What Russian surnames are actually Tatar. The origin of the surname of the generals
Historians every year expand the list of nominal nicknames of Slavic origin. Many would be interested to know their origin. But sometimes it is impossible to determine this by the sound itself, since various suffixes, prefixes and prefixes have been added to the derivative word for years, distorting its original meaning.
Russian names and surnames
To determine the origin of a person's genus, his passport data is used. The key points are the root of the word, which forms Russian names and surnames. They differ in prevalence. By sound, you can determine the eminence of the family or the belonging of ancestors to different social groups and castes of society: peasants, boyars, clergy. The etymology of some includes archaisms and strange foundations; you can use the reference book to determine these yourself.
Origin
Derivatives and roots can originate from nicknames of ancestors, funny nicknames, names, activities. The origin of Russian surnames, in most cases, is unraveled in its etymology. You should be interested in this clue, because through it you can find out about an outstanding ancestor or eminent family. For those who want to determine the origins of their family nickname, there are alphabetical collections that are replenished and updated annually; on their pages, almost everyone can find out the history of their name.
The most popular derivatives:
- On behalf of the ancestor (whose? whose will you be?) - Ivanov, Sidorov, Kuzmin, Petrov.
- From geographical names - Vyazemsky, Stroganov, Smolensky.
- From the nicknames of the representatives of the clergy - Rozhdestvensky, Preobrazhensky, Assumption.
- From the names of plants and animals - Sokolova, Orlova, Hare, Lebedev, Golubev.
- From count and boyar titles - Minin, Tikhomirov, Tikhonravov, Godunov.
Meaning
Etymology and the formation of a proper genus name are of interest to everyone large quantity of people. The meaning of Russian surnames is found out when determining the root part of the word, it indicates the meaning. The meaning of family names like Bondarev, Kovalev, Shevtsov - indicate the craft that someone from the family was engaged in. Muzzle, Stoyan, Brave - on external or internal characteristics individual person. All members of the family were called by the nickname of the head of the family, and this was passed down from generation to generation.
When did surnames appear in Russia
The assignment of a generic nickname to identify each genus began to take shape from the 15th century. When surnames appeared in Russia, they initially referred to representatives of the upper strata of society: boyars and aristocrats, later, in the 18th century, to church servants. Until the 19th century, peasants and artisans received their nicknames. Their genus names were derived from the nicknames of one of the members of the family or occupation. Listings were found in historical scrolls and records explaining this phenomenon: “Vasily, the son of Kuznetsov ... Ivan, the son of Khlebnikov”
How many surnames in Russia
The study of these data is still in question. Not absolutely correct numerical value, which could answer exactly the question of how many surnames exist in Russia today. For such difficult task researchers were taken only a few times, about 250 thousand meanings were officially included in the collection, and these lists are constantly updated with new forms of nicknames once given.
Declension of surnames in Russian
Rules Russian language strictly determine the spelling and pronunciation of passport data. The declension of surnames in Russian occurs according to the following basic rules: standard ones are declined as adjectives, and foreign origin- as nouns. Do not bend over zero ending, or ending in a consonant (Bondar, Nitsevich, Ponomar), ending in -o (Petrenko, Shevchenko, Kovalenko), foreign ones in -a, -ya (Varnava, Okidzhava, Zola).
The most common surname in Russia
Boris Ubenhaun was the first to start compiling a directory that lists the names of Russia. There are collected various variations due to the transformation process. folk nicknames. Each position has an explanation (highlighted parts of word formation that explain the essence of a particular word). There are positions that can be found more often, there are those that are very rare. The data were taken on the basis of the census of the population of the city of St. Petersburg.
Common surnames in Russia:
- Vladimirov;
- Sergeev;
- Petrov;
- Ivanov.
Beautiful Russian surnames
There are people whose generic nicknames enchant with their sound. These include those derived from place names or long nicknames given to church officials. Such an etymology is rare, it sounds aristocratically melodious. Many people change the birth data in the passport in order to get a beautiful name that stands out from the crowd. Lucky among the people are those to whom it was inherited.
The most beautiful surnames in Russia:
- Preobrazhensky;
- Caesar;
- Christmas;
- Vyazemsky;
- Uspensky.
Slavic
There are genus names that originated from the ancient Slavs. These nicknames are very rare and therefore valuable to historians. Their small number is due to the fact that derivatives originate from the names of pagan gods or Old Slavic names. With the advent of Christianity, such nicknames were categorically banned, people were massively baptized and renamed, because those who still have them to this day are a godsend, a prime example pagan culture.
Old Slavic surnames, examples:
- Yarilo;
- Dovbush;
- Putyata;
- Lada;
- Saint;
- Dobrynin;
- Peaceful.
Popular
According to a population census conducted in the 1980s, former USSR, about 50% of the rural and 35% of the urban population have generic nicknames formed on the basis of patronymics with the addition of suffixes. This study is recognized as the highest quality and most detailed up to our times. Popular Russian surnames: Sidorov, Smirnov, Kuzmin, Vasiliev. The second place in frequency is occupied by nicknames that indicate the type of activity: Kuznetsov, Bondarev, Reznikov, Khlebnikov, etc.
Rare Russian surnames
It is difficult to compile a reliable list that includes all positions. But the main ones have been selected. It is not often possible to meet people who have a family nickname that coincides completely with geographical name or formed from a combination of two words. There are few of those who were lucky enough to become the namesake of famous historical figures and heroes literary novels.
Rare surnames in Russia:
- Astrakhan;
- Kamchatka;
- Eibogin;
- Krutiperets;
- Crusoe;
- Karenin.
funny
Sometimes among acquaintances there are family nicknames that involuntarily cause a smile with their comicality. They surprise fellow citizens, and especially foreigners, with their pronunciation, they consist of the addition of the foundations of any nouns or verbs, they can denote a funny or strange action, name objects whose name sounds strange in a human name. A person who has to wear them can hardly be called lucky.
Funny Russian surnames:
- Kostogryzov;
- Mozgoedov;
- Popkin;
- Rzhach;
- Login;
- Khachapuri;
- Govnodedov;
- Snot.
Russian noble families
Their owners can be sure of high title someone of their kind, they were assigned exclusively to nobles, boyars, high-ranking officials. People close to high positions and ruling power. They can also be merchants. The presence of such title nicknames among the peasantry, a worker from the common population or artisans is excluded, their mere presence spoke of a high social status its owner.
Russians noble families:
- Stroganov;
- Godunov;
- Tikhomirov;
- Minin;
- Novgorodtsev;
- Tikhonravov;
- Crowned.
Old Russian
This term denotes not only Old Slavonic nicknames from the times of paganism, but also those that, by their etymology, denote obsolete concepts and words of ancient use, eradicated from the current speech. Interesting to consider generic nicknames that call the old monetary units, household items, crafts not found in modern world. All these signs indicate the prescription of the genus and the roots that go far.
Old Russian surnames:
- Kunin;
- Altynov;
- Kalita;
- Zlatnikov;
- Pryalkin;
- Kozhemyak;
- Bandurov.
Rating of surnames in Russia
The top 100 items have been compiled, which can often be found in the passports of fellow citizens. All of them were selected based on the directory and ordered during the census during the year. This information will be especially interesting for girls, because everyone wants to meet her man and get married. Statistics show that 89% of women switch to a male generic nickname when they get married. Such a top will clearly show the most likely options that everyone can face. The section includes 10 first positions.
- Ivanov;
- Smirnov;
- Kuznetsov;
- Popov;
- Sokolov;
- Vasiliev;
- Fedorov;
- Novikov;
- Egorov;
- Kozlov.
Famous Russian surnames
Their list is based on the frequency of use among the population. The most common surname in Russia is Ivanov. Even foreigners know about it, associating with it all the names of Russian compatriots. She went down in history and became a classic. For example in German such a nickname was - Muller, in America and Britain - Smith, Poland - Novak or Kovalsky, Georgia - Mammadov.
Famous Russian surnames:
- Sidorov;
- Ivanov;
- Petrov;
- Kozlov;
- Smirnov;
- Popov;
- Sokolov.
Video
There are many misconceptions about the nationality of certain surnames. So, some surnames are traditionally considered Jewish, while others are Russian. Although this may not be the case. Myths about Jewish surnames So, any of our compatriots identifies as Jewish surnames Abramovich, Bergman, Ginzburg, Goldman, Zilberman, Katsman, Cohen, Kramer, Levin, Malkin, Rabinovich, Rivkin, Feldstein, Etkind.
It is generally accepted that all surnames with the suffix "-sky" or "-ich" are Jewish in Russia. But in fact, these are most often surnames of Polish or Ukrainian origin, indicating the name of the area where the person's ancestors come from. And they can be worn by both Jews and Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians ... And such surnames as Preobrazhensky or Rozhdestvensky were given to graduates of seminaries, most of whom were Russians. Another mistake is to consider all surnames with the suffixes "-ov" or "-in" Russian. In Russia, indeed, most surnames have such suffixes. But they all have different origin: some were given by the names of their parents, others - by professional affiliation, others - by nicknames. With administrative records in documents, surnames could be “Russified”.
So, who would think that the Russian composer Rachmaninoff has Jewish roots? But the surname Rachmaninov owes its origin to the Jewish "rahman", which means "merciful" - this is one of the names of God. What are the surnames of Jews in Russia? The mass emigration of Jews to Russia began in the time of Catherine II, after the annexation of Poland. In order to assimilate with the local population, representatives of the Jewish people sometimes took surnames similar to Russian or Polish ones: Medinsky, Novik, Kaganovich. There is also a group of surnames of non-Jewish origin, which, however, are mostly worn by Jews: Zakharov, Kazakov, Novikov, Polyakov, Yakovlev. That's how it happened historically. Jewish surnames that we take for Russians Often, surnames were given to Russian Jews according to their professional affiliation or the profession of their parents. So, the seemingly Russian surname Shkolnikov comes from “schoolboy” (as the servant was called in Ukrainian Orthodox Church). Many Jews have this surname. Surname Shelomov - from "shelom". Its representatives were craftsmen in the manufacture of helmets. Dyers and Sapozhnikov - these are the names of Jews whose ancestors were engaged in painting and sewing shoes. These were common Jewish professions in pre-revolutionary Russia. We are used to considering the Russian surname Moiseev, but it comes from the Hebrew name Moses! The same with the surname Avdeev. But Abramov is indeed a Russian surname: in Rus' there was also the name Abram! The surnames Shapkin, Tryapkin, Portyankin originated from Jewish nicknames. Few people think that the Jewish names are Galkin, Dolin, Kotin, Lavrov, Plotkin, Sechin, Shokhin, Shuvalov ... Everyone knows that Lenin's ally, the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov, was a Jew. It was even said that real name Katz. But in fact, he never changed his last name: Sverdlov is a fairly common surname among Jews. It turns out that it is not always possible to consider some surnames unequivocally Russian, Jewish, and so on. There may be a whole story behind the origin of each of them, sometimes complex and full of dramatic collisions.
Russian nobility - Genealogical tables - Princes Dolgorukovs (descendants of Prince Mikhail Vladimirovich)Themidi, - said the young man, cordially shaking Ostap's hand. - Bender-Zadunaisky, - answered rudely grand schemer, immediately realizing that he was late for the holiday of love<…> - How! Are you also Transdanubian? Zosia asked cheerfully. - Yes. Transdanubian. After all, you, too, are no longer only Sinitskaya, are you? Judging by the socks... - I am Sinitskaya-Femidi.
Traditionally, on Saturdays, we publish answers to the quiz for you in the Q&A format. Our questions range from simple to complex. The quiz is very interesting and quite popular, but we just help you test your knowledge and make sure that you have chosen the correct answer out of the four proposed. And we have another question in the quiz - What was the last name of the Russian general in the James Bond film A View to a Kill?
- A. Pushkin
- B. Gogol
- C. Dostoevsky
- D. Chekhov
The correct answer is V. Gogol
A View to a Kill is the 14th film in the James Bond film series. It features the head of the KGB intelligence agency, played by actor Walter Gotell. But the name of this general Gogol, or Anatoly Alekseevich Gogol.
General Gogol (Anatoli Alekseevich Gogol, eng. Anatol Alexis Gogol) is the head of the Soviet special service, the KGB. Despite being potential enemy English intelligence service MI6, rather a positive character. As a rule, he cooperates with MI6 in the eradication of common enemies. Four Times Hero Soviet Union. He likes to personally take part in field operations abroad, despite the fact that this is completely incompatible with his status.
Appears as Walter Gotell in The Spy Who Loved Me, Moonraker, For Your Eyes Only, Octopussy, A View to a Kill, Living Daylights . AT last movie Gogol was officially transferred from the KGB to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR. This is probably an honorable resignation, since in the same film the “main party” of the Soviet special services is led by General Pushkin.
In big politics, Gogol adheres to the ideas of detente and peaceful coexistence (detente). He proves his words with deeds in the film "Octopussy", personally organizing the hunt for General Orlov, who decided to blow up the world. In A View to a Kill, after defeating yet another common enemy, Gogol celebrates victory with Sir Fredrick Gray and M in London. From personal life Gogol only knows that he selected exceptionally beautiful employees for the service and received them in his Kremlin bedroom (“For Your Eyes Only”). Gogol is bald, wears good glasses and loose-fitting light-colored jackets. Nothing is known about the fate of Gogol after the events of the film "Sparks from the Eyes".
James Bond movie characters
Bond's superiors and co-workers
M
M head of the British secret service MI6. The name "M" was invented by Ian Fleming, he took the first letter of the name of a real-life head Secret Service His Majesty Mansfield Smith-Cumming. M appears in every Bond series except for For Your Eyes Only. He gives the task to agent 007 James Bond. At MI6 headquarters in London, M has Personal Area, in whose reception his secretary sits -. The personality of M changes from time to time, it can be either a man or a woman. M's names are classified. The real name and rank, Admiral, Sir Miles Messervy, is only pronounced in The Man with the Golden Gun.
Q
Q- just like M, this is a code name, in this case it means the first letter of the word Quartermaster (quartermaster). Q - head of department Q, research center British Secret Service. He constantly supplies James Bond with useful spy equipment.
Miss Moneypenny
Miss Moneypenny- secretary of M, Bond's boss.
Sir Fredric Gray
Sir Fredric Gray, or simply Minister(Sir Frederick Gray) - British Minister of Defense, appearing in the films: "The Spy Who Loved Me", "Moon Wanderer" ( moonraker), “For Your Eyes Only”, “Octopussy”, “View to a Kill”, “Sparks from the Eyes” ( Living Daylights). Played by Geoffrey Keene. Exact Ratio the positions of the Minister of Defense and the head of MI6 are not defined in the films - M, it would seem, the junior in rank, always keeps himself independent. As a rule, Sir Fredrick and M appear together at the beginning of the film, when setting up a combat mission for Bond; in the future, operational matters are handled by M, and the Minister of Defense provides a “cover” for operations before the Prime Minister. The minister always takes a conservative, cautious stance and does not share the aggressive approach of MI6 to solving problems.
In the first film, Bond familiarly refers to the minister as "Freddie"; at the end of the film, the minister gets into trouble when the cameras of his department broadcast a sex scene with Bond. This is probably why, in subsequent films, the relationship between Bond and the minister is built strictly officially. The confusion with the broadcast is repeated in the finale of Moonwalker (again a bed scene) and For Your Eyes Only, when, in the presence of the minister, Bill Tanner connects Margaret Thatcher not with Bond, but with a talking parrot.
AT real life Sir Fredrick's "service" would have fallen during the period of change of governments between Labor and Conservatives, in which the ministers of defense would have changed as well.
Bill Tanner
Bill Tanner(Bill Tanner) - Chief of Staff, MI6. Appears with significant breaks in films: "The Man with the Golden Gun" (played by Michael Goodliff), "For Your Eyes Only" (played by James Villiers), "Golden Eye", "The World Is Not Enough" (played by Michael Kitchen), in the film Casino Royale, instead of Bill Tanner, Deputy M is Villers (played by Tobias Menzies), and Bill Tanner (played by Rory Kinnear) appears again in the films Quantum of Solace and Falling Skies.
In the first of these films, Tanner only says two lines and does not appear on the list. actors and performers. In For Your Eyes Only, Tanner essentially fills in for the absent M - tasks Bond, scolds him for Gonzales' death, and ends with the aforementioned embarrassment with the parrot. In the films: "Golden Eye", "And the whole world is not enough" - his role is again reduced to one and four short episodes, respectively.
Charles Robinson
Charles Robinson(Sharles Robinson) - a high-ranking black MI6 official (Spanish Colin Semon). Appears in the films: "Tomorrow Never Dies", "And the whole world is not enough", "Die, but not now". Robinson replaced the aged Bill Tanner. Appears next to M when setting up a combat mission for Bond (in the introductory short story "Tomorrow Never Dies" - alone). His appearances in all three series are limited to short episodes, Robinson does not lead independent storylines, however, in the film "007. Coordinates: Skyfall" Miss Moneypenny's daughter, black Eve Moneypenny, appears, which gives the viewer a reason to suspect Robinson of paternity.
Other agents "two zeros"
With one exception (006) are known for being killed in the movie openings (001 only appears in the books):
- First time all agents 00 appear in the frame gathering in the conference room of the MI6 office in the film Thunderball. There are 9 of them in total, including Bond. All mans. All brunettes. Agent 006 wears a goatee beard. Agent 009 wears a gold ring on the little finger of his right hand.
- The second and last (today) time all 00 agents appear in The World Is Not Enough, at the second MI6 headquarters in Scotland. It can be seen that at least one of the agents is a woman.
- 002 - "Bill Fairbanks" - killed by Francisco Scaramanga in Beirut, 1969 ("The Man with the Golden Gun"). Reappears in the introductory short story of the film "Sparks from the Eyes" ( Living Daylights) (see 004, 005).
- 003 - died on Far North USSR while trying to steal a top secret chip ("View to a Kill").
- 004 - killed in the introductory short story of the film "Sparks from the Eyes", when renegades from the KGB are trying to once again push the British and Soviet intelligence services.
- 005, 006 - not killed, live in Kirov, under the cover of the Federals.
- 006 - the only agent 00, well known in person - Alec Trevelyan, a defector from MI6, the main antagonist from the movie "Golden Eye" (Spanish Sean Bean). Killed by Bond.
- 008 - Generally 008 in many places it is mentioned as a replacement in case Bond is unable to complete tasks (for example, in "Goldfinger"). In the film "And the whole world is not enough" in one of the frames it is clear that agent 008 is a woman.
- 009 - mortally wounded with a Faberge egg in his hand by Mishka and Grishka in the film "Octopussy". M is mentioned in the film The World Is Not Enough. It was 009 who fired that bullet at Renard that is slowly killing him and causing him to stop feeling.
- 0010 - Agent Baines is killed on San Monique Island in Live and Let Die. He shared the same tailor with Bond.
- 0011 - Mentioned by Bond, but does not appear on screen.
- 0012 - Agent "Dos" is killed in New York in the movie "Live and let die".
- 0013 - Agent "Hamilton" is killed in New Orleans in front of the Fillet of Soul restaurant in the movie "Live and let die".
Bond Allies: USSR and Russia
General Gogol
General Gogol(Anatoly Alekseevich Gogol) Anatol Alexis Gogol listen)) is the head of the Soviet special service KGB. Despite the fact that he is a potential enemy of the British intelligence service MI6, he is rather a positive character. As a rule, he cooperates with MI6 in the eradication of common enemies. Four times Hero of the Soviet Union. He likes to personally take part in field operations abroad, despite the fact that in his status this is complete nonsense.
Harold Strather
Jack Wade
Jack Wade(Jack Wade) played by Joe Don Baker as Deputy Felix Leiter as a CIA operative in Goldeneye and Tomorrow Never Dies. In the previous film, "Sparks from the Eyes", Joe Don Baker played the role not of "his", but of the villain - Whittaker, an arms dealer.
The character is named after real person- Bond writer Kevin Wade. He plays the role of a "stereotypical American" (from a European point of view) - a ponderous, narrow-minded, but honest guy. Just like Bond, he is not inclined to respect the formal protocol and boldly goes against the rules of his office. He has tattoos in intimate places depicting a rose and the name "Muffy" - in memory of his third wife.
Jay Double Pepper
Sheriff Jay Double Pepper(J. W. Pepper, the decoding of the initials is unknown) - a policeman from a provincial town in
Oratory as a prototype of journalism
Quotes about Napoleon - dslinkov — LiveJournal
Me vengeance The man on the bulldozer destroyed the city