Which planet is 7. Brief information about the planets of the solar system

Quick answer: 8 planets.

The solar system is a planetary system that includes the central star, which is the Sun, as well as all other natural space objects which in turn revolve around the sun.

Interestingly, most of the entire mass of the solar system falls on itself, while the rest falls on 8 planets. Yes, yes, there are 8 planets in the solar system, not 9, as some people believe. Why do they think so? One of the reasons is that they mistake the Sun for another planet, but in fact it is the only star that is part of the solar system. But in fact, everything is simpler - Pluto used to be considered a planet, but now it is considered dwarf planet.

Let's start the review of the planets, starting with the closest to the Sun.

Mercury

This planet was named after the ancient Roman god of trade - the swift-footed Mercury. The fact is that it moves much faster than other planets.

Mercury completely revolves around the Sun in 88 Earth days, while the duration of one sidereal day on Mercury is 58.65 Earth days.

Relatively little is known about the planet, and one of the reasons is that Mercury is too close to the Sun.

Venus

Venus is the second so-called inner planet solar system, which was named after the goddess of love, Venus. It is worth noting that this is the only planet that got its name in honor of a female deity, and not a male one.

Venus is very similar to Earth, not only in size, but also in composition and even gravity.

It is believed that once on Venus there were many oceans, similar topics what we have. However, some time ago, the planet warmed up so much that all the water evaporated, leaving behind only rocks. Water vapor was carried into outer space.

Earth

The third planet is Earth. It is the largest planet among the terrestrial planets.

It was formed about 4.5 billion years ago, after which it was almost immediately joined by its only satellite, which is the Moon. It is believed that life on Earth appeared about 3.9 billion years ago, and over time, its biosphere began to change in better side, which made it possible to form ozone layer, increase the growth of aerobic organisms, etc. All this, among other things, allows us to exist even now.

Mars

Mars closes the four terrestrial planets. The planet is named after the ancient Roman god of war Mars. This planet is also called red because its surface has a reddish tint due to iron oxide.

Mars has a surface pressure 160 times less than Earth's. On the surface are craters similar to those that can be observed on the moon. There are also volcanoes, deserts, valleys and even ice caps.

Mars has two moons: Deimos and Phobos.

Jupiter

It is the fifth planet from the Sun and the first among the giant planets. By the way, the largest in the solar system, which got its name in honor of the ancient Roman supreme god of thunder.

Jupiter has been known for a long time, which is reflected in ancient myths and legends. Has a very a large number of satellites - 67, to be exact. Interestingly, some of them were discovered several centuries ago. So, Galileo Galilei himself discovered 4 satellites in 1610.

Jupiter can sometimes be seen with the naked eye, as was the case in 2010.

Saturn

Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system. It was named after the Roman god of agriculture.

It is known that Saturn consists of hydrogen with signs of water, helium, ammonia, methane and others. heavy elements. An unusual wind speed has been noticed on the planet - about 1800 kilometers per hour.

Saturn has visible rings that are mostly ice, dust, and other elements. Saturn also has 63 moons, one of which, Titan, surpasses even Mercury in size.

Uranus

The seventh planet in terms of distance from the Sun. It was discovered relatively recently (in 1781) by William Herschel and was named after the sky god.

Uranus is the first planet to be discovered with a telescope between the Middle Ages and modern times. Interestingly, despite the fact that the planet can sometimes be seen with the naked eye, before its discovery, it was commonly believed that it was a dim star.

Uranus has a lot of ice, but there is no metallic hydrogen. The atmosphere of the planet is made up of helium and hydrogen, as well as methane.

Uranus a complex system rings, there are also 27 satellites at once.

Neptune

Finally, we have reached the eighth and last planet of the solar system. The planet is named after the Roman god of the seas.

Neptune was discovered in 1846, and, interestingly, not with the help of observations, but thanks to mathematical calculations. Initially, only one of its satellites was discovered, although the remaining 13 were not known until the 20th century.

Neptune's atmosphere is made up of hydrogen, helium, and possibly nitrogen. Here the most are raging strong winds, the speed of which reaches a fantastic 2100 km / h. In the upper atmosphere, the temperature is about 220°C.

Neptune has an underdeveloped ring system.

The solar system is a planetary system that includes the central star - the Sun - and all the natural objects of space revolving around it. It was formed by gravitational compression of a gas and dust cloud about 4.57 billion years ago. We will find out which planets are part of the solar system, how they are located in relation to the Sun and their brief description.

Brief information about the planets of the solar system

The number of planets in the solar system is 8, and they are classified in order of distance from the Sun:

• Inner planets or terrestrial planets- Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. They consist mainly of silicates and metals.
• outer planets- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the so-called gas giants. They are much more massive than the terrestrial planets. Largest planets solar system, Jupiter and Saturn, consist mainly of hydrogen and helium; smaller gas giants, Uranus and Neptune, in addition to hydrogen and helium, contain methane and carbon monoxide in their atmospheres.

Rice. 1. Planets of the solar system.

The list of planets in the solar system in order from the sun is as follows: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. By listing the planets from largest to smallest, this order changes. The largest planet is Jupiter, followed by Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars and finally Mercury.

All planets revolve around the Sun in the same direction as the Sun's rotation (counterclockwise when viewed from the side). north pole sun).

the biggest angular velocity Mercury possesses - he manages to make full turn around the Sun in just 88 Earth days. And for the most distant planet - Neptune - the period of revolution is 165 earth years.

Most of the planets rotate around their axis in the same direction as they revolve around the sun. The exceptions are Venus and Uranus, and Uranus rotates almost "lying on its side" (axis tilt is about 90 degrees).

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Table. The sequence of the planets in the solar system and their features.

Planet	Distance from the Sun	Period of circulation	Rotation period	Diameter, km.	Number of satellites	Density g / cu. cm.
Mercury

Terrestrial planets (inner planets)

The four planets closest to the Sun consist mainly of heavy elements, have a small number of satellites, and have no rings. They are largely composed of refractory minerals such as silicates that form their mantle and crust, and metals such as iron and nickel that form their core. Three of these planets - Venus, Earth and Mars - have an atmosphere.

• Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and smallest planet systems. The planet has no satellites.
• Venus- is close in size to the Earth and, like the Earth, has a thick silicate shell around the iron core and atmosphere (because of this, Venus is often called the "sister" of the Earth). However, the amount of water on Venus is much less than on Earth, and its atmosphere is 90 times denser. Venus has no satellites.

Venus is the most hot planet our system, its surface temperature exceeds 400 degrees Celsius. The most likely reason for such high temperature is an the greenhouse effect due to the dense atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide.

Rice. 2. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system

• Earth- is the largest and densest of the terrestrial planets. The question of whether life exists anywhere other than Earth remains open. Among the terrestrial planets, the Earth is unique (primarily due to the hydrosphere). Earth's atmosphere is radically different from the atmospheres of other planets - it contains free oxygen. The earth has one natural satellite— Luna, the only one large satellite terrestrial planets of the solar system.
• Mars – smaller than Earth and Venus. It has an atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide. On its surface there are volcanoes, the largest of which, Olympus, exceeds the size of all terrestrial volcanoes, reaching a height of 21.2 km.

Outer region of the solar system

The outer region of the solar system is the location gas giants and their companions.

• Jupiter- has a mass of 318 times more than the earth, and 2.5 times more massive than all the other planets combined. It consists mainly of hydrogen and helium. Jupiter has 67 moons.
• Saturn- known for its extensive ring system, it is the least dense planet in the solar system (its average density less than the density of water). Saturn has 62 moons.

Rice. 3. Planet Saturn.

• Uranus- the seventh planet from the Sun is the lightest of the giant planets. What makes it unique among other planets is that it rotates "lying on its side": the inclination of its axis of rotation to the plane of the ecliptic is approximately 98 degrees. Uranus has 27 moons.
• Neptune - last planet in the solar system. Although slightly smaller than Uranus, it is more massive and therefore denser. Neptune has 14 known moons.

What have we learned?

One of the interesting topics of astronomy is the structure of the solar system. We learned what names of the planets of the solar system are, in what order they are located in relation to the Sun, what are their distinctive features and brief characteristics. This information so interesting and informative that it will be useful even for children in grade 4.

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seventh from the sun

Alternative descriptions

U, chemical element (92), actinide, radioactive, silver-white metal

AT Greek mythology god of the sky, husband of Gaia (Earth), father of the titans, cyclops and hundred-armed giants

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First planet discovered with a telescope

Solar system planet

The seventh largest planet from the Sun in the solar system, diameter 51,200 km, atmosphere of hydrogen, helium and methane

Which planet has a moon Oberon

Strategic fuel

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Father of all titans

Film by Claude Berry

What planet did William Herschel discover?

It is the heaviest chemical element, denoted by a single letter.

The planet in the solar system with the largest inclination of the equator to the orbit

This metal was named after a planet discovered only eight years before it, named when there were still echoes of the history with the name of the planet itself.

Chemical elements heavier than it are not found in nature, as they decay over time

Which chemical element revolves around the sun?

. "it's easier to get rich... than people" (joke)

Chemical element, U

Fuel for nuclear power plants

sky god in ancient Greek mythology

radioactive element

nuclear metal

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Planet

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Zeus' grandfather

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Father of all Cyclopes

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element number ninety two

Radioactive element #92

Mendeleev appointed him the 92nd

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Before neptunium in the table

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Ophelia and Ariel are his companions

Father of Themis

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92nd according to Mendeleev

planet or element

Mendeleev identified him as the 92nd

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In the table, he is in front of neptunium

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Planet discovered in 1781

92nd according to Mendeleev

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In Roman mythology, the god of time

metal of the actinide group

Planet

In Greek mythology, the god of the sky, the husband of Gaia

Name of a chemical element

Planets of the solar system

According to the official position of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), the naming organization astronomical objects There are only 8 planets.

Pluto was removed from the category of planets in 2006. because in the Kuiper belt are objects that are larger / or equal in size to Pluto. Therefore, even if it is taken as a full-fledged celestial body, then it is necessary to add Eris to this category, which has almost the same size with Pluto.

As defined by MAC, there are 8 known planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

All planets are divided into two categories depending on their physical characteristics: terrestrial groups and gas giants.

Schematic representation of the location of the planets

terrestrial planets

Mercury

The smallest planet in the solar system has a radius of only 2440 km. The period of revolution around the Sun, for ease of understanding, equated to earth year, is 88 days, while the turnover around own axis Mercury has time to make only one and a half times. Thus, his day lasts approximately 59 earth days. For a long time it was believed that this planet was always turned to the Sun by the same side, since the periods of its visibility from the Earth were repeated with a frequency approximately equal to four Mercury days. This misconception was dispelled with the advent of the possibility of using radar research and conducting constant observations using space stations. The orbit of Mercury is one of the most unstable; not only the speed of movement and its distance from the Sun change, but also the position itself. Anyone interested can observe this effect.

Mercury in color, as seen by the MESSENGER spacecraft

Mercury's proximity to the Sun has caused it to experience the largest temperature fluctuations of any of the planets in our system. The average daytime temperature is about 350 degrees Celsius, and the nighttime temperature is -170 °C. Sodium, oxygen, helium, potassium, hydrogen and argon have been identified in the atmosphere. There is a theory that it was previously a satellite of Venus, but so far this remains unproven. It has no satellites of its own.

Venus

The second planet from the Sun, the atmosphere of which is almost entirely composed of carbon dioxide. She is often called morning star and the Evening Star, because it is the first of the stars to become visible after sunset, just as before dawn it continues to be visible even when all the other stars have disappeared from view. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 96%, there is relatively little nitrogen in it - almost 4%, and water vapor and oxygen are present in very small amounts.

Venus in the UV spectrum

Such an atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect, the temperature on the surface because of this is even higher than that of Mercury and reaches 475 ° C. Considered the slowest, the Venusian day lasts 243 Earth days, which is almost equal to a year on Venus - 225 Earth days. Many call it the sister of the Earth because of the mass and radius, the values ​​​​of which are very close to the earth's indicators. The radius of Venus is 6052 km (0.85% of the earth). There are no satellites, like Mercury.

The third planet from the Sun and the only one in our system where there is liquid water, without which life on the planet could not develop. At least life as we know it. The radius of the Earth is 6371 km and, unlike the rest celestial bodies of our system, more than 70% of its surface is covered with water. The rest of the space is occupied by the continents. Another feature of the earth is tectonic plates hidden under the planet's mantle. At the same time, they are able to move, albeit at a very low speed, which over time causes a change in the landscape. The speed of the planet moving along it is 29-30 km / s.

Our planet from space

One revolution around its axis takes almost 24 hours, and full walkthrough the orbit lasts 365 days, which is much longer in comparison with the nearest neighboring planets. The Earth day and year are also taken as a standard, but this is done only for the convenience of perceiving time intervals on other planets. The Earth has one natural satellite, the Moon.

Mars

The fourth planet from the Sun, known for its rarefied atmosphere. Since 1960, Mars has been actively explored by scientists from several countries, including the USSR and the USA. Not all research programs have been successful, but water found in some areas suggests that primitive life exists on Mars, or existed in the past.

The brightness of this planet allows you to see it from Earth without any instruments. Moreover, once every 15-17 years, during the Opposition, it becomes the brightest object in the sky, eclipsing even Jupiter and Venus.

The radius is almost half that of the earth and is 3390 km, but the year is much longer - 687 days. He has 2 satellites - Phobos and Deimos .

Visual model of the solar system

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• The sun

  The sun is a star, which is a hot ball of hot gases at the center of our solar system. Its influence extends far beyond the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. Without the Sun and its intense energy and heat, there would be no life on Earth. There are billions of stars, like our Sun, scattered throughout the Milky Way galaxy.

• Mercury

  Sun-scorched Mercury is only slightly larger than Earth's moon. Like the Moon, Mercury is practically devoid of an atmosphere and cannot smooth out the traces of impact from the fall of meteorites, therefore, like the Moon, it is covered with craters. The day side of Mercury is very hot on the Sun, and on the night side the temperature drops hundreds of degrees below zero. In the craters of Mercury, which are located at the poles, there is ice. Mercury makes one revolution around the Sun in 88 days.

• Venus

  Venus is a world of monstrous heat (even more than on Mercury) and volcanic activity. Similar in structure and size to Earth, Venus is covered in a thick and toxic atmosphere that creates a strong greenhouse effect. This scorched world is hot enough to melt lead. Radar images through the mighty atmosphere revealed volcanoes and deformed mountains. Venus rotates in the opposite direction from the rotation of most planets.

• Earth is an ocean planet. Our home, with its abundance of water and life, makes it unique in our solar system. Other planets, including several moons, also have ice deposits, atmospheres, seasons, and even weather, but only on Earth did all these components come together in such a way that life became possible.

• Mars

  Although details of the surface of Mars are difficult to see from Earth, telescope observations show that Mars has seasons and white spots at the poles. For decades, people believed that the bright and dark areas on Mars were patches of vegetation and that Mars might be a suitable place for life, and that water existed in polar caps. When spacecraft Mariner 4 flew to Mars in 1965, many of the scientists were shocked to see photos of the gloomy planet covered in craters. Mars turned out to be a dead planet. More recent missions, however, have shown that Mars holds many mysteries that have yet to be solved.

• Jupiter

  Jupiter is the most massive planet in our solar system, has four large satellites and many small moons. Jupiter forms a kind of miniature solar system. To turn into a full-fledged star, Jupiter had to become 80 times more massive.

• Saturn

  Saturn is the most distant of the five planets that were known before the invention of the telescope. Like Jupiter, Saturn is made up mostly of hydrogen and helium. Its volume is 755 times that of the Earth. Winds in its atmosphere reach speeds of 500 meters per second. These fast winds, combined with heat rising from the planet's interior, cause the yellow and golden streaks we see in the atmosphere.

• Uranus

  The first planet found with a telescope, Uranus was discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel. The seventh planet is so far from the Sun that one revolution around the Sun takes 84 years.

• Neptune

  Nearly 4.5 billion kilometers from the Sun, distant Neptune rotates. It takes 165 years to complete one revolution around the Sun. It is invisible to the naked eye due to its vast distance from Earth. Interestingly, its unusual elliptical orbit intersects with the orbit of the dwarf planet Pluto, which is why Pluto is inside Neptune's orbit for about 20 out of 248 years during which it makes one revolution around the Sun.

• Pluto

  Tiny, cold and incredibly distant, Pluto was discovered in 1930 and has long been considered the ninth planet. But after the discovery of Pluto-like worlds even further away, Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.

The planets are giants

There are four gas giants located beyond the orbit of Mars: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are in the outer solar system. They differ in their massiveness and gas composition.

Planets of the solar system, not to scale

Jupiter

Fifth from the Sun and largest planet our system. Its radius is 69912 km, it is 19 times more earth and only 10 times smaller than the Sun. A year on Jupiter is not the longest in the solar system, lasting 4333 Earth days (incomplete 12 years). His own day has a duration of about 10 earth clock. The exact composition of the planet's surface has not yet been determined, but it is known that krypton, argon and xenon are present on Jupiter in much large quantities than on the Sun.

There is an opinion that one of the four gas giants is actually a failed star. This theory is also supported by the largest number of satellites, of which Jupiter has many - as many as 67. To imagine their behavior in the orbit of the planet, a fairly accurate and clear model of the solar system is needed. The largest of them are Callisto, Ganymede, Io and Europa. At the same time, Ganymede is the largest satellite of the planets in the entire solar system, its radius is 2634 km, which is 8% larger than the size of Mercury, the smallest planet in our system. Io has the distinction of being one of only three moons with an atmosphere.

Saturn

The second largest planet and the sixth largest in the solar system. In comparison with other planets, the composition is most similar to the Sun chemical elements. The surface radius is 57,350 km, the year is 10,759 days (almost 30 Earth years). A day here lasts a little longer than on Jupiter - 10.5 Earth hours. In terms of the number of satellites, it is not far behind its neighbor - 62 versus 67. The largest satellite of Saturn is Titan, just like Io, which is distinguished by the presence of an atmosphere. Slightly smaller than it, but no less famous for this - Enceladus, Rhea, Dione, Tethys, Iapetus and Mimas. It is these satellites that are the objects for the most frequent observation, and therefore we can say that they are the most studied in comparison with the rest.

For a long time, the rings on Saturn were considered unique phenomenon that belong only to him. Only recently it was found that all gas giants have rings, but the rest are not so clearly visible. Their origin has not yet been established, although there are several hypotheses about how they appeared. In addition, it was recently discovered that Rhea, one of the satellites of the sixth planet, also has some kind of rings.

> Planets

Explore everything planets of the solar system in order and learn the names, new scientific facts and interesting features surrounding worlds with photos and videos.

There are 8 planets in the solar system: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The first 4 belong to the inner solar system and are considered terrestrial planets. Jupiter and Saturn are large planets of the solar system and representatives of gas giants (huge and filled with hydrogen and helium), while Uranus and Neptune are ice giants (large and represented by heavier elements).

Previously, Pluto was considered the ninth planet, but since 2006 it has moved into the category of dwarf planets. This dwarf planet was first discovered by Clyde Tomb. Now it is one of the largest objects in the Kuiper belt - a cluster of icy bodies on the outer edge of our system. Pluto lost its planetary status after the IAU (International Astronomical Union) revised the concept itself.

According to the decision of the IAU, a planet of the solar system is a body that performs an orbital passage around the Sun, endowed with sufficient mass to form in the form of a sphere and clear the area around it from foreign objects. Pluto could not meet the last requirement, and therefore became a dwarf planet. Other similar objects include Ceres, Makemake, Haumea, and Eridu.

With a small atmosphere, harsh surface features and 5 satellites, Pluto is considered the most complex dwarf planet and one of the most amazing planets in our solar system.

But scientists do not lose hope of finding the mysterious Ninth Planet - after they announced a hypothetical object in 2016 that affects bodies from the Kuiper belt by gravity. In terms of parameters, it is 10 times the mass of the Earth and 5,000 times more massive than Pluto. Below is a list of the planets of the solar system with photos, names, descriptions, detailed characteristics and interesting facts for children and adults.

Variety of planets

Astrophysicist Sergei Popov on gas and ice giants, binary star systems and single planets:

Hot planetary coronas

Astronomer Valery Shematovich about the study gas shells planets, hot particles in the atmosphere and discoveries on Titan:

Planet	Diameter relative to Earth	Mass, relative to the Earth	Orbital radius, a. e.	Orbital period, Earth years	Day, relative to the earth	Density, kg/m³	satellites
	0,382	0,06	0,38	0,241	58,6	5427	No
	0,949	0,82	0,72	0,615	243	5243	No
	1,0	1,0	1,0	1,0	1,0	5515	1
	0,53	0,11	1,52	1,88	1,03	3933	2
	0,074	0,000013	2,76	4,6	0,46	~2000	No
	11,2	318	5,20	11,86	0,414	1326	67
	9,41	95	9,54	29,46	0,426	687	62
	3,98	14,6	19,22	84,01	0,718	1270	27
	3,81	17,2	30,06	164,79	0,671	1638	14
	0,098	0,0017	39,2	248,09	6,3	2203	5
	0,032	0,00066	42,1	281,1	0,03	~1900	2
	0,033	0,00065	45,2	306,28	1,9	~1700	No
	0,1	0,0019	68,03	561,34	1,1	~2400	1

Terrestrial planets of the solar system

The first 4 planets from the Sun are called terrestrial planets because their surface is rocky. Pluto also has a solid surface layer (frozen), but it belongs to the dwarf type planets.

Gas giant planets of the solar system

4 gas giants live in the outer solar system, as they are quite huge and gaseous. But Uranus and Neptune are different because they more ice. Therefore, they are also called ice giants. However, all gas giants have one thing in common: they are all made up of hydrogen and helium.

The IAU put forward the definition of a planet:

• The object must revolve around the sun;
• Have enough mass to take the shape of a ball;
• Clear your orbital path from foreign objects;

Pluto could not meet the latter requirement, as it shares an orbital path with a huge number of bodies from the Kuiper belt. But not everyone agreed with the definition. However, such dwarf planets like Eris, Haumea and Makemake.

Ceres also lives between Mars and Jupiter. She was noticed in 1801 and considered a planet. Some still consider it the 10th planet of the solar system.

Dwarf planets of the solar system

Education planetary systems

Astronomer Dmitry Wiebe stone planets and giant planets, a variety of planetary systems and hot Jupiters:

Solar system planets in order

Below are the characteristics of the 8 major planets of the solar system in order from the sun:

The first planet from the Sun is Mercury

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun. It rotates in an elliptical orbit with a distance of 46-70 million km from the Sun. It spends 88 days on one orbital span, and 59 days on an axial span. Due to the slow rotation, a day spans 176 days. The axial tilt is extremely small.

With a diameter of 4887 km, the first planet from the Sun reaches 5% of the earth's mass. Surface gravity - 1/3 of the earth. The planet is practically devoid of an atmospheric layer, so it is hot during the day and freezes at night. The temperature mark fluctuates between +430°C and -180°C.

There is a crater surface and an iron core. But the magnetic field is inferior to the earth. Initially, radars indicated the presence of water ice at the poles. The Messenger confirmed the assumptions and found deposits at the bottom of the craters, which are all the time immersed in shadow.

The first planet from the Sun is located close to the star, so it can be seen before dawn and just after sunset.

• Name: the messenger of the gods in the Roman pantheon.
• Diameter: 4878 km.
• Orbit: 88 days.
• Day length: 58.6 days.

Second planet from the Sun - Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun. Travels in an almost circular orbit at a distance of 108 million km. It comes closest to the Earth and can reduce the distance to 40 million km.

It spends 225 days on an orbital path, and an axial rotation (clockwise) lasts 243 days. A day covers 117 Earth days. The axial tilt is 3 degrees.

In diameter (12100 km), the second planet from the Sun almost converges with the earth and reaches 80% of the earth's mass. The gravity indicator is 90% of the earth. The planet has dense atmospheric layer, where the pressure is 90 times higher than the earth. The atmosphere is filled with carbon dioxide with thick sulfur clouds, which creates a powerful greenhouse effect. It is because of this that the surface warms up by 460 ° C (the hottest planet in the system).

The surface of the second planet from the Sun is hidden from direct observation, but scientists managed to create a map using radar. Sheltered by large volcanic plains with two huge continents, mountains and valleys. There are also impact craters. A weak magnetic field is observed.

• Detection: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Name: Roman goddess responsible for love and beauty.
• Diameter: 12104 km.
• Orbit: 225 days.
• Day length: 241 days.

Third planet from the Sun - Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the largest and densest of inner planets. The orbital path is 150 million km away from the Sun. Possesses the only satellite and advanced life.

An orbital flyby takes 365.25 days, and axial rotation takes 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds. The length of the day is 24 hours. The axial tilt is 23.4 degrees, and the diameter index is 12742 km.

The third planet from the Sun formed 4.54 billion years ago and most its existence near is the moon. It is believed that the satellite appeared after a huge object crashed into the Earth and pulled material into orbit. It was the Moon that stabilized the earth's axial tilt and acts as a source of tide formation.

The satellite in diameter covers 3747 km (27% of the Earth's) and is located at a distance of 362000-405000 km. Experiencing a planetary gravitational effect, due to which it slowed down the axial rotation and fell into the gravitational block (therefore, one side is turned towards the Earth).

The planet is protected from stellar radiation by a powerful magnetic field formed by an active core (molten iron).

• Diameter: 12760 km.
• Orbit: 365.24 days.
• Day length: 23 hours and 56 minutes.

The fourth planet from the Sun is Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. The red planet moves along an eccentric orbital path - 230 million km. It spends 686 days on one flight around the Sun, and an axial rotation - 24 hours and 37 minutes. It is tilted at 25.1 degrees and a day lasts 24 hours and 39 minutes. The slope resembles the Earth, so it has seasons.

The diameter of the fourth planet from the Sun (6792 km) is half that of the earth, and the mass reaches 1/10 of the earth. The gravity indicator is 37%.

Mars is unprotected as magnetic field, so the original atmosphere was destroyed solar wind. The devices recorded the outflow of atoms into space. As a result, the pressure reaches 1% of the earth's, and a thin atmospheric layer is represented by 95% carbon dioxide.

The fourth planet from the Sun is extremely frosty, where temperatures drop to -87°C in winter and rise to -5°C in summer. It is a dusty place with gigantic storms capable of covering the entire surface.

• Detection: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Title: Roman god of war.
• Diameter: 6787 km.
• Orbit: 687 days.
• Day length: 24 hours and 37 minutes.

Fifth planet from the Sun - Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. In addition, in front of you is the largest planet in the system, which is 2.5 times more massive than all the planets and covers 1/1000 of the solar mass.

It is 780 million km away from the Sun and spends 12 years on an orbital path. It is filled with hydrogen (75%) and helium (24%) and may have a rocky core immersed in liquid metallic hydrogen with a diameter of 110,000 km. The total planetary diameter is 142,984 km.

In the upper layer of the atmosphere there are 50-kilometer clouds, represented by ammonia crystals. They are in lanes moving at different speeds and latitudes. The Great Red Spot, a large-scale storm, seems noteworthy.

The fifth planet from the Sun spends 10 hours on an axial rotation. This is a rapid speed, which means that the equatorial diameter is 9000 km more than the polar one.

• Detection: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Name: chief god in the Roman pantheon.
• Diameter: 139822 km.
• Orbit: 11.9 years.
• Day length: 9.8 hours.

The sixth planet from the Sun is Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. Saturn is in the 2nd position in terms of scale in the system, exceeding the earth's radius by 9 times (57,000 km) and 95 times more massive.

It is 1400 million km away from the Sun and spends 29 years on an orbital flight. Filled with hydrogen (96%) and helium (3%). May have a rocky core in liquid metallic hydrogen with a diameter of 56,000 km. The upper layers are represented by liquid water, hydrogen, ammonium hydrosulfide and helium.

The core is heated up to 11700°C and produces more heat than the planet receives from the Sun. The higher we climb, the lower the degree drops. At the top, the temperature is kept at -180°C and 0°C at a depth of 350 km.

The cloud layers of the sixth planet from the Sun resemble the picture of Jupiter, but they are fainter and wider. There is also the Great White Spot, a brief periodic storm. It takes 10 hours and 39 minutes for an axial rotation, but exact figure it is difficult to name, since there are no fixed surface features.

• Detection: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Name: god of economy in the Roman pantheon.
• Diameter: 120500 km.
• Orbit: 29.5 days.
• Day length: 10.5 hours.

The seventh planet from the Sun is Uranus

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. Uranus is representative ice giants and stands at the 3rd position in size in the system. In diameter (50,000 km) it is 4 times larger than the earth and 14 times more massive.

It is distant by 2900 million km and spends 84 years on the orbital path. Surprisingly, according to the axial tilt (97 degrees), the planet literally rotates on its side.

It is believed that there is a small rocky core around which a mantle of water, ammonia and methane is concentrated. This is followed by a hydrogen, helium and methane atmosphere. The seventh planet from the Sun is also distinguished by the fact that it does not radiate more internal heat, so the temperature mark drops to -224 ° C (the frostiest planet).

• Discovery: Noticed by William Herschel in 1781.
• Name: personification of the sky.
• Diameter: 51120 km.
• Orbit: 84 years old.
• Day length: 18 hours.

Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. Neptune has been the official last planet in the solar system since 2006. The diameter is 49,000 km, and in terms of massiveness it is 17 times larger than the earth.

It is distant by 4500 million km and spends 165 years on an orbital flight. Due to its remoteness, only 1% of solar radiation (compared to Earth) enters the planet. The axial tilt is 28 degrees, and the rotation is completed in 16 hours.

The meteorology of the eighth planet from the Sun is more pronounced than that of Uranus, so powerful storm actions can be seen at the poles in the form of dark spots. The wind accelerates to 600 m/s, and the temperature mark drops to -220°C. The core is heated up to 5200°C.

• Discovery: 1846.
• Title: Roman god of water.
• Diameter: 49530 km.
• Orbit: 165 years.
• Day length: 19 hours.

It's a small world, inferior in size earth satellite. The orbit intersects with Neptune and in 1979-1999. it could be considered the 8th planet in terms of distance from the Sun. Pluto will remain beyond the orbit of Neptune for more than two hundred years. The orbital path is tilted to the system plane by 17.1 degrees. Frosty World visited New Horizons in 2015.

• Discovery: 1930 - Clyde Tombaugh.
• Title: Roman god of the underworld.
• Diameter: 2301 km.
• Orbit: 248 years.
• Day length: 6.4 days.

The ninth planet is a hypothetical object living in external system. Its gravity should explain the behavior of trans-Neptunian objects.