What to do the injection was sick. How to give an injection in the buttock: a very detailed instruction

It happens that you need to give an injection, but there is no doctor nearby. And you have to turn to relatives and those who are nearby. There are craftsmen who can give injections to themselves, but this is not a very good idea, if only because it is inconvenient. It is better to give instructions to a person who is ready to help with the procedure.

Step 1. Prepare everything you need

Soap. Doesn't have to be antibacterial.

Towel. It should be clean, and better - disposable.

Plate. It will need to lay down all the tools. At home, it is difficult to disinfect the surface of the table, for example, so you need to work from a plate. It must be washed with soap and wiped with an antiseptic - an alcohol wipe or cotton wool with alcohol or chlorhexidine.

Gloves. At home, gloves are often neglected, but in vain. Since there is no question of any sterility, gloves are especially needed to protect both the patient and the one giving the injection from the transmission of infections.

Syringes. The volume of the syringe must match the volume of the medicine. If the medicine needs to be diluted, then keep in mind that it is better to take a larger syringe.

Needles. They will be needed if the medicine needs to be diluted. For example, if a dry preparation is sold in an ampoule with a rubber cap, then it is diluted as follows:

The solvent is drawn into the syringe.
The rubber cap is pierced with a needle, the solvent is released into the ampoule.
Shake the ampoule without removing the needle to dissolve the medicine.
Draw the solution back into the syringe.

After that, the needle must be changed, because the one that has already pierced the rubber cover is not suitable for an injection: it is not sharp enough.

Antiseptic or alcohol wipes. You need alcohol 70%, an antiseptic based on it or chlorhexidine. For the home, disposable alcohol wipes, which are sold at any pharmacy, are best.

Place for garbage. Somewhere you have to put the waste material: packaging, lids, napkins. It is better to immediately dump them into a separate box, basket, or wherever it is convenient for you, so that all this does not fall on a plate with clean tools.

Step 2. Learn to wash your hands

You will have to wash your hands three times: before collecting the instruments, before the injection and after the procedure. If that seems like a lot, then it seems to you.

Lifehacker wrote about how to properly wash your hands. This one has all the basic movements, but add a couple more to them: separately lather each finger on both hands and wrists.

Step 3. Prepare the site

Select comfortable spot so that you can put a plate with tools and easily reach it. Another required attribute- good lighting.

It does not matter how the person who is given the injection is located. He can stand or lie down, whichever is more convenient for him. But the one who injects should also be comfortable so that the hands do not shake and do not have to pull the needle during the injection. So choose a position that suits everyone.

If you are afraid to prick in the wrong place, draw a hefty cross right on the buttock before the procedure.

First, draw a vertical line in the middle of the buttocks, then a horizontal one. The upper outer corner is where you can stab. If you're still scared, draw a circle in that corner. At least an old lipstick or a cosmetic pencil is suitable for artistic painting, just make sure that the particles of these products do not get into the injection site.

While the patient lies and is afraid, we begin the procedure.

Step 4. Do it right

Wash your hands and plate.
Clean your hands and plate with antiseptic. Throw away the cotton wool or napkin immediately after processing.
Open five alcohol wipes or make as many cotton balls with antiseptic. Put them on a plate.
Get the medicine vial and syringe, but don't open them yet.
Wash your hands.
Put on gloves and treat them with an antiseptic.
Take the ampoule with the medicine, treat it with an antiseptic and open it. Place the ampoule on a plate.
Open the syringe package.
Open the needle and draw the medicine into the syringe.
Turn the syringe with the needle up and release the air.
Treat the buttock of the patient with a napkin with alcohol or an antiseptic. First, a large area. Then take another napkin and wipe the place where you will inject. Movements for processing - from the center to the periphery or from the bottom up, in one direction.
Take the syringe in any way that suits you. The needle should be perpendicular to the skin. Insert the needle in one motion. It is not necessary to drive it all the way so as not to break it: 0.5–1 cm should remain outside.
Enter the medicine. Take your time, make sure that the syringe and needle do not dangle or twitch. You can hold the syringe with one hand and press the plunger with the other.
Take the last alcohol pad or cotton swab, apply it near the injection site and pull the needle out in one motion to quickly press the wound.
Do not rub anything with a napkin, just press and hold.
Throw away used tools.
Wash your hands.

If the injection is painful, inject the medicine slowly. It seems that the faster, the sooner the person is tormented, but in fact, a slow introduction is more comfortable. average speed- 1 ml in 10 seconds.

Do not be afraid to once again treat the ampoule, hands or skin with an antiseptic. It's better to overdo it than underdo it.

If you need to change needles after taking medication, do not remove the cap from a new one until you have installed it on the syringe. Otherwise, you can get stuck. For the same reason, never try to cover the needle with a cap if you have already removed it.

If you don’t know how hard to stick the needle in, practice at least on chicken fillet. Just to understand that it's not scary.

When it is impossible to give an injection without specialists

If the drug was not prescribed by a doctor. In general, it is not necessary to engage in self-treatment, and even more so with injections, even if for some reason you want to “prick vitamins”. The drug, its dosage, how to dilute it - this is all set by the doctor, and only he.
If the patient has never taken this drug before. Many medicines have side effects and may cause unwanted reactions. Medicines that are administered through injections enter the blood faster, therefore, reactions to them appear quickly and strongly. Therefore, the first injection is best done in medical institution and do not rush to run away from there, but wait 5-10 minutes so that everything is in order. If something goes wrong, the clinic will help, but at home you can not cope.
When it is possible to use the services of doctors, but do not want to. An intramuscular injection is short and inexpensive, and homemade activities can end, so it will not be possible to save either money or time.
When the person requiring the injection has HIV, hepatitis, or other blood-borne infections, or if it is not known whether the person has these infections (no valid certificate). In this case, it is better to entrust the matter to specialists in order to eliminate the risk of infection: doctors have more experience, and they then dispose of the tools as expected.
If you are very scared and your hands are shaking so that you do not hit the patient.

Update: October 2018

Before you give yourself an intramuscular injection in the buttock, make sure that it is not possible to call a nurse from the clinic or a nearby living health worker. In case of urgent need, it is possible to inject yourself, but subject to certain rules.

Preparatory stage

Before the first injection, you should acquire all the necessary attributes:

syringes - specially designed for intramuscular injection, with a long needle and a volume of 2 to 5 cubes (cm3);
medicine prescribed by a doctor– in solution or powder (requiring additional dilution);
cotton pads, balls or sterile medical cotton wool;
antiseptic solution- "Miramistin", "Chlorhexidine", special wipes or solutions for injection, in worst case- vodka, alcohol cologne will do.

Medical alcohol is more difficult to obtain - it is sold in minimal bottles and requires a doctor's prescription.

Training stage

As an object of training, any children's soft toy is suitable. The main thing is that she has a clearly marked treasured area - the gluteal region. Laying her face down, mentally divide one of the buttocks into four parts - quadrants. The center of the upper right (on the right buttock) or upper left (on the left) will be the area into which the needle must be inserted.

You should take the syringe with the needle in your right hand and try to insert the needle with one light push (pop). The syringe above the buttock is in a vertical position. The problem is precisely the moment of puncture - then the needle enters freely.

Exactly the same sensation occurs when injected into a person's muscles - an obstacle in the form of skin and facilitated passage of muscle tissue.

Introduction rules

The choice of the injection site within the outer-upper quadrant of the buttocks implies:

avoidance of repeated injections into already compacted and previously stabbed areas,
in moles, hemangiomas,
clearly translucent capillaries.

In order to properly inject intramuscularly into the buttock, you need:

Wash hands thoroughly with soap. If the nails are manicured (long, with helium overlays), then the area under them should be washed with a special brush. The space under the nails is a place of mass accumulation of all pathogenic bacteria.
Take three balls (cotton pads).
Moisten the first ball in an antiseptic solution, wipe your hands thoroughly (not forgetting the nails).
Open the package with the syringe. Without touching the cannula of the needle, gently assemble. Put on the table (in the package).
If a medicinal product contained in the ampoule, then the second ball is taken, moistened in an antiseptic. It is carefully applied to the top of the ampoule (provided that the factory notch is indicated by a dot), it breaks. If necessary, you can file the head of the ampoule with a special nail file (comes with the medication).
The syringe is removed, the cap is removed from it. The needle is inserted into the ampoule (without touching its walls and bottom), the medicine is drawn up. Get rid of excess air - gently squeezing it out with a piston.
The third ball wipes the area of \u200b\u200bthe future injection. They take the arm back a little - by three to five centimeters and with a slight cotton, they inject. The injection site is chosen in advance - you can draw a dot on it with iodine to facilitate the task.
After the injection of the drug, the area where the needle entered is pressed with a cotton ball, then it is removed. The cotton pad is kept for about a minute.
The injection site must be constantly changed - to prevent the formation of solid areas. Doctors recommend drawing an iodine grid on the skin from the first injection - as a warm-up and additional disinfection.
If the drug is in the form of a powder, then the procedure is extended by one step. The ampoule with the solution is opened in the same order, the protective foil is removed from the bottle cap, the rubberized cap is disinfected with an antiseptic. The liquid collected in the ampoule is injected into the vial, the contents are thoroughly mixed (it is strictly forbidden to separate the syringe from the needle at this moment). After obtaining a homogeneous liquid, the contents of the vial are drawn into the syringe, further administration takes place according to the usual scheme.

After the injection, all used balls, syringes must be disposed of.

Basic Mistakes

Incorrectly selected insertion angle- Intramuscular injections are always carried out at an angle of 90 degrees. If the parameters are changed, the drug will enter the subcutaneous fat and will not have the necessary effect.
Slow, leisurely insertion of the needle- causes excruciating pain and subsequent hysterical fear of injections.
Bringing the needle out at a different angle- a change in direction threatens with a broken tip of the needle and a subsequent visit to the trauma center to remove it.
Violation of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis. Poorly washed hands, insufficiently cleaned injection site will cause local inflammatory response with the formation of pus, necrosis and the need for long-term antibiotic treatment (also in the form of injections). Worst case- surgical excision of dead tissues of the buttocks, scars and scars in their place (see).
Wrong procedure- A “successful” hit in the sciatic nerve will tell the victim how wheelchair users feel. The sensitivity of the affected limb can be restored from 4 to 48 hours. All this time, the leg will not obey - it is impossible to stand on it, bend it.
Permanent single point injections- will cause spontaneous scarring, which will require lengthy physiotherapy procedures for recovery. The worst outcome is surgical removal of the problem area.

The above errors are among the most common, in fact the list is endless. Anyone who has given an intramuscular injection incorrectly quickly realizes that injection instructions are not written by chance.

Where can I get an injection other than the buttocks?

In medical practice, it is allowed to carry out manipulations in the thigh and arm. In both cases, an extensive fold is created with the free hand, into which the injection is carried out.

In reality, this type of intramuscular procedure is more painful and requires extra care - with the wrong technique, blood vessels and nerve endings can be damaged. Before use options, you need to learn the basic method.

How to make it not hurt

The main fear of injections people experience because of the pain or its expectation.

To reduce it, the patient should be advised to relax the gluteal muscles as much as possible (therefore, it is advisable to administer intramuscular solutions to a person lying on his stomach on a flat surface).
Drugs that cause pain when injected (for example, vitamin B12) should be administered slowly.
Part of the dry substances (for example, the antibiotic Ceftriaxone) is diluted with local anesthetics (Novocaine, Lidocaine) to reduce pain.
Oil solutions (Progesterone, Testosterone) before use should be heated to 30-40 degrees Celsius using a water bath or apparatus for heating solutions.

If a seal forms at the injection site or it is desirable that the bruise resulting from damage to the capillary resolves faster, then:

use iodine mesh,
heparin or troxevasin ointment (the latter are applied to the area with a thin layer twice a day for no longer than a week),
alcohol compresses dissolve well infiltrates and hematomas.

Errors and subtleties of injections

If not all the air was removed from the syringe in preparation for the manipulation, then its entry into the muscle usually does not end with anything interesting. Air embolism risks exist only for intravenous and intra-arterial manipulations.
In the case when the vessels are too close to the surface of the buttock or the needle has entered the capillary, after its removal, you can see droplets of blood. This is more of an unfortunate misunderstanding than an injection error. The antiseptic wipe applied to the injection site before removing the needle should be held with your finger a little longer: with a normal coagulation system, such bleeding stops in a couple of minutes.
If the buttock is too strong, and the needle suddenly bent by some miracle during the insertion, there is no need to puncture. Upon completion of the injection, a slightly crooked needle is removed in a standard manner.
If the needle was successfully injected, but the syringe jumped off it, this also does not threaten the person being injected. Some nurses out of professional bravado stick first only with a needle, after attaching a syringe with a solution to it.
It is not recommended to do injections at home in the thigh and shoulder, in patients with diabetes mellitus, in malnourished patients and in patients with decubitus ulcers on the buttocks.
Top of virtuosity - to prick intramuscular injections to himself. There are clear advantages for people with good physical training and thin waist. They can easily turn upper part body so as to prick yourself in the upper outer part of the buttocks. You can use a large mirror for the same purpose, by reflection in which it is convenient to mark the place for the injection. But in people with solid dimensions, injections into the anterior surface of the thigh are less safe.

The video perfectly demonstrates the technique of placing an injection in the buttock.

The popularly known concept of "magnesia" is an injection of magnesium sulfate, which can be injected intramuscularly or intravenously to reduce pressure.

It is a diuretic, sedative, vasodilator and anticonvulsant drug that quickly relieves spasms and relieves pain.

It is considered an excellent antiarrhythmic agent in hypertensive crisis, so the drug has numerous positive reviews.

Instructions for using the medicine

In general, magnesia injections with high blood pressure or hypertensive crisis have a beneficial effect on the body. The use of the drug intravenously or intramuscularly contributes to:

Removal of spasms of smooth muscles;
Removal of urine and feces;
Expansion of blood vessels;
Relieve nervous tension;
Normalization of the work of the heart;
Excretion from the body harmful substances in the form of toxins or poisons;
Stimulation of bile production.

An injection of magnesia can be administered with a lack of magnesium in the body, as well as in the presence of:

swelling of the brain;
epilepsy;
arrhythmias;
tachycardia;
Nervous excitement;
Seizures;
urinary retention;
With a hypertensive crisis.

It is important to understand that magnesia in large doses contributes to depression, weakness and drowsiness, suppression of respiratory functions.

The price of magnesia in ampoules is 20-70 rubles, in powder for the preparation of a suspension - 2-25 rubles, additionally in pharmacies you can buy the drug in balls, briquettes.

AT modern time the use of magnesia intramuscularly is practically not practiced, since medicine considers this method outdated and having side effects. However, if necessary, injections can be given in this way. Often, magnesium is administered intravenously with a dropper.

If it is decided to administer the drug intramuscularly, magnesia is mixed with Lidocaine and Novocaine to reduce pain. Indications for the use of the drug are similar to intravenous administration. Also, some doctors administer drugs sequentially - first an anesthetic injection is made, after which the syringe is replaced with magnesia.

Inject the drug intramuscularly should be gradual, while the needle should be deep in the muscle. Magnesia injections at elevated pressure can be done as follows:

The patient is in a supine position, the muscles are relaxed.
The injection surface is treated with an alcohol solution. Only disposable sterile syringes and needles are allowed.
Visually, the buttock is divided into four parts and an injection is made in the extreme upper part. The needle is inserted exactly at a right angle until it stops.
Before the introduction of magnesia, the medicine must be warmed in the hand to body temperature. The drug is administered slowly over two minutes.

Most often, injections are given intramuscularly during a hypertensive crisis by emergency doctors when it is necessary to urgently lower blood pressure.

Magnesia begins its action one hour after administration, the therapeutic effect lasts for four hours.

However, at home, using the medicine intramuscularly is not recommended, as this can lead to negative consequences.

Since the drug can cause vomiting, disruption of the functioning of the cardiovascular system, headache, increased urination, diarrhea, it can only be used intravenously when prescribed by a doctor.

Intravenous injection is given no more than twice a day, the daily dosage is a maximum of 150 ml. No more than 40 ml of the drug is administered at a time, otherwise an overdose will affect the work of the heart.

Compared with the intramuscular method, an intravenous injection has more fast action on the body, and after 30 minutes the patient begins to feel better.

With increased pressure or a hypertensive crisis, intravenous administration is important to consider some rules:

Only 25% magnesium solution can be used for administration.
The drug must not be used in pure form, it is diluted with Novocaine or 5% Glucose solution.
In order for the medicine to come gradually, a dropper is used.
During the administration of the medicine, the patient should monitor his condition and immediately inform the doctor about any changes in the form of nausea, dizziness and other symptoms.

It must be borne in mind that magnesia has certain contraindications, it cannot be used if the patient has:

Hypertension;
Dehydration;
bradycardia;
kidney failure;
Intestinal obstruction;
Appendicitis;
rectal bleeding;
Respiratory dysfunction.

The effect of magnesium on the body

With a lack of magnesium in the body, hypertension develops. Medicines with this substance improve the general condition of the patient, relieve symptoms of the disease and lower blood pressure. Magnesium also effectively stops the hypertensive crisis.

In case of illness, magnesium relieves spasms of blood vessels, relaxes muscles, calms nervous system, lowers blood pressure, normalizes the frequency and strength of heart contractions. Magnesium preparations do not allow the development of atherosclerosis, the formation of blood clots and cholesterol plaques in the blood vessels, thereby preventing heart attacks and strokes.

If the disease increases blood pressure, care must be taken not only about taking medications, but also proper nutrition. Regularly eat foods rich in magnesium and potassium.

In the diet for arterial hypertension, it is necessary to include foods rich in magnesium, such as:

legumes;
Nuts;
Rye bread;
beets;
Buckwheat, wheat groats and bran;
Milk and cottage cheese;
Chocolate and cocoa;
Greens.

To medicines that have positive reviews include drugs such as Magnerot, Magnesium B6, Magvit.

The use of magnesium in hypertension

If muscle relaxants in the form of Tizanidine or Baclofen are used simultaneously with the drug, this increases the effect of the drug. With the additional use of antibiotics of the tetracycline group due to magnesia, their absorption from the gastrointestinal tract decreases, so the drugs lose their effectiveness.

Do not take Magnesium Sulphate and Gentamicin at the same time, as this can cause respiratory arrest. Antihypertensive drugs with magnesia often cause weakness in the muscles. Also, the magnesium preparation blocks the effect on the body of anticoagulant drugs, Tobramycin, cardiac glycosides, Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, Phenothiazines. In case of an overdose of magnesium, a potassium preparation is used as an antidote.

It is forbidden to use magnesia in conjunction with:

Derivatives of alkali metals;
calcium;
Tartrates;
Salt of arsenic acid;
barium;
Hydrocortisone;
Strontium;
salicylates;
Ethanol and any alcoholic beverages.

Unfortunately, many patients mistakenly consider magnesium universal way getting rid of high blood pressure. Meanwhile, the disease should be treated comprehensively, only in this case the effect will be observed. The expert in the video in this article will tell you how magnesium tablets also work.

on the

The initiation of warfarin should be carried out under the close supervision of the INR and the strict supervision of a physician who can adjust the dose of the drug. It usually takes 10-14 days to stabilize the INR and select the required dose of warfarin. After that, the patient needs to donate blood again every 2-4 weeks and adjust the dose either on their own or constantly consult with the doctor.

Of course, it is better to consult a doctor, but it is far from always convenient and, unfortunately, there is not always a specialist in the regions who can advise you. Therefore, it is better to learn how to dose the drug yourself, especially since many patients will have to take warfarin for life. But your attending physician and this table should help you with this.

Instructions for selecting the dose of warfarin in

depending on the INR indicator

Always take warfarin at the same time, always donate blood for INR at the same time. For example: if you started drinking warfarin at 18:00, then continue to drink it at this time; if you donated blood for INR at 9:00, then continue to donate it at 9:00. It is advisable to always use the same laboratory. If you accidentally missed taking the drug, just drink the next dose on time, but there should be no gaps - your life sometimes depends on this.

If the INR is below 2.0, then the blood is “thick” and there is no benefit from the drug, you need to increase the dose of warfarin.

If the INR is more than 3.0, then the blood is “liquid”, the risk of bleeding increases and the dose of the drug must be reduced.

Half measures are not allowed, even if you drink warfarin daily, but the INR is below 2.0, then it's the same as not drinking anything!

You should schedule your dose of warfarin 1-2 weeks in advance, as its dosage may vary according to various reasons And it's hard to follow her without a record. To do this, it is convenient to use the following table. In the first column of the table, you note the INR indicator obtained after the test, and in the rest you write down how many tablets to drink on which day, because it is not at all necessary that you can choose the same dose for every day, for example:

Let's move on to the next one complex table- dosing of warfarin depending on the INR index.

We master the table.

The first column is the INR indicator, the second one tells what to do with the dosage at this INR, the third one tells when to do the next analysis. It is from this table that you will determine the dose of Warfarin in the period until the next analysis.

Dosing of warfarin depending on the INR
……MNO……	What to do	The next analysis for INR
< 1.50	2 days a week increase the dose by 1 tab. (the rest of the days take the same dose)	A week later
1.50-1.99	Increase the dose by 1 tab once a week	A week later
2.00-3.00	Dose unchanged	After 2 weeks, then every 1-2 months
3.01-3.50	Reduce the dose by 1 tab once a week	A week later
3.51-4.50	Reduce the dose by 1 tab	In 3 days
4.51-6.00	Reduce the dose by 1.tab	The next day
> 6.0	Stop taking warfarin and contact your doctor	.

Now let's try to simulate a few situations to make it more clear.

Let's take an example, when a patient takes warfarin according to the scheme below for a week, donated blood for INR on Monday and received a value of 1.9 (target values 2.0-3.0). How to schedule a dose?

We look at the dosing table of warfarin depending on the INR and see that you need to increase the dose of warfarin by 1 tablet once a week! and repeat the analysis in a week.

The patient should schedule his dose for the next week as follows:

Compared to the previous schedule, Wednesday warfarin use increased by 1 pill (Wednesday). You can increase the dose on any day, but try to keep the distribution even.

Now the patient donated blood a week later, INR = 2.5, we look at the table, everything is fine, nothing needs to be changed. The last successful scheme remains, the next control in 2 weeks.

Now let's say that our patient, who has been dosed and taken properly for 2 weeks, has a blood test and an INR of 3.6.

We look at the table: you need to reduce the dose by 1 tablet and repeat the analysis after three days. It turns out like this:

On Thursday morning the patient donated blood and in the afternoon received the result of INR = 2.4 ( target value), then such a scheme came up and then the dose for the next two weeks should be scheduled as follows:

It turns out that the patient should not drink warfarin three times a week, but making so many passes per week is not good, you need to distribute the dose of the drug evenly over the days of the week, something like this:

It turned out that the total dose of 4 tablets per week was simply more evenly distributed over the days.

Pay special attention to the moments when the INR is more than 4.5 - this is a threatening situation and requires a responsible attitude.

There can be many different options, but as you gain experience, solving new problems becomes easier and does not constitute significant problems.

I advise you to print this scheme and begin to master it with your doctor, be extremely careful "reduce the dose by one tablet once a week (weekly)" and "reduce the dose by 1 tab (daily)" are two different things.

At first it seems difficult, but once you figure it out, there's nothing to worry about.

I wish you good luck, and please do not use this article as a guide to self-treatment, but only in consultation with your doctor.

Please note that INR levels can fluctuate significantly due to excessive intake of certain foods containing vitamin K, complete table the content of vitamin K in foods is given in the following article.

Going to the dentist for the purpose of treating or removing teeth often causes the patient to fear pain even at the sound of a working drill. In this case, it is recommended to make an anesthetic injection into the gum, which has a local effect, literally freezing a certain part of the jaw. Due to this, the patient does not feel pain during manipulations in the oral cavity and tolerates the treatment more easily. An injection in the gum

What is gum anesthesia

Local anesthesia in the gum area is an injection using a syringe with a thin needle. The syringe injects a specific pain medication, such as Lidocaine, which provides deep penetration and long-term action. After the injection, the patient feels an absolute loss of sensation in a certain area of the oral cavity, and the pain signal to the brain is completely blocked.

This makes it possible to painlessly carry out all the necessary procedures for the treatment or extraction of teeth, as well as to exclude complications and undesirable consequences after manipulations.

How to prepare for anesthesia, contraindications

Previously, before conducting anesthesia, the dentist needs to assess the patient's condition, conduct an examination and diagnosis in the oral cavity and assess the readiness for an injection. It is important to tell your doctor if you are taking any additional medications or have any underlying medical conditions to rule out possible complications.

Before going to the dentist do not drink alcohol, because it can reduce the effect of the administered drug. If the patient is concerned anxiety states before treatment, you can drink a plant-based sedative, such as valerian or motherwort, before going to bed.

Sedative medicines

An injection into the gum has the following contraindications when this method should be abandoned:

In the early stages of pregnancy, especially in the 1st trimester, any medication or excessive excitement is prohibited.
If the patient is prone to severe allergies. In this case, the effect of the injection can be unpredictable.
With individual intolerance to painkillers.
With existing problems with the respiratory system, bronchi and lungs, as the likelihood of suffocation increases.
With diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and hormonal disruptions.
Childhood, especially in the first years of life.

In all of the above cases, the introduction of an anesthetic can be dangerous and lead to complications, so the dentist should carefully consider each patient and find an individual approach.

In what cases is anesthesia (an injection in the gum) necessary for the treatment of a tooth?

Anesthesia before the treatment of diseased teeth is carried out in order to relieve pain during dental intervention. The subsequent numbness of the jaw dulls the pain and allows you not to feel discomfort from various procedures.

The appointment of an injection is carried out by a dentist, but not in all cases. Anesthesia is performed at the personal request of the patient, when he is afraid of pain during dental treatment, as well as in the following specific cases:

Before the complete removal of one or more teeth at the same time.
To remove purulent accumulations inside the gums, before opening it directly.
In the treatment of advanced and intermediate stages of caries, especially if it has penetrated deeply and covered a large area of the tooth.
Before surgery.
At different types orthodontic therapy.
Before prosthetics.
When cleaning canals with live nerves.
With periodontal disease or inflammatory processes in the gums, gingivitis, periodontitis.
When removing the pulp, cysts, extirpation.
At hypersensitivity enamel and gums.

In the event that the hole in the tooth is small, and the patient panic fear needles and the injection itself, anesthesia can be omitted.

Does it hurt to put an injection in the gum

At the sight of an injection that needs to be placed in soft gum tissue, many experience fear and panic. But is it really that painful? It all depends on the individual location. nerve endings in the gums, as well as on the psycho-emotional mood of the patient.

The size of the inserted needle and the place where the injection is made play a decisive role in pain sensations. If anesthesia is performed by an experienced specialist, then in most cases you can not feel it at all. no discomfort during the injection, also many painkillers are administered without pain.

It is necessary to use all willpower to overcome panic

Also taken into account psychological aspect. If the patient experiences an overwhelming fear of being injected into the oral cavity, then no amount of reasoning that it is safe and not painful may not work. In this case, it is necessary to use all willpower to overcome panic, or use a special gel before the injection, applied to the injection site for the purpose of preliminary anesthesia.

How to get rid of pain after anesthesia

The appearance of burning and pain at the injection site, after dental treatment, is normal reaction organism, as tissues were damaged. Even severe pain after manipulation is not a reason to return to the clinic, because they should pass soon. This condition can last from 15 minutes to 15 hours, depending on how deep the anesthesia was carried out and whether the nerve endings were affected.

If the pain increases and does not subside after a long time, it is best to consult a dentist.

Complications can also arise if the dosage of the drug is incorrectly selected, in which case a toxic reaction occurs. Pain after treatment may occur due to accidental biting of the cheeks, tongue or lips, as a result of loss of sensation. Damage to the blood vessels may cause swelling, bruising, swelling, causing pain.

You can get rid of gum pain in the following ways:

If after an injection of anesthesia the pain in this area does not go away, you can use the painkiller Lidocaine or another popular drug. It can not be repeatedly indicated, but sprayed on the painful surface.
Take painkillers orally as prescribed by your doctor.
Helpful after anesthesia folk remedies which can be used at home. You can apply valerian leaves to the sore spot until the pain subsides. Another way is compresses with essential oil carnations. It is necessary to apply the product on a cotton swab, attach to the gum, hold for 15-20 minutes.

Precautions after anesthesia

After the introduction of an anesthetic into the gum, the development of possible complications. Danger can arise if pathogenic bacteria enter the wound and cause inflammation of a purulent nature. To prevent this from happening, follow the recommendations of experts:

Avoid spicy and salty foods.
If the pain is severe, you can take painkillers, but you should not get carried away with them.
No need to eat solid food for some time.
Avoid hot drinks and hot food.
You need to stop drinking alcohol and soda.
For some time, you need to stop smoking cigarettes, since the nicotine contained in them can provoke the development of inflammatory processes.
It is necessary to control the body temperature, with its increase, drink antipyretics.
It is advisable to rinse the mouth after each meal with plant-based products with an antiseptic effect.
Do not use a hard toothbrush the first is better time to simply wipe your teeth and gums with a soft cotton swab.

After treatment, it is recommended to use a soft toothbrush.

Conclusion

Various dental procedures were previously performed without the use of anesthesia. That is why many patients experienced fear of going to the doctor and put off treatment for long time leading to deterioration of the teeth. To date, an injection into the gum has been successfully used in dentistry, which makes it possible to painlessly endure procedures using a drill or tooth extraction.

The main thing is that such anesthesia is carried out by a professional, taking into account contraindications and other precautions. Local anesthesia is indispensable where dental operations are associated with pain, and allows the dentist to calmly perform all the necessary work.

When someone close to us or we ourselves fall ill and doctors prescribe a course of injections, involuntarily we have to retrain as a home nurse and urgently learn how to give injections correctly. Introduction intravenous injections really better to trust people with medical education, but everyone can handle intramuscular injections, however, this does not mean at all that this procedure should be treated negligently. The main thing is to follow all the rules, not to be afraid, to act calmly, carefully and accurately, and everything will go well for you and for your “patient”. For greater self-confidence, you can practice on a pillow, as medical students do.

Video course for beginner nurses

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Where is the best place to do injections at home

There are several types of injections: intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, intradermal. The most common type of injection is intramuscular, they are used when you need to inject small amounts of the drug. Everyone can make an injection into the muscle correctly. Intramuscularly, drugs are administered mainly to those parts of the body in which muscle tissue has maximum thickness, and there are no large vessels and nerve trunks nearby. Most often, intramuscular injections are given in the buttock, arm (deltoid muscle), or anterior thigh. It is safest and easiest for a non-professional to inject into the gluteal muscle - less likely negative consequences(muscle mass in the arm may not be enough, and after an injection in the thigh, it can “pull” the leg).

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How to give intramuscular injections

First, prepare everything you need to perform the injection:

the drug prescribed for administration in ampoules or as a dry powder in a vial;
a three-component syringe with a volume of 2.5 ml to 11 ml, depending on the volume of the drug prescribed for administration;
cotton balls;
alcohol 96%;
solvent (if the injection needs to be prepared from a dry powder).

Before starting the procedure, wash your hands thoroughly. Then we take an ampoule with medicine, carefully examine it, read the name, amount of medicine and its expiration date. Shake the ampoule lightly and tap the tip of the ampoule with your fingernail so that all the medicine goes down. We wipe the tip of the ampoule with a cotton swab moistened with alcohol and, at the point of transition from the narrow to the wide part, file it with a special nail file, which should be in the box along with the ampoules. With a nail file, you need to draw several times with pressure along the base of the tip, and then break it off in the direction away from you. To protect yourself from accidental cuts, the ampoule can be wrapped with a paper towel.

We open the package with syringes and, without removing the cap, put a needle on the syringe. We remove the cap from the needle, lower the syringe with the needle into the ampoule, pull the piston towards ourselves and collect the medicine. After collecting the medicine, we turn the syringe vertically up and tap it with our fingernail so that air bubbles rise up. By gradually pressing the plunger of the syringe, we “push out” the air through the needle until a drop of the drug comes out at the tip of the needle. We close the needle with a cap.

If the prescribed medicine turned out to be not an ampoule, but a dry powder in a vial, you will need a solvent (“water for injection”, novocaine, lidocaine, etc.). To choose the right solvent, carefully read the instructions for the drug or check the name of the suitable solvent with the doctor who prescribed the drug. According to the scheme described above, we collect the solvent from the ampoule into the syringe. We open the metal cap of the bottle, wipe the rubber cap with alcohol and, piercing it with a needle, inject the solvent. We shake the bottle so that the powder is completely dissolved, turn it upside down and draw the finished solution into the syringe. After that, you should change the needle. It is not worth injecting with the same needle that you used to pierce the rubber cap, as the sterility of the needle is violated and, moreover, it becomes blunt, which makes the injection more painful.

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We give injections at home

Before giving an injection in the buttock so that the muscles relax, the patient should be laid on the stomach or on the side. The intended injection site must be palpated beforehand to exclude the possibility of the needle getting into seals or knots.

If you will be injecting yourself, it is extremely important to choose the most comfortable position for the injection. It is advisable to practice in front of the mirror in which position it will be most convenient for you to inject - lying on your side (the surface should be hard enough so that the injection process is more controlled) or standing half a turn to the mirror.

Mentally divide the buttock into four squares. The injection should be made in the upper outer square.

We take a cotton swab moistened with alcohol and carefully wipe the injection site. If the injection site is not disinfected, this can lead to the formation of infiltrates - painful seals, and to more serious consequences.

After removing the cap from the needle and releasing air from the syringe, hold the syringe with your right hand, while with your left, stretch the skin at the injection site. If you are giving an injection to a child, the skin, on the contrary, needs to be pulled into a fold.

We take the hand with the syringe away and sharply at a right angle stick it into the muscle by 3/4 of the needle, but do not insert it until the very end. Many beginners, when making an injection for the first time, are afraid to stick the needle sharply and introduce it gradually. By "stretching" the injection, you are causing unnecessary pain to the patient. The sharper and clearer you stick the needle into the muscle, the less painful the injection will be.

thumb right hand by pressing on the piston, we slowly inject the medicine. The slower the drug is administered, the less likely it is to form a lump. With a cotton swab dipped in alcohol, we press the injection site and with a sharp movement remove the needle. We lightly massage the injured muscle with a cotton swab so that the drug is absorbed faster, and the alcohol disinfects the wound well.

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Important points of intramuscular injections

Whether an injection for your “patient” will be traumatic and painful depends not only on your skill, but also on the design of the syringe. It is advisable to use not the old two-component syringes, which cause unnecessary pain to the patient by the intermittent movement of the piston, but modern three-component syringes with a rubber seal on the piston.

If as intramuscular injection an oil solution is used, the ampoule should be slightly warmed up in warm water before the procedure. The ingress of an oil solution into the blood can cause an embolism, therefore, after inserting the needle, the syringe plunger must be pulled slightly towards you. If at the same time blood begins to flow into the syringe, then you are in blood vessel. In this case, without removing the needle, you should change the direction and depth of immersion or replace the needle and try to inject in another place. If blood does not enter the syringe, you can safely inject the solution.

The most important thing is hygiene: for each injection, even to yourself, you should use a new syringe and needle. Never reuse disposable syringes and needles! Before you draw the medicine into the syringe and make an injection, be sure to make sure that the packaging of the syringe and needle are intact. If the seal is broken, the syringe should be discarded.