Burdenko biography. Contribution to the development of medicine
Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko was born on June 3, 1876 in the village of Kamenka, Nizhne-Lomovsky district, Penza province (now the city of Kamenka, Penza region). Father - Nil Karpovich, the son of a serf, served as a clerk for a small landowner, and then as a manager of a small estate.
Until 1885, Nikolai Burdenko studied at the Kamensk Zemstvo School, and since 1886 - at the Penza religious school.
In 1891, Nikolai Burdenko entered the Penza Theological Seminary. Having completed it, Burdenko passed the excellent marks entrance exams to the St. Petersburg Theological Academy. However, he abruptly changed his intentions and on September 1, 1897, he went to Tomsk, where he entered the newly opened medical faculty of Tomsk Imperial University. There he became interested in anatomy, and by the beginning of his third year he was appointed assistant prosector. In addition to working in the anatomical theater, he was engaged in operative surgery and willingly and generously helped struggling students.
Nikolai Burdenko took part in the student “riots” that arose at Tomsk University in connection with the movement that swept Russian students in the 1890s. In 1899, Nikolai Burdenko was expelled from Tomsk University for participating in the first Tomsk student strike. He applied for reinstatement and returned to the university. In 1901, his name appeared again on the list of strikers, according to some sources, by accident. However, Burdenko was forced to leave Tomsk and on October 11, 1901, transfer to Yuryev University (now the University of Tartu, Estonia) for the fourth year of the medical faculty.
While studying science, Nikolai Burdenko took Active participation and in student political movement. After participating in a student meeting, he had to interrupt his studies at the university. At the invitation of the zemstvo, he arrived in the Kherson province to treat an epidemic of typhus and acute childhood diseases. Burdenko is here, in my own words, first became involved in practical surgery. After working for almost a year in a colony for children with tuberculosis, thanks to the help of professors, he was able to return to Yuryev University. At the university, Nikolai Burdenko worked in a surgical clinic as an assistant assistant. In Yuryev, he became acquainted with the works of the prominent Russian surgeon Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov, which made a deep impression on him.
In accordance with the order of that time, students and teachers went to fight epidemic diseases. Nikolai Burdenko, as part of such medical teams, participated in the elimination of typhus epidemics, smallpox, scarlet fever.
Russo-Japanese War
Since January 1904, Nikolai Burdenko took part as a volunteer as a medical worker in the Russian-Japanese War. On the fields of Manchuria, student Burdenko was engaged in military field surgery, being a doctor's assistant. As part of the “flying sanitary detachment” he performed the duties of a nurse, paramedic, and doctor in advanced positions. In the battle at Wafangou, while carrying out the wounded under enemy fire, he himself was wounded by a rifle shot in the arm. Awarded soldier's St. George's Cross for their heroism.
Start of a medical career
In December 1904, Burdenko returned to Yuryev to begin preparing for the exams to become a doctor, and in February 1905 he was invited as a trainee doctor to surgery department Riga City Hospital.
In 1906, after graduating from Yuryev University, Nikolai Burdenko brilliantly passed state exams and received a doctor’s diploma with honors.
Since 1907 he worked as a surgeon at the Penza Zemstvo Hospital. He combined medical activities with scientific work and writing a doctoral dissertation. The choice of the dissertation topic - “Materials on the issue of the consequences of venae portae ligation” was determined by the influence of the ideas and discoveries of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. During that period, Nikolai Burdenko wrote five scientific papers on “Pavlovian” topics in the field of experimental physiology and in March 1909 defended his dissertation and received the title of Doctor of Medicine. In the summer of the same year, Nikolai Burdenko went on a business trip abroad, where he spent a year in clinics in Germany and Switzerland.
From June 1910 he became a private associate professor of the Department of Surgery at the Yuryev University Clinic, and from November of the same year - an extraordinary professor in the Department of Operative Surgery, Desmurgy and topographic anatomy.
World War I
In July 1914, with the outbreak of the First World War, Nikolai Burdenko announced his desire to go to the front, and was appointed assistant to the head of the medical unit of the Red Cross under the armies of the Northwestern Front.
In September 1914, he arrived in the active forces as a consultant to the medical unit of the North-Western Front, participated in the offensive on East Prussia, in the Warsaw-Ivangorod operation. Organized dressing and evacuation points and field medical institutions, personally provided emergency surgical care to seriously wounded people on the front lines dressing stations, often coming under fire. Successfully organized the evacuation of more than 25,000 wounded in conditions of military inconsistency and limited medical transport.
To reduce mortality and the number of amputations, Burdenko dealt with the problems of triaging the wounded (so that the wounded were sent precisely to those medical institutions where they could receive qualified assistance), and their speedy transportation to hospitals. High mortality rate of those wounded in the stomach who were transported to long distances, prompted Nikolai Burdenko to organize the possibility of quickly operating on such wounded people closest to the fighting medical institutions Red Cross. Under his leadership, special departments were organized in the infirmaries for those wounded in the stomach, lungs, and skull.
For the first time in field surgery, Nikolai Burdenko used primary processing wounds and sutures for skull injuries, subsequently transferring this method to other areas of surgery. He emphasized that when saving the lives of those wounded in large and especially arterial vessels, the “administrative side” of the matter plays a big role, that is, the organization of surgical care on site. Influenced by the works of Pirogov, N. N. Burdenko carefully studied the organization of sanitary and anti-epidemic services, dealt with issues of military hygiene, sanitary and chemical protection, and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. He participated in the organization of medical and sanitary supplies for troops and field medical institutions, pathological service in the army, and was in charge of the rational distribution of medical personnel.
Since 1915, Nikolai Burdenko was appointed surgeon-consultant of the 2nd Army, and since 1916 - surgeon-consultant of Riga hospitals.
In March 1917, after the February Revolution, Nikolai Burdenko, by order of the army and navy, was appointed “correcting the post of chief military sanitary inspector,” where he was involved in resolving and streamlining certain issues of the medical and sanitary service. Having encountered opposition in matters of reorganization medical service During the reign of the Provisional Government, Burdenko was forced to interrupt his activities in the Main Military Sanitary Directorate in May, and again returned to the active army, where he dealt exclusively with issues of medical medicine.
In the summer of 1917, Nikolai Burdenko was shell-shocked on the front line. Due to health reasons, he returned to Yuryev University and was elected there as head of the department of surgery, which was previously headed by N. I. Pirogov.
Post-revolutionary period
At the end of 1917, Nikolai Burdenko arrived in Yuryev to the position of ordinary professor in the department of the faculty surgical clinic. However, Yuryev was soon occupied by the Germans. Resuming the work of the university, the command of the German army offered Nikolai Burdenko to take a chair at the “Germanized” university, but he refused this offer, and in June 1918, together with other professors, he was evacuated with the property of the Yuryev clinic to Voronezh.
In Voronezh, Nikolai Burdenko became one of the main organizers of the university transferred from Yuryev, continuing his scientific research work. In Voronezh, he took an active part in the organization of military hospitals of the Red Army and served as a consultant to them, taking care of the wounded Red Army soldiers. In January 1920, he organized special courses for students and doctors in military field surgery at Voronezh University. He created a school for paramedical personnel - nurses, where he led pedagogical work. At the same time, Burdenko was involved in organizing civil healthcare and was a consultant to the Voronezh provincial health department. In 1920, on his initiative, the Medical Society named after N.I. Pirogov was established in Voronezh. N. N. Burdenko was elected chairman of this society.
His main research at that time related to the topics of general surgery, neurosurgery and military field surgery. In particular, Burdenko dealt with the issues of prevention and treatment of shock, treatment of wounds and general infections, neurogenic treatment of peptic ulcers, surgical treatment of tuberculosis, blood transfusions, pain relief, etc.
Having accumulated extensive material in the field of treatment of injuries during the First World War nervous system, Burdenko considered it necessary to distinguish neurosurgery as an independent scientific discipline. Having moved from Voronezh to Moscow in 1923, he opened a neurosurgical department at the faculty surgical clinic of Moscow University, becoming a professor of operative surgery. For the next six years, Burdenko was engaged in clinical activities in peacetime conditions. In 1930, this faculty was transformed into the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov. Since 1924, Burdenko was elected director of the surgical clinic at the institute. He led this department and clinic until the end of his life, and now this clinic bears his name.
Since 1929, Nikolai Burdenko became the director of the neurosurgical clinic at the X-ray Institute of the People's Commissariat of Health. On the basis of the neurosurgical clinic of the X-ray Institute, in 1932 the world's first Central Neurosurgical Institute (now the N. N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery) was established with the All-Union Neurosurgical Council attached to it. Neurosurgeons B. G. Egorov, A. A. Arendt, N. I. Irger, A. I. Arunyunov and others, as well as leading representatives of related specialties (neuro-radiologists, neuro-ophthalmologists, otoneurologists) worked at the institute.
Burdenko took part in organizing a network of neurosurgical institutions in the form of clinics and special departments in hospitals throughout the USSR. Since 1935, on his initiative, sessions of the Neurosurgical Council and all-Union congresses of neurosurgeons have been held.
From the first years of Soviet power, Nikolai Burdenko became one of the closest assistants to the head of the Main Military Sanitary Directorate, Zinovy Petrovich Solovyov. became the author of the first “Regulations on the military and sanitary service of the Red Army.” In 1929, on the initiative of Nikolai Burdenko, the Department of Military Field Surgery was created at the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University. Since 1932, he worked as a consultant surgeon, and since 1937 as the chief consultant surgeon at the Sanitary Administration of the Red Army. As chairman of surgical congresses and conferences frequently convened in Moscow, Burdenko invariably set problematic issues military medicine, training of military medical personnel. Based on your combat experience and studying materials from the past, he issued instructions and regulations on certain issues of surgical support for troops, which prepared military medicine for the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
Nikolai Burdenko was a member of the State Academic Council of the Main Directorate vocational education, Chairman of the Academic Medical Council People's Commissariat health care of the USSR. In this position, he was involved in organizing the highest medical education, Soviet high school.
The Second World War. last years of life
In 1939-1940 during Soviet-Finnish war 64-year-old Burdenko went to the front, spending the entire period of hostilities there, and there led the organization of surgical care in the army. Based on the experience of the Soviet-Finnish war, he developed regulations on military field surgery.
In 1941, from the beginning of the Great Patriotic War - chief surgeon of the Red Army. Despite his 65 years, he immediately went into the active army, and subsequently took every opportunity to visit the front. He was involved in organizing assistance to the wounded during the battles near Yartsevo and Vyazma.
To carry out complex operations, Burdenko traveled to regimental and divisional medical battalions and personally performed several thousand operations. Organized work to collect operational information about injuries.
In 1941, Academician Burdenko was shell-shocked for the second time during a bombing while crossing the Neva. At the end of September 1941, near Moscow, while examining a military ambulance train that had arrived from the front, Nikolai Burdenko suffered a stroke. He spent about two months in the hospital, almost completely lost his hearing, and was evacuated first to Kuibyshev, then to Omsk.
Having not yet recovered from the illness, Burdenko in local hospitals was engaged in the treatment of wounded received from the front, and carried out extensive correspondence with advanced front-line surgeons. Based on his observations, he wrote a number of studies, formatting them in the form of nine monographs on issues of military field surgery.
In April 1942, Nikolai Burdenko arrived in Moscow, where he continued his research work, wrote scientific works. In November of the same year he was appointed a member of the Extraordinary state commission to establish and investigate the atrocities of the Nazi invaders; the work of this responsible commission on behalf of the government took him a lot of time and effort.
Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko - military doctor and scientist who laid the foundations of Soviet medicine. He devoted a lot of effort to the development of medical science, training and improvement of health care in the country. But special place His activities included military field surgery.
Nikolai Nilovich was born in 1876 in the village of Kamenka, Penza province, into the family of a clerk. He studied at a theological school, and in 1891 he entered the Penza Theological Seminary.
His parents wanted him to choose spiritual path development. But Nikolai Nilovich himself chose a different path. In 1897 he entered the medical faculty of Tomsk University. In 1899, Burdenko was expelled for participating in a student strike against tsarist autocracy. He applied for reinstatement and returned to the university. But in 1901, Nikolai Nilovich was again included in the list of strikers, so he left Tomsk and transferred to Yuryev University in Tartu for the 4th year of the Faculty of Medicine. It is in this educational institution taught in the thirties of the 19th century by N.I. Pirogov. During his studies, Burdenko became acquainted with the works of Pirogov, which made a great impression on him. The work “Report on a visit to military medical institutions in Germany, Lorraine and Alsace in 1870” influenced his interest in military field surgery.
In 1904, while a student, Nikolai Nilovich went to Russian-Japanese war. There he worked as a regimental orderly and an operating paramedic. In the battle near Wafangau, Burdenko was wounded in the arm while helping the wounded. For his heroism he was awarded the soldier's St. George's Cross.
In December 1904, Burdenko returned to the university and graduated in 1906. Since 1907, Nikolai Nilovich worked as a surgeon at the Penza Zemstvo Hospital. While working in the hospital, he conducted scientific activities. I.P. showed particular interest in Burdenko. Pavlov. He closely followed the growth of the young scientist and invited Nikolai Nilovich to his laboratory. But Burdenko preferred surgery:
“Surgery, and especially military field surgery, is my life’s work...”
In March 1909, Nikolai Nilovich defended his dissertation devoted to the study of the consequences of ligation of the portal vein - the veins that supply blood to the liver for filtration. When writing his work, he often consulted with I.P. Pavlov. Nikolai Nilovich recalls:
“I was under the spell of the works of I.P. Pavlov, which were the basis for my philosophical thinking. In his scientific works, Pavlov always followed the motto: do not invent, do not invent, but look for what makes and brings nature. I decided to be guided by this in my life and imitate Pavlov."
Before World War I, Nikolai Nilovich visited Germany and Switzerland. He studied the finest structures nervous system and became acquainted with the latest methods of treating bone tuberculosis.
After the outbreak of the First World War, Burdenko was sent to Northwestern Front, where he worked as a surgeon in hospitals, performing operations on the most complex gunshot wounds.
The war influenced his role in organizing the military medical service. Nikolai Nilovich improved surgical care and the process of removing the wounded from the battlefield, observing the principles of N.I. Pirogov during sorting with evacuation to destination. Burdenko suggested, like N.V. Sklifosovsky, create special reserves of surgeons. Soon they were created separate companies medical enhancement. They were widely used during the Great Patriotic War.
Nikolai Nilovich came to the conclusion that it was necessary to streamline the evacuation of the wounded to provide qualified assistance and provide first aid in the medical institutions closest to the fighting. Under his leadership, special departments were created in the infirmaries for those wounded in the stomach, chest and skull. This was reflected in the specialization in providing assistance, which received great development during the Great Patriotic War.
During the revolution, Nikolai Nilovich sided with the Republic of Soviets. In May 1918 he took the position of dean of the medical faculty at Voronezh University and headed the surgical department.
In January 1920, Nikolai Nilovich created special courses in military field surgery. He also created a school for paramedical personnel - nurses.
In 1923, Burdenko moved to Moscow. There he became the head of the department of operative surgery and topographic anatomy of the medical faculty of the First Moscow State University. Later he headed the department of faculty surgery.
Nikolai Nilovich was looking for answers to various questions of clinical medicine. He was interested in the occurrence and development of gastric ulcers.
"He looked at it from the perspective of the theory of nervism"
Special attention Burdenko devoted to the study of traumatic shock. He attracted many specialists to study this problem. Ultimately, recommendations were formulated for the prevention and treatment of traumatic shock. They were actively used during the Great Patriotic War.
One of Burdenko’s main achievements is the organization of neurosurgical care in the country and the creation in Moscow of the largest specialized center
, which bears his name today. Nikolai Nilovich has achieved great success in improving brain surgery. He attracted to scientific work There is a wide range of experts on this issue. The result of this work was an improvement in the quality of diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system.
In 1940, the international situation worsened. Burdenko reported the need to draw up instructions and guidelines for military field surgery. In 1940-1941, at courses, meetings and conferences, he promoted the basic organizational principles of the military medical service.
A huge role in shaping the views of Soviet surgeons was played by the “Instructions for Military Field Surgery” and “Instructions for the Treatment of the Wounded in Rear Hospitals,” written under the leadership of Nikolai Nilovich. These documents established uniform principles for organizing the treatment of the wounded, as well as the volume and nature of surgical care at various stages of medical evacuation.
After the outbreak of war in 1941, Burdenko appointed chief surgeon of the Red Army. Despite his age and health problems, from the first days of the war he was on West direction. During his time at the front, Burdenko visited more than 40 hospitals. In every hospital he stood at the operating table and saved the lives of the wounded. At every opportunity, the chief physician of the Soviet army taught, showed and helped his colleagues.
At the end of 1941, Burdenko lost his hearing and speech after a stroke. While in the Omsk hospital, he learned to speak again. In November 1942, Nikolai Nilovich was appointed a member of the Extraordinary State Commission to establish and investigate the atrocities of the Nazi invaders. In 1943 he was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor.
In 1944, on the initiative of Burdenko, the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was created. In the same year, M. N. Akhutin was appointed deputy chief surgeon of the Red Army. In July 1945, Nikolai Nilovich suffered a second stroke. In 1946 - the third.
In October 1946, he took part in the XXV All-Union Congress of Surgeons. Burdenko presented a report " Modern problem about the wound and treatment,” but I could not read it myself.
“After the congress, N.N. Burdenko wrote on a piece of paper: “This report is my swan song; I won't live to see the next congress."
When writing the article, materials from Vladimir Kovanov’s book “Soldiers of Immortality” were used.
In 1906, the medical faculty of Yuryev (Tartu) University awarded Burdenko the diploma of “doctor with honors.” The thirty-year-old doctor had passed by this time big school life. He, a student from a poor family, had to work a lot. More than once he went to villages to fight epidemics of typhus, smallpox, and scarlet fever. But hard work did not alienate him from his comrades. During his student years, Nikolai Burdenko was the soul of all gatherings and demonstrations of revolutionary-minded students.
Of the medical sciences, the young doctor was most interested in surgery. While still a student, he became interested in the legacy of the great Pirogov, read the works of the remarkable surgeon, and wrote articles about him. N.I. Pirogov - a scientific thinker, the creator of military field surgery (wartime surgery) - remained Burdenko's ideal until the end of his life.
The First World War broke out. Burdenko, a recognized scientist and surgeon, applied for “leave for the duration of the war” and hurried to the front. He takes part in combat operations, creates hospitals and dressing and evacuation points, manages Red Cross institutions, teaches young doctors, and operates himself. Burdenko was especially concerned that, due to poorly organized assistance, many soldiers were dying from bleeding. More than once the professor himself walked around the battlefield to find the wounded and prevent their death.
A front-line scientist, Burdenko continually encountered opposition from officials at the head of the tsarist army. Only Soviet authority gave the opportunity to widely develop his organizational and scientific talent. In the 20s and 30s, friends and students saw Professor Burdenko in a civilian suit, but the scientist did not forget about the sad experience of past wars. He compiled the first “Regulations on the military and sanitary service of the Red Army” in our country. He ensured that Soviet military doctors received the most advanced medicines and instruments, so that they could provide the fastest medical care.
In 1934, on the initiative of Burdenko, the world's first neurosurgical institute was created in Moscow.
It was born and flourished here new science- neurosurgery - surgery of the brain and nerve trunks.
Burdenko was especially interested in the treatment of brain tumors. With penetrating eyes and a “smart” knife, Nikolai Nilovich penetrated deeper into the human brain every year and reached tumors that were previously considered inaccessible. Before Burdenko, brain operations were performed rarely and were rare throughout the world. A Soviet neurosurgeon developed more simple methods carrying out these operations and thereby made them widespread. In addition, he proposed a number of original operations that had never been performed before. Thousands of people were saved from death and serious illnesses thanks to the fact that Professor Burdenko discovered the possibility of
torment operations on the dura mater spinal cord, transplant sections of nerves, operate on the deepest and most critical areas of the spinal cord and brain. Surgeons from England, the USA, Sweden and other countries specially came to Moscow to get acquainted with new ideas and learn from the Soviet scientist how to perform these complex operations. In 1941, for outstanding work on surgery of the nervous system, the government awarded Burdenko the State Prize of the first degree .
Burdenko's ability to work was amazing. He wrote half-jokingly: “Those who work are always young. Sometimes it seems to me: maybe work produces special hormones that increase vital impulse?”
Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko passionately loved his people, his homeland. He gave all his strength and all his talent to them. In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Nikolai Nilovich was appointed to the post of Chief Surgeon of the Red Army. He is seen in hospitals in Leningrad, and near Pskov, and in Smolensk, recaptured from the enemy, and in other front-line and front-line areas. He collects a huge amount of material about wounds and creates a doctrine of the battle wound. In letters to the heads of the military medical service, Burdenko demands the use of the latest and most effective methods of treatment.
At the head of a team of doctors, he personally tests new drugs in front-line hospitals - streptocide, sulfidine, penicillin. Soon, at his insistence, these wonderful medicines began to be used by surgeons in all military hospitals. Many thousands of wounded soldiers and officers were saved thanks to the incessant scientific research carried out by Burdenko throughout the war.
When did the Great Patriotic War, Nikolai Nilovich was already 65 years old. In 1941, while crossing the Neva, he came under bombardment and was shell-shocked. Years, hard work, previous wounds and concussions took their toll. One after another, he suffered two cerebral hemorrhages. But Burdenko’s heroic body did not give up. Overcoming illness, Nikolai Nilovich worked tirelessly. In 1944, according to a plan developed by Burdenko, the Soviet government created the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Nikolai Nilovich was elected the first president of the young academy.
In the summer of 1946 he suffered a third cerebral hemorrhage. It would seem that this is the end. But, near death, he writes a report on gunshot wounds. One of Burdenko’s employees read this report to the delegates of the XXV All-Union Congress of Surgeons. The congress delegates listened to him with deep emotion. “I bow to the will of this man...” said one of the leading Soviet surgeons. That was Burdenko's "swan song". Ten days later he was gone.
Academician Burdenko left a great legacy to his homeland. He wrote more than 400 scientific papers, which to this day help doctors treat many serious diseases.
I want to dwell on the personality of a prominent medical scientist, one of the founders domestic neurosurgery, general of medical service, first president of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko. The urn with his ashes was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
The article focuses on the death, farewell and funeral of Academician Nikolai Burdenko, and provides material from the press of that period.
Biographical information:
BURDENKO Nikolay Nilovich [22nd of May(June 3) 1876
, village Kamenka Nizhnelomovsky district, now Penza region, - November 11, 1946, Moscow], Soviet surgeon, one of the founders of neurosurgery, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1939), academician and first president of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1944-1946). Colonel General of the Medical Service. Hero of Socialist Labor (1943). Member of the CPSU since 1939. In 1906 he graduated from the university in Yuryev (now Tartu); since 1910 professor at this university. From 1918 he was a professor at Voronezh University and from 1923 a professor at the Faculty of Medicine at Moscow University (from 1930 - the 1st Moscow Medical Institute), where until the end of his life he headed the faculty surgical clinic, now named after Burdenko. Since 1929, director of the neurosurgical clinic at the X-ray Institute of the People's Commissariat of Health, on the basis of which the Central Neurosurgical Institute was established in 1934 (now the Institute of Neurosurgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences named after N. N. Burdenko). Since 1937 chief consultant surgeon Soviet army. He was one of the first to introduce surgery of the central and peripheral nervous system into clinical practice; investigated the cause and methods of treating shock, contributed a lot to the study of processes occurring in the central and peripheral nervous system in connection with surgery and acute injuries; developed bulbotomy - an operation in the upper part of the spinal cord. Burdenko created an original school of surgeons with a clearly expressed experimental direction. The valuable contribution of Burdenko and his school to the theory and practice of neurosurgery was work in the field of oncology of the central and autonomic nervous system, pathology of liquor circulation, cerebral circulation, etc. Burdenko was one of the most active organizers and builders of Soviet healthcare. He paid special attention to the organization of military medical affairs. Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the 16th convocation. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st and 2nd convocations. USSR State Prize (1941). Awarded 3 Orders of Lenin, 3 other orders, as well as medals. Honorary Member of the International Society of Surgeons, London Royal Society. The name of Burdenko was given to the Main Military Hospital of the USSR Armed Forces. The Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR established a prize named after. N. N. Burdenko, awarded for best works in neurosurgery or military field surgery.
Op. : Collection soch., vol. 1 - 7, M.. 1950 - 52.
Lit.: Bagdasaryan S. M., Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko, M., 1954.
Published by:
Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko On November 11, 1946, Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Academician Nikolai Nilovich died Burdenko.
Mitirev G. A., Priorov N. N., Krotkov F. G., Kuznetsov A. Ya., Kovrigina M. D., Published by: Founder of Soviet neurosurgery
Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko died. Soviet and world science lost its outstanding representative, who adorned it with talented creativity and huge, ebullient practical activities.
Full member of the Academy Published by: From the Council of Ministers of the USSR The Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks announce with deep regret the death of the outstanding Russian scientist-surgeon, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor, chief surgeon of the Armed Forces of the USSR, colonel general, academician Burdenko Nikolai Nilovich, who followed on November 11, 1946 at the age of 69. In the Council of Ministers of the USSR On perpetuating the memory of the outstanding Russian scientist-surgeon, academician The USSR Council of Ministers decided: Published by: From the funeral committee The coffin with the body of Academician N. N. Burdenko was installed in the hall of the Institute of Neurosurgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (5th Tverskaya-Yamskaya, building No. 5). Published by: At the tomb of N. N. Burdenko
The Central Neurosurgical Institute is in mourning. In the conference hall of the institute, on a high pedestal, entwined with crepe and scarlet plush, there is a coffin with the body of an outstanding Russian scientist-surgeon, Hero of Socialist Labor, Academician Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko. *
Today access to the institute hall is from 8 to 11 am. A civil funeral service will take place at 12 noon. Cremation at 3 p.m. Published by: Funeral of N. N. Burdenko
Yesterday, the working people of the capital buried the outstanding Soviet scientist, academician Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko. Published by:
(Obituary)
In the person of Nikolai Nilovich Soviet science suffered an exceptionally difficult loss. One cannot talk about N. N. Burdenko as just a major specialist surgeon, because the range of his entire scientific activity huge, limitless.
N. N. Burdenko was born in 1878 in the village of Kamenka, Penza province. From a young age, Nikolai Nilovich's life was full of worries and difficulties. Studying at the university (Yuryev, Tomsk) was interrupted due to the fact that Nikolai Nilovich could not put up with the arbitrariness of the tsarist regime. He was expelled from the university and spent these years of exile working in the village as a paramedic or in the war, working as an orderly (Japanese War).
After graduating from Yuryev University, Nikolai Nilovich attracted the attention of professors and very soon, five years after graduation, he took the department in Yuryev.
First world war N. N. Burdenko moved from Yuryev to Voronezh, where Yuryev University was transferred. Here Nikolai Nilovich began his journey as a scientist, professor and surgeon.
Having started his medical and professorial career as a general surgeon, Nikolai Nilovich very soon left the usual framework of a specialist.
N. N. Burdenko introduced a lot of new ideas into issues of general surgery and applied these ideas in practice, in particular in military field surgery. In addition, Nikolai Nilovich showed with his works that modern surgery can develop in collaboration with a number of disciplines, such as physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pathological anatomy and pathophysiology.
In general surgery N. N. Burdenko is known for his deep scientific concepts in such problems as shock, treatment of wounds and general infections, neurogenic interpretation of peptic ulcer disease and much more.
N. N. Burdenko is the founder of Soviet neurosurgery. He is known for his theoretical work and the improvement of practice and surgical technique, which gave him the opportunity to penetrate the most intimate places of the central nervous system. In military field surgery, N. N. Burdenko proved himself to be such an energetic and proactive organizer and administrator that without exaggeration he can be considered the heir and successor of Pirogov in modern military field surgery.
N. N. Burdenko was a true Soviet scientist who had a sense of what was new in science. All of him scientific ideas were not unfounded hypotheses, his concepts in science were associated with action, with practice. Nikolai Nilovich devoted his entire life to that science, which was not fenced off from life, from practice.
N. N. Burdenko was a world-famous scientist. He was the initiator, organizer and first president of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
Nikolai Nilovich also showed his boundless enthusiasm in training specialists. Combining in his multifaceted, rich, talented, gifted personality the qualities of a great scientist and teacher. Nikolai Nilovich was also distinguished by his exceptional organizational skills. For many years he held the most responsible post of Chief Surgeon of the USSR Armed Forces.
N. N. Burdenko could not tolerate a state of inaction; he worked and created without rest, sparing his strength. Nikolai Nilovich was noted for his high merits honorary title Hero of Socialist Labor.
N. N. Burdenko throughout his life, with all his vigorous activity, showed that his personal was always of secondary importance in life. He put above all the interests of science, the interests of the homeland, the interests Soviet man, - which is typical of a Soviet citizen, a Bolshevik. These qualities Soviet citizen, devoting his strength for the good of his homeland, for the good of the state and the party, brought Nikolai Nilovich into the ranks of the All-Union Communist Party(Bolsheviks).
The government highly appreciated his multifaceted social, political, scientific and pedagogical activity, awarding him several orders of the Soviet Union.
The memory of N.N. Burdenko will remain forever in the history of medicine and in the history of the socialist Soviet state.
Shabanov A. N., Petrov B. D., Zhukov N. G., Vavilov S. I., Bruevich N. G.,
Orbeli L. A., Khrulev A. V., Smirnov E. I., Redkin M. I., Beletsky G. N.,
Sapozhkov P. I., Kaftanov S. V., Kochergin I. G., Anichkov N. N.,
Abrikosov A. I., Davydovsky I. V., Rufanov I. G., Zbarsky B. I., Salishchev V. E.,
Semashko N. A., Likhachev A. G., Smirnov L. V., Egorov B. G., Busalov A. A.
Love to scientific research, inextricably linked with broad practical activities, was characteristic feature Nikolai Nilovich. Everyone who met him had deep respect and exceptional admiration for his enormous thirst for scientific creativity, which never left N.N. Burdenko. Just a few days ago, at the third session of the Academy of Medical Sciences, the report of N. N. Burdenko was heard with great interest, summing up rich experience practical work, performed by Nikolai Nilovich together with his students during the war.
N. N. Burdenko was a very versatile scientist and a major organizer of Soviet medical science. But his talent manifested itself with particular force in the creation of the doctrine of military field surgery and neurosurgery, the founder of which in our country was N. N. Burdenko. We rightfully personify N. N. Burdenko with another great Russian surgeon - N. I. Pirogov.
Already having a huge theoretical and practical experience general surgical work, participant in many wars N. N. Burdenko upon completion civil war with his characteristic courage and determination, he took on the task of mastering a new, almost completely unstudied area of surgery and neurology at that time - neurosurgery. Brain operations in those days were very rare, and not every surgeon dared to perform them. They required not only complex surgical techniques, but also excellent knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord and brain. A brilliant expert in topographic anatomy, N. N. Burdenko, at the beginning of his neurosurgical activity, first carefully tested his surgical technique on corpses and animals. This allowed him to do complex operations with brilliance and technical perfection. The techniques he introduced have become classic and are now used by hundreds of Soviet and foreign surgeons.
The Central Neurosurgical Institute, organized by N. N. Burdenko, became the center of this branch of medical science and was a school for many Soviet doctors. Without exaggeration, we can say that the successes of neurosurgery during the Second World War are inextricably linked with the name of the outstanding scientist N. N. Burdenko.
Having operated on many hundreds of patients suffering from severe lesions of the brain and spinal cord, N. N. Burdenko always remained in the position of a great experimenter. His clinical work constantly overlapped with interesting experimental work on animals. This includes studies of the mechanism of traumatic, in particular bullet, damage to the skull and brain, the study of cerebral edema, etc. In the field of neurosurgery, Nikolai Nilovich created a number of new methodological techniques included in world literature under the name “Burdenko method”. I mean the replacement “according to Burdenko” of a defect in the dura mater by layer-by-layer splitting it, the brilliant neurosurgical technique of “bulbotomy”, etc. All these methods allow surgeons to penetrate the innermost secrets of the brain and thereby alleviate the suffering of patients.
Academician N. N. Burdenko left numerous scientific works, which are an invaluable contribution not only to neurosurgery, but also to medical science in general. The death of N. N. Burdenko is a heavy loss for all medical workers, for the entire Soviet country. But his enormous scientific and practical heritage will be developed and multiplied by numerous students and followers. They will do this for the benefit of our homeland, for the benefit of all humanity.
Medical Sciences of the USSR
Prof. N. I. GRASHCHENKOV.
and the Central Committee of the CPSU(b)
N. N. Burdenko and about providing for his family
1 . Name Academician Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko:
a) faculty surgical clinic of the 1st Moscow Order of Lenin Medical Institute, the head of which was the late academician N. N. Burdenko;
b) the Institute of Neurosurgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, the founder and director of which was the late academician N. N. Burdenko;
c) The Main Military Hospital of the USSR Armed Forces.
2. Install busts of Academician N. N. Burdenko:
a) on the territory of the 1st Moscow Order of Lenin Medical Institute;
b) on the territory of the Institute of Neurosurgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences;
c) in the conference hall of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
3. Install memorial plaques in Voronezh on the building of the surgical clinic of the Voronezh Medical Institute, where the late academician N.N. Burdenko worked, and in Tartu, Estonian SSR, on the building of Tartu State University, where the late academician N.N. Burdenko studied and worked.
4. Establish three annual prizes named after Academician N.N. Burdenko for the best work in surgery, 20 thousand rubles each, awarded by the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
5. Establish scholarships named after academician N. N. Burdenko for students in the amount of 400 rubles per month each:
a) two scholarships at the 1st Moscow Order of Lenin Medical Institute;
b) two scholarships at the Voronezh Medical Institute;
c) one scholarship at the Faculty of Medicine of Tartu State University.
6. Establish doctoral scholarships named after Academician N. N. Burdenko in the amount of 1,300 rubles each:
a) one scholarship at the biological department of the USSR Academy of Sciences;
b) two scholarships at the Institute of Neurosurgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
7. Oblige the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR during 1947-1949. publish the works of N. N. Burdenko.
8. Establish a pension for the wife of the late academician N.N. Burdenko, Maria Emilievna Burdenko, in accordance with the Resolution of the Council People's Commissars USSR dated December 28, 1943 No. 1435 and give her a one-time benefit in the amount of 70 thousand rubles.
9. Establish a pension of 700 rubles per month each for life for the sisters of academician N. N. Burdenko - Olga Nilovna Burdenko and Varvara Nilovna Chernyavskaya and give them a one-time allowance of 15,000 rubles.
Establish a pension of 500 rubles per month for the granddaughter of academician N.N. Burdenko, Tatyana Burdenko, until graduation higher education.
10. The funeral of Academician N. N. Burdenko will be held at the expense of the state.
Academician N. N. Burdenko
Access to the institute hall for farewell to the deceased is open on November 13 from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m.; November 14 – from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m.
The civil funeral service will take place on November 14 at 12 noon. The removal of the body from the Institute of Neurosurgery is at 14:00. Cremation is at 3 p.m.
At the foot of the coffin there is a huge wreath from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, a wreath from the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR, along the walls there are numerous wreaths from scientific and public organizations– Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Pedagogical Academy RSFSR and the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, the organizer and first president of which was N. N. Burdenko.
Numerous scientists, medical workers, friends and students came to say goodbye to the deceased. Employees of the Main Military Medical Directorate, military doctors of the Soviet Army, and employees of the Main Military Hospital of the Armed Forces of the USSR named after N. N. Burdenko came to pay their last respects to the one who was the chief surgeon of the Armed Forces of the USSR for many years.
To the sad sounds of a funeral march, workers of the First Moscow Medical Institute, where N. N. Burdenko headed the faculty surgical clinic for many years and where he nurtured hundreds of surgeons now working in the cities and villages of the Soviet Union, pass by the coffin.
A military guard stood at the head of the coffin. Nearby, scientists and generals, Soviet and party workers, medical personnel of hospitals, institutes and clinics replace each other in the guard of honor.
Delegations of scientists and medical institutions, representatives of the Shcherbakovsky district of the capital, who elected N. N. Burdenko as their deputy in The Supreme Council THE USSR.
The mountain of wreaths grows every hour. They are laid by delegations of doctors of the Georgian SSR, representatives of the Academies of Sciences of the Union Republics, and a delegation of the Main Military Hospital of the Armed Forces of the USSR.
Wreaths are laid at the foot of the coffin from the Moscow Council of Working People's Deputies, from the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences S.I. Vavilov, from the President of the Academy of Medical Sciences, Lieutenant General of the Medical Service N.N. Anichkov, from friends, students and relatives of the deceased.
Yesterday, the conference hall of the Neurosurgical Institute was visited by thousands of workers who paid their last respects to the remarkable son of the Russian people, Soviet scientist and statesman, with all their wonderful life who set an example of service to his homeland.
Academicians and professors, generals and medical service officers, doctors and university professors, and employees of medical institutions came to pay their last respects to the deceased.
At 12 noon the civil funeral service began.
The Deputy Minister of Health of the USSR, Professor N.N. Priorov, spoke. He talks about the heavy loss that the Soviet country suffered.
“Death tore from our ranks,” said Professor Priorov, “a great scientist, a brilliant teacher, an outstanding organizer and statesman. He devoted all his knowledge and strength to science. His vigorous activity was entirely aimed at benefiting his homeland.
The floor is given to the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Academician S.I. Vavilov. He says that the Soviet country has lost wonderful person, a talented scientist, creator of domestic neurosurgery. Particularly important were the works of N. N. Burdenko on military field surgery. He knew about the needs of the wounded on the battlefield and in his activities did everything to alleviate the fate.
The head of the Main Military Medical Directorate of the Armed Forces of the USSR, Colonel General of the Medical Service E. I. Smirnov, delivers a heartfelt, emotional speech. He talks about life path this wonderful son of his homeland, that he never rested on his laurels.
Then speeches were made from the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR by its vice-president P. A. Kupriyanov, from the council of professors of the First Moscow Medical Institute, Hero of Socialist Labor B. I. Zbarsky, from the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR, Professor I. G. Kochergin, from the workers of Shcherbakovsky constituency worker-Stakhanovite G.P. Kubynin and others.
The civil funeral service is over. Friends and associates carry the coffin out of the building of the Neurosurgical Institute.
To the sounds of a funeral march, the funeral procession, accompanied by an honorary military escort, heads to the crematorium. The last military honor is given to the late Colonel General N. N. Burdenko: a triple rifle salvo thunders.
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