisoners in the Dachau concentration camp. He created a drug, Polygal, which included beets and apple pectin. He believed that these pills could help stop bleeding from battle wounds or during surgical operations.

Each subject was given a tablet of the drug and shot in the neck or chest to test its effectiveness. The limbs were then amputated without anesthesia. Dr. Rascher created a company to produce these pills, which also employed prisoners.

Experiments with sulfa drugs

In the Ravensbrück concentration camp, the effectiveness of sulfonamides (or sulfanilamide preparations) was tested on prisoners. Subjects were made incisions on outside calf The doctors then rubbed the mixture of bacteria into the open wounds and stitched them up. To simulate combat situations, glass fragments were also brought into the wounds.

However, this method turned out to be too mild compared to the conditions at the fronts. For modeling wounds from firearms blood vessels bandaged on both sides to stop blood circulation. Then the prisoners were given sulfa drugs. Despite the advances made in the scientific and pharmaceutical fields through these experiments, the prisoners experienced terrible pain that led to severe injury or even death.

Freezing and Hypothermia Experiments

German armies were ill-prepared for the cold they faced on Eastern Front and from which thousands of soldiers died. As a result, Dr. Sigmund Rascher conducted experiments in Birkenau, Auschwitz and Dachau to find out two things: the time required for the body temperature to drop and death, and methods for reviving frozen people.

Nude prisoners or placed in a barrel of ice water, or driven out into the street at sub-zero temperatures. Most of the victims died. Those who only fainted were subjected to painful resuscitation procedures. Subjects were placed under lamps to revive them. sunlight, which burned their skin, forced them to copulate with women, injected boiling water or placed them in baths with warm water (which turned out to be the most effective method).

Experiments with firebombs

During three months in 1943 and 1944, Buchenwald prisoners were tested for the effectiveness of pharmaceutical preparations against phosphorus burns caused by incendiary bombs. The test subjects were specially burned with a phosphorus composition from these bombs, which was a very painful procedure. Prisoners were seriously injured during these experiments.

Experiments with sea ​​water

Experiments were conducted on Dachau prisoners to find ways to turn sea water into drinking water. The test subjects were divided into four groups, whose members did without water, drank sea ​​water, drank Burke-treated seawater, and drank seawater without salt.

Subjects were given food and drink assigned to their group. Prisoners who received some form of seawater eventually suffered severe diarrhea, convulsions, hallucinations, went insane, and eventually died.

In addition, the subjects were subjected to needle biopsy of the liver or lumbar punctures to collect data. These procedures were painful and in most cases ended in death.

Experiments with poisons

In Buchenwald, experiments were carried out on the effects of poisons on people. In 1943, poisons were secretly administered to prisoners.

Some died themselves from poisoned food. Others were killed for the sake of an autopsy. A year later, poisoned bullets were fired at the prisoners to speed up data collection. These test subjects experienced terrible torment.

Experiments with sterilization

As part of the extermination of all non-Aryans, Nazi doctors conducted mass sterilization experiments on prisoners from various concentration camps in search of the least laborious and cheapest method of sterilization.

In one series of experiments, a chemical irritant was injected into the reproductive organs of women to block the fallopian tubes. Some women have died after this procedure. Other women were killed for autopsies.

In a number of other experiments, prisoners were subjected to strong X-ray exposure, which led to severe burns on the abdomen, groin and buttocks. They were also left with incurable ulcers. Some test subjects died.

Bone, muscle and nerve regeneration and bone grafting experiments

For about a year, experiments were carried out on the prisoners of Ravensbrück to regenerate bones, muscles and nerves. Nerve surgery included the removal of segments of nerves from lower parts limbs.

Bone experiments included breaking and repositioning bones in several places on the lower extremities. Fractures were not allowed to heal properly as doctors needed to study the healing process as well as test various methods healing.

Doctors also removed numerous fragments of the tibia from the test subjects to study bone regeneration. Bone grafts included transplanting fragments of the left tibia to the right and vice versa. These experiments caused unbearable pain and severe injuries to the prisoners.

Experiments with typhus

From the end of 1941 to the beginning of 1945, doctors conducted experiments on the prisoners of Buchenwald and Natzweiler in the interests of the German armed forces. They were testing vaccines for typhus and other diseases.

Approximately 75% of test subjects were injected with trial typhoid or other vaccines. chemical substances. They were injected with a virus. As a result, more than 90% of them died.

The remaining 25% of the test subjects were injected with the virus without any prior protection. Most of them did not survive. Physicians also conducted experiments related to yellow fever, smallpox, typhoid, and other diseases. Hundreds of prisoners died, and more prisoners suffered unbearable pain as a result.

Twin experiments and genetic experiments

The purpose of the Holocaust was the elimination of all people of non-Aryan origin. Jews, blacks, Hispanics, homosexuals, and other people who didn't fit certain requirements, had to be exterminated so that only the "highest" Aryan race. Genetic experiments were carried out to provide the Nazi Party with scientific proof of the superiority of the Aryans.

Dr. Josef Mengele (also known as the "Angel of Death") had a strong interest in the twins. He separated them from the rest of the prisoners when they entered Auschwitz. The twins had to donate blood every day. The real purpose of this procedure is unknown.

Experiments with twins wore extensive character. They were to be carefully examined and every centimeter of their body measured. After that, comparisons were made to determine hereditary traits. Sometimes doctors performed mass blood transfusions from one twin to the other.

Since people of Aryan origin mostly had Blue eyes, to create them, experiments were carried out with chemical drops or injections into the iris of the eye. These procedures were very painful and led to infections and even blindness.

Injections and lumbar punctures were done without anesthesia. One twin deliberately contracted the disease, and the other did not. If one twin died, the other twin was killed and studied for comparison.

Amputations and removals of organs were also performed without anesthesia. Most of the twins who ended up in the concentration camp died in one way or another, and their autopsies were the last experiments.

Experiments with high altitudes

From March to August 1942, the prisoners of the Dachau concentration camp were used as experimental subjects in experiments to test human endurance for high altitudes. The results of these experiments were supposed to help the German air force.

The test subjects were placed in a low pressure chamber, which created atmospheric conditions at altitudes up to 21,000 meters. Most of the test subjects died, and the survivors suffered from various injuries from being at high altitudes.

Experiments with malaria

Over the course of more than three years, more than 1,000 Dachau prisoners were used in a series of experiments related to the search for a cure for malaria. Healthy prisoners were infected by mosquitoes or extracts from these mosquitoes.

Prisoners who contracted malaria were then treated with various drugs to test their effectiveness. Many prisoners died. The surviving prisoners suffered greatly and were mostly disabled for the rest of their lives.

Especially for readers of my blog site - according to an article from listverse.com- translated by Sergey Maltsev

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