The main city of the Nenets Autonomous Region. Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The harsh northern region is beautiful and distant. These definitions fully apply to the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region. On this land, surrounded by pristine nature, indigenous peoples live according to the customs of their ancestors, and rich subsoil is developed using modern technologies. Yamal has always attracted travelers with its unique appearance. Here the stinginess of the sun and the originality of nature, the severity of the climate and hospitality are combined in the most amazing way. local residents, The Fantastic Palette Of Autumn And The Silent White Of Winter. Scientists love Yamal for its cultural wealth and unique nature. Therefore, be sure to come to the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region(the capital of Salekhard) in order to enjoy the cleanest air and see the beauties of the remote corners of our large country closer.

Geography

Russia is beautiful and rich: the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the black pearl of the northern part of our country. And it occupies neither more nor less - 770 thousand square kilometers of the West Siberian Plain. The district includes: Gydansky and, of course, the Yamal Peninsula. Most of the district is located beyond the Arctic Circle. From the north, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is washed by Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, eastern neighbors- Taimyr and Evenk Autonomous Regions, from the west it borders on the Arkhangelsk Region and the Komi Republic. The relief of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug can be divided into flat and mountainous. All three peninsulas are dotted with small rivers, hollows, ravines and swamps. The mountain range stretches for two hundred kilometers in a narrow strip along the Polar Urals. The climate of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is sharply continental, severe, divided into three zones: the northern strip West Siberian Lowland, subarctic and arctic. The population is about 500 thousand people with a density of less than one person per square kilometer.

Flora

The vegetation cover in the YNAO has a pronounced latitudinal zonality. Five landscape zones can be distinguished: northern taiga, forest tundra, shrub, moss-lichen and arctic tundra. In the northernmost, arctic zone, vegetation is very sparse. Here you can find only mosses, lichens and sedges. Small bushes and herbs are already growing in the moss-lichen tundra. In the next zone (shrub tundra), dwarf birches and willows grow, along the rivers - berries and mushrooms. There are many swamps and small rivers in the forest-tundra. Here grow dwarf birch, larch, small spruce. In the southern zone Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - taiga, many lakes, swamps, rivers. The entire territory is covered with dense light and dark coniferous forests.

Fauna

If a vegetable world YaNAO is quite poor, then the animal is rich and diverse. Thirty-eight species of mammals live in the county's five climate zones. Most of all there are predators and rodents - fourteen species each. Five names of pinnipeds, three - insectivores, two - ungulates. Twenty species of fur-bearing animals are of great commercial importance.

Useful natural resources

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (the capital of Salekhard) is famous for its hydrocarbon reserves. About 78% are concentrated here general reserves Russian oil and gas. YNAO is the world's largest resource base hydrocarbons. Developments for the extraction of valuable raw materials are being carried out at the Nakhodka and Urengoy gas, Ety-Purovskoye, Yuzhno-Russkoye, and Yamburgskoye oil fields. About 8% of the total production of "black" gold and about 80% of "blue gold" are mined annually in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Chromium, molybdenum, tin, iron, lead, phosphorites, barites and other minerals are being mined.

Indigenous peoples of the Yamalo-Nenets region

Today, twenty peoples live in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. But the true indigenous people are the Khanty, Nenets, Selkup and Komi-Izhemtsy, who have lived in this territory since time immemorial. The rest settled only in the second half of the twentieth century. This is due to the development in the era of the Soviet Union of the territories of the Far North.

Khanty: since ancient times, this people lived in the territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The culture, language and customs of this people are very heterogeneous. This is due to the fact that the Khanty settled on a rather vast territory and therefore became somewhat fragmented.

The Nenets inhabit the vast territory of Russia - from to the coast of the Northern Arctic Ocean. This people migrated from Southern Siberia in the first millennium of our era. He belongs to the Samoyedic group.

It is known that he has been living in this territory since the 1st millennium BC. This people is divided into northern and southern Komi. The first from time immemorial were engaged in reindeer herding, fishing and hunting. The second were hunters and fishermen.

The Selkups are the most numerous people of the North. The Selkups were traditionally engaged in fishing and hunting. Those representatives of the people who lived at higher latitudes still bred deer.

Administrative center

The capital of the YNAO is the city of Salekhard. It is located on the banks of the Ob (on the right side). The city is located on the Arctic Circle (the only one in the world). The population is about 40 thousand people. The city was founded in 1595. At first it was a small prison called Obdorsky. Half a century after its foundation, permanent residents appear here. Since 1923, the village of Obdorsk has become the center of the Obdorsky district of the Ural region. And already in 1930, the village was given the status of the administrative center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Three years later, Obdorsk was renamed Salekhard. Today, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the capital of the Autonomous Okrug in particular, is developing quite rapidly. There are many enterprises operating in the city: Yamalzoloto, River port, fish cannery, "Yamalflot" and others. The Yamalo-Nenets District District was opened in the city museum and exhibition complex in which the exhibition center operates, local history museum and a scientific library. Still in Salekhard is the District House of Crafts - the state budgetary cultural institution of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. There are many branches of various universities in the capital of the YaNAO. It should be noted that the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (the capital of Salekhard) is experiencing big problems with Internet access. The fact is that there is no fiber optic network in the region yet.

Cities and districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug

There are seven districts, eight cities, five and forty-one rural administrations in the YaNAO. Districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Yamalsky, Shuryshkarsky, Tazovsky, Purovsky, Priuralsky, Nadymsky and Krasnoselkupsky. As mentioned above, the population density is very low. Despite the vast territory, there are very few cities in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Cities: Noyabrsk (97 thousand), New Urengoy(89.8 thousand), Nadym (45.2 thousand), Muravlenko (36.4 thousand), Salekhard (32.9 thousand), Labytnangi (26.7 thousand), Gubkinsky (21.1 thousand residents). Below, some cities of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug will be described in more detail.

Gubkinsky

The city of Gubkinsky (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) in 1996 became a city of district significance and was named after a Soviet geologist. It is located on the left bank of the Pyakupur River, two hundred kilometers from the northern arctic circle. This city was formed as a base center for the development of oil deposits. Because Gubkinsky (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), mainly specializes in the oil and gas production and processing industry. The city has a well-established work with the youth: there are sports and cultural centers, a dance school, there is a recording studio. Young people have the opportunity to get an education in their hometown.

Muravlenko. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The city was founded in 1984. It received the status of a district in 1990. It was named after the oil engineer Viktor Ivanovich Muravlenko. Basically, the city budget is replenished at the expense of oil industry enterprises. Muravlenko (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) has its own radio and television companies. Newspapers are published: "Our City", "Kopeyka", "The word of an oilman".

Noyabrsk. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

After Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk is the second largest in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The date of foundation of the city can be considered 1973, when the first oil well was drilled on the site of today's Noyabrsk. Two years later, the first settlers arrived here, who mainly consisted of workers. Back in 1976, the village of Noyabrsk could only be found on the maps of oil workers, and already in 1982, the village was given the status of a district city. Oil and gas and developed very well. More than thirty companies work in this field.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug- a subject of the Federation in the north-east of the European part of Russia. The district is located on the northeastern outskirts of the East European Plain. The relief of the territory is mostly flat; the Timan Ridge and the Pai-Khoi Ridge stand out, between which the swampy Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya tundras are located.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug, being an independent subject of the federation within the Northwestern Federal District, is part of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Naryan-Mar.

The territory of the region is 176,810 km2, the population (as of January 1, 2017) is 43,937 people.

Surface water resources

The territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug belongs to the basin of the Arctic Ocean, most of it belongs to the basin of the Barents and Pechora Seas, the extreme western part - to the basin of the White Sea, the extreme east - to the basin of the Kara Sea.

The river network of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is represented by 1854 rivers total length 47,144 km (density of the river network 0.27 km / km 2), most of which belong to small rivers and streams. The rivers of the Autonomous Okrug are predominantly of ranvin character. They are characterized by a mixed diet with a predominance of snow (up to 75%). The rivers of the region belong to the Eastern European type of water regime, they are characterized by spring floods with a sharp rise in water level, summer-autumn low water, occasionally interrupted by rain floods, and low winter low water. The duration of freeze-up on the rivers of the Autonomous Okrug is 7-8 months, many rivers freeze in winter. The lower parts of the Pechora, Kara and Korotaikha basins, as well as a number of medium and small rivers flowing into the Barents and Kara Seas, are located on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Also major rivers, partially or completely flowing through the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, are the tributaries of the Pechora of the first and second order - Sula, as well as Adzva and Kolva (tributaries of the river Usa). Among the regions of the federal district, the Nenets Autonomous District occupies the last place in terms of the density of the river network.

The area and number of lakes and artificial reservoirs, swamps and wetlands are not constant, they depend on natural ( water regime, climatic phenomena, swamping, etc.) and anthropogenic (drainage of territories, etc.) factors.

Groundwater resources

Functions for the provision of public services and the management of federal property in the field of water resources in the region are carried out by the Department of Water Resources of the Dvinsko-Pechora BVU for the Arkhangelsk Region and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Powers in the field of water relations transferred to the subjects Russian Federation, functions for the provision of public services and the management of regional property in the field of water resources in the region are carried out by the Department natural resources, ecology and agro-industrial complex Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

On the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, Government program"Security environment, reproduction and use of natural resources”, aimed at the protection and rational use water bodies, ensuring the protection of the population and economic facilities from the negative impact of water and solving other problems.

In preparing the material, data from the State reports "On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2015", "On the state and use of water resources of the Russian Federation in 2015", "On the state and use of land in the Russian Federation in 2015", “On the state of the environment in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 2015”, collection “Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2016". In the ratings of regions by surface and underground water resources cities are not taken into account federal significance –

The most sparsely populated region of the country, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, is located in the northwest of its Eastern European part. You can get an idea about the district, consider its borders, cities and other objects using a satellite map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The lands between the Pechora and the Ugra are mentioned in chronicles belonging to the 9th-10th centuries. Indigenous people(Nenets) moved here from the banks of the Ob, but after some time passed into control Novgorod princes who constantly collected tribute from the northern regions.

If you look at the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with diagrams, it becomes clear that most of land is located in the Arctic. The county has common boundaries with:

• Arkhangelsk region;
• Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
• Republic of Komi.

The district owns several islands and peninsulas. The most northern territories of the Okrug are limited by the waters of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. All objects are displayed on the maps of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with regions. You can easily find cities, and by zooming in, you can view the streets in detail, the location of buildings, find train stations, shops, and administrative offices. The map is an indispensable assistant in travel, business trips, tourist trips. Download the map to your smartphone or tablet and view any object as magnified as possible.

Districts on the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Everything on the territory of the district is unique - nature, culture of indigenous peoples and even territorial division. This is the only region in the country in which only 1 region is territorially allocated - Zapolyarny. There are 19 villages on its territory. All other villages of the region are not included in the district, but belong to the urban district. AT detailed map In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, even small settlements are represented.

The following rivers flow in the region:

• Longvozh;
• Pechora;
• Voyvozh;
• Sher-Vozh.

The main administrative unit here is the village of Seekers. The village has television, radio broadcasting, partial coverage of cellular communications, and bus routes connecting the village with the city of Naryan-Mar. In the settlements that are displayed on the map of the region of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the number of residents is very small. A little more than 1,500 people inhabit only the village of Krasnoye, in other villages it is even smaller.

Transport links in the district are poorly developed. Only 28% of all roads are paved. Road communication with other regions is interrupted weather conditions and sometimes missing long time. Look at the location of the main roads in detail on the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and you will be convinced of the scarcity of transport links.

The main burden in the movement of residents and guests of the region falls on air transport. Some villages can be reached by helicopter, and from the airport you can fly by plane to cities such as:

• Arkhangelsk;
• St. Petersburg;
• Pechora;
• Moscow.

Along the rivers of the region, the villages that are marked on the map with the villages of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug can also be reached by river transport, but navigation lasts for a very short period - from mid-June to October.

Map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with cities and villages

When you try to find the city on the map, you will be surprised. There is only one locality with this status. Naryan-Mar is the "heart" of the district in literally. This is a trading port that provides life for the Polar region. As the map with cities and villages of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug shows, you can come here by car only along the Laya-Voyage road, which stretches from the east and is a “winter road”.

The city has its own, a few attractions:

• administration and post office buildings;
• monument to the sailors of the steamship "Komsomolets";
• monument to reindeer herders;
• house of culture.

The population of the city slightly exceeds 20 thousand people. The main nationalities are Nenets and Russians. Over the past 10 years, modern, comfortable houses have appeared in the city, which can be found on a map with the settlements of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Also using online service you can find the main streets, access roads to the port and airport.

Economy and industry of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The region's economy is based on oil and gas production and traditional industries. The region has the largest oil and gas condensate fields:

• Khasyrey;
• Tedinskoye;
• Toravey;
• Kharyaginskoe.

In total, 96 fields are already being produced in the region and more than 20 are being developed.

On Yandex maps of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, you can see large, undeveloped territories that are occupied by pastures. More than 2,000 people are involved in reindeer herding, mostly representatives of the indigenous peoples of the region. There are also more than 10 fishing cooperatives with their own trawl fleet. There are several processing plants within Naryan-Mar.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a unique inimitable subject of the Russian Federation. The vast territory of the region is almost completely located beyond the Arctic Circle. The last snow here melts at the end of July, and winter lasts 220–240 days on average.

Nenets Okrug- these are mysterious northern expanses with a unique landscape and a set of natural, historical and cultural property, unusual and indescribable for a person who has never been to the north. For example, northern lights or a winter rainbow, snowstorms when visibility ends at arm's length, vast expanses of snow-covered tundra, when it seems that you can go to the edge of the world and look there.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug was formed on July 15, 1929 by the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the basis of the will of the Nenets people.

The territory of the district is 176.7 thousand square meters. km. Within the current borders, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (yes, these are two different subjects of the Russian Federation), the Komi Republic and the Mezensky District of the Arkhangelsk Region, from the north the border runs along the coast of Bely, Barents and Kara seas including adjacent islands.

More than 30 objects are located in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug cultural heritage- monuments of architecture and history, which are under state protection.

Naryan-Mar - administrative center and the only city in the county. Also in the district there are 1 urban-type settlement and 42 rural settlements.

An interesting feature of the city is that the houses are given names. Locals can easily show you where the Titanic, Little Red Riding Hood, Sandwich, Gingerbread House, Bruise, Sandwich or the Royal stables are located. By calling a taxi, you can ask the dispatcher to drive up to the sandwich, and you will be understood.

For 12 years, the city has completely changed its appearance, from 2-storey barrack-type houses to modern high-rise buildings.

Naryan-Mar and other settlements of the district are not connected with the "mainland" by car or railways. You can get to the district only by plane or by winter road. The expression "Island on the mainland" characterizes the transport situation in the district.

Nenets (author of the photo - Matvey Chuprov)

The indigenous people of the district are the Nenets. 7 thousand people out of 43 thousand total population districts.

The Nenets people lead nomadic image life, moving across the territory of the entire district. The rhythm and duration of camping is determined by the state of reindeer pastures, their ability to feed the animals. As soon as this ability is lost, there is a need to change pastures.

The number of deer in the district is 168 thousand heads, which is more than the number of people. Reindeer for the Nenets is the center of life. Food, clothing, housing, transportation all provide this amazing animal.

Camp (author of the photo - Matvey Chuprov)

All Nenets have been living in tents since ancient times. For them, it is the center of all family life, which is perceived as the whole world with their own laws and regulations.

Pustozersk (photo by Maria Samylova)

Of great interest is the archaeological heritage of the district. Special place occupies a monument of federal importance Pustozerskoe settlement. Pustozersk is the first city beyond the Arctic Circle. From the moment the "city and fortress" appeared, Pustozersk has become the center of the entire lower and middle Pechora: from the Timan tundra to the northern Urals, from the coast of the Barents Sea and Vaigach to the Vym and Usa rivers. It was the largest locality in the Far North, the administrative, commercial, cultural and religious center of the Pechora Territory, a military stronghold. The first Russian city beyond the Arctic Circle.

It was here that Archpriest Avakum wrote the unique Life of Archpriest Avvakum, Written by Himself.

White Nights

One of the reasons for coming to the Nenets tundra is the phenomenon known as "white nights". In summer, the sun does not set below the horizon 24 hours a day. This period lasts from May 29 to July 15. Have you ever seen the moon and the sun in the sky at the same time? Such miracles are possible in the Nenets Okrug!

Northern Lights (photo by Daniil Ispolinov)

Long northern "polar nights" allow you to see another a natural phenomenon- "Northern lights". There are quite a few around Naryan-Mar convenient places to watch the impressive play of sunlight.

Our region is fraught with many other wonders and mysteries. You can travel along it both in winter and summer - and there is always a feeling or illusion that you managed to embrace the immensity.

Territory Nenets Okrug is unique, here is the only standard of flat tundra in Europe, where you can see untouched landscapes and natural complexes. The wealth of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is not only the minerals found on its territory, but also the unique northern nature and the ancient people of reindeer herders with thousands of years of tradition.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug, located in the north of the East European Plain, is part of the Northwestern Federal District and borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Mezensky District of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Komi Republic. The population of the district is 42,789 people (as of 2013). The area of ​​the district is 175.81 thousand square meters. km. The Nenets Okrug occupies the Kanin Peninsula, two large islands - Vaigach and Kolguev and small islands - Peskov, Dolgiy, Bolshoi Zelenets, Maly Zelenets, Sengeevsky, Gulyavskie Koshki and others. Almost all the lands of the district, except for the southwestern part, are located beyond the Arctic Circle and are washed by the seas of the Arctic Ocean - the Barents, White and Kara.

In 1929, the Nenets Okrug became the first national district in the Far North, and in 1977 was renamed the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Two-thirds of the Okrug's population are Russians, one-third are the small peoples of the North, Komi and Nenets.

The administrative center is the city of Naryan-Mar (translated from Nenets as “Red City”), located 1500 km from Moscow. There is no time difference with Moscow. You can get to the city by plane, and during the shipping season from mid-June to October - sea ​​transport. The city was founded in the 30s of the twentieth century as a seaport and river pier. Now Naryan-Mar is one of the main transshipment bases for oil tankers.

The Nenets Okrug is located in the Arctic climate zone, where the influence of Atlantic cyclones is strong, which is why the weather here is constantly changing. The subarctic climate is harsh - winters are cold here, lasting up to 5 months in the western part of the district, and up to 6.5 months in the eastern. The average temperature in winter is 11-20 C, in summer - + 6-13 C. In winter, there are thaws, and in summer there are frosts. In autumn, the sea slightly softens the climate on the coast, and in spring and summer it makes it cooler. From August to September, the maximum amount of precipitation usually falls. Fogs and blizzards often occur in the area.

In most of the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, permafrost occurs, which is interrupted on the coast and in the southern part. Most of the lands of the Nenets Okrug are tundra - arctic mountain, northern, southern, a quarter falls on the forest tundra and a small part, about 8% of the entire territory - on the northern taiga.

Nenets Okrug represents great interest for extreme, geological, ethnographic and ecological tourism. For nature lovers and scientists, this place is simply expanse.

On the territory of the district there is the Nenets State Nature Reserve with an area of ​​almost 314 hectares, of which 182 hectares are in the sea area. The reserve occupies the northeast of the Malozemelnaya tundra, the Pechora delta and all the islands of the Pechora Bay. The reserve preserves both unique endemic plants and rare species of birds and animals - lesser swan, white-tailed eagle, white-billed loon, lesser white-billed bird, Atlantic walrus, gray seal, bearded seal (beared seal), ringed seal, there is a rare amphibian - Siberian salamander . Rare cetaceans enter the bays - northern fin whales and high-browed bottlenose.

In the Pechora Delta, valuable species of fish spawn - navaga and salmon, salmon, omul, grayling are found in lakes, smelt and polar cod walk in coastal waters.

Be sure to visit one of the most memorable places in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which is the unique area of ​​the Belaya River on the Northern Timan. AT geographically The Northern Timan is a gently sloping upland, consisting of four ridges, elongated from the southeast to the northwest.

In its upper reaches, the Belaya River winds its way into high rocky banks composed of whitish quartz sandstone. Thanks to frosty weathering and rain streams that wash away the destroyed material from the slopes, the shores are decorated with bizarre remnant figures that give free rein to fantasy and imagination. The soft rock of sedimentary origin is so worn out by severe temperature and water weathering that strong winds amazing statues, monuments, pillars, arches are blown out of shapeless cobblestones. Here you can see vases, dinosaurs, figures of people and animals, chess pieces and dilapidated buildings. A real stone city! Everywhere there are whole placers of white, shimmering like snow, sand, such as you will not find in the most fashionable resorts. The tundra is also surprising here - instead of the standard wet swamp covered with moss, dwarf birch and willow, there is a pleasant dry surface covered with reindeer moss, pebbles and sand. It has a rugged terrain with excellent drainage and very strong winds.

Downstream, the Belaya flows in relatively low, bushy banks, and then again rushes into a narrow, deep canyon. Here Belaya cuts through the Chaitsyn Stone ridge, and in its high banks majestic and beautiful, and at the same time gloomy rocks of sandstone and basalt are exposed. This is a unique natural monument - the Big Gate Canyon.

Along the entire course of the river, there are beautiful outcrops of rocks, in some places sheerly breaking into the water. On the shallows there are magnificent agates. In the basalts of the "Big Gate" canyon, there are often secretions made of chalcedony, a beautiful bluish agate with transparent crystals of rock crystal in the form of bubbles inside, lilac amethyst and other minerals.

The river is full of rapids and requires attention and special care from the traveler. There are places completely littered with huge boulders with several waterfalls, up to one and a half meters high, under which there is the main danger - foam boilers. Water, with a roar, merging through a narrow gap, falling, forms not even foamy water, but water foam with an extremely low density.

The water in the river is so transparent that, even climbing a rock, you can see all the inhabitants of the river - grayling, trout, salmon. The abundance of fish in the river is simply amazing. Often the number of spinning throws coincides with the number of fish caught. On its banks you can find thickets of Karelian birch, reminiscent of orchards, on separate sections rowan, currant, aspen, spruce grow along the banks. There is something to eat: there are a lot of cloudberries on the swamps, blueberries and blueberries on the slopes.

The Belaya River can be interesting both for water tourism and for hiking: its banks are passable along its entire length.

Those who like to eat berries will not be able to pass by huge fields of cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries and lingonberries, mushroom pickers will also be able to "hunt" - there are a lot of edible mushrooms in the tundra.

On the territory of the district, sites of ancient people were found, which belong to the Paleolithic era (8th millennium BC), and settlements of people of the Bronze Age. On the island of Vaygach, the sacred island of the Nenets, 200 monuments of ancient Nenets culture were discovered - sanctuaries and cemeteries, parking lots, idols, altars.

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the lower reaches of the Pechora River, 26 kilometers from Naryan-Mar memorable places Russian North - the place where it was ancient capital of the entire Pechora Territory - Pustozersk.

Territory ancient settlement Pustozersk is located on the shore of Lake Gorodetskoye. It was founded in 1499 during the expedition of the Moscow squad to the Yugra land by the governors of Ivan Sh: princes P. Ushaty, S. Kurbsky and V. Brazhnik. During the 16th - 19th centuries it was the economic and cultural center of the Pechora Territory, played important role in the development of the Far North and the development of Arctic navigation. It was a place of exile for state criminals.

In 1644, a prison for thieves and disgraced people was set up in Pustozersk - the most terrible and farthest in the north of the state. Here, for about 15 years, the ideologue of the Old Believers and the outstanding Russian writer of the 17th century, Archpriest Avvakum, languished in prison. For several years, the famous diplomat and cultural figure of the 17th century boyar Artamon Matveev stayed. Among the prisoners were princes Semyon Shcherbaty, Ivan Dolgoruky, participants in the uprisings of K. Bulavin, S. Razin, the Solovetsky “sitting” and others.

The monument includes an ancient settlement (fortress) and a township part. The cultural layer from the side of Lake Gorodetskoye (southern and East End Pustozersk) are almost 4 meters high and contain the entire suite of cultural strata for 500 years. Archaeological work has been carried out since 1987 by the AAE under the leadership of O.V. Ovsyannikov.

Monument to Pustozersk (obelisk), opened on August 2, 1964. Located on the site of the former Pustozersk. Erected on the initiative of V.I. Malyshev, Doctor of Philology, Director of the Ancient Storage of the Pushkin House (St. Petersburg), according to the project of the chief architect of Arkhangelsk V. M. Kibirev. It was built at the expense of the Arkhangelsk Regional Executive Committee by the Leningrad master builder S. T. Ustinov, with the participation of students from the Naryan-Mar Construction School.

The monument is a tetrahedral obelisk, built from the stone of the former foundation of the Church of the Transfiguration (height 3.7 m, width 1.4 m) on the north side - a marble slab with the following content: “Pustozersk, founded in 1499, was located on this site , the economic and cultural center of the Pechora Territory, which played an important role in the development of the Far North and in the development of Arctic navigation. From here industrialists came out to develop Novaya Zemlya, Svalbard and the Siberian rivers.

In the last century, Pustozersk became the object of versatile study by specialists. The city existed until the middle of the twentieth century. Now only monuments and grave crosses of the old Pustozero cemeteries remind of its former glory. But interest in the history of Pustozersk does not weaken. This is evidenced by the Avvakumov Readings held in Naryan-Mar, the constant desire of residents and guests of the Nenets Okrug to visit this unique place. In 1991, the territory of the former Pustozersk was declared a museum zone.

The city of Naryan-Mar is located beyond the Arctic Circle in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The hallmark and main architectural asset of the city is the building of the main post office of the district.

Naryan-Mar is a small town that you can get around in one day. There are no special attractions here, the weather is harsh. But despite this, tourists coming here will be able to have a great time. The houses in the city are painted orange and yellow colors, so they look quite interesting in the sun. The nature of Naryan-Mar impresses with its pristine beauty and severity. But the main feature and attraction of the city is the building of the main post office. This ancient building is a true architectural masterpiece, reminiscent of a church. In the good old days, the telegraph office of the Arctic Circle was located here, now it is a branch of the Russian Post and the city administration. Previously, there was a beautiful and large clock on the highest tower of the building, then they were removed and replaced with a spire. In 2000, the building of the main post office of the city of Naryan-Mar was carefully restored.

in the town high prices on food, poor cellular communication and the Internet, a trip here is suitable only for people with a strong spirit who prefer to live away from civilization. The reward will be beautiful nature and local attractions, even if there are not so many of them.

For local residents, the main thing Postal office not only a cultural and architectural monument of history - it is a kind of business card city ​​and its main asset.

Your trip to Pym-Va-Shor will not be forgotten. The state natural monument Pym-Va-Shor, which in translation from the Komi means “hot water stream”. The only mineral-thermal springs in the Far North, first described by Archimandrite Veniamin in 1849, are located between the streams Pym-Va-Shor and Dyr-Shor - tributaries of the Adzva. This is a group of 8 sources with a total debit of 25-30 l/s. The water temperature in the springs in winter and summer is from 18 to 28 °C (previously it reached 40 °C). Some sources are located above the water level in the stream, others - under water. The spring water contains a large set of microelements - titanium, chromium, iron, zinc, nickel, copper, bromine, etc. The gas dissolved in the spring water contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and radon. Among the Nenets and Komi, the water of the Pym-Va-Shor springs has been considered healing since ancient times, curing stomach, lung and skin diseases. The swimming pool was built by the geologists of the Polar-Ural expedition (now partially destroyed). The sources are very picturesque place. Streams cut through the limestone of the Carboniferous age, forming canyons. The limestone ridges are covered with red moss. One of them contains a cave.

The main dwelling of the Nenets Chum, which was built from 30-50 poles, was covered with two layers of deer skins with trimmed wool. The inner layer of the skins was laid with wool inside, and the top layer was laid out. In the summer it was covered with tires sewn from boiled birch bark.

The Nenets have been living in tents since ancient times. For the Nenets, this is the center of the entire life of the family, which is perceived as the whole world. The plague has a hole at the top, it corresponds to the location of the sun during the day, and the moon at night. Inclined poles covered with skins correspond to the airy sphere that envelops the Earth. The richer the family was, the larger the chum was. The poor have a pointed chum, while the blunt one, on the contrary, is among the Nenets with a good income. Chum is built from poles. This requires 40 poles.

Then the poles are covered with reindeer skins, which the Nenets call nyuks. Deer skins are sewn together into continuous panels, and then the poles are covered. To cover the plague in winter time it takes 65 to 75 deer. From June to September there is a transition from winter to summer nukes. The diameter of the plague reaches up to 8 meters, it can contain up to 20 people.

Inside the plague, every object and every place has its own purpose since antiquity. The central axis of the plague is a pole, which the Nenets consider sacred and call simzy. 7 heads of family and tribal spirits are placed on it. A shaman in a chum always had a simza decorated with the image of the sacred minle bird. Along the simza, the smoke from the hearth rises to the upper opening of the plague. According to the legends, heroes used the sacred pole to fly to battles and military exploits.

Behind the sims is a sacred place - "si". Only older men are allowed to step on it. For children and women, this is a forbidden place. At this place is a sacred chest. It stores the spirits of the patrons of the hearth, family and clan. All family savings and relics, weapons and a chest with tools are also stored there. These things are available only to the head of the house, and are inviolable for other members. The “not” place is for a woman, it is located opposite the si, at the entrance. Here she does all the household chores. In the middle, between not and si, is a sleeping place. A belt with amulets and a knife is placed at the head. Going to bed, the man takes cover with a female egg. In summer, the sleeping place is fenced off with a calico canopy. The canopy is used only at night, during the day it is carefully rolled up and secured with pillows. The children lie next to their parents. Further from the Simza, the unmarried eldest sons lay down, then the old people and other family members, including guests. It is very smoky in the plague, but in summer the smoke is good rescue from mosquitoes.

Chum often moved with its owners from place to place. Therefore, there are no beds or wardrobes in the tents. Of the furniture, there is only a small table - roofing felt and a chest. Before the advent of mobile power plants, lamps were used to illuminate the plague. They were made from bowls and filled with fish oil, in which the wick was immersed. Later, kerosene lamps appeared. For shaking snow from shoes and the hem of outerwear, there is a mallet at the entrance to the chum.

There is a cradle for small children in the chum. Previously, the baby was placed in the cradle immediately after birth, and taken out only when he began to walk. At the bottom of the cradle, wood shavings and dry moss were poured. The skins of deer and polar fox served as diapers. The child was attached to the cradle with special straps. When breastfeeding, the mother took the child along with the cradle. Such cradles are still used today.

In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 320 amateur art groups have been created, which preserve the ancient cultural traditions of the small peoples of the North, constantly participate in All-Russian and international festivals and holidays.

At festivals and exhibitions held in the region, you can buy unique products made of leather and fur, wood, bone and deer antler, made by craftsmen according to ancient traditions, and even be present at their creation.

You will enjoy many things while traveling in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug! These will be both man-made monuments created by the ancient and modern inhabitants of these places, the original culture of the peoples who today inhabit this region, and unique natural attractions.