For an observer located in the Northern Hemisphere, for example, in the European part of Russia, the Sun habitually rises in the east and rises to the south, occupying the highest position in the sky at noon, then tilts to the west and hides behind the horizon line. This movement of the Sun is only visible and is caused by the rotation of the Earth around its axis. If you look at the Earth from above in the direction of the North Pole, then it will rotate counterclockwise. At the same time, the sun is in place, the visibility of its movement is created due to the rotation of the Earth.

Earth's annual rotation

Around the Sun, the Earth also rotates counterclockwise: if you look at the planet from above, from the North Pole. Since the earth's axis is tilted relative to the plane of rotation, as the earth rotates around the sun, it illuminates it unevenly. For one area sunlight gets more, others get less. Due to this, the seasons change and the length of the day changes.

Spring and autumn equinox

Twice a year, on March 21 and September 23, the Sun equally illuminates the Northern and Southern hemispheres. These moments are known as the autumnal equinox. In March, autumn begins in the Northern Hemisphere, in the Southern Hemisphere. In September, on the contrary, autumn comes to the Northern Hemisphere, and spring to the Southern Hemisphere.

Summer and winter solstice

In the Northern Hemisphere on June 22, the Sun rises highest above the horizon. The day has the most longer duration and the night is the shortest. Winter solstice occurs on December 22 - the day has the shortest duration, and the night is the longest. In the Southern Hemisphere, the opposite is true.

polar night

Due to the tilt of the earth's axis, the polar and subpolar regions of the Northern Hemisphere during the winter months are without sunlight - the Sun does not rise above the horizon at all. This phenomenon is known as polar night. A similar polar night exists for polar regions southern hemisphere, the difference between them is exactly six months.

What gives the Earth its rotation around the Sun

The planets cannot but revolve around their luminaries - otherwise they would simply be attracted and burned out. The uniqueness of the Earth lies in the fact that the tilt of its axis of 23.44 degrees turned out to be optimal for the emergence of all the diversity of life on the planet.

It is thanks to the tilt of the axis that the seasons change, there are different climatic zones that ensure the diversity of the earth's flora and fauna. Heating change earth's surface provides movement air masses, and hence the precipitation in the form of rain and snow.

The distance from the Earth to the Sun of 149,600,000 km also turned out to be optimal. A little further, and the water on Earth would be only in the form of ice. Any closer, and the temperature would already be too high. The very emergence of life on Earth and the diversity of its forms became possible precisely due to the unique coincidence of such a multitude of factors.

Why does the earth rotate on its axis? Why, in the presence of friction, did it not stop for millions of years (or maybe it stopped and rotated in the other direction more than once)? What determines continental drift? What is the cause of earthquakes? Why did dinosaurs become extinct? How to scientifically explain periods of glaciation? In what way or more precisely how to scientifically explain empirical astrology?Try to answer these questions in order.

Abstracts

1. The reason why the planets rotate on their axis is external source energy - the sun.
2. The rotation mechanism is as follows:
   • The sun heats the gaseous and liquid phases of the planets (atmosphere and hydrosphere).
   • As a result of uneven heating, ‘air’ and ‘sea’ currents arise, which, through interaction with the solid phase of the planet, begin to spin it in one direction or another.
   • The configuration of the solid phase of the planet, like the blades of a turbine, determines the direction and speed of rotation.
3. If the solid phase is not sufficiently monolithic and solid, then it moves (continental drift).
4. The movement of the solid phase (continental drift) can lead to an acceleration or deceleration of rotation up to a change in the direction of rotation, etc. Oscillatory and other effects are possible.
5. In turn, a similarly displaced solid upper phase ( Earth's crust) interacts with the underlying layers of the Earth, which are more stable in terms of rotation. At the contact boundary, a large amount of energy is released in the form of heat. This is thermal energy, apparently, is one of the main reasons for the heating of the Earth. And this border is one of the areas where education takes place rocks and minerals.
6. All these accelerations and decelerations have a long-term effect (climate), and a short-term effect (weather), and not only meteorological, but also geological, biological, genetic.

Confirmations

Reviewing and comparing the available astronomical data on the planets solar system I conclude that the data for all the planets fit into the framework of this theory. Where there are 3 phases of the state of matter there, the rotation speed is greatest.

Moreover, one of the planets, having a highly elongated orbit, has a clearly uneven (oscillatory) rotation speed during its year.

Table of elements of the solar system

bodies of the solar system	The average Distance to the Sun, a. e.	Middle period rotation around an axis	The number of phases of the state of matter on the surface	Number of satellites	sidereal period, year	Orbital inclination to the ecliptic	Mass (Earth mass unit)
The sun		25days (35 per pole)		9 planets			333000
Mercury	0,387	58.65 days			0,241		0,054
Venus	0,723	243 days			0,615	3° 24'	0,815
Earth		23h 56m 4s
Mars	1,524	24h 37m 23s			1,881	1° 51'	0,108
Jupiter	5,203	9h 50m		16+p. ring	11,86	1° 18'	317,83
Saturn	9,539	10h 14m		17+rings	29,46	2° 29'	95,15
Uranus	19,19	10h 49m		5+knot rings	84,01	0° 46'	14,54
Neptune	30,07	15h 48m			164,7	1° 46'	17,23
Pluto	39,65	6.4 days	2- 3 ?		248,9	17°	0,017

The reasons for the rotation around its axis of the Sun are interesting. What forces are causing it?

Undoubtedly, internal, since the flow of energy comes from within the Sun itself. And the uneven rotation from the pole to the equator? There is no answer to this yet.

Direct measurements show that the speed of the Earth's rotation changes during the day, just like the weather. So, for example, according to “Periodic changes in the speed of the Earth's rotation were also noted, corresponding to the change of seasons, i.e. associated with meteorological phenomena, combined with the features of the distribution of land on the surface the globe. Sometimes there are sudden changes in rotational speed that have not been explained ...

In 1956, a sudden change in the speed of the Earth's rotation occurred after an exceptional powerful flash on the Sun on February 25 of this year.” Also, according to "from June to September, the Earth rotates faster than the average for the year, and the rest of the time - more slowly."

Surface analysis of the map sea ​​currents shows that for the most part sea ​​currents determine the direction of rotation of the earth. Northern and South America- the drive belt of the entire Earth, through which two powerful currents twist the Earth. Other currents move Africa and form the Red Sea.

... Other evidence shows that sea currents cause part of the continents to drift. ” Researchers Northwestern University United States, as well as several other North American, Peruvian and Ecuadorian institutions...” used satellites to analyze the measurement of the relief of the Andes. “The findings were summarized in her dissertation by Lisa Leffer-Griffin.” The following figure (right) shows the results of these two years of observations and studies.

Black arrows show the speed vectors of movement of control points. An analysis of this picture once again clearly shows that North and South America is the driving belt of the entire Earth.

A similar pattern is observed along the Pacific coast. North America, opposite the point of application of forces from the current is the area seismic activity and as a result - the famous fault. There are parallel chains of mountains that suggest the periodicity of the above described phenomena.

Practical Application

Gets an explanation and the presence of a volcanic belt - the belt of earthquakes.

The earthquake belt is nothing but a giant accordion, which is constantly in motion under the influence of tensile and compressive variable forces.

Following the winds and currents, it is possible to determine the points (regions) of the application of untwisting and braking forces and then using a pre-built mathematical model area, it is possible to mathematically strictly, according to the strength of materials, calculate earthquakes!

Get an explanation for daily fluctuations magnetic field Earth, completely different explanations of geological and geophysical phenomena arise, additional facts arise for the analysis of hypotheses about the origin of the planets of the solar system.

The formation of such geological formations as island arcs, for example, the Aleutian or Kuril Islands, is being explained. Arcs are formed from the side opposite to the action of sea and wind forces, as a result of the interaction of a mobile continent (for example, Eurasia) with a less mobile oceanic crust (for example, the Pacific Ocean). Wherein oceanic crust does not move under the mainland, but on the contrary, the mainland moves towards the ocean, and only in those places where the oceanic crust transfers forces to another continent (in this example America), the oceanic crust can move under the continent and no arcs are formed here. In turn, similarly, the American continent transfers forces to the crust Atlantic Ocean and through it to Eurasia and Africa, i.e. the circle is closed.

This movement is confirmed by the block structure of the faults of the bottom of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans; movements occur in blocks along the direction of the forces.

Some facts are explained:

• why dinosaurs became extinct (changed, the rotation speed decreased and the length of the day increased significantly, possibly up to complete change direction of rotation);
• why periods of glaciation occurred;
• why some plants have a different genetically determined daylight hours.

Through genetics, this empirically alchemical astrology is also explained.

Ecological problems associated with even slight climate change, through sea currents can significantly affect the Earth's biosphere.

Reference

Power solar radiation when approaching the Earth is huge ~ 1.5 kWh/m

2 .

The imaginary body of the Earth, bounded by a surface, which at all points

perpendicular to the direction of gravity and has the same gravity potential is called the geoid.

In fact, even sea ​​surface does not match the shape of the geoid. The shape that we see in the section is the same more or less balanced gravitational shape that the globe has reached.

There are also local deviations from the geoid. For example, the Gulf Stream rises 100-150 cm above the surrounding water surface, the Sargasso Sea is elevated and, conversely, the ocean level is lowered near the Bahamas and over the Puerto Rico Trench. The reason for these small differences is winds and currents. East trade winds drive water into the western part of the Atlantic. The Gulf Stream carries away this excess water, so its level is higher than that of the surrounding waters. The level of the Sargasso Sea is higher because it is the center of the circulation of currents and water is being driven into it from all sides.

Sea currents:

• Gulfstream system

The capacity at the exit from the Strait of Florida is 25 million m

3 / s, which is 20 times the capacity of all rivers on earth. AT open ocean capacity increases to 80 million m 3 / s at an average speed of 1.5 m/s.

Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)

, the largest current of the world ocean, also called the Antarctic circular current, etc. It is directed to the east and encircles Antarctica in a continuous ring. The length of the ADC is 20 thousand km, the width is 800–1500 km. Water transfer in the ADC system ~ 150 million m 3 / with. The average speed on the surface according to drifting buoys is 0.18 m/s.

Kuroshio

- an analogue of the Gulf Stream, continues as the North Pacific (can be traced to a depth of 1-1.5 km, speed 0.25 - 0.5 m / s), Alaska and California currents (width 1000 km, average speed up to 0.25 m / s, in the coastal strip at a depth below 150 m passes a steady countercurrent).

Peruvian, Humboldt Current

(velocity up to 0.25 m/s, in the coastal strip there are Peru and Peru-Chile countercurrents directed to the south).

Tectonic scheme and current system of the Atlantic Ocean.

1 - Gulf Stream, 2 and 3 - equatorial currents(North and South Trade Winds),4 - Antilles, 5 - Caribbean, 6 - Canary, 7 - Portuguese, 8 - North Atlantic, 9 - Irminger, 10 - Norwegian, 11 - East Greenland, 12 - West Greenland, 13 - Labrador, 14 - Guinean, 15 - Benguela, 16 - Brazilian, 17 - Falkland, 18 -Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)

1. Modern knowledge the synchronicity of glacial and interglacial periods throughout the globe is evidenced not so much by a change in the flow solar energy, how much about the cyclic movements of the earth's axis. The fact that both of these phenomena exist has been proven with all irrefutability. When spots appear on the Sun, the intensity of its radiation weakens. The maximum deviations from the intensity norm are rarely more than 2%, which is clearly insufficient for the formation of an ice cover. The second factor was already studied in the 1920s by Milankovitch, who derived theoretical curves for fluctuations in solar radiation for various geographical latitudes. There is evidence that in the Pleistocene there were more volcanic dust. Layer Antarctic ice, of the corresponding age contain more volcanic ash than later layers (see the following figure by A. Gow and T. Williamson, 1971). Most of the ash was found in the layer, which is 30,000-16,000 years old. The study of oxygen isotopes showed that more than low temperatures. Of course, this argument indicates high volcanic activity.

Average motion vectors lithospheric plates

(according to laser satellite observations over the past 15 years)

Comparison with the previous figure once again confirms this theory of the Earth's rotation!

Paleotemperature and volcanic intensity curves obtained by examining an ice sample at Byrd Station in Antarctica.

Layers found in ice core volcanic ash. The graphs show that after intense volcanic activity, the end of glaciation began.

The volcanic activity itself (with a constant solar flux) ultimately depends on the temperature difference between the equatorial and polar regions and the configuration, the relief of the surface of the continents, the bed of the oceans and the relief of the lower surface of the earth's crust!

V. Farrand (1965) and others proved that the events on initial stage ice age occurred in the following sequence 1 - glaciation,

2 - land cooling, 3 - ocean cooling. At the final stage, the glaciers melted first and only then warming.

The movements of lithospheric plates (blocks) are too slow to cause such consequences directly. Recall that the average speed of movement is 4 cm per year. In 11,000 years, they would have moved only 500 m. But this is enough to radically change the system of sea currents and thus reduce the transfer of heat to the polar regions.

. It is enough to turn the Gulf Stream or change the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and glaciation is guaranteed!

Half life radioactive gas radon is 3.85 days, its appearance with a variable debit on the surface of the earth above the thickness of sandy-clay deposits (2-3 km) indicates continuing education microcracks, which are the result of uneven and multidirectional stresses constantly changing in it. This is another confirmation of this theory of the rotation of the Earth. I would like to analyze a map of the distribution of radon and helium around the globe, unfortunately, I do not have such data. Helium is an element that requires much less energy to form than other elements (except hydrogen).

A few words for biology and astrology.

As you know, the gene is more or less stable formation. To obtain mutations, significant external influences are necessary: ​​radiation (irradiation), chemical influence (poisoning), biological impact(infections and diseases). Thus, in the gene, as by analogy in the annual rings of plants, newly acquired mutations are fixed. This is especially known in example of plants, there are plants with long and short daylight hours. And this already directly indicates the duration of the corresponding light period, when this species was formed.

All these astrological "stuff" make sense only in relation to a certain race, a people who have been living in their native environment for a long time. Where the environment is constant throughout the year, there is no point in the signs of the Zodiac and there must be its own empiricism - astrology, its own calendar. Apparently, the genes contain an algorithm that has not yet been clarified, the behavior of the organism, which is realized when the environment(birth, development, nutrition, reproduction, disease). So this algorithm is empirically trying to find astrology

.

Some hypotheses and conclusions arising from this theory of the Earth's rotation

So, the source of energy for the rotation of the Earth around its own axis is the Sun. It is known, according to , that the phenomena of precession, nutation and the movement of the Earth's poles do not affect the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation.

In 1754, the German philosopher I. Kant explained the changes in the acceleration of the motion of the Moon by the fact that the tidal humps formed by the Moon on Earth are dragged along with friction due to friction. solid Earth in the direction of the Earth's rotation (see picture). The attraction of these humps by the Moon together gives a couple of forces that slow down the rotation of the Earth. Further, the mathematical theory of "secular deceleration" of the Earth's rotation was developed by J. Darwin.

Before the appearance of this theory of the Earth's rotation, it was believed that no processes occurring on the Earth's surface, as well as the influence of external bodies, could not explain the changes in the Earth's rotation. Looking at the above figure, in addition to conclusions about the deceleration of the Earth's rotation, we can draw deeper conclusions. Note that the tidal bulge is ahead in the direction of the moon's rotation. And this is a sure sign that the Moon not only slows down the rotation of the Earth, but and the rotation of the earth keeps the moon moving around the earth. Thus, the energy of the Earth's rotation is "transferred" to the Moon. More general conclusions about the satellites of other planets follow from this. Satellites have a stable position only if the planet has tidal humps, i.e. hydrosphere or a significant atmosphere, and at the same time the satellites must rotate in the direction of the planet's rotation and in the same plane. The rotation of the satellites in opposite directions directly indicates an unsteady regime - a recent change in the direction of the planet's rotation or a recent collision of the satellites with each other.

According to the same law, interactions between the Sun and the planets proceed. But here, due to the many tidal humps, oscillatory effects with sidereal periods of the planets around the Sun should take place.

The main period is 11.86 years from Jupiter, as the most massive planet.

1. A New Look on the evolution of the planets

Thus, this theory explains the existing picture of the distribution of the angular momentum (momentum) of the Sun and planets and there is no need for the hypothesis of O.Yu. Schmidt on accidental capture by the Sun "protoplanetary cloud. VG Fesenkov's conclusions about the simultaneous formation of the Sun and planets receive one more confirmation.

Consequence

This theory of the Earth's rotation may be a hypothesis about the direction of evolution of the planets in the direction from Pluto to Venus. Thus, Venus is the future prototype of the Earth. The planet overheated, the oceans evaporated. This is confirmed by the above graphs of paleotemperatures and the intensity of volcanic activity, obtained by examining an ice sample at Bird Station in Antarctica.

From the point of view of this theory,if an alien civilization originated, it was not on Mars, but on Venus. And we should look not for the Martians, but for the descendants of the Venusians, which, perhaps, we are to some extent.

1. Ecology and climate

Thus, this theory refutes the idea of ​​a constant (zero) heat balance. In the balances known to me there is no energy of earthquakes, continental drift, tides, warming up of the Earth and the formation of rocks, maintaining the rotation of the Moon, biological life. (It turns out that biological life is one way to absorb energy). It is known that the atmosphere for the production of wind uses less than 1% of the energy to maintain the system of currents. At the same time, out of the total amount of heat carried by currents, 100 times more can potentially be used. So this 100 times greater value and also wind energy are used unevenly in time for earthquakes, typhoons and hurricanes, continental drift, tides, the heating of the Earth and the formation of rocks, maintaining the rotation of the Earth and the Moon, etc.

Environmental problems associated with even slight climate change due to changes in sea currents can significantly affect the Earth's biosphere. Any ill-considered (or deliberate in the interests of one nation) attempts to change the climate by turning the (Northern) rivers, laying canals (Kanin's nose), building dams across the straits, etc., due to the speed of implementation, in addition to direct benefits, will certainly lead to a change in the existing "seismic balance" in the earth's crust i.e. to the formation of new seismic zones.

In other words, you must first understand all the relationships, and then learn how to control the rotation of the Earth - this is one of the tasks further development civilization.

P.S.

A few words about influence solar flares on cardiovascular patients.

In the light of this theory, the effect of solar flares on cardiovascular patients is apparently not due to the occurrence of increased electromagnetic fields on the Earth's surface. Under power lines, the intensity of these fields is much higher and this does not have a noticeable effect on cardiovascular patients. The impact of solar flares on cardiovascular patients appears to be affected by exposure to periodic change in horizontal accelerations when the speed of the earth's rotation changes. All sorts of accidents, including those on pipelines, can be explained similarly.

1. Geological processes

As noted above (see thesis No. 5), a large amount of energy is released in the form of heat at the contact boundary (Mohorovichich boundary). And this border is one of the areas where the formation of rocks and minerals takes place. The nature of the reactions (chemical or atomic, apparently even both) is unknown, but on the basis of some facts, the following conclusions can already be drawn.

1. There is an ascending flow of elementary gases along the faults of the earth's crust: hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, etc.
2. The flow of hydrogen is decisive in the formation of many mineral deposits, including coal and oil.

Coalbed methane is a product of the interaction of a hydrogen flow with a coal seam! Common metamorphic process peat, brown coal, coal, anthracite without taking into account the flow of hydrogen is not complete enough. It is known that already at the stages of peat, brown coal, methane is absent. There are also data (Professor I. Sharovar) on the presence of anthracites in nature, in which there are not even molecular traces of methane. The result of the interaction of the hydrogen flow with the coal seam can explain not only the presence of methane itself in the seam and its constant formation, but also the whole variety of coal grades. Coking coals, flow and the presence of a large amount of methane in steeply dipping deposits (presence of a large number of faults) and the correlation of these factors confirm this assumption.

Oil, gas - a product of the interaction of the flow of hydrogen with organic residues (coal seam). This view is supported by mutual arrangement coal and oil fields. If we superimpose a map of the distribution of coal strata on a map of the distribution of oil, then the following picture is observed. These deposits do not intersect! There is no place where there would be oil on top of coal! In addition, it has been noted that oil lies, on average, much deeper than coal and is confined to faults in the earth's crust (where an upward flow of gases, including hydrogen, should be observed).

I would like to analyze a map of the distribution of radon and helium around the globe, unfortunately, I do not have such data. Helium, unlike hydrogen, is an inert gas, which is absorbed by rocks to a much lesser extent than other gases and can serve as a sign of a deep hydrogen flow.

1. All chemical elements, including radioactive ones are formed at the present time! The reason for this is the rotation of the Earth. These processes take place both at the lower boundary of the earth's crust and deeper layers of the earth.

The faster the Earth rotates, the faster these processes (including the formation of minerals and rocks) go faster. Therefore, the earth's crust of the continents is thicker than the earth's crust of the oceans! Since the areas of application of the forces that decelerate and spin the planet, from sea and air currents, are significantly more are on the continents than in the bed of the oceans.

Meteorites and radioactive elements

If we assume that meteorites are part of the solar system and the substance of meteorites was formed simultaneously with it, then by the composition of meteorites it is possible to check the correctness of this theory of the Earth's rotation around own axis.

Distinguish between iron and stone meteorites. Iron consist of iron, nickel, cobalt and do not contain heavy radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium. Stony meteorites are composed of various minerals and silicate rocks, in which the presence of various radioactive components of uranium, thorium, potassium and rubidium can be detected. There are also stony-iron meteorites, which occupy an intermediate position in composition between iron and stony meteorites. If we assume that meteorites are the remains of destroyed planets or their satellites, then stone meteorites correspond to the crust of these planets, and iron meteorites correspond to their core. Thus, the presence of radioactive elements in stony meteorites (in the crust) and their absence in iron meteorites (in the core) confirms the formation of radioactive elements not in the core, but at the contact between the core and the core (mantle). It should also be taken into account that iron meteorites on average, it is much older than stony ones by a value of the order of one billion years (since the crust is younger than the core). The assumption that elements such as uranium and thorium are inherited from the ancestral environment, and did not arise “simultaneously” with the rest of the elements, is incorrect, since there is radioactivity in younger stone meteorites, but not in older iron ones! Thus, physical mechanism formation of radioactive elements yet to be found! Perhaps it

something like a tunnel effect applied to atomic nuclei!

1. The influence of the rotation of the earth around its axis on the evolutionary development of the world

It is known that over the past 600 million years animal world of the globe has changed radically at least 14 times. At the same time, over the past 3 billion years, general cooling and great glaciations have been observed on Earth at least 15 times. Considering the scale of paleomagnetism (see Fig.), one can also notice at least 14 zones of variable polarity, i.e. areas of frequent polarity reversal. These zones of alternating polarity, according to this theory of the rotation of the Earth, correspond to periods of time when the Earth had an unsteady (oscillatory effect) direction of rotation around its own axis. That is, during these periods, the most unfavorable conditions for the animal world should be observed with a constant change daylight hours, temperatures, as well as from a geological point of view, a change in volcanic activity, seismic activity and mountain building.

It should be replaced that the formation of fundamentally new species of the animal world is confined to these periods. For example, at the end of the Triassic there is the longest period (5 million years), during which the first mammals were formed. The appearance of the first reptiles corresponds to the same period in the Carboniferous. The appearance of amphibians corresponds to the same period in Devon. The appearance of angiosperms corresponds to the same period in the Jura, and the appearance of the first birds immediately precedes the same period in the Jura. The appearance of conifers corresponds to the same period in the Carboniferous. The appearance of club mosses and horsetails corresponds to the same period in Devon. The appearance of insects corresponds to the same period in Devon.

Thus, the connection between the appearance of new species and periods with a variable unstable direction of the Earth's rotation is obvious. As for extinction certain types, then a change in the direction of the Earth's rotation apparently does not have the main decisive action, the main deciding factor in this case is natural selection!

References.

1. V.A. Volynsky. "Astronomy". Education. Moscow. 1971
2. P.G. Kulikovsky. "Amateur's Guide to Astronomy". Fizmatgiz. Moscow. 1961
3. S. Alekseev. "How Mountains Grow" Chemistry and life of the XXI century №4. 1998 Marine encyclopedic Dictionary. Shipbuilding. St. Petersburg. 1993
4. Kukal "Great Mysteries of the Earth". Progress. Moscow. 1988
5. I.P. Selinov "Isotopes Volume III". The science. Moscow. 1970 "Rotation of the Earth" TSB volume 9. Moscow.
6. D. Tolmazin. "Ocean in motion" Gidrometeoizdat. 1976
7. A. N. Oleinikov “Geological clock“. Bosom. Moscow. 1987
8. G.S.Grinberg, D.A.Dolin and others. “The Arctic on the threshold of the third millennium“. The science. Saint Petersburg 2000

The earth is always in motion. Although it seems that we are standing motionless on the surface of the planet, it is constantly rotating around its axis and the Sun. This movement is not felt by us, as it resembles flying in an airplane. We are moving at the same speed as the plane, so we don't feel like we are moving at all.

At what speed does the earth rotate on its axis?

The earth rotates once on its axis every 24 hours. (to be precise, in 23 hours 56 minutes 4.09 seconds or 23.93 hours). Since the circumference of the Earth is 40075 km, any object at the equator rotates at a speed of approximately 1674 km per hour or approximately 465 meters (0.465 km) per second (40075 km divided by 23.93 hours and we get 1674 km per hour).

At (90 degrees north latitude) and (90 degrees south latitude), the speed is effectively zero because the pole points rotate at a very slow speed.

To determine speed at any other latitude, simply multiply the cosine of latitude by the planet's rotational speed at the equator (1674 km per hour). The cosine of 45 degrees is 0.7071, so multiply 0.7071 by 1674 km per hour and get 1183.7 km per hour.

The cosine of the required latitude is easy to determine using a calculator or look in the cosine table.

Earth rotation speed for other latitudes:

• 10 degrees: 0.9848×1674=1648.6 km per hour;
• 20 degrees: 0.9397×1674=1573.1 km per hour;
• 30 degrees: 0.866×1674=1449.7 km/h;
• 40 degrees: 0.766×1674=1282.3 km per hour;
• 50 degrees: 0.6428×1674=1076.0 km per hour;
• 60 degrees: 0.5×1674=837.0 km/h;
• 70 degrees: 0.342×1674=572.5 km per hour;
• 80 degrees: 0.1736×1674=290.6 km per hour.

Cyclic braking

Everything is cyclical, even the speed of rotation of our planet, which geophysicists can measure to within milliseconds. The Earth's rotation typically has five-year cycles of deceleration and acceleration, and Last year the slowdown cycle is often intertwined with the surge in earthquakes around the world.

Since 2018 is the last year in a slowdown cycle, scientists expect an increase in seismic activity this year. Correlation is not causation, but geologists are always looking for tools to try and predict when the next big earthquake is going to happen.

Oscillation of the earth's axis

The earth wobbles slightly as it rotates as its axis drifts at the poles. It has been observed that the drift of the earth's axis has accelerated since 2000, moving at a rate of 17 cm per year to the east. Scientists have found that the axis is still moving east instead of moving back and forth due to the combined effect of the melting of Greenland and, as well as the loss of water in Eurasia.

Axis drift is expected to be particularly sensitive to changes occurring at 45 degrees north and south latitude. This discovery led to the fact that scientists were finally able to answer the long-standing question of why the axis drifts at all. The wobble to the East or West was caused by dry or wet years in Eurasia.

How fast is the earth moving around the sun?

In addition to the speed of the Earth's rotation on its axis, our planet also revolves around the Sun at a speed of about 108,000 km per hour (or about 30 km per second), and completes its orbit around the Sun in 365,256 days.

It wasn't until the 16th century that people realized that the Sun is the center of our solar system, and that the Earth moves around it rather than being the stationary center of the universe.

The fifth largest planet in the solar system - the Earth, formed 4.54 billion years ago from protoplanetary dust and gas, has the shape of a not quite regular ball and rotates not only around the Sun in an orbit in the form of a weakly expressed ellipse with average speed equal to approximately 108 thousand km / h, but also around its own axis. The rotation occurs when viewed from the North Pole, in the direction from west to east, or in other words counterclockwise. Precisely because the Earth revolves around the Sun and at the same time around its own axis, absolutely in all parts of this planet there is a periodic change of day and night, as well as a successive change of the four seasons.

The average distance from the Sun to the Earth is approximately 150 million km, and the difference between the smallest and largest distance is approximately 4.8 million km, while earth orbit changes its eccentricity very slightly, and the cycle is 94 thousand years. An important factor, affecting the Earth's climate, is the distance between it and the Sun. There are suggestions that glacial period on Earth came precisely at the time when it was at the maximum possible distance from the Sun.

Extra day on the calendar

The Earth makes one revolution around its own axis in about 23 hours and 56 minutes, and one revolution around the Sun takes 365 days and 6 hours. This period difference gradually accumulates and once every 4 years an extra day appears in our calendar (February 29), and such a year is called a leap year. Also, this process is influenced to a certain extent by the close proximity The moon, under the influence of the gravitational field of which the rotation of the Earth gradually slows down, and this, in turn, lengthens the day by about one thousandth every 100 years.

Significant climate change is coming

The change of seasons occurs due to the inclination of the Earth's axis of rotation to the orbit of the Sun. This angle is now 66° 33'. The attraction of other satellites and planets does not change the angle of inclination of the earth's axis, but makes the earth move in a circular cone - this process is called precession. AT this moment the position of the Earth's axis is such that the North Pole is opposite polar star. Over the next 12 thousand years, the earth's axis will shift due to the effects of precession, and will be opposite the star Vega, which is only half the way (a full cycle of precession is 25800 years), and will cause very significant climate change all over the surface of the earth.

Fluctuations Causing Earth's Climate Change

Twice a month at the moment of passing over the equator and twice a year when the Sun is in the same position, the attraction of the precession decreases and becomes equal to zero, after which it increases again, i.e., the rate of precession is oscillatory. These fluctuations are called nutation, they reach their maximum value on average once every 18.6 years and, in terms of their influence on climate, take second place after the change of seasons.

Briefly in the rotation of the Earth around the Sun.

The earth is constantly in motion, revolving around the sun and around its own axis. This movement and the constant tilt of the Earth's axis (23.5°) determines many of the effects that we observe as normal phenomena: night and day (due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis), the change of seasons (due to the tilt of the Earth's axis), and different climate in various fields. Globes can be rotated and their axis has an inclination like the Earth's axis (23.5 °), so with the help of a globe you can trace the movement of the Earth around its axis quite accurately, and with the help of the "Earth - Sun" system you can trace the movement of the Earth around the Sun.

Rotation of the Earth around its axis

The earth rotates on its own axis from west to east (counterclockwise as viewed from the North Pole). It takes Earth 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.09 seconds to complete one full turn around its own axis. Day and night are due to the rotation of the earth. Angular velocity rotation of the Earth around its axis, or the angle by which any point on the surface of the Earth rotates is the same. It is 15 degrees in one hour. And here line speed rotation anywhere on the equator is approximately 1,669 kilometers per hour (464 m/s), decreasing to zero at the poles. For example, the rotation speed at a latitude of 30° is 1445 km/h (400 m/s).
We do not notice the rotation of the Earth for the simple reason that all the objects around us are moving in parallel and simultaneously with us at the same speed and there are no "relative" movements of objects around us. If, for example, a ship moves evenly, without acceleration and deceleration across the sea in calm weather, without waves on the surface of the water, we will not feel at all how such a ship moves if we are in a cabin without a porthole, since all objects inside the cabin will be move in parallel with us and the ship.

Movement of the Earth around the Sun

While the Earth rotates on its own axis, it also rotates around the Sun from west to east counterclockwise, when viewed from north pole. It takes the Earth one sidereal year (about 365.2564 days) to complete one complete revolution around the Sun. The path of the Earth around the Sun is called the Earth's orbit. and this orbit is not perfectly round. The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is about 150 million kilometers, and this distance varies up to 5 million kilometers, forming a small oval orbit (ellipse). The point in the Earth's orbit closest to the Sun is called Perihelion. Earth passes this point in early January. The point in the Earth's orbit that is farthest from the Sun is called Aphelion. Earth passes this point in early July.
Since our Earth moves around the Sun in an elliptical trajectory, the orbital speed changes. In July, the speed is minimal (29.27 km/s) and after passing aphelion (upper red dot in the animation) it starts to accelerate, and in January the speed is maximum (30.27 km/s) and starts to slow down after passing perihelion (lower red dot). ).
While the Earth makes one revolution around the Sun, it covers a distance equal to 942 million kilometers in 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes and 9.5 seconds, that is, we rush along with the Earth around the Sun at an average speed of 30 km per second (or 107 460 km per hour), and at the same time the Earth rotates around its own axis in 24 hours once (365 times in a year).
In fact, if we consider the motion of the Earth more scrupulously, then it is much more complicated, since the Earth is influenced by various factors: the rotation of the moon around the earth, the attraction of other planets and stars.