Types of subordinate clauses in English. h) Of manner

Subordinate clauses in English are found in complex-subordinate sentences. They differ in that their meaning will not be fully understood without the presence of the main clause.

Types of subordinate clauses

Depending on the grammatical function, subordinate clauses can be subject clause, predicative clause, attributive clause, object clause, and adverbial clause. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

subjective

Performs the function of the subject. Pay Special attention on the structure of the main part, which in this case is devoid of a subject, because such is the subject clause.

What I want to tell you is something very important. “What I want to tell you is very important.

• If the subject clause comes after the main clause, then the pronoun it is placed at the beginning of the sentence.

  It was always possible that they could break up. “The possibility that they might part ways has always existed.

  Please note: in order for the perception of the phrase to remain pleasant to the ear and readable in Russian, the structure can be completely changed during translation.

• If, whether, that, who, which, what, whatever, whoever, where, when, why, how are used as connecting elements, or they may not exist at all.

  What was done could not be undone. - What's done is done (you can't do it again).

Relative clauses in English

Predicate

Performs the function of a predicative or predicate. The unusualness of such constructions lies in the fact that the sentence contains only part of the compound nominal predicate (connective verb), and the second part is the entire predicative clause.

• Unions that, if, whether, as if are used as connectives.

  I felt as if someone poured a bucket of water over my head. “I felt as if a bucket of water had been poured over my head.

• Service words what, which, who, where, when, how, why.

  That was why you asked him so many questions. “That's why you asked him so many questions.

  Please note: as a rule, predicative clauses are not separated by commas, with the exception of the presence of several predicate clauses that are consistent with each other.

Additional subordinate clause

They perform the function of an object and refer to a word in the main sentence.

I have no idea what he is talking about! I have no idea what he's talking about!

Ligaments may be absent altogether.

definitive

Determinants subordinate clauses in English refer to the noun (pronoun) in the principal clause. Depending on the meaning and type of connection, they are divided into relative and appositive. The first type can have both an allied and an allied connection, the second - only an allied one.

Attributive relatives can be restrictive and descriptive.

• Restrictives narrow the meaning of the word being defined, and without their presence, the whole meaning of the statement changes. Due to such a close connection with the main clause, they are not separated by a comma and are introduced by relative pronouns - who, whose, which, as, that; relative adverbs - when, where.

  All that could have been done had been done. “Everything that could be done was done.(If we remove “that could have been done” from the sentence, then the meaning of the phrase will change dramatically.)

• Descriptive ones do not limit the meaning of the word being defined and introduce Additional information about him, which we can remove without changing the meaning of the phrase. Because the connection here is not as close as in the previous case, then the sentences are separated by a comma. The input is who, which and where, when.

  She, who was always very persistent, gave up. She, always being very persistent, gave up.

• Appositive (attributive appositive) serve as an application, revealing the meaning of an abstract noun. If they are removed, the meaning will not change. They are entered using that, whether, how, why.

  He stopped in the hope that she would say something. He stopped in the hope that she would say something.(The abstract noun being defined is hope.)

circumstantial

Adverbial clauses play the role of an adverb and define a verb, adjective, or adverb. Depending on the meaning, adverbial clauses can be associated with:

You can also learn about subordinate clauses of time from the video:

All sentences, according to their structure, are divided into simple and complex, both in English and in other languages. With simple sentences everything is quite simple, which cannot be said about complex ones, especially in English. Complex sentences are divided, according to their composition, into compound and complex sentences. Compounds consist of several equal parts. But complex subordinate clauses include one main and one (or more) subordinate clause, while the second only explains the first. Subordinate clauses perform a wide range of functions in English: they can act as a subject, predicate, object, circumstance, definition.

The subordinate clause as part of a complex

In English, in order to introduce a subordinate clause into complex structure complex sentence, as a rule, such unions and allied words are used:

• that- what
• because- because
• if- if
• when- when
• since- with
• after- after
• before- before
• till- before
• though- although, etc.

It happens that the use of allied words is not needed.

• Tom never thought he should see them again. — Tom never thought he would see them again.

Typology of subordinate clauses

Depending on the function performed, subordinate clauses in English are divided into types, which are named according to their role in phrases:

1. Subject clauses

This type of subordinate clauses perform, which is already understandable based on the name, the function of the subject and answer the questions:

• Who? - who?
• what? - what?

It can be introduced by the following unions:

• What I told them yesterday is the lie. — What I told them yesterday is a lie

2. Subordinate predicates (or predicative members)

This type of subordinate clauses performs the function of the nominal part of the predicate. Question to be answered:

• what is the subject?- what is the subject?

The same allied words are used for their introduction as for the previous type.

• The question is whether Kate knows about his decision or not. — The question is whether Kate is aware of his decision or not.

3. Adnexal additional

Questions answered by adverbial clauses

• whom? - whom
• what? - what?

In English, this type of sentence does not require a comma to separate it from the main clause. Introductory union that may be missed. We can use the future tense, even after introductory word when :

• Jean knows when her friend will return. — Jane knows when her friend will be back
• I don't understand what I can do. — I don't understand what can I do

4. Clauses

Questions answered by relative attributive clauses:

• which? - which?
• what? - which?.

Definitive sentences are attached to the main clause in an unconjunctive way, or the following adverbs and pronouns are used to introduce the defining parts of a phrase:

who - who	whom
whose - whose, whom	which, that
when - when	where - where, where
why - why

If attributive sentences are introduced by pronouns whom ,whose and which , then it is likely that a pretext will also be required. Defining constructions refer to one of the members of the main clause, expressed by a noun or pronoun, and these constructions are placed after the member they define.

• The house where my family once had a rest has been flooded. — The house where my family once rested was flooded

Here the attributive clause together with the union where comes after the noun house:

• where my family once had a rest

5. Adverbial clauses

The group of adverbial clauses is large enough. Depending on the "circumstances", they were divided into conditional, concessive, etc.

Mode of action and comparison
Question to be answered:

• how? - How? How?

• The weather is not so nasty now as it was at the beginning of the month. — The weather is not as bad as it was at the beginning of the month

Causes
Answer the question

• why? - Why?

The main sentence is joined with the words:

• As it's hot, I'll stay at home. - Since it's hot, I'll stay at home

Goals
Questions to be answered:

• what for? - why?
• f or what purpose? - for what purpose?

They can be entered with structures such as:

• in order that- so as to
• so that- in order to
• lest- not to

The predicate in this type of sentence requires an auxiliary verb may (to be able) followed by the main verb in the infinitive. In Russian, in such cases, it is used subjunctive mood, it is not available in English. May not translated into Russian literally.

• In order that the students might say their opinions, it was mentioned about democracy in our country. — In order for students to speak (could speak) their opinion, it was mentioned about democracy in our country

Consequences
They have the meaning of the consequence that follows from the whole phrase. Union that joins two (or more) parts of a phrase.

• The night was so hot that I could not sleep. — The night was so hot that I couldn't sleep.

concessions
The question they usually answer

• in spite of what? — in spite of what?

Allied words that connect the phrase into a single whole:

Thought (although) - although	However - no matter how
Whoever - whoever	Whatever - whatever
Whichever - whatever	As - although

• Whatever wages it is Nick will work here. — Whatever the salary, Nick will work here

Conditional clauses
Adverbial conditionals are attached to the main sentence with the help of:

Types of conditional clauses

There are three types of conditional clauses in English:

• Conditionals of the first type express possible-realizable events that can refer to any of the three times (present, future or past). Verbs are used in indicative mood in both parts (main and subordinate) of the phrase.
  • If you leave a dog here, it will escape. — If you leave the dog here, he will run away.
• Conditionals of the second type express unrealistic events or assumptions that relate to the present or future.
  The conditional part uses either to be in the past time, plural — were , or the verb in the past simple ( past simple).
  • He would not wait if he were you. - He wouldn't wait if he were you (was you)
  • If Lucy ceased to work, her family would have financial problems. — If Lucy stopped working, her family would have financial problems.
• Conditionals of the third type indicate unfulfilled events, assumptions that relate to the past.
  In the main part of the phrase, the following situation is observed with the tense form of the predicate:
  would + present perfect"
  In the conditional part, the verb is in past perfect
  • I would have relaxed better, if it had not been for John. — I would have rested even better if not for John

As you know, the proposal sentence) is a combination of words that expresses a certain complete thought. Being the minimum unit of speech, a sentence can be either simple ( simple) and complex in structure. Everything is in the article of the same name on our blog. And if you missed something or didn’t notice something while studying them, read the article again.

From the material of the article, you will learn that complex sentences can be compound in composition ( compound) and complexly subordinated ( complex). The difference between them is that in the first all parts of the sentence are equal, and in the second there is a main sentence ( principal clause) and one or more subordinate clauses ( subordinate clauses) to explain it.

Relative clauses in English are introduced into a complex sentence with the help of, which are not so few. The main ones are that, because, as, if, whether, when, since, after, before, till, unless, though other.

Types of subordinate clauses in English

Since subordinate clauses in English explain the main thing, they play the role of various members of the sentence, hence their types and names appeared. So, subordinate clauses are:

1. Subject clauses (the subject clause) introduced by unions that(what), if / whether(whether), who(who), what(what), which(which), when(when), where(where), how(as), why(why).
   

   Whether we met there or does not mean anything now. Whether we met or not doesn't matter now.

   What she told me yesterday turned out to be the truth. What she told me yesterday turned out to be true.

2. Predicate clauses(predicative - the predicative clause), which is found in the same unions as the previous subordinate clause in English.
   

   The question is whether he knows about her betrayal or not. “The question is whether he knows about her betrayal or not.

   The problem was that he treated us as unfamiliar people. “The problem was that he treated us like strangers.

3. Adnexal additional(the object clause), which are attached to the main clause using unions that, if / whether, what, who, which, where, how, why.
   

   He told us that he had seen us buying a bouquet of flowers. He said he saw us buying a bouquet of flowers.

   I do not understand what I must do now. I don't understand what I should do now.

4. Clauses (the attributive clause), and to work with them you will need unions such as who(which), whose(whose), which / that(which), where(where), why(why).
   

   The house where we once lived has been burnt. The house we once lived in burned down.

   The woman who helped us was a doctor from our local hospital. The woman who helped us was a doctor from our district hospital.

5. Adverbial clauses (the adverbial clause) , which have their own classification.

   First of all, this adverbial clauses of place (the adverbial clause of place), which, as the name suggests, require only conjunctions where(where, whither) and wherever(wherever, wherever).

   The dog sleeps wherever he wants. The dog sleeps where he wants.

   Do you know where he plays football? Do you know where he plays football?

   This is followed by such subordinate clauses in English as adverbial adverbial tenses (the adverbial clause of time). Accordingly, they need unions that determine the time parameters: when(when), after(after), before(until), till(until), while(while), since(since), as soon as(once).

   She was still crying when he entered the room. She was still crying when he entered the room.

   By the time you get married, I will have a family with three children. “By the time you get married, I will already have a family and three children.

   Next, we select a group such as adverbial adverbial reasons (the adverbial clause of reason) and explain them by unions because(because), as / since(as).

   I called you because I needed money. I called you because I needed money.

   He can't go to the party because he caught cold. He cannot go to the party because he has a cold.

   Smooth transition to adverbial adverbial purpose (the adverbial clause of purpose). Remember introductory unions that(to), so that / in order that(in order to), lest(not to...).

   She must speak louder so that everybody could hear her. She must speak louder so that everyone can hear her.

   He works hard in order that he can afford himself to buy a house of his dreams. He works hard to afford to buy his dream house.

   Of course, do not forget about such subordinate clauses in English as adverbial adverbial clauses (the adverbial clause of condition) based on unions if(if), provided that / on condition that(provided that).

   If you find the book I asked, I will fulfill my promise. “If you find the book I asked for, I will keep my promise.

   I won't be free unless you tell me about this. "I won't be free until you tell me."

   There are still subgroups of adverbial clauses course of action (the adverbial clause of manner), comparisons (the adverbial clause of comparison) and concessions (the adverbial clause of concession). The first and second subgroups of subordinate clauses in English need conjunctions as(as), as if / as thought(ostensibly). But for the third fit though(although), no matter how(no matter how), no matter what(whatever it is, anyway).

   She is looking at her mother as if she doesn't recognize her. She looks at her mother as if she doesn't recognize her.

   He reads as quickly as he can. He reads as fast as he can.

   No matter what he says, I do not believe him. Whatever he says, I don't believe him.

How many types subordinate clauses in English formed. Although, despite their number, they are all understandable and by no means difficult. One has only to remember the unions and features of each group of subordinate clauses. And with the help of this information, you can quickly navigate in such difficult topic, as .

If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.

An English sentence can be compared to a Russian sentence in that their structure is somewhat similar, and we are talking not about the members of the sentence, but about the parts of one phrase. So, in the language there are. The second, which will be discussed in this article, in turn, are compound, where all parts are equal and independent, and complex. A complex sentence is called so because one or more of its parts are subordinate to another, and these subordinating parts themselves can answer different questions and act as different components of the phrase. These features led to the emergence of such a concept as clauses, and determined the classification of types of clauses in accordance with the role in the sentence. About this and will be discussed in this article. We will look at what subordinate clauses are in English, what types of them are distinguished and how they differ from each other.

General information about accessory parts

The translation of the word clause will be “part”, and then we are talking about those parts complex sentence, which can transmit different meaning and answer various questions. In general, there are main / principal - main and subordinate clauses - subordinate clauses in English (parts). Such a division is very clearly visible in the subjunctive mood, because conditional sentences in English consist directly of such components: the main sentence carries the main essence, and the subordinate part - the condition.

It is worth noting that parts of a complex sentence can be connected either through conjunctions or other connecting words, or not have any connecting units. An example of an allied connection:
She was sure that nobody would come to see her off She was sure that no one would come to see her off.

An example of a unionless relationship:
I wish I had been there a few days before– It is a pity that I was not there a few days before.

It is also impossible not to note the fact that the subordinate clauses do not have any specific place, that is, they can either precede the main parts or stand after them:

It was hard to overcome the problem because the task was too difficult– It was difficult to overcome the problem because the task was too difficult

· When he phoned in the evening, I was watching my favorite TV program - When he called in the evening, I was watching my favorite program

Translation of clauses today can also be considered all subordinate clauses, including those that contain the main members of the sentence. This is due, perhaps, to the fact that the types of subordinate clauses are very numerous, and when talking about parts of a complex sentence, it is important to emphasize all fragments of the phrase without exception. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the types of clauses in more detail, give examples from different categories and determine which questions each type answers.

The main types of accessory parts

It is customary to distinguish the following types of subordinate clauses in English:

1. Subject clause

or, more simply, a part that has a subject in its composition. It shows the relation of this clause to the predicate and can be either at the beginning or at the end and have different conjunctions or connecting words in front of it (who, what, which, where, that, etc.):

What does he want to do is to go away right now - What he wants to do is leave right now

2. Predicative clause - subordinate predicates

In many ways, they resemble the previously described subject clauses, since they also contain one of the two main members. In addition, approximately the same conjunctions and connecting elements are also used before them - who, what, that, how, why, etc. The only difference is that those subordinate clauses in English that have a predicative usually stand in the second half:

The problem was how the boys could reach that place– The problem was how the boys could get to that place

3. Object clause - additional clauses

In fact, they perform the function of a full-fledged supplement. Additional subordinate clauses can be connected to the main part through the most different unions and connecting elements - that, is, what, who, whatever, whoever, etc. Such parts are also called explanatory and answer questions of indirect cases: what? about whom? etc.:

He always does what his mother tells him to do He always does what his mother tells him to do.

4. Attributive clauses

They play the role of definitions and are associated with either nouns or pronouns that are in the main clause. Definitive sentences in English can be linked to main clauses through different elements: they can be relative pronouns (who, that, which, etc.), relative adverbs (when, where), and the method can be non-union. Complex sentences with attributive clauses are quite popular because of the possibility different ways agreement with the main part; Usually the attributive clause answers the question which one? and may look like this:

He started in the hope that everyone would support him He started in the hope that everyone would support him.

5. Adverbial clauses - adverbial clauses

which constitute perhaps the largest subgroup. Complicated sentences with adverbial clauses are very common, as they convey a lot of meanings and have several separate subtypes. It is logical to assume that NGN with adverbial adverbial clauses has a part in the circumstance function inside, which can have different meanings and be used to display different situations. So, any table with these types will offer the following options:

a) Adverbial clause of time

Quite often, parts of time and conditions stand together, since both subordinate conditions and time are clearly reflected in the subjunctive mood, where they have special grammatical norms for the formation of time. Temporary clauses have conjunctions that precede them - as, as soon as, till, until, when, etc.:
As soon as I saw her, I called my friends to tell them this news - As soon as I saw her, I called my friends to tell them this news

b) Adverbial clauses of place

There is usually nothing complicated in them, and the words that precede them are somehow connected with the place - where, wherever:
I feel good where I live– I feel good where I live

c) Adverbial clauses of purpose

Their essence lies in the name itself: they convey the purpose for which the action is performed. They are preceded by well-known structures such as in order, so that, etc.:

I looked at him so that he could understand the seriousness of my intention I looked at him so that he could understand the seriousness of my intention.

d) Of cause

This part is designed to show this or that reason in relation to the main part. May begin with unions because, for, since, as, etc.:

I decided not to go there since I didn't know anyone at that party– I decided not to go there because I didn’t know anyone at that party.

e) Of condition - relative clauses of the condition

They are quite familiar to those who remember Subjunctive Mood and Conditional Sentences. Conditional clauses usually begin with conjunctions such as if (whether), unless, in case, etc.:

In case she comes, nobody will meet her - In case she comes, no one will meet her

f) Of comparison - comparisons

Their essence is quite simple: their translation begins with the words “as if”, “as if”, which are usually expressed through unions identical in meaning as if / as though or other structures: as - as, so - as, etc .:

He looked as if nothing could frighten him He looked like nothing could scare him

g) Of result - the result or, as they are also called, the consequences

The translation of such constructions is “so much so that ...”, “such that ...”. Such clauses are usually expressed through the so that structure, but such a case of its use should not be confused with an adverbial clause of purpose, where the essence will be completely different. Here is what the subordinate corollary looks like:

We were deeply involved in working on the project, so that we didn't hear he come– We were so involved in the work on the project that we did not hear him come

h) Of manner

The conjunction as usually indicates how the action is performed, that is, the way it is performed. For example:
He did everything as you ordered him- He did everything as you ordered him.

i) Adverbial clause of concession

A typical translation from which such a part will begin is “although”, “despite”, etc. Such meanings are expressed through conjunctions although, though, however, despite, etc.:

thought he was free, he refused to help us - Although he was free, he refused to help us

As can be seen from all the above information, there are quite a few types of subordinate parts of a sentence, but each of them has individual distinctive features in the form of unions that introduce them, therefore big problems and the study of this extended topic usually does not cause difficulties.

This topic is one of the most serious in English grammar. Learning a language at the initial stage, you can do without this knowledge for some time. But the higher your level is, the more you will have a desire to diversify and complicate your speech, making it close to that which native speakers speak. At this point, it will be necessary to study the conditions: their meaning, varieties, methods of formation and examples of use. This article will help you.

Where are they used?

In English, as in Russian, all sentences are divided into simple and complex. And the latter, in turn, can be complex and complex. The first type does not create great difficulties in learning grammar. foreign language. But in the case of the second, there are some nuances.

Consider a typical one in English:

If (when) the weather is fine, I'll go for a walk - If (when) the weather is fine, I'll go for a walk.

In this case, you can easily see two components:

• I'll go for a walk main clause (main clause);
• if (when) the weather is fine - a condition clause or a time clause.

What do they mean?

In the example discussed above, the main clause expresses the thought: "What will happen?", and the subordinate clause - "Under what condition (or at what time, when) will this happen?"

In such sentences, an inseparable semantic and grammatical connection main and subordinate parts. In general, subordinate constructions can express a variety of meanings: mode of action and degrees, place, time, condition, cause, effect, goal, comparison, concession. But in this article we will focus only on two types, expressing situations of time and conditions.

In speech, such constructions express logical, spatio-temporal and causal relationships. Therefore, an advanced English learner needs to understand when to use the tenses and conditions.

Used unions

It is characteristic that in complex sentences main part invariably one, and there may be several subordinate clauses. All of them are directly dependent (logically and grammatically) on the main component and join it with the help of various conjunctions and allied expressions. Here are the most used ones:

• if - if;
• in case - in case;
• when - when;
• while - while, while;
• as soon as (as long as) - as soon as;
• until - until, before;
• after - after;
• before - before;
• unless (if not) - if not.

Please note that the conjunction used does not always help determine A, it is often necessary to do this in order to apply the grammatical rule, which is discussed later in the article. To accurately confirm that this is a sentence with a subordinate condition or time, you need to ask a question to the subordinate part.

Remember also that a sentence can begin with either a main clause or a clause. Is it hard not to get confused? Just pay attention to which part of the sentence the union is in (one or the other from the list above).

What is adventitious time?

This type includes a part that is subordinate to the main one, while answering the questions: “When?”, “How long?”, “How long ago?”, “Since when?”, “Until when?” etc.

To attach clauses of time to the main part, unions are used: when, after, before, until and others with a similar meaning. However, in order to make sure that it is the value of time being expressed, and not some other, it is safest to ask a question.

What is a subordinate condition?

Such grammatical constructions answer the question: “Under what condition?”. They are quite diverse and are joined by unions if, in case, unless, etc. But it does not always guarantee that the meaning of the condition is realized in the sentence. Because in many cases, turnover, for example, with if, is translated not “if”, but “whether”. Compare:

• I'll come if they invite me - I will come if they invite me.
• I don't know if they will invite me - I don't know if they will invite me.

Subordinate clauses in English are found in sentences that take place in the past, present or future tense. In addition, the conditions put forward themselves have a gradation: real, unlikely and unreal. This is best understood with examples.

I type

The subordinate condition belonging to the first type describes a real fact. That is, what really took place in the past, present or future. At the same time, the tense forms of the verb-predicate in the main and subordinate parts usually coincide.

This is clearly seen in the examples.

• Past tense:

If the weather was fine, he went for a walk - If the weather was good, he went for a walk.

• Present tense:

If the weather is fine, he goes for a walk - If the weather is good, he goes (goes) for a walk.

• Future tense:

If the weather is fine, he will go for a walk - If the weather is fine, he will go for a walk.

Only in the last example can you notice that the two parts of the complex sentence do not agree in time (the subordinate clause is in the form of the present, and the main one is in the future). This did not happen by chance, but as a result of a special grammatical rule to which the subordinate tenses and conditions obey. Details will be explained next.

In the meantime, consider the manifestations of the second and third types of subordinate conditions. They are no longer revealed in three grammatical tenses, but acquire the meaning "if, then ...". Moreover, such a hypothetical situation may be relevant both to the present day and to the past.

II type

When the speaker believes that the reality of the fulfillment of the condition is rather small, then a separate speech construction is used. Drawing an analogy with the Russian language, this is the subjunctive ("if only..."). Example:

If the weather was fine, I would go for a walk - If the weather was fine, I would go (went) for a walk.

Note that the situation being described is happening at the time the person is talking about it. This is not a regret about yesterday.

To construct a grammatically correct statement of this type, you need:

• in the subordinate part put the verb-predicate in Past form simple;
• in the main part, use would + (but without the particle to).

III type

In the event that compliance with this condition (and the performance of an action) is considered speaking person as completely impossible, a subordinate condition of a different type comes into play. The impossibility of realizing such a situation is due to the fact that the action has already taken place in the past, and the speaker cannot change its result. And therefore, a complex subordinate condition with a subordinate clause of this type usually expresses regret and lamentation about the circumstances.

If the weather had been fine yesterday, we wouldn't have stayed home. In that case we would have gone for a walk - If the weather had been fine yesterday, we would not have stayed at home. In that case, we would go for a walk.

But there may be another, opposite in meaning, situation. The person thinks about what might have happened, but does not feel regret about it. For example:

If I had overslept, I would have been late - If I overslept, I would be late.

Please note that the entire sentence refers entirely to and expresses the impossibility of committing certain action right then, in the past.

Such a grammatical structure is formed according to the following scheme:

• in the subordinate part, the verb-predicate is put in the Past Perfect form;
• in the main part, would + Perfect Infinitive is used.

What time is used in subordinate clauses?

This question is very serious. A little earlier in the article it was mentioned that it is important to determine the type of subordinate part. And moreover, in this matter it is necessary to focus not on alliances, but on the questions being asked.

The fact is that there is a certain grammatical rule. It is connected with the type of the subordinate clause and the use of the present/future tense in it.

If subordinate clauses answer the questions: “Under what condition will the action be performed?” or “At what time (when) will this happen?”, then they express, respectively, a condition or time. In these types of clauses, the future tense cannot be used (with verb will). Instead, the present is used. Even when the situation clearly refers to the future and it is at this time that it is translated into Russian.

Compare:

• She'll make a cake when you come - She'll make a cake when you come.
• If I get this job, I'll be happy.

As it is easy to see, in last case the given example refers to a variety - a type I subordinate condition. This rule does not apply to the other two types of conditional clauses, since there are completely different constructions for expressing grammatical meaning.

In many situations, complex sentences allow you to better express the speaker's thoughts. Subordinate parts join with the help of special alliances. As the main varieties, adverbial time and adnexal conditions are distinguished.

The English language imposes certain grammatical rules on the use of such structures. To learn them reliably, you need to understand the theory well once, and then do as many exercises as possible so that the example of correct use is fixed in memory. Subsequently, when the need arises, it will automatically appear in speech.