Garegin Ter Harutyunyan. Honored Journalist of the Republic of Azerbaijan

Garegin Nzhdeh (Գարեգին Նժդեհ) real name - Garegin Egishevich Ter-Harutyunyan (Գարեգին Եղիշեի Տեր-Հարությունյան) was born on January 1, 1886 - died in the military year) statesman, the founder of cehakronism - the concept of Armenian nationalist ideology, who collaborated with the Third Reich during World War II to gain Armenia's independence from the USSR. Participation in Balkan war. On September 23, 1912, in view of the outbreak of the 1st Balkan War, Garegin volunteered for Bulgarian army. As a Bulgarian reserve officer, he was instructed to form a company of Armenian volunteers. Together with Andranik, he formed and led a company of 229 (later 271/273) people. On October 20, 1912, Nzhdeh was appointed commander of the Second Armenian Company. In early November, he fights in Uzun-Khamidir. In November 1912, near the village of Merkhamli on the banks of the Maritsa River in the White Sea Region, as part of the Third Bulgarian Brigade, Nzhde and his company participated in the defeat of the Turkish corps of General Yaver Pasha, for which Nzhde received Bulgarian (including: the Bulgarian Cross "For Courage" IV degree) and Greek awards and the title of "Hero of the Balkan peoples". During the war, on June 18, 1913, Garegin Nzhdeh was wounded. In 1913, in Sofia, Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan became engaged to a local Armenian woman, Epime Sukiasyan. On July 19, 1913, the Kyiv Thought newspaper publishes an essay by its war correspondent Lev Trotsky about the Armenian volunteer company that took part in the first Balkan war against Turkey for the liberation of Macedonia and Thrace: "At the head of the Armenian volunteer detachment formed in Sofia was Andranik, the hero songs and legends ... The company is commanded by an Armenian officer in uniform. He is simply called "comrade Garegin". Garegin, this is a former student of St. school and was listed before the war as a lieutenant in the reserve of the Bulgarian army ... A detachment diligently marches, in which it is now difficult to recognize innkeepers, clerks and cafejievs. No wonder Garegin taught them the secrets of military art for ten days, ten hours a day. He was completely hoarse from the command and speeches, he feverish look, and his blue-black hair is knocked out from under the office in stormy waves. Izersky cap ... - It was hard on the campaign, - the wounded said, - very hard ... Garegin is very brave, he never lay down in battle, but ran across with a saber from position to position. Garegin shared the last piece with us. When our first warrior fell, Garegin came up, kissed him on the forehead and said: “Here is the first martyr!” World War I. On the eve of World War I, Nzhdeh received a pardon from tsarist government and in early October 1914 he moved to Tiflis. At the first stage of the war, he was the deputy commander of the 2nd Armenian volunteer regiment in the Russian army (Dro was the regiment commander), later he commanded a separate Armenian-Yazidi military unit. In addition, Nzhdeh fought as a deputy commander and as part of the Ararat squad and the 1st Armenian regiment. From May 1915 to July 25, 1916, Nzhdeh participated in the battles for the liberation of Western Armenia, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree, St. Anna 4th degree and St. George's crosses 3 and 2 degrees. In July 1915 he received the rank of lieutenant. From May 1917, Nzhdeh was the city commissar in Alexandropol. First Republic of Armenia. In May 1918, Garegin Nzhdeh covered the retreat of the Armenian troops from the Kars region, fighting at Aladzha; At the same time, Garegin managed to take out materials from the excavations of Professor N. Ya. Marr from Ani. May 21, 1918 Turkish troops approached Karakilisa. On May 25-28, 1918, Nzhdeh commanded a detachment in the battle near Karakilisa (Vanadzor), as a result of which the Turks decided not to advance deep into Armenia. In this battle he was again wounded. Awarded the Order of Courage. In December 1918, Nzhdeh crushed the uprising of the Turks in Vedi. In 1919, Nzhdeh served in the Armenian army and participated in various battles. For the suppression of the uprising in Vedibasar, Nzhdeh was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd degree. In August 1919, the Minister of War of Armenia, by order No. 3, assigns Nzhdeh the rank of captain. Activities in Zangezur. On September 4, 1919, Nzhdeh was sent with his detachment to Zangezur (Syunik region). In October, 33-year-old Nzhdeh was appointed commander of the southeastern front of Zangezur (Syunik), while the defense of the northern region, Sisian, was led by Poghos Ter-Davtyan. In Nzhdeh's own words - "Then I devoted myself to the physical protection of the endangered Armenians of Kapan and Arevik, repelling the periodic attacks of Musavatist Azerbaijan and Turkish pashas Nuri and Khalila. In December 1919, Nzhdeh in Geghvadzor suppressed resistance in 32 Azerbaijani villages, which, according to Armenian data, became a disaster for Kafan and the surrounding regions. The offensive of the Azerbaijani forces was stopped by the Armenian side in early November near Geryusy. In March 1920, the Armenian-Azerbaijani war resumed throughout the disputed regions (Zangezur, Karabakh, Nakhichevan). On April 28, Baku was occupied by the Red Army, and Soviet power was proclaimed there; in early July, the Red Army invaded Zangezur, and in the middle of the month fighting broke out between it and the Armenian forces. In the spring of 1920, the Armenian government assigned Garegin Nzhdeh the rank of colonel. On August 10, 1920, an agreement was signed between Soviet Russia and the Republic of Armenia, according to which the disputed areas were occupied by the Red Army. Fearing that Zangezur might then come under the control of Soviet Azerbaijan, Nzhdeh did not recognize this agreement and refused to leave Zangezur (unlike Dro, who was the former commander in Zangezur). In early September, Kapan was occupied by the Reds, and Nzhdeh with his detachment was pushed back to the Khustupk mountains (near Meghri, ancient Arevik), where he fortified himself, taking advantage of the inaccessibility of the terrain. However, at the beginning of October 1920 in Zangezur began mass uprising against Soviet power, which Nzhdeh immediately headed (along with Ter-Davtyan, and after the death of the latter - alone). By November 21, two brigades of the 11th Red Army and several Turkish battalions of Zaval Pasha allied to it were defeated by the rebels in the battle near the Tatev Monastery, and on November 22, Nzhdeh entered Goris. The Soviet forces left Zangezur (during these events, according to some sources, about 12,000 soldiers from the Red Army were destroyed. On December 25, 1920, the congress held in the Tatev Monastery proclaimed the “Autonomous Syunik Republic”, which was actually headed by Nzhdeh, who took the ancient Armenian title of sparapet (Commander-in-Chief). The leadership of Soviet Armenia announced a reward for the head of the "head of the Zangezur counter-revolution" "adventurer Nzhdeh". By that time, Nzhdeh had extended his power to part Nagorno-Karabakh , connecting with the rebels operating there. On April 26, 1921, at the II Tatev Congress, in which 95 delegates from 64 villages took part, the Republic of Lernaayastan (Republic of Mountainous Armenia) was proclaimed, and Nzhdeh headed it as Prime Minister, Minister of War and Minister of Foreign Affairs. On June 1, at a joint meeting of the "Committee for the Liberation of the Motherland" and the Republic of Mountainous Armenia held in Goris, Mountainous Armenia is renamed Armenia (Republic of Armenia), as a continuation of the First Republic; Simon Vratsyan, the prime minister of the latter, was appointed its prime minister, and Nzhdeh was appointed minister of war. According to Nzhdeh himself, the only mistake in those days was the announcement of Lernaayastan by Armenia, which happened against his will. In July 1921, after the official publication in the press of the decision of the Revolutionary Committee of Armenia to leave Syunik as part of Armenia and having secured guarantees from the leadership of Soviet Armenia regarding the preservation of Syunik as part of Armenia, Nzhdeh and his associates crossed the Araks River to Persia. According to the testimony (during interrogation in prison) of Dashnak Hovhannes Devedjyan, former secretary of the bureau of the government of Armenia, Nzhdeh, heading military affairs in Zangezur, was used by the Dashnak government of Armenia, first to pacify local Azerbaijanis, rather to clear the territory of Zangezur from Azerbaijanis, and then to fight against the Red Army. Army. According to Tom de Waal, having captured Zangezur in 1921, Nzhdeh expelled the remnants of the Azerbaijani population from there and achieved, as the Armenian author Claude Mutafyan euphemistically put it, "rearmenization" of the region. Emigration. In Persia, Nzhdeh stopped for a while in the village of Muzhambar, and about a month later he moved to Tabriz. By that time, a slanderous campaign was launched against Garegin Nzhde, the instigators of which were Bolshevik agents and those members of the united government of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Lernaayastan, whom Nzhde publicly condemned more than once. In July 1921, the Supreme Court of the ARFD initiated a court case against Garegin Nzhdeh. He was charged with "facilitating the fall of the Republic of Lernaayastan." On September 29, the party court ruled: "Exclude Nzhde from the ranks of the Dashnaktsutyun party and submit his case for consideration by the upcoming 10th party congress." However, in April-May 1923, the party congress, and then the 10th congress (November 17, 1924-January 17, 1925), reinstates Nzhdeh in the ranks of the party. From 1922 to 1944, Nzhdeh lived in Sofia (Bulgaria), was a member of the Balkan Committee of the ARF. In 1932, he participated in the work of the 12th general congress of the party and, by decision of the congress, Nzhdeh left for the United States as a leader. Upon arrival in the United States, he took up the formation of the youth organization "Dashnktsutyuna" ("Armenian Youth Dashnak Organization", headquartered in Boston (from 1933-1941 was referred to as "Ukhty Tsegakron ARFD"). In the fall of 1934, Nzhdeh returned to Bulgaria, and he married Epime Sukiasyan in 1935. In 1937, Nzhdeh left the Dashnaktsutyun party, due to numerous disagreements that had existed since 1926 with the representative of the ARF Bureau Ruben Ter-Minasyan (English) Russian. Hayk Asatryan founded the "Taronakanutyun" movement. At the beginning of World War II, Garegin Nzhde began to cooperate with the German authorities, pursuing the goal of preventing a possible Turkish invasion of Soviet Armenia in the event of the Germans seizing Transcaucasia and, if possible, with the help of Germany, restoring the independence of Armenia. In December 1942, Nzhde becomes one of the seven members of the Armenian National Council (established in Berlin) and deputy editor of the National Council newspaper Azat Ayas tan" ("Free Armenia") ( Chief Editor- Abram Gulkhandanyan. According to the documents of the CIA, declassified in accordance with the law on the disclosure of Nazi war crimes, in the Armenian weekly "Armenian Mirror-Spectator" on September 1, 1945, an original German document was published, according to which, the National Council of Armenia, consisting of Dashnak leaders - the chairman Artashes Abegyan, Deputy Abram Fulkhandanyan, Harutyun Baghdasaryan, David Davidkhanyan, Garegin Nzhdeh, Vagan Papazyan, Dro Kanayan and Dertovmasyan, turned to the Nazi Minister of the Eastern Occupied Territories Alfred Rosenberg to turn Soviet Armenia into a German colony. Later, during interrogation in prison, according to testimony signed by Hovhannes Devedjyan, Nzhdeh repeatedly made propaganda speeches to Armenian prisoners of war, urging them to armed struggle against the USSR, stating: “Whoever dies for Germany, he dies for Armenia ". Arrest and imprisonment. When the Soviet troops approached Sophia, Nzhde refused to leave Bulgaria, not wanting to expose his organization to a blow. In addition, he hoped that the USSR would soon declare war on Turkey and he would be able to take a direct part in this war. After the entry of the Soviet troops, he wrote a letter with this proposal to General Tolbukhin. On October 9, Nzhdeh was summoned to the Soviet mission, where he was informed that he had to leave for Moscow in order to personally make his proposal to the leadership. On October 12, he was arrested by SMERSH and sent to Moscow, to the internal prison of the MGB on Lubyanka, from where in 1946 he was transferred to the Yerevan prison. Nzhdeh was accused of counter revolutionary activity, primarily in participation in the "anti-Soviet" uprising in Zangezur and massacres communists during this uprising (this accusation extremely outraged him, since back in 1921 an amnesty was declared for the Zangezur rebels). He was tortured by insomnia, but not by physical force. The main point of accusation was the "execution in Tatev", which has already become important part Soviet anti-Dashnak propaganda - it was alleged that after the occupation of Goris, Nzhdeh shot, and partly threw alive from the Tatev rock up to 400 captured communists and Red Army soldiers. Nzhdeh himself denied accusations of killing communists, arguing that captured Turks from the Zaval Pasha detachment, dressed in Red Army uniforms, were shot, without his knowledge, at the initiative of the local population. April 24, 1948 sentenced to 25 years in prison. He was sent to the Vladimir prison. In March 1952, Garegin Nzhdeh was brought to Yerevan for the second time. In the summer of 1953, before Nzhdeh was transferred to the Vladimir prison, by order of the Minister of State Security of the Armenian SSR, Garegin Nzhdeh was taken by car to show Yerevan, erected buildings, and various sights. AT different periods Nzhdeh was imprisoned in Moscow prisons: Butyrka, Lefortovo, Krasnaya Presnya; when transferring from Yerevan to the Vladimir prison on a short time remained in the prisons of Baku, Saratov, Kuibyshev, Rostov, until the death of Nzhdeh, he was kept for a year in a prison and hospital in Tashkent (summer 1953 - September 1955). From a variety of diseases (tuberculosis, hypertension, and so on) in 1954, the health of Garegin Nzhde deteriorated to such an extent that the leadership of the prison hospital decided to release him early from prison, but Nzhde was not released. In September 1955, he was again sent to the Vladimir prison. December 21, 1955 Nzhdeh dies in the Vladimir prison.

Garegin Nzhdeh(arm. Գարեգին Նժդեհ, real name - Garegin Egishevich Ter-Harutyunyan, arm. Գարեգին Եղիշեի Տեր-Հարությունյան; January 1, 1886 -1886 - national Armenian hero) freedom movement early 20th century, Armenian military and statesman.

The founder of cehakronism - the concept of the Armenian nationalist ideology.

During World War II, he collaborated with the Third Reich.

Youth

Born in the family of a priest in 1886 in the village of Kuznut, Nakhichevan district, Erivan province. At baptism he was named after Arakel. Elementary education received at the Russian school in Nakhichevan and continued his studies at the Tiflis gymnasium. In 1902, Ter-Harutyunyan entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. But after two years of study, he leaves the university.

In 1906, Nzhdeh moved to Bulgaria. There he goes into illegal military school, which was created in 1907 at the suggestion of one of the leaders of the Dashnaktsutyun party, Rostom Zoryan. More than 400 Armenians and Bulgarians were trained in it, who were trained in military affairs and prepared for revolutionary activities on the territory of Turkish Armenia and Macedonia.

After finishing this educational institution returned to the Caucasus, where he joined partisan detachment Murad Sebastatsi and joined the ranks of the ARF.

In November 1907 he went to Persia as an officer and received Active participation in the Persian Revolution. In August 1908 he returned to Kznut.

In September 1909, Nzhdeh was arrested royal authorities(“The Case of the Dashnaktsutyun Party”, 163 Dashnaks were arrested) and placed in prison. He served and was interrogated in 4 prisons: a prison in the city of Julfa, the Nakhichevan prison, the Novocherkassk prison, and the Petersburg prison. In March 1912 he was released from prison and moved to Bulgaria.

Participation in the Balkan War

During the 1st Balkan War, Armenians living in Christian countries in the Balkans supported their government in the fight against Ottoman Empire. Garegin Nzhdeh started the war on September 16, 1912. Andranik and Nzhdeh managed to organize several hundred Armenian volunteers to participate in the war.

On October 20, 1912, Nzhdeh was appointed commander of the Second Armenian Company. In early November, he fights in Uzun-Khamidir.

In November 1912, near the village of Merkhamli (Russian) Bolg. on the banks of the Maritsa River in the White Sea Region, as part of the Third Bulgarian Brigade, Nzhde and his company participated in the defeat of the Turkish corps of General Yaver Pasha, for which Nzhde received Bulgarian (including: Bulgarian cross "For Courage" IV degree) and Greek awards and the title of "Hero of the Balkan peoples".

On July 19, 1913, the Kyiv Thought newspaper publishes an essay by its war correspondent, Lev Trotsky, about an Armenian volunteer company that took part in the first Balkan war against Turkey for the liberation of Macedonia and Thrace:

The company is commanded by an Armenian officer in uniform. He is simply called "Comrade Garegin." Garegin, this is a former student of St. Petersburg University, who was involved in the famous "skiing" trial of the Dashnaktsutyun and acquitted after a three-year imprisonment. He completed a course at a military school in Sofia and before the war was a second lieutenant in the reserve of the Bulgarian army.

World War I

On the eve of World War I, Nzhdeh received a pardon from the tsarist government and moved to Tiflis in early October 1914. At the first stage of the war, he was deputy commander of the 2nd Armenian volunteer squad as part of the Russian army (the commander of the regiment was Dro), later he commanded a separate Armenian-Yazidi military unit. In addition, Nzhdeh fought as a deputy commander and as part of the Ararat squad and the 1st Armenian regiment.

From May 1915 to July 25, 1916, Nzhdeh participated in the battles for the liberation of Western Armenia, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree, St. Anna of the 4th degree and St. George's crosses of the 3rd and 2nd degrees.

In July 1915 he received the rank of lieutenant.

From May 1917, Nzhdeh was the city commissar in Alexandropol.

First Republic of Armenia

In May 1918, Nzhdeh covered the retreat of the Armenian troops from the Kars region, fighting at Aladzha; At the same time, Garegin Nzhdeh managed to take out materials from the excavations of Professor N. Ya. Marr from Ani.

On May 25-28, 1918, Nzhdeh commanded a detachment in the battle near Karakilisa (Vanadzor), as a result of which the Turks decided not to advance deep into Armenia. In this battle he was again wounded. Awarded the Order of Courage.

In December 1918, Nzhdeh crushed the uprising of the Turks in Vedi. In 1919, Nzhdeh served in the Armenian army and participated in various battles. For the suppression of the uprising in Vedibasar, Nzhdeh was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd degree.

In August 1919, the Minister of War of Armenia, by order No. 3, assigns Nzhdeh the rank of captain.

Activities in Zangezur

On September 4, 1919, Nzhdeh was sent with his detachment to Zangezur (Syunik region). In October, 33-year-old Nzhdeh was appointed commander of the southeastern front of Zangezur (Syunik), while the defense of the northern region, Sisian, was led by Poghos Ter-Davtyan.

In Nzhdeh's own words - " I then devoted myself to the physical protection of the endangered Armenians of Kapan and Arevik, repulsing the periodic attacks of Musavat Azerbaijan and the Turkish pashas of Nuri and Khalil.».

In December 1919, Nzhdeh in Geghvadzor suppressed resistance in 32 Azerbaijani villages, which, according to Armenian data, became a disaster for Kafan and the surrounding regions.

The offensive of the Azerbaijani forces was stopped by the Armenian side in early November near Geryusy.

In March 1920, the Armenian-Azerbaijani war resumed throughout the disputed regions (Zangezur, Karabakh, Nakhichevan). On April 28, Baku was occupied by the Red Army, and Soviet power was proclaimed there; in early July, the Red Army entered Zangezur, and fighting began between it and the Armenian forces in the middle of the month.

In the spring of 1920, the Armenian government assigned Garegin Nzhdeh the rank of colonel.

On August 10, 1920, an agreement was concluded between Soviet Russia and the Republic of Armenia, according to which the disputed regions were occupied by the Red Army. Fearing that Zangezur might then come under the control of Soviet Azerbaijan, Nzhdeh did not recognize this agreement and refused to leave Zangezur.

In early September, Kapan was occupied by the troops of the Red Army, and Nzhdeh with his detachment was pushed back to the Khustupk mountains (near Meghri, ancient Arevik), where he fortified himself, taking advantage of the inaccessibility of the terrain.

However, in early October 1920, a mass uprising against the Soviet regime began in Zangezur, led by Nzhdeh and Ter-Davtyan, and after the death of the latter, Nzhdeh alone). By November 21, two brigades of the 11th Red Army and several Turkish battalions of Zaval Pasha allied to it were defeated by the rebels in the battle near the Tatev Monastery, and on November 22, Nzhdeh entered Goris. The Soviet forces left Zangezur (according to some sources, about 12,000 Red Army soldiers died during these events).

On December 25, 1920, a congress held in the Tatev Monastery proclaimed the "Autonomous Syunik Republic", which was actually headed by Nzhdeh, who took the ancient Armenian title of sparapet (commander in chief). The leadership of Soviet Armenia announced a reward for the head of the "head of the Zangezur counter-revolution" "adventurer Nzhdeh". The February uprising in Armenia pulled back the forces of the Red Army, giving Zangezur a break for a while; in the spring, with the defeat of the February uprising, the rebel forces retreated to Zangezur. By that time, Nzhdeh had extended his power to part of Nagorno-Karabakh, uniting with the rebels operating there.

On April 26, 1921, at the II Tatev Congress, in which 95 delegates from 64 villages took part, the Republic of Lernaayastan (Republic of Mountainous Armenia) was proclaimed, and Nzhdeh headed it as Prime Minister, Minister of War and Minister of Foreign Affairs.

On June 1, at a joint meeting of the "Committee for the Liberation of the Motherland" and the Republic of Mountainous Armenia held in Goris, Mountainous Armenia is renamed Armenia (Republic of Armenia), as a continuation of the First Republic; Simon Vratsyan, the prime minister of the latter, was appointed its prime minister, and Nzhdeh was appointed minister of war. According to Nzhdeh himself, the only mistake in those days was the announcement of Lernaayastan by Armenia, which happened against his will.

In July 1921, after the official publication in the press of the decision of the Revolutionary Committee of Armenia to leave Syunik as part of Armenia and having secured guarantees from the leadership of Soviet Armenia regarding the preservation of Syunik as part of Armenia, Nzhdeh and his associates crossed the Araks River to Persia.

According to the testimony (during interrogation in prison) of Dashnak Hovhannes Devedjian, former Secretary of the Bureau of the Government of Armenia, Nzhdeh, heading military affairs in Zangezur, was used by the Dashnak government of Armenia, first to pacify the local Azerbaijanis, rather to clear the territory of Zangezur from Azerbaijanis, and then to fight against the Red Army.

According to Tom de Waal, having captured Zangezur in 1921, Nzhdeh expelled the remnants of the Azerbaijani population from there and achieved, as the Armenian author Claude Mutafyan euphemistically put it, "rearmenization" of the region.

Emigration

In Persia, Nzhdeh stopped for some time in the village of Muzhambar, and about a month later he moved to Tabriz.

By that time, a slanderous campaign was launched against Garegin Nzhde, the instigators of which were Bolshevik agents and those members of the united government of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Lernaayastan, whom Nzhde publicly condemned more than once.

In July 1921, the Supreme Court of the ARFD initiated a court case against Garegin Nzhdeh. He was charged with "facilitating the fall of the Republic of Lernaayastan." On September 29, the party court ruled: “ Expel Nzhdeh from the Dashnaktsutyun Party and submit his case to the upcoming 10th Party Congress". However, in April-May 1923, the party congress, and then the 10th congress (November 17, 1924-January 17, 1925), reinstates Nzhdeh in the ranks of the party.

From 1922 to 1944, Nzhdeh lived in Sofia (Bulgaria), was a member of the Balkan Committee of the ARF.

Nzhdeh got engaged in the summer of 1913 in Sofia, and in 1935 he married Epima Sukiasyan. In the spring of 1945, his wife and son were exiled to the Bulgarian town of Pavlikeni, where on February 24, 1958, Sukiasyan died of tuberculosis. The son, Sukias-Vrezh Ter-Harutyunyan, after demobilization from the army in 1960, settled in Sofia.

Creation of Tseghakron

In 1933, Nzhdeh participated in the 12th Assembly of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, which was attended by almost all famous Armenian figures in exile. Nzhdeh represented the Armenian emigrants of Bulgaria there. They were offered several points for organizing Armenian emigration in order to fight against Turkey and the Bolsheviks. He considered the organization of the Armenian youth to be the main task, for this purpose he went to the USA in the summer of 1933.

Within the framework of the Dashnaktsutyun, Garegin Nzhdeh created a youth organization in the same year, the Tsegakron group, characterized by political scientist Volker Yakobi as proto-fascist, later renamed the Armenian Youth Organization. In the USA, in the places of compact residence of Armenians, he created Oath Unions (Tsegakron Ukhter). Branches of the organization were opened in Bulgaria, Germany, Romania, Greece and France. When creating Tsegakron, Nzhdeh was mainly inspired by the racist theories and ideologies that prevailed in the 1930s.

The name "Tsegakron" comes from the words "race" and "religion". Opponents of the Dashnaks consider it "racial worship", with a clear connotation of fascism, supporters translate it as "devoted to the race", "followers of the race". His main idea was to create a connection among North American youth with a clear concept of national identity. The main idea was that the nation should be considered first of all. Nzhdeh promoted "racial patriotism" as "a natural and logical reaction against an alien environment that threatens the very existence of our race." The style and slogans of his movement echoed the fascist movements of Europe. The uniform used two of the three colors of the fallen republic's tricolor, blue shirts, and orange handkerchiefs. According to Nzhdeh: “Rejecting the flag means denying our identity. We cannot be neutral on this issue. For if we remain neutral, what will happen to the identity of Armenians outside the homeland.” According to Thomas de Waal, Nzhdeh had a truly fascist bias when creating this organization.

If to this day our people receive only blows and are tragically unable to fight back, the reason is that they do not live as a clan ... Tseghakronism is a panacea, without which the Armenians will remain the most politically disadvantaged part of humanity.

This Nzhdeh laid the foundation for the theory of "Armenism". The motto of the organization was “Armenia to the Armenians”, and the purpose of its creation was “To educate a family-revering generation, whose representatives would live and act as subjects and warriors of their kind, wherever they are and whatever social status didn’t take.”

The émigré newspaper Razmik, which began to be published by Nzhdeh together with Hayk Asatryan in 1937, became the printed organ of Tsegakron.

Nzhdeh opposed Tsegakron to the Dashnaktsutyun party, whose policy, in his opinion, was indecisive. Beginning in the middle of 1935, relations between Tsegakron and Dashnaktsutyun began to worsen. According to the leaders of the Dashnaktsutyun, Tsegakron was the youth wing of the party, which made it possible to disregard its leadership. The aggravation of relations also took place between Nzhdeh and the head of the ARF Bureau Ruben Ter-Minasyan. According to Ter-Minasyan, the organization created by Nzhdeh is dangerous for the Armenians and can lead to a split in the party from within.

According to many researchers, when, according to the Dashnaktsutyun, Nzhdeh's views became extremist, fascist and racist, he was expelled from the party. This happened in 1938 at the 13th Dashnaktsutyun Meeting. Later, attempts were made by the Dashnaktsutyun to return Nzhdeh, as, for example, in 1939, when General Dro tried to convince him to return and subjugate Tsegakron to the Dashnaktsutyun, but Nzhdeh refused, however, declaring his intention to cooperate with the party in order to resolve pan-Armenian problems.

Nzhdeh assisted Hayk Asatryan in the creation at the end of 1937 of the ideology of the emigrant organization "Taronakanutyun" (Taronism), based on the ideas of nationalism, as well as supporting and developing the ideas of the Aryan origin of Armenians. official printed edition organization was the weekly "Taronsky Eagle" ("Taroni Artsiv"). In its ideology, this movement was not much different from Tsegakron. At the beginning of World War II, the formation of paramilitary reconnaissance and sabotage groups began from members of Tsegakron and Taronakanutyun, who had previously undergone military psychological training. Later they were trained in the camps of the Abwehr, under the leadership of Nzhdeh, with the aim of being later transferred to the territory of the Caucasus and Turkey.

World War II period

Returning to Bulgaria, Nzhde established ties with Berlin, whose goal was to convince the Nazis to attack Turkey, and in the early 1940s, he participated in the creation of Armenian paramilitary units as part of the Wehrmacht, trained under the guidance of SS instructors. At the beginning of World War II, Garegin Nzhde began to cooperate with the German authorities, pursuing the goal of preventing a possible invasion of Turkey into Soviet Armenia in the event of the Germans seizing Transcaucasia and, if possible, with the help of Germany, restoring the independence of Armenia.

In 1942, on the initiative of the Nazi military administration, the Armenian National Council was established ( Armenischen National Gremiums) headed by Artashes Abeghyan, professor at the University of Berlin. Abeghyan invites Garegin Nzhdeh to participate in the work of the council. In December 1942, Nzhdeh became one of the seven members of the Armenian National Council (established in Berlin) and deputy editor of the National Council newspaper Azat Hayastan"(Free Armenia") (editor-in-chief - Abram Gyulkhandanyan (Russian) Armenian).

According to CIA documents declassified under the law on the disclosure of Nazi war crimes, on September 1, 1945, the Armenian weekly Armenian Mirror-Spectator published a translation of the original German document, from which it followed that the Armenian National Council, which included Dashnak leaders - Chairman Artashes Abegyan, Deputy Abram Fulkhandanyan, Harutyun Baghdasaryan, David Davidkhanyan, Garegin Nzhdeh, Vagan Papazyan, Dro Kanayan and Dertovmasyan, at one time turned to the Nazi Minister of the Eastern Occupied Territories Alfred Rosenberg with a proposal to create a German colony on the territory of Soviet Armenia.

Nzhdeh and General Dro participated in agitation among Soviet Armenian prisoners of war, which aimed to recruit volunteers for the so-called Armenian Legion, whose units were involved in the battles in the North Caucasus, and later on the Western Front.

According to the encyclopedia "The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", more than 30 agents were recruited on the territory of Bulgaria during the Nzhdeh war Armenian origin. He participated in their sabotage training, as well as in the transfer to the rear Soviet army for the purpose of subversive activities.

Arrest and imprisonment

When the Soviet troops approached Sofia, Nzhde refused to leave Bulgaria, he himself motivated his act by the fact that he did not want to expose his organization to a blow and also hoped that the USSR would soon declare war on Turkey and Nzhde would be able to take a direct part in this war. After the entry of the Soviet troops, he wrote a letter with this proposal to the commander in chief Soviet troops in Bulgaria to General Tolbukhin.

Nzhdeh's collaboration with the Nazis led to his arrest by Soviet military counterintelligence in Bulgaria. Garegin Nzhdeh was identified and arrested by counterintelligence officers as part of the undercover case of the Abwehrgroup-114 (“Dromedar”). The arrest of Nzhdeh was preceded by the detention by the Bulgarian police, the basis for which was the accusation of links with German intelligence. SMERSH officers also detained 17 out of 30 saboteurs trained by him, preventing the commission of sabotage and terrorist acts. The rest were put on the wanted list.

On October 12, he was arrested by SMERSH and sent to Moscow, to the internal prison of the MGB on Lubyanka, from where in 1946 he was transferred to the Yerevan prison. Nzhdeh was accused of counter-revolutionary activities, primarily of participating in the "anti-Soviet" uprising in Zangezur and the massacres of communists during this uprising (this accusation angered him extremely, since back in 1921 an amnesty was announced to the Zangezur rebels). He was tortured by insomnia, but not by physical force. The main point of the accusation was the “execution in Tatev”, which had already become an important part of the Soviet anti-Dashnak propaganda - it was alleged that after the occupation of Goris, Nzhdeh shot, and partly threw alive from the Tatev rock up to 400 captured communists and Red Army soldiers. Nzhdeh himself denied accusations of killing communists, arguing that captured Turks from the Zaval Pasha detachment, dressed in Red Army uniforms, were shot, without his knowledge, at the initiative of the local population.

April 24, 1948 sentenced to 25 years in prison. He was sent to the Vladimir prison.

In March 1952, Garegin Nzhdeh was brought to Yerevan for the second time. In the summer of 1953, before Nzhdeh was transferred to the Vladimir prison, by order of the Minister of State Security of the Armenian SSR, Garegin Nzhdeh was taken by car to show Yerevan, erected buildings, various sights.

At different periods, Nzhdeh was imprisoned in Moscow prisons: Butyrka, Lefortovo, Krasnaya Presnya; when transferred from Yerevan to the Vladimir prison, he remained in the prisons of Baku, Saratov, Kuibyshev, Rostov for a short time, until Nzhde's death he was kept for a year in a prison and hospital in Tashkent (summer 1953 - September 1955).

From a variety of diseases (tuberculosis, hypertension, and so on) in 1954, Garegin Nzhde's health deteriorated to such an extent that the leadership of the prison hospital decided to release him early from prison, but Nzhde was not released.

In September 1955, he was again sent to the Vladimir prison, where he died on December 21 of the same year.

Grave of Nzhdeh

His brother, Levon Ter-Harutyunyan, was refused to bury Nzhdeh in Armenia, and only clothes and watches were given out of his personal belongings. Nzhdeh was buried by his brother, and a sign was placed on the fenced grave: Ter-Harutyunyan Garegin Yegisheevich (1886-1955). In August 1983, the ashes of Garegin Nzhdeh were transported to Armenia by the husband of Nzhdeh's granddaughter: Pavel Ananyan (at the suggestion of Gurgen Armaganyan).

On May 8, 1987, through the efforts of Rafael Hambardzumyan, the ashes were secretly buried in Vayk in the courtyard of the ancient church of Spitakavor (before that, the ashes were kept by different people).

On October 7, 1983, part of the remains (the first cervical vertebra) with the help of Andranik Karapetyan from Goris was buried on the slope of Mount Khustup in Zangezur.

In April 2005, two parts of the relics of Garegin Nzhdeh buried in Spitakavor ( right hand and two bones) were taken and buried on April 26 at the memorial-monument built in Kafan (with the knowledge of the government of the Republic of Armenia).

Nzhdeh's Ideas in Modern Armenia

In the post-Soviet period in Armenia, Nzhdeh is considered a national hero, his racist views are downplayed, and nationalism is approved. The ideology of Tsegakron created by him is adhered to by extreme nationalists.

Political parties and public organizations

Beginning in the 1990s, a number of parties were created under the influence of Nzhdeh's ideas.

In July 1991, the Admirers of the Family of Armenia party was established. The charter of the party is called "Tsegakron". Party members follow the ideas of Nzhdeh and are saturated, according to the Russian ethnologist Viktor Shnirelman, with "zoological anti-Semitism." The goal of the party is to create a national religion based on pagan beliefs. The militants of this party took part in the Karabakh war. In June 1991, the "Party of Tseghakron Nzhdeh" was registered, which adheres to a similar ideology with the "Fans of the Family of Armenia" party, but there is no anti-Semitism here.

The Republican Party of Armenia supports the ideology of Tsegakron in its platform. It was created by Ashot Navasardyan, who was a neo-pagan. Later, the neo-pagan nationalism of the party, which gave a significant place to the ideas and images of Nzhdeh, gave way to fundamental nationalism, where the Armenian Apostolic Church again topped the list of national values. However, Nzhdeh continues to exist as a canonical hero. In 2000, the leader of the party, Andranik Margaryan, an extreme nationalist with "NJ" views, was approved for the post of Prime Minister of Armenia, whose appointment embodies nationalist sentiment in the country. In order to better inform young people about such concepts as “military-patriotic and healthy lifestyle life”, the party created its own youth organization “Tsegakron”, which since 2004 has been cooperating with the Armenian Apostolic Church in the “fight” against religious minorities.

Nzhdeh and Armenian neo-paganism

The roots of Armenian neo-paganism are associated with Garegin Nzhdeh, who begins to propagate it in the 1930s. In modern Armenia, neo-paganism began to spread from the end of 1989, when a number of intellectuals proposed a return to the Armenian pre-Christian faith.

Nzhdeh is a cult symbol among Armenian neo-pagans, around which neo-mythological texts and legends are formed. Pilgrimages are organized to the places of his ritual burials. His ashes, brought to Armenia, are buried in three places - in the Vayots Dzor region in the monastery of Spitakavor, partly in the city of Kapan, where a memorial was built and part of the relics is located on Mount Khustup. Around mid-July - early August, starting in 2008, neo-pagans organize a pilgrimage to Mount Khustup to spend the night there. According to the priests, the pilgrims hope that they will be visited by a vision of the deity Vahagn, as it visited Nzhdeh. On the second of the graves of Nzhdeh, the ceremony is performed twice. Priests claim that Nzhdeh was a prophet. His famous photograph military uniform placed on posters, calendars of neo-pagans in the context of the pantheon of pagan deities.

Memory

Commemorative coin of Armenia 2001 "Garegin Nzhdeh" - 100 dram - silver 925 with gilding

In modern Armenia, there is a large-scale cult of Nzhdeh. Nzhdeh's writings have been repeatedly republished in Armenia, which is also facilitated by the nationalist ideology of the ruling Republican Party. In memory of him, commemorative coins are minted, documentary and art films. A square in Yerevan is named after Garegin Nzhdeh. One of the awards armed forces Armenia is the medal "Garegin Nzhdeh".

In 2012, a memorial plaque to Garegin Nzhdeh was installed on the territory of the Armenian Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Armavir. Vladimir Pavlyuchenkov, advisor to the head of the Armavir city administration, spoke at the opening ceremony. Some residents of the city appealed to the authorities with a request to remove the sign.

On January 28, 2013, the premiere of the film Garegin Nzhdeh (directed by Hrach Keshinyan) was held at the Moscow cinema in Yerevan. The film was dedicated to the 21st anniversary of the creation of the Armenian army. Filming took place in Armenia and Europe. The film starred Russian actors Chulpan Khamatova and Mikhail Efremov.

In 2016, a bronze monument (5.7 m high) was unveiled in Yerevan to Garegin Nzhdeh, Nzhdeh’s statements were engraved on the ramp at the foot of the monument. The ceremony was attended by Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan.

In connection with the opening of the monument, a reaction followed from Russia, which was voiced by the official representative of the Russian Foreign Ministry Maria Zakharova - “Our attitude to any form of revival, the glorification of any manifestations of Nazism, neo-Nazism, extremism, is also well known to everyone ... It is not clear to us why this monument was erected, because we all know about the feat Armenian people, This immortal feat Armenian people during the Great Patriotic War, World War II". This was followed by a response from official representatives of the Armenian government, who condemned the words voiced by Zakharova. Vice Speaker of the National Assembly of Armenia Eduard Sharmazanov noted that Garegin Nzhdeh fought for the freedom of Armenia all his life, noting that “The monument to Garegin Nzhde in Yerevan was erected because Nzhde is a national hero of the Armenian people, just like Alexander Nevsky, Marshal Kutuzov, Bagration are national heroes fraternal Russian people.". Soon, Maria Zakharova commented on the earlier voiced words, stating that her comments were distorted, while adding that the installation of the monument to Nzhdeh was an internal affair of Armenia.

Some works of Garegin Nzhdeh

"The struggle of sons against fathers" (Thessaloniki, 1927)
"Seven commandments to my companions"
"Autobiography" (1944)
"Ethnover"
"A people professing courage-Aryanism"
"My creed"
"Open letters of the Armenian intelligentsia"
"Covenant and Creed of Ethnovery" (1933)
"Creator of our revolution" (article)

(1955-12-21 ) (69 years old) Rank

World War I

With the outbreak of the First World War () and the announcement of an amnesty for the Dashnaks by Russia, he appeared at the Russian embassy in Sofia with an offer of his services. He was appointed deputy commander of the II Volunteer Detachment (Armenian formations as part of the Russian army - the detachment commander was Dro). In early May 1915 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree and St. Anna of the 4th degree for the battles in the Berkley Gorge and at Sheikh-Kara. In July 1915 he was awarded the St. George Crosses 3 and 2 degrees for battles in the Magreod Gorge. Since May 1917 he was the city commissioner in Alexandropol (Gyumri)

First Republic

Subsequently, in a letter to Stalin, he explained his cooperation with the Nazis with two motives - anti-Turkish and the desire to save the Armenians from the fate of the Jews (the Germans began to take discriminatory measures against the Armenians in the Balkans).

Arrest and imprisonment

Add information about the person

Nzhdeh


Other names:	Ter-Harutyunyan Garegin Egishevich, Nzhde Garegin
In English:	Ter-Harytunyan Garegin Eghishei
In Armenian:	Գարեգին Նժդեհ, Տեր-Հարությունյան Գարեգին Եղիշեի
Date of Birth:	01.02.1886
Place of Birth:	Kznut, Armenia
Date of death:	21.12.1955
Place of death:	Vladimir, Russia
Brief information: Leader of the national liberation movement, military leader

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Biography

Education

In 1896-1902 - studied at the seven-year Russian school in Nakhichevan, called "higher primary".

In 1902-1903 he studied at the Russian gymnasium in Tiflis.

In 1902-1904 - studies at law faculty Petersburg University.

In 1906 he moved to Bulgaria and with the assistance of the leaders of the Macedonian liberation movement Boris Sarafov and Liapov Gurin entered officer school named after Dmitry Nikolov in Sofia.

Participation in the national liberation movement of Persia and Bulgaria

In 1907, after graduating from this educational institution, he returned to the Caucasus in order to move to Turkish Armenia with the Haiduk detachment of Murad. Joins the ranks of the Dashnaks.

November 1907 - August 1908 - as an officer sent to Persia (Iran) to participate in the Persian revolution.

At the end of August 1908 he returned to his native village, where he organized a Dashnak group.

September 6, 1908 - in the village of Verkhnyaya Aza, he was arrested by the tsarist authorities and placed in a prison in the city of Dzhuga.

April 1909-1910 - transferred to the Nakhichevan prison.

In October 1910 - interrogated in the Novocherkassk prison, then transferred to the St. Petersburg prison.

In March 1912 - released from prison, moved to Bulgaria.

October 8, 1912 - creates the Armenian Volunteer company, consisting of 229 people, which is subsequently replenished with 42 more volunteers (including G. Nzhde and Andranik).

October 20, 1912 - appointed commander of the Second (Armenian) company. At the beginning of November, he heroically fights in Uzun Khamidir.

On November 15, 1912, near the village of Megramli, together with Andranik and the Armenian Dobrovolskaya company, he won important battle. The Bulgarian Volunteer Army captured 10,000 Turkish soldiers, 242 officers, 3 colonels, 1 pasha.

In the autumn of 1913 - goes to Romania.

During the First World War

In early October 1914, together with Andranik and numerous volunteers, he arrived in Tiflis.

April 15, 1915 - with a company of 300 people, he joined the 2nd regiment, was appointed commander, assistant to Dro.

April 27, 1915 - June 8, 1915 - participates in campaigns and battles in the provinces of Van: Gealarash, Berkri, Shatakh, Moks, Sparkert.

May 14, 1916 - as an assistant to the commander, he moved to the first Armenian voluntary group (Smbat was the commander at that time).

July 23 - July 25, 1916 - participates in battles as part of the detachment of Thomas Nazarbekyan.

May 3, 1917 - becomes a member of the executive committee of Alexandropol (Gyumri) and city commissioner.

June 1, 1917 - gives lectures for Gyumri poets, after which all those present in the hall become members of the Dashnaktsutyun, and the Gyumri Dashnak Center "Ashug" (folk singer) was founded right in the hall.

At the Armenian National Conference, held from September 29 to October 13, 1917 - in Tiflis, he was elected one of the 228 deputies, then he was included in the commission on "preserving the front and securing dangerous regions" together with Abram Gerekhandanyan, Arsen Shakhmazyan, Dro, Ruben Ter-Minasyan .

1917-1918 - visiting numerous Armenian villages - Verin (Upper), Nerkin (Lower), Aza, Der, etc., gathers people in the courtyards of churches and calls for self-defense with fiery speeches.

In the service of the First Republic of Armenia

May 1918 - on the eve of Armenia's independence, he fights in Aladzha, as a result of which the Armenian retreating troops were able to pass without loss to Alexandropol through Erzrum-Sarigamish-Kars.

May 24-25, 1918 - takes the initiative, saves the front, inspires to fight in Karakilis, where he is subsequently wounded.

In November 1918 he was appointed commander of the troops in Zangezur. He successfully organized the defense of Zangezur from the Turkish-Azerbaijani forces.

December 20, 1918 - in time to help the Armenian army, retreating to Davalu (Ararat), takes over the fight, suppresses the uprising of the Turks in Vedi.

February - August 1919 - served in the Armenian army, participated in various battles, was appointed commander of the Garni battalion.

September 4, 1919 - through the mediation of the Dashnak bureau and at his request, the government of the Republic of Armenia sends Nzhdeh together with Gazar Kacharyan to Zangezur with a proposal to go to Gokhtan.

In the first half of September 1919, at the request of the Zangezur authorities, Captain Nzhdeh took command of the fronts of Kapan, Arevik (Genvaz, Meghri) and Gokhtan (collectively called Kapargokht) and the southeast of Syunik.

In October 1919 - destroys the Tatar wedge linking Gokhtan and Genvaz.

In December 1919, in Geghvadzor, he suppressed resistance in 32 Tatar villages, which became a disaster for Genoaz, Kafan and Gokhtan.

December 1-8, 1919 - during the actions of the Zangezur troops in Sharuri, he personally leads a company, beats back all the heights conquered by the Turks, which contributes to the overall success and thanks to which the Goris-Kafan road opens.

Participation in the Armenian-Turkish war of 1920

February 14, 1920 - supreme commander Commander Gazarov rewards Nzhdeh with the rank of colonel with the forces of Zangezur, suggesting that the government of the Republic of Armenia award Nzhdeh the rank of colonel.

March 20, 1920 - begins the second campaign to help Gokhtan ("Patanakrats"), as a result of which he liberates the villages of Gokhtan, conquers all the Tatar settlements, except for Eage and Dastak.

March 25, 1920 - two letters are delivered from Gokhtan asking for help in the fight against the Turko-Tatar-Bolsheviks. Postponing the conquest of Ordubad (Vorduar) and Agulis, he returns to Kapan.

April 1-4, 1920 - begins an offensive from Zeyva (now David-Bek), pushes the enemy back from the heights of Khartiz and Susanna, clears the villages of Vorotan inhabited by Tatars, liberates more than 80 villages.

April 13, 1920 - having defeated the forces that came to the rescue from the Persians from Karadag and from the Tatars from Jibrail, he also clears the Chaviduri (Bartag) region.

December 1919 - April 1920 - wins in Okhchi, Geghvadzor, Shurnukh, Askivlum, Chaviduri, in most cases personally leading the battles.

In April-May 1920, the government of the Republic of Armenia awarded him the rank of colonel.

August 25, 1920 - in the church of the village of Kapan, Kavart founded the "David-Bek vows", whose military motto was: "In the name of the Motherland - according to David-Bekski." Receives the nickname "dictator-commander of the military forces of Kafan, Genvaz, Gokhtan and Baghaberd."

September 6 - November 21, 1920 - starting from the village of Kaler, disables units of the 11th Red Army, destroying approximately 12,000 people, and capturing more than 4,000 Russian-Turkish soldiers and officers.

In the struggle for the independence of Syunik, Mountainous Armenia

December 25, 1920 - at the I Tatev Congress proclaims "Autonomous Syunik", Zangezur also proclaims temporarily autonomous. Nzhdeh is invited to the congress as the "Syunik sparapet", and all the leadership of self-defense is entrusted to him.

January 25, 1921 - in " open letter”, sent to the commander of the 11th army, demands the release of party and national figures from the prisons of Armenia, the cleansing of the Armenian territories conquered by the Kemmalists, and the abandonment of actions against the Armenians of Zangezur.

February 15-17, 1921 - with the help of Yeapon, the commander of the Zangezur forces, he liberates Vaoyts Dzor from the Bolsheviks and annexes it to Syunik, defeats the enemy who attacked Arevik, and subjugates the Tatars of Bargushat.

In 1937-1938 - leaves the Dashnaktsutyun.

In April 1938, together with A. Asatryan and N. Astvatsaturyan, he founded the weekly The Eagle of Taron, which officially began the Taron movement.

September 3-5, 1938 - the Taron-Turuberan congress held in Ekron, Ohio, USA - the Taron movement is approved.

During the Second World War

In 1939 - after the outbreak of the Second World War, he sent a letter to the Supreme Body of the Dashnaktsutyun - offering his help.

In 1942 - organized the publication of the German collection "Armenia and Armenians", which strikes at the Armenians who joined the ranks of the enemies.

In 1943 - founded and headed in Sofia public organization"Charitable Brotherhood of Russian-Armenians".

In 1942-1943 he cooperated with the German military authorities and search structures on the issue of restoring the freedom and independence of Armenia.

Arrest

September 9, 1944 - sends a letter to the commander of the 3rd Ukrainian front who entered Bulgaria with an offer of help Soviet Union in military operations against Turkey.

October 10, 1944 - explaining that Nzhdeh must personally submit his proposals top government USSR, Soviet military counterintelligence"Smersh" transports him through Bucharest to Moscow, where he is imprisoned in the Lubyanka prison.

November 6, 1946 - Nzhdeh was transferred from the Moscow prison to the Yerevan prison, where from November 15, 1946 to December 20, 1947 he was interrogated.

Compositions

Pantheon of Dashnaks. Gyumri. 1917
Charter of military movements. 1918 (co-authored with Sheram)
Khustup call. Goris. 1921
Pages of my diary. Cairo. 1924
The struggle of sons against fathers. Thessaloniki. 1927
Open letters of the Armenian intelligentsia. Beirut. 1929
An open letter to Michael Arlen (publ. 1930)
The movement of the spirit of the family. Sofia. 1932
Ukhty and the creed of Tsegakron ("The Precepts and Creed of the Ethnoverie") (1933)
Armenians of America - Rod and his scum. Sofia. 1935
My answer. Sofia. 1937
Autobiography. Nzhdeh. September 1944. Sofia / Aniv №1 (2005) Nzhdeh. September 1944. Sofia. Per. with arm.
A people professing courage-Aryanism
Garegin Nzhdeh, works in two volumes. Er., 2002 // Compiled by A. Badalyan, G. Gevorkyan, M. Lazaryan, S. Mirzoyan. Editorial Board G. Avetisyan, V. Kazakhetsyan, A. Simonyan, A. Virabyan