What the language says: the main symptoms of diseases on the strongest muscle in the body. Antihistamine may treat less severe symptoms of an allergic reaction

The eyes, as we know, are the mirror of the soul. And language is an indicator of our body. In healthy people, the tongue is light pink, with a moist and uniform surface: without spots, sores and grooves. The papillae on the tongue are clearly visible.

The appearance of plaque on the tongue may indicate various diseases, but sometimes it is also observed in a minor form. healthy person. In particular, in adolescents during puberty, plaque may form due to a hormonal surge. A light, white and odorless coating is considered acceptable, through which you can see pink color language.

By the way, in summer the plaque is more pronounced, but the papillae of the mucous membrane are clearly visible, in the fall the plaque is drier and lighter, and in winter it is yellowish. It is also important to observe oral hygiene: use special toothbrushes with a ribbed back surface for the tongue.

healthy language

The color is evenly pink, the tongue is moist, without plaque, grooves, spots, etc. This is an indicator that the stomach and digestive system are functioning well.

Light white coating

Indicates problems with the gastrointestinal tract or liver. To establish a more accurate diagnosis (low acidity, stomach ulcers, etc.), you should consult a doctor.

Intense white coating

A thick layer of white plaque signals that some systems in the body do not fully perform their functions. This may also indicate the presence of a viral infection.

Yellow plaque

This is a sign of liver or gallbladder disease. It also appears with poor digestion, constipation.

Grooved and unevenly colored tongue

The so-called "geographical" language is a sign of gastrointestinal ailments. If the grooves are so deep that they look like cracks, this is a signal of high blood sugar. A specialist will help to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Pale white tongue

A white or pale color of the tongue indicates digestive diseases. This symptom is often accompanied by loose stools, cold hands and feet, fatigue, and sometimes bloating.

And an excessively pale and dry tongue often indicates a blood deficiency, which can be accompanied by dizziness, anxiety, memory impairment, insomnia, cracked lips, and anemia.

bright red tongue

A bright red tongue almost always signals an infection in the body. Red dots on the tongue may be a sign of fever or inflammation in the blood. In children, this may be an immune response to an infection. A dark red color is a sign of impaired kidney function or intoxication of the body.

Tongue with red tip

The tip of the tongue is an indicator of the region of the heart. If the tip of the tongue turns red without the presence of a disease. this may indicate nervous shocks.

Red edge tongue

testifies to excessive enthusiasm spicy or fatty foods, alcohol. According to Eastern doctors, long-standing anger or resentment can still manifest itself in this way.

purple tongue

Most often, this coloration of the tongue is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B2. It can also be seen in women who have problems with their menstrual cycle or in people who experience chronic pain.

bluish tongue

A bluish tongue is a serious signal. You need to see a doctor urgently. This is a sign that the tissue is not getting enough oxygen. It can also indicate the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, dysfunctions of the heart or respiratory tract.

yellow tongue

If yellowness does not go away for a long time, it is a sign of diseases of the liver and gallbladder. And when the front of the tongue is yellow, it is a sign of hepatitis.

Greenish tongue

A greenish coating may appear with severe poisoning, including alcohol intoxication.

Ancient Chinese healers believe that the tongue is an extension of our heart, so it is very important to monitor its condition.

The period of incubation of the causative agent of scarlet fever is from 3 to 7 days (sometimes increases to 11 days). The disease begins with acute inflammation of the tonsils, body temperature rises to 39-40 ° C, pain in the neck increases. Less commonly, there are signs of general intoxication such as nausea and headaches.

sore throat when swallowing;
enlarged lymph nodes;
the temperature rises above 38.5 ° C;
convulsions begin (in severe cases);
appetite disappears, nausea and vomiting begin (in 60–80% of babies);
the tonsils swell, the mucous membrane of the throat becomes bright red with white or yellowish spots;
a rash appears in the form of pink and red nodules, small spots on the face, neck, torso;
there is a contrast between scarlet spots on the cheeks and pale skin in the mouth and nose;
felt bad smell from mouth;
the tongue turns crimson.

During the first 12 hours, the skin remains unchanged. On the second day, the peak of symptoms of intoxication is observed. During this period, it is not always possible to determine what kind of illness the child has. A rash then appears on the upper chest, arms, inner thighs, groin, and sides of the abdomen.

Small, firm nodules and spots are formed, the color of which varies from pink to cherry. Gradually, the rash spreads to other parts of the body. The skin in the area of the nasolabial triangle, in the center of the face, on the chin looks pale.

The tongue is initially covered with a whitish coating. After 3-4 days, the plaque dissolves. The tongue becomes red and shiny, the taste buds swell. The sight resembles strawberries or raspberries, hence the name "strawberry tongue". Complaints of feeling unwell persist from one to three days from the moment when the first signs appear.

It is necessary to call a doctor at home if the child has a temperature above 38.5 ° C, vomiting, abdominal pain, problems with swallowing.

Rashes spread mainly on the face, neck, chest, armpits. Then they move to the arms and legs, to the inguinal region. Symptoms of uncomplicated scarlet fever begin to regress after 4–5 days. The temperature drops, peeling of the skin begins. The tongue is completely cleared in 10-14 days. Peeling in the rash area lasts 10-20 days.

Bacteria is the cause of scarlet fever

The disease is caused by group A hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Under certain conditions, bacteria secrete exotoxins or superantigens that interact with the body's T-lymphocytes. The immune system reacts, resulting in a rash, enlarged lymph nodes.

The peak incidence of scarlet fever occurs in children between 3 and 10 years of age. Outbreaks in schools or kindergartens occur in autumn and winter, but most often in November. According to experts, during the winter months, one in eight people may be asymptomatic carrier strains of the causative agent of scarlet fever. Minimum incidence in April.

The risk of activation of hemolytic streptococcus A is increased by:

chronic tonsillitis;
atopic dermatitis;
various forms of exudative diathesis;
chronic pathological changes in the nasopharynx;
AIDS and other disorders of the immune system;
pathology of the adrenal glands;
malnutrition;
reduced body weight;
diabetes.

The incubation period rarely exceeds 11 days. Usually, 2-8 days after infection, the child's body temperature suddenly rises, purulent inflammation of the tonsils begins. The changes are caused by the active reproduction of hemolytic streptococcus. stands out a large number of exotoxins, an inflammatory process develops, allergic reactions occur.

Diagnostics

If the typical symptoms of scarlet fever in children are already present, then the doctor will easily determine the disease during the initial examination. Often only found common features: mild sore throat, slight rash in the middle of the neck and armpits.

Critical to the diagnosis of the disease are characteristics scarlet fever in children:

Intoxication - acute onset with fever, chills, headache, weakness.
Spotted rash that occurs mainly in the natural folds of the body.
Slightly swollen, flaming cheeks in a child against the background of a pale nasolabial region (upper Filatov's triangle).
Sore throat when swallowing.
"Flaming pharynx" - reddened tonsils, palatine arches, uvula.
"Strawberry tongue" - bright red with enlarged papillae.
Increased rash in the groin (lower triangle of Filatov).
Peeling on the hands and feet after the disappearance of the rash (the skin exfoliates in layers).

In atypical cases of scarlet fever in children, an express test is used for diagnosis or a throat swab is taken from the child. The first type of diagnosis allows you to detect streptococcus, but does not have sufficient sensitivity. To study a throat swab in the laboratory, a microbiological culture is performed. In this case, antibiotic therapy is prescribed after the detection of streptococcus in microbial culture.

A throat swab is taken in the morning before meals. You can not gargle before the analysis, brush your teeth. With scarlet fever, blood counts change. Analyzes will show an increase in ESR, an increase in the number of neutrophilic leukocytes and eosinophils.

Therapy for a bacterial disease

The main treatment for scarlet fever in children is the use of an analogue of penicillin (amoxicillin). If you are allergic to this drug, the antibiotics clindamycin and erythromycin or azithromycin (from the macrolide group) are used. In severe cases, cephalosporins, in particular ceftriaxone, are prescribed. The antibiotic is taken for the entire period prescribed by the doctor in order to completely eliminate streptococcal bacteria in the body.

The doctor decides how many days the antibacterial treatment of scarlet fever is carried out. Antibiotics are usually given within 7-10 days. Reduction of symptoms is usually observed 48 years after the start of treatment.

Thanks to the use of antibiotics, the rash with scarlet fever heals faster, other symptoms appear less. Treatment helps prevent possible Negative consequences. However, the rash does not disappear immediately; it takes some time for the pathogens to die.

Streptococcus secretes a large amount of toxins that cause allergic reactions. Therefore, the child should take antihistamines. To the choice medicines from this group should be approached with caution, because almost everyone has an age limit.

Allergic reactions may be side effects antibiotic therapy. In this case, you need to switch to another antibiotic.

Treatment at home:

Give ibuprofen or paracetamol in the form of a syrup, a suspension for inflammation, fever.
Compresses, rinses, lozenges and lozenges with local antiseptics are used to relieve sore throats.
If the child is itchy, combing the skin, then you need to cut the nails short so as not to bring superinfection.

Bed rest must be observed if the child has heat, severe pain in the throat, abdomen. They give a warm drink, and the patient needs a lot of liquid. You can cook soups, compotes, jelly. It is useful for a child to take foods with vitamins C and B.

Scarlet fever disease is considered cured if, after 21 days from the onset of scarlet fever, hemolytic streptococcus is not detected in throat swabs. Antibodies remain in the blood, which provide long-term immunity to the causative agent of scarlet fever.

Complications

Lack of treatment increases the risk of spreading the infection in the body, leading to serious life-threatening illnesses. Complications of scarlet fever include inflammation of the middle ear, sinuses. In rare cases, blood poisoning occurs, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome develops.

Complications of scarlet fever:

otitis;
sinusitis;
pneumonia;
lymphadenitis;
glomerulonephritis;
myocarditis;
meningitis;
hepatitis;
sepsis.

For kids early age characterized by an atypical course of scarlet fever, purulent-septic complications.

Streptococcal infection was one of the leading causes of death in children and adolescents 70 years ago. Antibacterial therapy avoids such a development of events. Epidemics of scarlet fever are on the rise a rare occurrence. Thanks to modern antibacterial drugs, recovery occurs in almost 100% of cases.

Is scarlet fever dangerous for pregnant women? Treatment includes taking antibiotics, and this is undesirable during the period of bearing a child. Doctors advise women during pregnancy to use a mask on the mouth and nose, to be in next room if there is a patient with scarlet fever in the house.

Prevention

Parents seek to find out from the pediatrician when the scarlet fever vaccine is given. But there is no such vaccine. Immunity to streptococcus is not developed for life, unlike the "classic" pathogens. infectious diseases childhood(measles, chickenpox, rubella).

In traditional Chinese medicine, tongue diagnosis is one of the the most important techniques when examining a patient. This technique is simple and convenient. It not only allows you to make the correct diagnosis, but also to a certain extent predict the course of the disease and select the most effective treatment. Therefore, it is no coincidence that when he comes to an appointment with a doctor, he offers you to show your tongue.

With various diseases, there are different unpleasant sensations in the oral cavity, and according to changes general view language can make a prediction of the disease.

When examining the tongue, the doctor determines its color, shape, swelling, thickness, moisture, imprints of the teeth, the severity of the vessels under the tongue, the color and nature of the plaque.

The tongue of a healthy person is pink, clean and shiny; plaque indicates the presence of any disease. Not less than important indicator is a violation of the relief of the tongue, the appearance of various grooves. This often indicates a violation of vitamin metabolism.

Anatomy of the tongue

The tongue is a muscular organ formed mainly by striated muscle tissue, the fibers of which are assembled into bundles intertwined with each other, located in three planes. This feature of the arrangement of the fibers allows movement in all directions and gives elasticity to the tongue.

The blood supply to the tongue comes from the lingual artery. Venous blood flows through the lingual vein, which flows into the internal jugular vein. Lymph flows from the tip of the tongue to the mental lymph nodes, from the body to the submandibular, from the root to the pharynx. The innervation of the muscle mass and the mucous membrane of the tongue is carried out separately: the muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, the two anterior thirds of the mucous membrane are the lingual nerve (from the third branch of the trigeminal nerve) and the intermediate nerve, the posterior third from the glossopharyngeal nerve, the root area near the epiglottis is innervated from the vagus nerve (superior laryngeal nerve ).

The upper surface of the tongue is covered with mucous and is divided into three parts: the tip, the body (together form the oral part of the tongue) and the root (pharyngeal part), separated from the oral part by a terminal V-shaped groove. The lower surface of the tongue is smooth and has two fringed folds converging anteriorly .

The mucous membrane covering the oral part of the tongue is rough, due to the presence of a large number of papillae. In total, 4 types of papillae are distinguished.

Filiform papillae are located throughout the oral part of the tongue and give the mucous membrane a velvety touch. They are relatively tall, narrow, conical-shaped formations with racemose epithelial formations at the tops.

Fungiform papillae are located mainly closer to the edges and at the tip of the tongue. As the name implies, they look like small mushrooms with a flattened pinkish hat, so they are quite distinguishable (especially in children) against the background of the velvety surface of the tongue.

Gutter papillae are the largest and number from 7 to 11. They are located anterior to the terminal groove and repeat its V-shape. The papilla consists of a central eminence surrounded by an annular groove, around which there is a ridge of the mucous membrane.

Foliate papillae are located in the lateral sections of the tongue and consist of 5-8 folds separated by grooves, running almost across the surface of the tongue. They are better expressed in the middle-posterior parts of the tongue.

The mucous membrane covering the root of the tongue does not form papillae, but is represented by an accumulation of lymphatic follicles in its own plate under the epithelium, forming the lingual tonsil

The filiform papillae contain specialized nerve endings conveying the sensation of touch. Most fungiform papillae contain taste receptors, and the gutter papillae also contain taste receptors.

Language Examination Rules

Language reflects state internal organs changing its shape, color and coating on the surface.

Even if you feel absolutely healthy, the tongue can indicate weakened organs and systems. In the morning, on an empty stomach, look at your tongue: about 3 cm from the tip of the tongue is the projection of the heart; the root of the tongue is a projection of the intestine; at the root of the tongue, on the left side - the projection of the left kidney, and on the right - the right kidney. If a white coating appears on some part of the tongue, then the corresponding organ is sick. Yellow tongue indicates liver disease, red - about heart disease.

When conducting a diagnosis, the doctor must adhere to simple rules:

Inspection is preferably carried out in diffused daylight or under the light of fluorescent lamps.
The patient should maximally (without excessive tension of the muscles of the pharynx) stick out his tongue. If at the same time it is still not possible to examine the root of the tongue, then you can use a spatula.
With nasal congestion and some other diseases, a person begins to breathe through his mouth, so the tongue will be dry (this is especially important to consider when examining the tongue in the morning, when saliva accumulates and condenses in the mouth overnight). In this case, the study should be repeated after rinsing the mouth.
It is better to inspect in the morning, immediately after the patient wakes up. With dynamic monitoring of the state of the language, the examination is carried out at the same time.
It should be remembered that some foods (for example, blueberries, raspberries) change the color of the tongue and plaque on it. After significant physical exertion and psycho-emotional overstrain the humidity and color of the plaque changes, so in such cases it is better to postpone the study for a while.
The color of the tongue and the state of its surface are changed by many medications, so you should first find out this side of the anamnesis.

Tongue sizes

A short tongue has a length one and a half to two times less than usual. Often the shortening of the tongue is accompanied by dryness and pallor of its surface. The short one is found in sepsis and is a very dangerous symptom of internal heat.

If the long tongue is pale, dryish, thin, clean or with a thin white coating at the root, then this indicates the presence of chronic diseases. If such a state of the tongue is accompanied by an arrhythmic empty pulse, then this indicates the exhaustion of the nervous system.

If on long tongue there is a slight swelling, which is determined only by the presence of imprints of teeth along the edges, this indicates diseases of the spleen and kidneys. If the swelling is large, so that the tongue does not fit in the mouth, the color of the tongue is red, then this indicates heart disease. A swollen cyanotic (often dryish) tongue indicates acute poisoning, and if black spines are simultaneously found on its surface or small sores on the tip, then the patient's condition is critical and he needs emergency resuscitation.

Tongue surface

Normally, the tongue is smooth with barely noticeable filiform papillae, giving the surface of the tongue a velvety touch. Closer to the edges of the tongue, mushroom-shaped papillae are noticeable (in summer, they are normally more pronounced and better distinguishable). Between the body and the root of the tongue are from 7 to 11 trough-shaped papillae.

In children, the papillae are more prominent and the surface of the tongue appears mottled (mostly as a result of hypertrophy of the fungiform papillae).

Persistent dryness of the tongue may indicate dehydration due to an intestinal infection. This phenomenon is also observed in appendicitis, complicated course of peptic ulcer and internal bleeding, as well as in biliary dyskinesia and gastritis.

In diseases, cracks, spines, sores and spots appear on the surface of the tongue.

Cracks indicate fluid loss and retention of a febrile pathogen in the body.

In some cases, there is a so-called geographical language, which is considered a variant of the norm. Therefore, you should definitely ask the patient if there were any cracks before the illness (that is, if he has a geographical language). If the cracks on the surface of the tongue are quite wide, deep, have permanent localization and have appeared recently, then this indicates the patient's predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases. If the tongue is covered with cracks and you are constantly thirsty, then you need to go for a consultation with an endocrinologist.

Spines give the surface of the tongue a rough appearance and generally indicate the accumulation of pathogenic heat inside the body. A red or pale tongue with cyanotic spines at the tip indicates stagnation of food in the middle part of the body (zhong-jiao).

Ulcers on the tongue are a manifestation of blood damage. With exogenous febrile diseases (mainly of an epidemic nature), small purple or slightly cyanotic sores appear more often on the tip of the tongue, which indicates that the blood level is affected by the pathogen (blood fever syndromes, septic condition). Under these conditions, there are solitary round ulcers with a cyanotic roller along the edges, the bottom of which is made of a whitish or dirty brown creamy mass. If the ulcer is areactive (i.e., there is no noticeable perifocal inflammation), then this indicates a critical state of exhaustion defensive forces organism requiring emergency therapy in specialized (often hematological) clinics.

Spots on the tongue appear with prolonged exposure to the pathogen on the body.

Curvature of the fold at the root of the tongue indicates a curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.

The curvature of the fold in the center of the tongue indicates a curvature of the spine in the thoracic region.

Curvature of the line at the tip of the tongue is a sign of curvature of the spine in the cervical region.

Imprints of teeth on the lateral surfaces of the tongue - chronic enterocolitis.

Multiple intertwining small folds of the tongue are a sign of a chronic disorder in the large intestine.

With Birmer's anemia, there is a smooth, as if scraped off tongue, devoid of the papillary layer. Clinical patients feel burning and tingling in the area of the tongue.

With violations of the functions of the cerebellum, cerebral circulation, hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, the tongue is bent or deviated to the side.

A tongue with deep transverse cracks indicates a predisposition to vascular disorders of the brain.

Flat sores on the tongue indicate tuberculosis.

Strips of foam on both sides of the tongue indicate rheumatism.

Tongue mobility

In people with an unstable psyche and in patients with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, muscle twitches are noticeable when protruding the tongue.

Rigid tongue hardly or does not move at all, speech is almost or completely absent, the tongue is tilted to the right or left, which indicates a stroke.

Trembling of the tongue indicates thyrotoxicosis, neurasthenic conditions, alcoholism, anxiety.

Diagnosis by language in children

In children, the tongue is normally pink, moist and very mobile. Breastfed babies may have a thin white coating on their tongue, which is not a sign of any disease. The papillae of the tongue are somewhat hypertrophied (especially mushroom-shaped), so it may look patchy.

In general, the interpretation of the data obtained in children is the same as in adults, but the thickness of the plaque is somewhat less. In fevers, children often have a peculiar tattered tongue or a smooth tongue.

Geographic language appears in children with dysbacteriosis.

Tongue color

If the tongue is white, then the person may have anemia.

Red tongue indicates fever syndromes. If the tongue is red and clean, then this is a sign early stage introduction of a febrile pathogen into the body. If the red tongue is long, swollen and does not fit in the mouth, then this indicates heart disease. Crimson is the extreme expression of red. Such a language indicates endogenous diseases.

Purple tongue appears when febrile diseases are not properly treated with alcohol or alcohol-containing drugs. It indicates the penetration of the pathogen into the heart and is a reflection of severe disorders of the peripheral circulation.

A purple tongue with a white smooth coating in the middle indicates damage to the body by alcohol, and a superficial white coating indicates an external syndrome with such clinical manifestations like headaches, stiffness of the back of the neck.

Purple tongue with dry yellow coating appears with the introduction of pathogenic heat into the stomach and spleen against the background of weakening them with alcohol and depletion of body fluids.

A purple tongue with a wet yellow coating indicates damage to the lungs and spleen. A high temperature appears, accompanied by bloating and pain when pressing on the stomach, flatulence, palpitations, which are further aggravated by the use of alcohol.

The blue tongue appears in the terminal stages of fevers.

Black tongue with red islands: the tongue is covered with a black dry coating, on which, like ulcers, red rounded areas of the clean tongue are visible. This symptom is very rare and reflects extreme the severity of the patient's condition and requires the use of emergency resuscitation measures.

A black tongue may indicate a cholera infection.

A gray, dry, spiny tongue indicates cardiovascular disease.

A red tongue with black dots indicates diseases of the stomach and spleen.

A red tongue with purple sores indicates lung disease, accompanied by a cough with copious sputum, intense thirst and anxiety. If such a symptom is detected, general resuscitation measures should be urgently carried out in a specialized pulmological hospital.

A red, long, dryish, swollen tongue indicates a serious heart disease.

A pale red, rigid tongue deviated to one side indicates a cerebral hemorrhage. If such a tongue appears during febrile illnesses and fibrillar twitches are noticeable on its surface, then this is a very dangerous symptom of the threat of a stroke.

The tongue is red, pale, thin and long, it seems decrepit - this is a sign of exhaustion of the heart, which happens with prolonged diseases of this organ, after a myocardial infarction, with heart defects.

A bright red, dry tongue appears after profuse sweating during physical activity and (rarely) in febrile illnesses.

The yellow color of the tongue indicates problems with bile secretion or liver disease.

Bluish, bluish or purple indicates defects in the work of the heart and congestion in the cardiovascular system.

The "varnished" tongue has a shiny, smooth, bright red surface due to atrophy of the taste buds. It occurs with stomach cancer, the inability of the body to absorb vitamin B2, chronic colitis.

The so-called "chess" tongue, covered with a hard-to-separate black-brown coating, with cracks resembling a chessboard, belongs to a variety of "varnished" tongue. This happens with pellagra (deficiency of nicotinic acid and vitamin B). In the late stage of pellagra, the tongue acquires a red tint with a varnished surface - the "cardinal tongue".

With scarlet fever, the tongue resembles strawberries with sour cream - alternating white and red spots.

A white, dry, cracked tongue is indicative of pneumonia.

Plaque on the tongue

A thin coating is considered to be such, through which it is possible to distinguish the outlines of the surface of the tongue, through a thick one it is no longer possible to do this.

In general, a thin coating reflects the penetration of the pathogen onto the surface of the body and appears in the early stages of exogenous diseases. In most cases, thick plaque indicates a particular lesion of the digestive system, both functional and organic.

In the early stages of febrile and some other diseases, there is a thin coating on the tongue. If in the course of the disease it thickens, then this indicates an unfavorable symptom, indicating the gradual penetration of the pathogen deep into the body. If, in the course of the disease, the initially thick plaque gradually becomes thinner, then this indicates the gradual elimination of the pathogen.

The consistency of plaque depends mainly on the processes of water metabolism, the state of body fluids and the conductivity of the kidneys. If the surface of the tongue is excessively wet, saliva flows out of the mouth, then such a tongue is called slippery, or wet. This condition appears due to the accumulation of harmful water in the body, phlegm and dampness, as well as the inability of the lungs to lower the water down.

Plaque color is the most important integrated assessment language state.

Plaque on the middle of the tongue indicates poor functioning of the spleen, stomach or pancreas, and on the front of the tongue indicates lung disease.

White plaque appears in the early stages of febrile illnesses. The patient feels moderate fever, intolerance to cold or wind, chills, stiffness and soreness in the back of the neck, heaviness in the lower back and headaches.

A thick, white, moist coating appears in diseases of the bladder and small intestine.

Thick, white, dry plaque with febrile diseases appears on the 4-6th day of illness. It indicates lung disease.

White, dry plaque with black spines indicates diseases of the stomach and gallbladder.

A white tip of the tongue and a yellow coating at the root indicate the development of lobar pneumonia, and with the first rise in temperature, the patient's condition deteriorates sharply, which requires emergency hospitalization. Such a language often occurs during exacerbations of chronic diseases of the bronchopulmonary system.

White, thick, dryish coating on the tongue (feeling as if the mouth were full of white crumbs) occurs in epidemic diseases. Dryness of the plaque indicates extreme depletion of body fluids.

Thin, yellow, dry plaque indicates diseases of the stomach.

The tongue is red, a thin smooth yellow coating is visible on its tip, which indicates the initial stage of gastric ulcer.

A dry tongue, the base of which is lined with a gray coating, indicates ulcerative processes in the intestines.

Dirty brown plaque on the tongue is very common in chronic diseases of the stomach and pancreas and in the vast majority of cases indicates an exacerbation of chronic gastritis with reduced secretion (up to achilia).

A dirty brown thick coating in the middle of the tongue indicates a deep lesion of the stomach and spleen, it also occurs in disorders of the biliary system. If the plaque is inhomogeneous (usually on the edge), then this is sufficiently informative indicating the presence of a stomach ulcer and / or cicatricial deformity of the gastric outlet.

A dirty-colored tongue with a yellow coating in the middle speaks of chronic gastritis, indicating a pre-ulcerative condition.

Limescale at the root of the bluish tongue speaks of blood diseases.

If the back of the tongue is covered with plaque, then the large intestine is clogged with toxins and toxins.

Foamy plaque - chronic bronchitis.

Brown plaque - bilateral pneumonia.

With a plaque on the middle part of the tongue and a light red color of its tip and edges, one can think of a violation of the acid-forming function of the stomach.

Rash on the tongue

A rash may appear on the mucous membrane of the tongue, as well as on the skin, with certain diseases. Papules by appearance reminiscent of pimples - high cone-shaped formations of pink-red, burgundy, brown or even cyanotic color. Such papules can occur on the tongue with syphilis.

small, shiny, white color pimples-papules on the sides of the tongue can be a sign of lichen planus. They often occur simultaneously with the appearance of a skin rash, but sometimes they can be the only manifestation of the disease. Usually a fairly large number of papules spill out on the tongue, and together they form a pattern resembling a fine mesh or fern leaf.

White or yellowish pyramid-shaped outgrowths on the tongue, usually small in size (no more than 2 mm), may be a sign of a special form of pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx). At the same time, they appear not only on the tongue, but also on the tonsils and the back of the pharynx. To the touch, these outgrowths are dense, painless. There are no other signs of the disease. This form of pharyngitis is not dangerous if there are not too many outgrowths and they do not interfere with pronunciation

Ulcers on the surface of the tongue

An ulcer is a sore that long time does not heal. Ulcers on the surface of the tongue can be a sign of Crohn's disease. This disease takes most digestive system, starting with the intestines. At the same time, ulcers appear on the mucous membrane. Ulcers may vary. Ulcers in Crohn's disease are usually small, appear in several pieces at once and cause a lot of discomfort. If one ulcer appears on the surface of the tongue (most often on the back) (it can be of various sizes), round or oval, with clear boundaries, with a bright red, shiny, hard surface - this is a sign of the primary period of syphilis.

A syphilitic ulcer almost never hurts. Its edges only slightly rise above the surface of the tongue or are on the same level with it. Sometimes its bottom can be covered with a grayish-yellow film.

N. Olshanskaya "Hand and foot: treatment according to energy points. Secrets of beauty and health. Su-jok"

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The tongue is often called the strongest muscle in the body, but it is made up of a group of muscles with which a person tastes, swallows, or speaks.

healthy language pink and covered with tubercles called papillae.

The language is constantly at work, so it is very unpleasant when such important body problems appear, such as discoloration and swelling. There are many causes of tongue diseases, but, fortunately, most of them are not serious and can be easily treated.

In some cases, discoloration and swelling of the tongue indicates more serious diseases, such as beriberi, AIDS, or cancer of the larynx. In this regard, you need to consult a doctor immediately when alarming symptoms appear.

Causes of white coating on the tongue There are many factors that cause white coating on the tongue.

Leukoplakia. In this disease, the cells in the mouth grow very rapidly, leading to the formation of white plaques in the mouth and on the tongue. Leukoplakia itself is not harmful, but it can also be a harbinger of cancer. Therefore, the dentist must determine the exact cause of the appearance of white plaques. The disease also develops as a result of irritation of the tongue, which is often observed in smokers.

Candidiasis stomatitis of the oral cavity. This disease (also known as candidiasis, thrush) is a yeast infection that develops in the mouth and is characterized by the formation of white plaques, similar to cottage cheese, on the surface of the tongue and mouth. Candidiasis is common in newborns, young children, and the elderly, especially those who wear dentures or those with weakened immune systems. The risk group also includes people with diabetes and people taking spray steroids for lung disease and asthma. Candidiasis often develops after taking antibiotics that kill the microflora of the oral cavity. In this case, you need to consume yogurt with live bacteria along with antifungal medications.

Lichen planus of the mouth. If you have a network of white lacy lines on your tongue, you most likely have lichen planus. The cause of this disease is not yet fully understood. To relieve irritation, you can use oral hygiene, quitting smoking and limiting the intake of certain foods.

Reasons for the appearance of red or " strawberry tongue” There are many factors that cause the tongue to change shape and color (turn red). Sometimes it resembles strawberries with enlarged red taste buds on the surface. The reasons are:

Avitaminosis: lack of folic acid and vitamin B12 provokes a red tint of the tongue;

Geographic language. This disease is also called "migratory glossitis" because of the red map-like spots. Sometimes these plaques have a white outline around the edges, and they can also migrate. This disease is considered harmless, but you should still see a doctor if these symptoms do not disappear after two weeks.If the doctor has diagnosed "geographic tongue", no further treatment is necessary.In case of pain, local medications should be taken.

Scarlet fever. This is a streptococcal infection that causes the appearance of a strawberry tongue. With a high temperature and a sharp reddening of the tongue, you should immediately seek help from a doctor and start a course of antibiotic treatment.

Kawasaki syndrome. Acute febrile disease of childhood, characterized by damage to the coronary and other vessels with possible education strawberry tongue. In the acute phase of the disease, children experience a very high temperature, redness and swelling of the hands and feet.

Causes of black hairy tongue Terrible in appearance, the black hairy tongue is not a cause for concern. Small papillae on the surface of the tongue grow throughout life. In some people, they become extremely long and accumulate bacteria, which darken over time, and the papillae become hairy.

This disease is rare, and usually occurs in people who do not take good care of their oral cavity, as well as those who have undergone chemotherapy and those with diabetes.

Causes of soreness of the tongue There are many factors that cause pain, among them:

Injuries. Accidental biting and burning of the tongue provokes pain until the wound heals. Clenching and grinding can also irritate the sides of the tongue and cause pain.

Smoking. Excessive smoking irritates the tongue and causes pain.

Aphthous stomatitis. Many may experience ulcers on the tongue in certain period life. The reason is still unclear, but one thing is clear - during the period stressful situations recurrence of the disease occurs.

glossodynia. Sometimes women during menopause complain of a burning sensation of the tongue.

Enlarged papillae. With inflammation and irritation of the papillae, they increase and become painful.

certain diseases.

Some diseases, including diabetes and anemia, are characterized by painful sensations of the tongue.

Oncological diseases of the oral cavity. In most cases, a painful tongue is not a cause for concern, but when symptoms persist after a week, a doctor should be consulted. Many cancers do not have pain in the early stages, but the absence of pain does not mean that everything is in order.

Due to the fact that the tongue works all the time, any problems with it, including discoloration and soreness, cause a lot of trouble.

Although often referred to as "the strongest muscle in the body," the tongue is made up of a whole group of muscles that allow us to taste food, swallow, and speak. A healthy tongue is pink and covered with small nodules called papillae.

Due to the fact that the tongue works all the time, any problems with it, including discoloration and soreness, cause a lot of trouble. There are many causes for a number of common tongue diseases. Fortunately, most language problems are not serious and can be resolved in a short time.

In some cases, however, a discolored or painful tongue may indicate a more serious condition, including beriberi, AIDS, or oral cancer. For this reason, it is important to see a doctor if there are any ongoing problems with the tongue.

What are the causes of white language?

There are a number of things that can cause a whitish coating or white patches on the tongue, including:

Leukoplakia. In this condition, the cells in the mouth grow very rapidly. This in turn leads to the formation of white spots inside the mouth, including on the tongue. Although the condition itself is not dangerous, leukoplakia can be a precursor to cancer. Therefore, it is important for the dentist to determine the cause of the appearance of white spots on the tongue. Leukoplakia can develop when the tongue is irritated, and it is also common in people who smoke.
Oral thrush. Also known as candidiasis, thrush is a yeast infection that develops inside the mouth. As a result, white spots appear on the surfaces of the oral cavity and tongue, which are similar in consistency to cottage cheese. Thrush is most common in infants and the elderly, especially those who wear dentures or people with weakened immune systems. People with diabetes and those taking inhaled steroids for asthma or lung disease may also suffer from thrush. Thrush usually resolves with antibiotics, which can also kill the "good" bacteria in your mouth. Eating plain yogurt with live and active cultures will help restore the necessary microflora.
Lichen planus of the mouth. If a network of white lines raised above the surface is observed on the tongue, which looks like lace, this is a sign of lichen planus. Doctors often cannot determine the cause of this condition, which usually goes away on its own. Adhering to proper oral hygiene, avoiding smoking and food that can irritate the mucous membrane, the patient will speed up recovery.

What are the causes of a red or "strawberry" tongue?

There are several factors that can turn a normally pink tongue into red. In some cases, the tongue may even take on the appearance of a strawberry with enlarged red taste buds on the surface. Possible reasons:

Vitamin deficiency. Deficiencies in folic acid and vitamin B-12 can cause reddening of the tongue.
Geographic language. This condition, also known as focal desquamative glossitis, is named after a geographical map for the pattern of reddish spots that appear on the surface of the tongue. Sometimes these rashes have a white border, and their location on the tongue may change over time. Although they are generally harmless, red spots that persist for more than 2 weeks should be examined by a dentist. Once the dentist has determined that the redness is the result of the disease, no further treatment is required. If your tongue is sore or there is discomfort, your doctor may prescribe topical medications to help relieve the discomfort.
Scarlet fever. People who contract this infection may develop a "strawberry" tongue. It is urgent to see a doctor if there is a high temperature and a red tongue. Scarlet fever is treated with antibiotics.
Kawasaki syndrome. This disease, usually seen in children under 5 years of age, affects blood vessels in the body and can lead to the appearance of a "strawberry" tongue. At an advanced stage of the disease, children have a high fever, and there may also be redness and swelling on the hands and feet.

Sourced from www.webmd.com