One hundred great treasures. Cap of Monomakh

One hundred great treasures
Cap of Monomakh

Monomakh's cap is the main regalia of Russian grand dukes and tsars. Symbol-crown of autocracy in Russia. It is a golden filigree pointed headdress, presumably of oriental work. late XIII — early XIV centuries with a sable edge, adorned with precious stones: pearls, rubies, emeralds and a cross.
The Cap of Monomakh is one of the most ancient regalia kept in the Armory Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. Starting with Ivan Kalita, all the spiritual letters of the Moscow princes mention the “golden hat”. It is possible that for the first time in 1572, in the will of Ivan the Terrible, it was called the “cap of Monomakh”.

Almost three centuries of the reign of the Romanov dynasty raised Russia to a very high level of glory. The treasures of the state were constantly multiplied by each king, and the royal court surprised the envoys of all foreign states splendor and wealth. So, for example, Lord Carlyle, English ambassador, describing the court of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich; reported: “The same thing happened to us that happens to those who suddenly come out of darkness into the light and are suddenly struck by the rays of the bright sun. Our eyes were hardly able to endure the brilliance of the court of the Russian Tsar, covered with precious stones and in the middle of it seemed like a clear sun.

The world-famous ancient royal crown - Monomakh's hat. All Russian tsars were crowned with her in the 16th-17th centuries. A long time ago there was a legend about it that in the 12th century the Byzantine emperor Constantine sent it and other regalia on a golden platter to the Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir Monomakh, from whom, after many generations, this crown passed to the Moscow tsars. The legend tells that Neophyte, Metropolitan of Ephesus, also gave Vladimir Monomakh mantles, or barmas - precious medallions that were sewn on a round collar, a life-giving cross, a chain of Arabian gold and a cup of Pope Augustus.

Cap of Monomakh. F. G. Solntsev
Drawing from the early 1830s

True, later historians, comparing their years of life and reign, resolutely refuted this legend. Emperor Constantine [died in 1054, and Vladimir Monomakh became Grand Duke in 1113, 59 years after the death of the Byzantine ruler. The opinions of scientists about the origin of the royal crown are different. [Some historians believe that it was made in Byzantium, others attribute it to Eastern (Arabic or Arab-Egyptian) art, others claim that this is a work of Bukhara work. The origin of the royal crown, as well as the history of its appearance in the royal treasury, has not yet been clarified and is still waiting for new research.

The ancient chronicles do not mention the cap: even if it was sent by the Byzantine emperor, it would have been a sign of submission to the person to whom the gift was intended. And they had never heard of Monomakh's hat before early XVI centuries ... But in all the spiritual letters "of the Moscow tsars, starting with Ivan Kalita, a certain golden hat was mentioned, but somehow detailed description it is not given.

Grandson of Ivan III, Dmitry

It has now been documented that for the first time in 1498 the grandson of Ivan III, Dmitry, was crowned with the Monomakh's hat. Tsar Ivan III was big statesman, therefore, in such a difficult time for the country, he decided to emphasize the creation of a solid centralized government and the increased power of the country with a special solemn ceremony - the crowning of the throne.

For this ceremony on February 4, 1498, the Monomakh crown was used. On this day, Ivan III, accompanied by the boyars, led his 15-year-old grandson to the Church of the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos, where they were met by the Russian clergy. To give greater solemnity to the wedding of his grandson, Ivan III invited some hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church: Metropolitan Simon, Archbishop of Rostov, as well as the bishops of Suzdal, Ryazan, Terek, Kolomna and Sarsky.

Crowning the kingdom

Two archbishops presented the metropolitan with grand ducal regalia - barmas and a crown, and the metropolitan handed them over to the grand duke, who placed the cap of Monomakh on Dmitry's head. After 50 years, she was married to the kingdom young Ivan IV, which finally approved the royal title for the Russian sovereigns.

Monomakh's hat is similar in shape to a skuf, only it has a sharper top. Its golden surface is covered with a filigree lace pattern of Greek work, in which graceful spiral curls, star-shaped rosettes and lotus flowers of six petals were driven into a single whole.

Oleg Korolev. Monomakh's hat

The “apple” is cut along the lower belt, and minted in the middle parts. A smooth golden cross is installed on it, and four pearl grains are inserted at the ends and at its foot: the upper one is oblong, the side ones are round, the lower one is somewhat squeezed and larger than the others.
On each of the eight boards in nests, three of which are decorated with enamel, there is a large stone in the middle: four rubies and four emeralds.
Initially, Monomakh's cap was decorated with pearl and gold pendants, later it was trimmed with dark sable fur and crowned with a gold engraved pommel with a cross. The height of the cap with the cross is about 25 centimeters, and its diameter is about 20 centimeters.

Symbols on the Cap of Monomakh

Veles Star. Cap of Monomakh (13th century, Russia).
The symbol of the wedding of Russian tsars to power.
Hat symbolism: "Star of Veles"
means power over Heaven ("Cross Dya"),
above the Earth ("Bee-Makosh"), above the Waters ("Mara").

VELES STAR is a Slavic religious symbol of the god Veles.
Despite the fact that Veles is originally slavic god, and Veles symbol
- a primordially Slavic symbol, this symbol, as, indeed, everything
Slavic religious dogmas and other symbols, seized and
modern Kabbalistic occultism, and Judeo-Christian teaching
generally. Historically, this symbol does not belong to the Jewish religion,
Jews simply borrowed the Star of Veles."
(Tyunyaev Andrey Alexandrovich, President of the Academy fundamental sciences, Head of the Historical Symbols Sector of the Institute of Ancient Slavic and Ancient Eurasian Civilization of the AFS and RANS, full member Russian Academy natural sciences) .

What is the Monomakh's hat, and what secrets are kept behind it? Why is she throughout history Russian Empire had such a sacred meaning for the Russian tsars and emperors?

In a short message about the Monomakh's cap, we will try to briefly answer all these questions. Although history keeps its own secret about this.

Surely you have heard the phrase: "You are heavy Monomakh's hat." So it is directly related to what we are going to tell you now.

Briefly about Monomakh's hat

So, Monomakh's hat is the main regalia or symbol of Russian tsars. What does she represent? If we talk about it briefly, then it, in fact, is an ordinary headdress with a pointed top.

Of course, it can be called “ordinary” very conditionally, as it is decorated with all kinds of precious stones, pearls, rubies and emeralds. At the very top is a cross, as a sign of divine election.

It's no secret that in Russia, since the time of Vladimir the Baptist, all rulers have been called God's anointed ones. Actually for this reason, the cross is depicted on the Monomakh's cap.

Cap of Monomakh History

The history of the origin of the Monomakh's cap does not have an unambiguous interpretation. There are several opinions of historians about how this regalia arose under the Russian grand dukes. We will consider only two main options, since the rest do not hold water at all.

Version one

Based on various sources, the first version indicates that the royal affiliation in question is a gift from Uzbek Khan to Grand Duke Yuri Danilovich or Ivan Kalita (two brothers).

Allegedly, as a Moscow-Horde union, it was presented to one of the above-named princes.

Version two (official)

This version is considered official and is fundamentally different from the previous one. It occurs literally immediately after Muscovy completely reoriented from the Golden Horde to Byzantium.

The history of the origin of the Monomakh's cap is as follows. Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX Monomakh presents a headdress as a gift to Prince Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh of Kyiv.

Grand Duke Vladimir II Vsevolodovich Monomakh
An interesting fact is that Vladimir Monomakh himself, on his mother's side, was the grandson of the emperor of Byzantium, that is, Constantine.

Why did he give such a gift? The fact is that it was a symbol of the succession of the power of the Russian rulers from the emperors of the great Byzantium.

Despite the beauty of this version and its official status, it has an extremely doubtful historical authenticity. Indeed, at the time of the death of Constantine (1055), Vladimir was only 2 years old.

Message about Monomakh's hat

For the first time, the Monomakh's hat is mentioned in the Chronicle, which tells about the appointment of Dmitry (grandson of Ivan III) to the great reign in 1518. According to legend, the Byzantine emperors sent an entire expedition to Babylon. It was then that the Cap of Monomakh was discovered among other treasures left over from the ancient king Nebuchadnezzar.

An interesting fact is that the grand dukes put on a precious headdress only on the day when the solemn ascension to the throne took place.

After the holiday and the observance of all the charters, the relic was hidden in a certain place, where it was kept with all the other treasures of the ruler. The king later used a special "daily" crown.

The last time Monomakh's hat was used during the ascension to the throne of Ivan V. This happened in 1682. Then a very remarkable story took place, and to bypass this interesting fact we can not.

The fact is that Ivan V, the son of Tsar Alexei, was the legitimate heir, but at the same time he had extremely poor health. According to some reports, he had an underdeveloped psyche, and, of course, he could not rule the country.

It was for this reason that, together with the fifteen-year-old Ivan V, his younger brother- ten-year-old Peter I, who will later go down in history as one of greatest emperors Russia.

But what to do in this case, because there is only one Monomakh's hat, and two people need to be crowned king? Despite the unusual situation, the court nobility was not at a loss and ordered to make a “cap of the second outfit”. She completely repeated the shape and decorations of a real regalia, although, of course, she was much less artistic.

To date, the Monomakh's hat is stored in the Armory of Russia, along with its copy, made for Peter I. I must say that the official price of this unique historical heritage not given. Therefore, we can confidently say that it is priceless.

You are heavy Monomakh's hat

And now let's return to the phrase that we mentioned at the beginning of the article: "You are heavy Monomakh's hat." If you provide data on how much this royal headdress weighs, then you will think that you understand the essence of this saying. After all, the total weight of the relic is as much as 993.66 grams, that is, almost a kilogram.

In fact, the meaning of this phraseological unit is usually used in figuratively. The severity of the Monomakh's cap means that a person invested with power bears a heavy burden of responsibility for those who are subordinate to him.

In a narrower sense, this phrase can be applied to any boss. When people see how a person’s character changes for the worse after he has been promoted to a position, then they utter a phraseological unit with a sigh: “Oh, you are heavy Monomakh’s hat.” We have told you the meaning of the phrase.

In his wills, Prince Ivan Danilovich - Ivan Kalita (grandson of the famous Alexander Nevsky) listed in detail all sorts of little things: fabrics, clothes, everything to the last stone. In history, he is known not only as a zealous owner, but, most importantly, as a far-sighted and smart politician. He always acted deliberately and prudently, collecting Russian lands around Moscow so that Russia would grow stronger, and not be divided into small principalities. Many times he had to travel to Golden Horde. And every time the prince wondered if he would come back? That is why he often had to draw up wills, or as they then called the “spiritual letter”, where all his savings and treasures were copied. Here is one of the lists left by the Grand Duke:

Golden chains - 12
Valuable belts - 9
Golden bowls - 6
Golden Enchantment - 2
Golden dish with pearls and stones - 1
Golden Vessels - 4
Golden box - 1
Golden hat - 1

It was these testaments that were the first mention of the cap - the "golden cap", as historians suggest, which was subsequently passed from one Grand Duke to the next, from one Tsar of All Russia to another.
Modern researchers proved that the hat oriental origin, and besides this, she underwent changes during her long life.

But why is it called so - Monomakh's hat?
Around 1518, a version of its origin is formulated: the Monomakh's hat is a gift Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomakh to his grandson, Prince of Kyiv Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh. What was this legend for? In 1453, Byzantium fell, it fell, which existed for eleven centuries, once brilliant, and now rotten Byzantine Empire. Did the second Rome fall after the first? Where is the third one? The Third Rome is Moscow! Grand Duke Ivan III proclaimed himself for the first time the Grand Duke of All Russia, or the Sovereign of All Russia. He became the first autocratic ruler powerful nation. And the cap of Monomakh became, as it were, a symbol of the continuity of power from the Byzantine emperors.

Monomakh's hat is a women's hat.
And let's go back to ancient Russia? Monomakh's hat could not belong to Vladimir Monomakh, since Konstantin Monomakh died when Vladimir could not even ride a horse - he was no more than two years old. And that he will become a Grand Duke Kievan Rus and there was not even a word. The researchers proved that the beginning of the origin of the cap is the XIII - XIV century. There are many versions of who this hat belonged to. One of the most likely versions, as historians suggest, is that this hat could be a gift from Khan Uzbek to Prince Yuri Danilovich or his brother Ivan Kalita. The hat could appear along with the appearance in Russia of the sister of Khan Uzbek, who became the wife of Prince Yuri Danilovich of Moscow. Moreover, some researchers are inclined to believe that the Monomakh's hat was originally a women's hat. This is confirmed by archaeological finds and treasures in which women's headdresses are very similar in their decor to the Monomakh's cap. In addition, the ornamental decorations of the cap are inherent in the art of the Golden Horde.

Monomakh's cap is decorated with rubies, emeralds and pearls, the fastening of which is similar to the fastening of finds from the Simferopol treasure. Feathers of an owl or peacock were inserted into the pommel of women's caps of Turkic origin, and a cross was inserted into the Monomakh's cap. Monomakh's hat is decorated according to a certain principle: eight plates - four of them with a lotus motif. Lotus motif has great importance because it also has a symbolic function. This motif is typical for the Crimea and the Volga Bulgars of the Golden Horde period.

In the descriptions of Eastern and European travelers, as well as ambassadors who visited the Golden Horde, it is reported that noble Tatar women had a headdress in the form of a helmet, which was decorated with gems, at the top there was a golden circle decorated with peacock feathers, which corresponds to the headdresses of the Turkic peoples that were part of the Golden Horde.
Monomakh's hat originally had a slightly different look: there was no fur trim, but there were so-called golden chains - pendants that match the women's headdress. Ambassador of the German Emperor Maximilian I to the Grand Duke Vasily III Baron Sigismund Herberstein describes Monomakh's hat, elegantly decorated with pearls and gold plaques that swayed, wriggling like snakes (we are most likely talking about pendants). But such an important part of the hat as the cross is not even mentioned, and the edge of sable fur is not mentioned either, which indicates that they did not exist before. Both the cross and the edge appeared somewhat later.

The beauty of the hat is due not only to abundance precious stones, its surface is covered with filigree lace, it is decorated with enamel.
Careful studies of filigree make it possible to call the cap a monument of the Golden Horde art, especially since scientists and art connoisseurs confirm that the technology of lace filigree is the school of masters of the Golden Horde filigree of the Crimea and the Volga region of the early 14th century. However, people like her were already known in the Volga region in the pre-Mongolian period, in X - XII centuries. This is confirmed by archaeological finds of that period.
The symbol of the autocracy of Russia - the Monomakh's hat was used only for weddings to the kingdom. For the first time in 1498, the grandson of Ivan III, Dmitry, was married to the kingdom with the cap of Monomakh, who, as is known in history, was not destined to become the sovereign of all Russia. It was Vasily III, the son of Ivan III and Sophia Paleolog, the niece of the last Byzantine emperor ... Be that as it may, it was the time when Russia completely got rid of Tatar-Mongol yoke and turned into a powerful great state.
A few decades later, young Ivan IV, the future Ivan the Terrible, married her to the kingdom.
Monomakh's cap becomes a symbol of the centralized power of Russia, a symbol of the highest state power.
Most likely, further research will help confirm the origin of the Monomakh's cap...

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Since ancient times, all Russian autocrats have been married to the kingdom, putting on their heads the Cap of Monomakh. She was a symbol royal power. What ancient tradition associated with this Hat and why was it a sign of royal power?

The historical appearance of the Cap of Monomakh in Russia has not yet been fully elucidated. There are many legends and hypotheses about the origin of this Cap. Basically, they associate it with the name of the Russian prince Vladimir Monomakh and believe that it belonged to him from the very beginning. Others argue that the Hat belonged to the Byzantine Emperor Constantine, but it came to Russia thanks to Prince Vladimir Monomakh: allegedly, remembering how his famous ancestors fought with the Greeks and won big wins, Prince Vladimir Monomakh also decided to fight with Tsargrad and sent a large army there. The Greeks, not wanting to fight with the Russians, and in order to appease the Russian prince, sent him rich gifts with the metropolitan: a cross made of life-giving wood, a golden chain, a cornelian cup from which the Roman Caesar Augustus drank, and a royal crown, i.e. Hat of Emperor Konstantin Monomakh, who had died by that time, the grandfather of Prince Vladimir. According to another version, the Byzantine emperors, before transferring the Cap of Monomakh and other regalia to Russia, themselves sent an expedition to Babylon for it, where they found it among other treasures left by King Nebuchadnezzar near the tomb of the Three Youths. In this way, main idea is that the Hat went to the Kyiv prince Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh, the son of the Greek princess Mary, the grandson of the Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomakh, by right of succession. What was this legend for? Byzantium fell in 1453. The once brilliant, now rotten Byzantine Empire, which existed for eleven centuries, fell. Did the second Rome fall after the first? Where is the third one? The Third Rome is Moscow! Grand Duke Ivan III proclaimed himself for the first time the Grand Duke of All Russia, or the Sovereign of All Russia. He became the first autocratic ruler of a powerful state. And Monomakh's hat became, as it were, a symbol of the succession of the power of the Russian princes from the Byzantine emperors. This legend substantiated the concept of "Moscow - the Third Rome", but is considered unlikely, if only because when Constantine IX Monomakh died, Vladimir was only 2 years old and the likelihood that he would rule Kyiv was negligible. In addition, in the ancient chronicles, not a word is mentioned about the Monomakh's cap, as if they had not heard of it in Russia until the 15th century.

Historians have established that the legend of the Cap of Monomakh was created in the second half of the 15th century, when, after the fall of Byzantium, Moscow began to claim the role of a new center of Orthodoxy. It was then that it was stated that the hat, made of eight gold plates, decorated with Greek-style filigree, pearls, rubies, emeralds and tourmalines, was received by kinship from the Byzantine emperor, Prince Vladimir, and later from Kyiv princes she passed to the princes of Vladimir, and then to Moscow. However, there is no written evidence to support these claims.

First written sources on this topic, it is customary to consider the “spiritual letters” of Ivan Kalita, where a certain golden hat was mentioned. In his wills, Prince Ivan Danilovich - Ivan Kalita, the grandson of the illustrious Prince Alexander Nevsky, listed in detail all sorts of little things: fabrics, clothes, everything to the last stone. It is not for nothing that he is known in history as a zealous owner. Many times he had to travel to the Golden Horde. And every time the prince wondered if he would come back? Perhaps that is why he often had to draw up wills, or as they then called the “spiritual letter”, where all his savings and treasures were copied. Here is one of the lists left by the Grand Duke:

Golden chains - 12

Valuable belts - 9

Golden bowls - 6

Golden Enchantment - 2

Golden dish with pearls and stones - 1

Golden Vessels - 4

Golden box - 1

Golden hat - 1

It is this “golden hat”, as historians suggest, that is the Cap of Monomakh, which was subsequently passed from one Grand Duke to the next, from one Tsar of All Russia to another. It has now been documented that for the first time in 1498 the grandson of Ivan III, Dmitry, was crowned with the Monomakh's hat. Tsar Ivan III was a major statesman, therefore, in such a difficult time for the country, he decided to emphasize the creation of a solid centralized authority and the increased power of the country with a special solemn ceremony - the crowning of the throne. For this ceremony on February 4, 1498, the Monomakh crown was used. On this day, Ivan III, accompanied by the boyars, led his 15-year-old grandson to the Church of the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos, where they were met by the Russian clergy. To give greater solemnity to the wedding of his grandson, Ivan III invited some hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church: Metropolitan Simon, Archbishop of Rostov, as well as the bishops of Suzdal, Ryazan, Terek, Kolomna and Sarsky.

So, the Hat really was and is. She crowned the great princes and kings of the Russian land. However, where did it actually come from, because scientists completely dismiss the version of its origin from Byzantium?

The hint lies in the header itself. Modern researchers have proven that the cap is of eastern origin, and besides this, it has undergone changes during its long life. It is proved that the beginning of the origin of the cap is the XIII - XIV century. There are many versions of who this hat belonged to. One of the most likely versions, as historians suggest, is that this hat could be a gift from Khan Uzbek to Prince Yuri Danilovich or his brother Ivan Kalita. The hat could appear along with the appearance in Russia of the sister of Khan Uzbek, who became the wife of Prince Yuri Danilovich of Moscow. Moreover, some researchers are inclined to believe that the Monomakh's hat was originally a women's hat. This is confirmed by archaeological finds and treasures, in which women's headdresses are very close in their decor to the Monomakh's hat. In addition, the ornamental decorations of the cap are inherent in the art of the Golden Horde. Monomakh's cap is decorated with rubies, emeralds and pearls, the fastening of which is similar to the fastening of finds from the Simferopol treasure. Feathers of an owl or peacock were inserted into the pommel of women's caps of Turkic origin, and a cross was inserted into the Monomakh's cap. Monomakh's hat is decorated according to a certain principle: eight plates - four of them with a lotus motif. The lotus motif is of great importance, as it also has a symbolic function. This motif is typical for the Crimea and the Volga Bulgars of the Golden Horde period. In the descriptions of Eastern and European travelers, as well as ambassadors who visited the Golden Horde, it is reported that noble Turkic women had a headdress in the form of a helmet, which was decorated with gems, at the top there was a golden circle decorated with peacock feathers, which corresponds to the headdresses of the Turkic peoples , which were part of the Golden Horde. Initially, the Cap of Monomakh had a slightly different look: there was no fur trim, but there were so-called golden chains - pendants that correspond to a female headdress. The ambassador of the German Emperor Maximilian I to Grand Duke Vasily III, Baron Sigismund Herberstein, describes Monomakh's hat, smartly decorated with pearls and gold plaques that swayed, wriggling snakes (we are most likely talking about pendants). But such an important part of the hat as the cross is not even mentioned, and the edge of sable fur is not mentioned either, which indicates that they did not exist before. Both the cross and the edge appeared somewhat later.

The beauty of the cap is due not only to the abundance of precious stones, its surface is covered with filigree lace, it is decorated with enamel. Careful studies of filigree make it possible to call the cap a monument of the Golden Horde art, especially since scientists and art connoisseurs confirm that the technology of lace filigree is the school of masters of the Golden Horde filigree of the Crimea and the Volga region of the early 14th century. However, people like her were already known in the Volga region in the pre-Mongolian period, in the 10th-12th centuries. This is confirmed by archaeological finds of women's jewelry of that period.

Thus, we can state the fact that the Cap of Monomakh is an example of the synthesis of elements of the Saltovskaya (Bulgaro-Alanian) and Golden Horde culture on the vast expanse of the territory of the Golden Horde, and appeared among the Russian princes, most likely as a result of the consolidation marriage union with a representative of some very noble Turkic family. There are at least two lines of kinship between the great Russian princes and the Golden Horde khans. In the 1260-70s, Prince Fedor, nicknamed Black, the son of Rostislav Mstislavovich - the grandson of Vladimir Monomakh, was in the Horde and married, after the death of his wife, the Yaroslavl princess, to the khan's daughter, had two sons from her - David and Konstantin. The son of David Fedorovich - Prince Vasily of Yaroslavl was married to the daughter of Ivan Kalita. Thus, the genealogical connection with Vladimir Monomakh existed through the son-in-law, who was the grandson of the great-grandson of the latter. The version about the origin of the hat could have arisen along this line if, having inherited Vasily from his mother, through his wife, it came to Kalita. However, Ivan Kalita's relationship with his son-in-law was hostile; the latter acted in concert with Prince of Tver, helping him in the Horde, for which the Grand Duke of Moscow devastated the Tver lands and, in addition, the son-in-law survived his father-in-law. A more reliable version is that the hat was inherited by Ivan Kalita after his death. sibling- Moscow Prince Yuri Danilovich. It belonged to Konchaka, the sister of Khan Uzbek. Konchaka, baptized Agafia, was married to Yuri of Moscow. He lived in the Horde, "knew how to get close to the Khan's family and married his sister, Konchak ... The Khan's son-in-law returned to Russia with strong ambassadors Tatar ... ". Konchaka died in Tver in 1317, having been captured by the Tver prince Mikhail, where, according to rumors, she was poisoned. Yuri Danilovich was killed later, in 1325, by the Tver prince Dmitry Mikhailovich, who, in order to justify himself , informed Khan Uzbek that Yuri was collecting tribute and kept it for himself. The heir of Yuri Danilovich, since he had no children, could only be his brother - Ivan Danilovich - Kalita. Thus, the assumption, first expressed by G. Vernadsky, that that the hat belonged to Khan Uzbek has quite good reasons.Unfortunately, the hat itself was not taken into account, which originally had a slightly different appearance (there was no fur trim, etc.) and was clearly feminine in shape and character of the decor , as evidenced by archaeological and ethnographic materials of a number of Turkic peoples that were part of the Golden Horde. Further research will help to finally dispel the myth about the so-called Monomakh's hat, which is the creation of the hands of Turkic masters and the heritage of the culture of the once great state - the Golden Horde.

Finally, I would like to say that the Cap of Monomakh is a rarity. She is one of those very expensive things, the price of which is difficult to name. The most famous collectors and world museums fight for them at auctions, and when they receive them for their use, they keep them like the apple of their eye. But, as they say in the famous film, the Hat is “a non-purchasable thing, a considerable price”, which cannot be estimated. It is not put up for auction, not sold in stores. It is pointless to even estimate the jewelry price of this item, because its historical value is much higher. So it is almost impossible to find out the real price of the Cap of Monomakh. However, you can name the price of a copy created in 2002 for the 50th anniversary of Vladimir Putin. An exact copy of the Cap of Monomakh was created by a group of private Russian jewelers in a few months. After the employees National Institute coat of arms and flag, considered the fact of transferring the symbol of monarchical power to the president of a democratic state incorrect, Anatoly Klimin announced the sale of a copy of the Cap of Monomakh and the transfer of money to children's funds. A copy of the Hat is valued at approximately $50,000. Just like the original, it is trimmed with sable fur, decorated with emeralds, rubies and pearls, but some of the stones are not real. At the same time, despite the cost of the jewelry work itself and the precious metals and stones used for the copy, its main price still depends on the historical value of the Cap of Monomakh itself.

The original of the Hat, as well as other symbols of autocracy in Russia, is kept in the Armory of the Moscow Kremlin.