At what age are strong shocks easily tolerated? Split mental states. mental shock

Everyone periodically encounters strong unpleasant emotions, someone easily copes with their experiences, others startle for months and see nightmares at night, and for some the load is too great and they experience psychological shock. This state, on the one hand, helps to protect the human psyche, preserving and “preserving” it, and on the other hand, it is extremely dangerous for mental health.

Manifestations of psychological shock can be encountered at any age, it is especially dangerous for children and adolescents: an unstable psyche cannot always cope with it on its own, and others often underestimate the seriousness of the problem.

Shock is a pathological reaction that develops in response to the action of stimuli on the human body, the strength of which exceeds its compensatory capabilities.

Psychological shock is also an acute, life-threatening condition in which the work of all systems functioning in the body is disrupted.

This condition occurs due to too strong emotional experiences are usually negative. It is impossible to determine exactly what events can cause such a reaction. The limits of compensatory possibilities, as well as sensitivity, are different for each person. AT childhood shock can occur due to events that do not seem too scary in adulthood, also a lot depends on the type nervous system, mental health of a person, his emotional state.

Reasons for shock:

Life-threatening situation - catastrophes, fires, natural disasters and other critical situations.
Physical or emotional abuse.
Ill-treatment, beatings.
Severe physical pain due to injury, illness, and so on.
Emotional shock caused by significant events for a person.

Whether or not symptoms of shock occur in a person depends not only on the type and strength of the impact, but also on the constitutional features of his psyche.

Predisposing factors include:

Personality features - psychosis often occurs in psychopathic, hysterical personalities, emotionally unstable, prone to depression and anxiety.
An experienced emotional shock or psychological trauma - an already experienced shock, even if it did not cause any visible consequences, can leave a deep imprint in the mind and subconscious of a person. For example, memories of a fire experienced in childhood can cause shock in an adult who suddenly sees a big fire.
craniocerebral trauma, infectious diseases- damage to the nervous system and brain caused by diseases or injuries can also trigger the development of shock.
Intoxication, alcoholism, drug addiction - the use of toxic substances causes death and damage nerve cells and also a general weakening of the body.
Hormonal diseases - hormonal imbalance in the body leads to dysregulation of the brain and can also become a predisposing factor.
Mental illness - depression, psychosis, neurosis, epilepsy, schizophrenia and other diseases are one of the most important risk factors.
General weakening of the body - exhaustion, vitamin deficiency, chronic fatigue and lack of sleep also often provoke this condition.

Shock Symptoms

Mental shock can manifest itself in different ways. Sometimes it is difficult even for a specialist to immediately make a correct diagnosis or suspect the development of this life-threatening condition.

There are 3 main forms of the disease:

motor excitation
Stupor
Emotional paralysis.

Psychosis is also divided into phases or types, depending on the duration and course of the disease:

Acute psychosis or shock - occurs with severe psycho-emotional trauma, characterized by the maximum manifestation of all the symptoms of shock.
Subacute psychosis - develops more often in a person who has fallen into a severe life situation, which is in a state of constant nervous excitement(for example, in judicial practice). It can be hysterical psychosis, psychogenic depression, psychogenic paranoid and psychogenic stupor.
Prolonged shock is a character for people with an existing or diagnosed mental pathology. With this form of the disease, hysterical depressions, delusions, pseudo-dementia disorders are noted.

Motor excitation during shock is manifested inappropriate behavior man - he performs a large number of different actions. It can be meaningless, chaotic movements, fussiness, the need to do something all the time. Moreover, movements and actions are meaningless, so during a fire or an accident, a person tramples in one place, waving his arms, screaming, running around the source, but he can neither run away nor take any action to eliminate the problem. It is very difficult to bring a person “to life” in a state of shock; as a rule, he is not available for contact, does not answer questions, does not listen and does not accept instructions.

With the development of stupor, the patient cannot move, he seems to “freeze”, unable to control own body. The contact is also not available, when trying to get out of this state, motor excitation or aggression.

Emotional paralysis is characterized by the absence of a visible reaction to a situation or experience. The person seems to neither feel nor feel anything. In this case, all reactions are slow, consciousness may be partially absent. This type of reaction is often observed in children and adolescents who have experienced psychological trauma. They seem to “move away” from their own experiences, withdrawing into themselves and not showing emotions.

In addition to changes in the psyche and behavior, emotional shock is manifested by somatic changes: slowing or increased heart rate, profuse sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, involuntary urination, and so on.

You can suspect the development of shock in a person by the following symptoms:

Inappropriate behavior
Inability to make productive contact with others
Long stay in one state
somatic manifestations.

Treatment

Treatment of shock depends on the severity of the patient's condition and the nature of the traumatic situation. In severe cases, hospitalization is required, the use of tranquilizers or antipsychotics to remove from a state of shock. Supportive therapy may also be required to stabilize the work of the heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract and other organs.

All patients who have experienced psychic shock need further treatment: psychotherapy, work with a psychologist, taking antidepressants and restorative drugs, as well as prevention of traumatic events.

Last update: 18/01/2014

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a severe mental condition that occurs as a result of a severe emotional shock, such as a life threat. This is what happened to a young man named Tony.

Let's look at an example of how post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be the result of a single traumatic event.

Tony's childhood was pretty stable. Although his parents divorced when Tony was 8, he, his mother, brothers and sisters all lived together, and his father, who remained in the same city after the divorce, visited them regularly. While studying at school, Tony had some difficulties in mastering the material, because of this he sometimes became discouraged. As a result, his grades were not the best. But this did not interfere with his success in sports, and he always had many friends.

When Tony was 18, he entered military service. Such a decision seemed quite successful, because in this way he could see the world, serve his country, and in the future, perhaps go to college. In many ways, he liked the service - camaraderie, a stable income, in addition, he was seriously interested in the profession of a military signalman.

While serving in Afghanistan, Tony's car was blown up by an improvised explosive device. Everyone who was then in the car died, and Tony himself was seriously injured, including losing an eye. After that, he was sent to the United States, where he almost completely restored his health.

About two years have passed since then. Tony received disability benefits, worked as a tattoo artist and really missed his job, friends and dreams of a future that were not destined to come true. He believed that the consequences of the injury seriously affect his life. He and his girlfriend often quarreled, and once he even threw a glass at her. Tony missed, but the incident made him fearful - which meant he could lose control at any second.

Most of Tony's symptoms are classic post-traumatic stress disorder - he was haunted by flashbacks, very irritable and avoided talking about the explosion and everything related to it as much as possible. But there were other problems that complicated the situation: what is called in psychiatry hypervigilance made him extremely overreact to everything that happened. Attacks of anger often arose as if by themselves, and, as a rule, the young man himself could not understand their causes. In addition, Tony began to feel a craving for loneliness, which was not there before, and, even when he was surrounded by people, he felt isolated and isolated from them. Attention became scattered, memory problems began - Tony began to forget what had happened recently.

At first, Tony was afraid and ashamed to discuss his psychological problems with loved ones, so he decided to use the online chat for military personnel who had been in hot spots. There he met many people who not only did not consider him crazy, but also experienced similar symptoms. Several guys have already turned to psychotherapists for help, and this really helped them a lot. Tony decided to follow suit. The therapist explained to Tony from a psychological point of view what happened at the moment of the explosion, and how it later affected his body and mind. Tony also learned about seizure triggers and techniques to reduce psychological discomfort.

In the process, Tony remembered that he used to be good at drawing, so the therapist advised him to capture the traumatic event on paper - a few minutes before the explosion, the explosion itself and what happened after. Tony retold his story over and over again until he felt that the memories no longer come by themselves, and when he himself calls them, they are no longer so colorful and scary.

Tony felt relief almost immediately: the symptoms of the disease receded, and he himself was much more able to control himself and his mood. He continued treatment for a few more months to finally get over his anger and interpersonal problems. Unfortunately, Tony broke up with his girlfriend, but was able to survive the breakup much easier than he thought. He said he didn't want other veterans to be ashamed of the troubling symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, so he decided to volunteer and work with soldiers returning from trouble spots.

A small amount of stress mobilizes the body, activates defensive forces, in small doses, such an emotional load does not harm a person. But a long and strong traumatic factor has serious consequences. Health suffers, adaptive mechanisms and resources decrease, and it increases. How to recover after a hard experience? What to do when emotional shock does not allow you to fully live?

Causes and signs of severe stress

Strong emotional shock can affect anyone. Psychologists have developed a stress scale that includes the main traumatic categories. The first places on the scale are occupied by the death of a relative or friend, divorce and loneliness. In the last places are family quarrels, promotions and weddings. Even positive life events can cause increased stress.

The main symptoms of severe stress:

A person fixes on negative events. His thoughts are occupied with disturbing experiences, the experienced shock cannot be removed by simple means, for example, by physical activity.
Disturbed expression of emotions. A person is irritated, prone to outbursts of anger and rage, the symptoms of stress indicate a shattered nervous system. Some symptoms indicate a dullness of feelings, the inability to experience joy, orgasm, to enjoy life.
Interpersonal communication breaks down. After a trauma, an individual breaks off friendships, avoids communication, and strives for loneliness.
High intensity stress provokes the development of mental illness. The risk group includes people who have experienced childhood abuse, victims of violent crimes and others. In this case, the symptoms are associated with a violation of adaptation. A severe shock is reflected in dreams and becomes a deep inner experience.
Abuse of alcohol, toxic and narcotic substances.
Suicidal thoughts.

Symptoms of severe stress are more acute in women and the elderly. In childhood, on the contrary, boys experience emotional trauma more painfully than girls.

How stress affects the body

The consequences of an acute experience also affect health. It can be difficult to relieve symptoms after stress, as a person turns to narrow specialists, but does not treat the main cause - anxiety. Basic on the body:

Increased blood pressure, headache, tachycardia.
After an experienced shock, the work of the immune system is disrupted, protective functions organism.
The consequences of stress are manifested in the form of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Heartburn, gastritis, stool disorders, constipation - this is an incomplete list of stomach diseases due to severe anxiety.
Women have symptoms of thrush, dryness and burning during intercourse. Some women have menstrual irregularities.
The skin is suffering. Eczema, itching, rash of unknown origin - these are the consequences after experienced stress.

Symptoms may indicate deep trauma for example, pain during intercourse after abuse. In most cases, people who have experienced a tragedy need psychotherapeutic treatment.

Stress Relief Methods

What to do in a situation of strong emotion?

First option - .
The second option is by contacting a doctor.

What methods can be used to relieve severe stress? Let's look at a few tricks.

Method of Dr. Vetoz. To order emotional condition and cope with anxiety, imaginary generation can be used. Close your eyes, begin to mentally draw the sign of infinity - a horizontal figure eight. Represent the sign on a black board, draw it with chalk.
Breathing techniques. Doing the exercises is easy, just get to the point correct breathing. For example, with severe anxiety, start listening to your breathing, track your inhalation and exhalation.
affirmative formulas. You can remove fear and nervous experience with the help of special formulas in the form of a positive phrase. It is worth pronouncing it to yourself in a situation of unexpected shock. Example: "Stop. I'm calm" or "Stop. The fear is gone."
Switch from problem. You can get away from negative thoughts after an experienced trauma by switching to another activity. Physical activity, singing aloud, active dancing, running in the morning, breeding decorative birds. Any vigorous activity will help relieve stress. Self-immersion is dangerous negative thoughts will interfere with life.
meditation techniques. Teaching oriental practices is effective. It is pleasant to do meditation, it calms, relaxes, relieves anxiety.
Massage, acupuncture, leech treatment. Relieve stress with non-traditional methods can be combined with additional treatment.

What to do if the above methods do not help? Try to resort to prayer, faith saves in many difficult situations.

Video:"How to Deal with Stress"

Methods of treatment

Severe effects of stress must be removed with the help of a specialist. The doctor will assess the general condition, select the treatment, help to recover after strong feelings relieves symptoms. The main treatment includes a combination of psychotherapeutic techniques and medications. The approximate program includes the following procedures:

Doctors' examinations. Therapist, physiotherapist, cardiologist and others.
Consultation of a psychotherapist, designation of the course of work.
Appointment of tests according to indications.
To relieve the effects of stress, you should regularly attend classes with a psychotherapist. Work can be done individually or in a group.
Therapeutic relaxation gymnastics. It should be done regularly, then the effect will be long-lasting.
AT drug treatment includes prescribing anti-anxiety medications. It can be a sedative based on herbs, for example, "Persen" or a sedative based on chemical components, for example, "Afobazol". Potent drugs are prescribed only by a doctor, based on the patient's condition.
In maintenance therapy, therapists necessarily include proper nutrition, vitamin complexes, and adherence to the daily routine.

To remove the consequences after an emotional shock requires a long work. Treatment can be supplemented with complex programs, which include herbal medicine, coniferous baths, shower-massage and other methods.

You can deal with the effects of severe stress, modern techniques allow you to remove the alarm qualitatively and in a short time. But work on the treatment of tension should be done regularly, without abandoning the proposed methods.

But the "emergency resource" in our body also has its limits. And when it is not enough, exhaustion of the nervous system occurs. The impetus for the ultra-rapid consumption of our vitality can be a constant lack of sleep, sudden strong emotions and shocks, as well as a complex surgical operation or injury.

In general, stress is sometimes even useful, it shakes the body and hardens it. But long-term stress, which turns into chronic, exhausts our strength completely. And sometimes there comes a moment when only the qualified help of a specialist can help us return to a normal state.

Causes of nervous exhaustion

overwork due to prolonged work;

strong physiological stress, such as childbirth;

high level of responsibility;

long experiences and stresses;

surgical operations;

various diseases;

emotional trauma;

increased mental stress.

Nervous exhaustion symptoms

constant fatigue;

uncomfortable condition in the stomach or intestines;

non-seasonal exacerbation of chronic diseases (tonsillitis, gastritis, sinusitis, etc.).

Hypersthenic stage: the patient has irritability, fussiness. He himself understands that something is happening to him, but he cannot cope with it on his own. Often does not control their actions and emotions, provokes quarrels and conflicts. There is a headache and muscle pain, lack of sleep, insomnia, lethargy and decreased ability to work;

Irritable debility stage: the patient becomes irascible, but quickly withdraws. His thoughts are pessimistic, anxious. Pain in the heart, digestive disorders, allergic reactions, shortness of breath, dizziness are added to headaches;

The effect of nervous exhaustion on the body

Immunity. The weakening of the body leads to frequent diseases, a person is literally open to any viruses;

Nervous system. Stress, lack of sleep and psycho-emotional overload provoke the release a large number"stress hormones", which are very harmful in large quantities;

A heart. Cortisol and other stress hormones have a negative impact on the state of the cardiovascular system. A person complains of pain in the heart, arrhythmia, strong pressure drops;

Digestive system. Against the background of nervous exhaustion, cases of stomach ulcers and gastritis are not uncommon. Indigestion, weight gain or loss are the consequences of a lack of proper rest.

These were only the physical consequences of the exhaustion of the nervous system. In addition, social ties and the quality of human life suffer. Fatigue does not allow you to work normally and take care of your family, communication with relatives and friends does not bring joy, and a person begins to take out all his irritation on his relatives. Exhaustion of the nervous system is close to the borderline states of the psyche, which, without proper treatment, leads to the development of mental illness.

Nervous exhaustion treatment

It is necessary to properly organize the time of work and rest. Since almost every person works to provide for his own life, skillfully organized recreation becomes important part life. It is worth avoiding cases that require excessive spending of internal resources without the right to a long rest. Of course, hard work will help in building a career, but the same work can play a cruel joke on a person;

Healthy and sound sleep. Nothing restores a person's strength like sleep. Night rest should be taken very seriously, because constant lack of sleep leads to the accumulation of fatigue;

Sports and proper nutrition. Physical exercise perfectly relieve stress and saturate the human body with pleasant sensations from active movement. Sport is not only effective treatment nervous exhaustion, but also its prevention. But sport is nothing without a healthy and regular diet, which will include only natural products;

Enthusiasm. Writing, drawing, researching, watching movies, reading books, dancing - any hobby should help in the treatment of nervous exhaustion, as it perfectly relieves its symptoms. In addition, the preventive effect will not be long in coming.

Nervous exhaustion, not aggravated by depression, can be cured without much difficulty with the help of the above tips.

Treatment of nervous exhaustion with medication

A neurologist is the only non-psychic specialist who can identify nervous exhaustion. But the neurologist is not able to help in solving mental problems patient, so the causes that have come to this state will not be eliminated. Very often, with nervous exhaustion, vegetovascular dystonia is diagnosed. Medications for nervous exhaustion experts prescribe the following:

Vasodilators help relieve various pains, relieve vasospasm, eliminate oxygen starvation in brain cells: betaserc, ginkgo biloba, mexidol, tanakan, etc .;

With caution, nootropic substances are prescribed that support normal condition brain cells, because they can increase irritability - these are alzepil, tenoten, pantogram, ceraxon, etc .;

Vitamins of group B - riboflavin, thiamine, thiacin - have a beneficial effect on the human nervous system.

Preparations for nervous exhaustion have a very good effect on the body, containing sedatives that can remove the feeling of tension, anxiety states, make normal sleep, better rest.

Folk remedies for nervous exhaustion

Herbal teas, tinctures and infusions of medicinal plants

1) Rosehip infusion, due to the high content of carotene and vitamin C, will effectively increase immunity, and the rest of the active ingredients, in particular, B vitamins, will have a beneficial effect on the nervous system. For 250 ml of boiling water, a tablespoon of crushed rose hips is taken, it should be steamed for at least 12 hours in a thermos, taken with a bite of acacia, St. John's or buckwheat honey (a tablespoon) 3-4 times a day for a month;

2) infusion of chamomile, thanks to essential oils and a unique combination of biologically active phytonutrients, perfectly tones and calms the nerves. Chamomile infusion with honey helps with insomnia. A teaspoon of dried inflorescences is taken in a glass of boiling water and infused under the lid for about a minute. Take as tea, warm, three times a day;

3) a decoction of calamus rhizomes is prescribed as a tonic for CNS depression. 3 teaspoons of crushed krnya pour 400 ml of boiling water and boil under a lid over low heat for about a quarter of an hour, take after straining 100 ml three times a day for half an hour before meals;

4) extract (tincture) of radiola rosea is prescribed as an effective means for stimulating the central nervous system, as well as for neurasthenic conditions, weakness, overwork and decreased performance. Pour 50 g of crushed dried rhizomes in a dark glass dish with 0.5 l of vodka or diluted 1: 1 medical spirit, cork tightly and insist in a dark, cool place for about 15 days. Reception 25 drops 3 times a day half an hour before meals with water. With asthenia, the last dose should not be less than 4 hours before bedtime. For patients suffering from hypertension, start with 5 drops three times a day, gradually increasing the dose to 10 drops (constant blood pressure control).

Consequences of nervous exhaustion

Problems with society, a person's character deteriorates, the emotional assessment of what is happening and the perception of the surrounding world change. People become angry, irritated, there are problems in communication. A person withdraws into himself and becomes a recluse;

Loss of personality. The attitude to life in general changes irreversibly, mental illnesses can begin. Manic states appear obsessions and ideas. The personality of a person degrades to the point of neglecting personal hygiene.

In order to prevent the occurrence of mental problems, it is necessary to eliminate the very cause, in this case, put the nervous system in order. Nervous exhaustion, which is best treated with the help of experienced doctors, can improve if you use our advice.

How to deal with nervous shock

Experiences and frustrations in our lives are sometimes associated with problems in the family, fatigue that cannot be overcome, unfulfilled desires, and various diseases. Any experience can bring a person to a nervous shock.

Consequences and symptoms of a nervous shock

Nervous shock can lead to very serious consequences. A person becomes unsociable and angry, aggression and isolation appear. Help not provided in time will lead to various diseases that can manifest themselves in obsessions, mania, and unhealthy desires.

It is important for the person himself and his relatives to see the moment when fatigue, irritability, some depression begin to develop into jar of Hearts. Firstly, such a mental disorder is characterized by an increasing impairment of intelligence. Memory loss, poor perception of information, disorientation, absent-mindedness - all these are signs that you need to pay attention to. Secondly, depression, incomprehensible pains, insomnia may develop.

It is known that the person himself rarely admits the presence of a mental illness. If you still notice the listed symptoms in yourself, the first thing to do is to contact a psychologist. At the first stage of the disease, a psychologist can still help, with a progressive nervous shock, a psychiatrist is already needed.

To overcome the fatigue that often precedes depression, you need to get plenty of rest and sleep. It is best to choose a vacation on fresh air. Work for this period, if possible, it is better to leave, take a vacation, go to the country. Occupational therapy (meaning physical work) also helps a lot from the growing nervous shock. If you believe in the healing power of meditation, take a meditation course. A believer must definitely go to church, pray, confess.

In depressive states, a proven remedy is the right diet, where you can include real chocolate, healing properties which have long been known.

Many herbs can help in getting rid of nervous shock. Valerian, motherwort are the most famous of them. AT initial period disease, it is enough to take pills or tincture based on these herbs and very soon you will notice an improvement in your condition.

By the way, psychologists advise not to keep anger and growing aggression in yourself. All negative emotions must find an outlet. You can break dishes, cry, scream. Go to the gym, beat a punching bag. After splashing out emotions, drink strong tea and get a good night's sleep. Sleep will help restore strength and energy, calm the nervous system.

Of course, it is better to avoid stressful situations. But sometimes it's just not possible. Therefore, carefully monitor your health and the health of those close to you.

Professor Lea Yogev

We use the services of a surrogate mother. I fear the possibility of a group conflict.

I am 30 years old and for 5 recent years My husband and I are trying to have a baby.

The doctor discovered a cyst and advised me to drink hormones. Has passed or has taken place course of treatment. So far, attempts to get pregnant have been unsuccessful.

The replanting was carried out five days ago. Today my stomach is noticeably swollen. There was no hypera during stimulation.

I was prescribed bromocriptine because of high prolactin. The doctor assured me that the pregnancy would come.

nervous exhaustion

Various neuroses, neurasthenia, overwork are the scourge of modern life. Most people are forced to experience the constant effects of stress, overload, negative emotions etc. Lack of rest, sleep, strenuous work activity can sooner or later lead to such a state as nervous exhaustion, or, in other words, neuro-emotional fatigue.

ICD-10 code

Causes of nervous exhaustion

AT human body there are hidden resources - this is a kind of "reserve" of nutritional, hormonal, immune or microelemental substances that can be used only in case of emergency. Such an extreme situation may arise as a result of a strong or prolonged stress, overwork, shock, trauma, surgery, excessive emotional state.

Usually, a state of stress allows a person to gather himself, pull himself together and cope with the problem. However, if the hidden supply of resources has already been used up, and stressful condition does not stop, then nervous exhaustion may occur.

The main direct cause of exhaustion is overwork: physical, moral, emotional, physiological, etc. Such fatigue does not happen at once - when the nervous system is depleted, the condition worsens every day, gradually increasing and taking on a chronic course. Sooner or later it can develop into depression.

Pathogenesis

The mechanism of the development of the disease is the exhaustion of the protective resources of the body. Let's explain this scheme in action.

The nervous system is depleted. With anxious and tense emotions, the central nervous system sends appropriate signals to the cardiovascular, immune and endocrine systems. For the body, the work of these systems becomes a priority for some time, which causes the function of other organs to suffer, for example, digestion or the genital area.

The endocrine system is depleted. Constantly stimulated by stress, endocrine function also fails. The production of hormones occurs with violations. As a result, disorders in the work of the thyroid gland, ovaries, pancreas, and adrenal glands begin.

The function of the cardiovascular system is impaired. Prolonged tension of the heart and blood vessels causes heart rhythm disorder, blood pressure instability and other problems.

The body's defenses are depleted. Long stressful situation leads to paralysis of the immune system, resulting in an exacerbation of chronic diseases and the emergence of new infectious and inflammatory processes - this can be candidiasis, dysbacteriosis, erosive lesions (for example, the cervix), rheumatism, diseases of the joints and muscles, skin pathologies.

Work is disrupted digestive system. The most characteristic is the development of dysbacteriosis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome or chronic enterocolitis.

Nervous exhaustion symptoms

Nervous exhaustion grows imperceptibly and at first looks like ordinary fatigue. However, this condition gradually accumulates and subsequently, imperceptibly for the patient, turns into a pathology, which should be treated by a qualified specialist in psychotherapy.

A person can notice the first signs of problems with the body himself, simply by carefully listening to himself:

constant persistent fatigue;
sleep disturbances: the patient cannot fall asleep, despite being drowsy during the day;
the appearance of an inexplicable feeling of anxiety, pessimism;
the appearance of a periodically perceptible heartbeat, an imbalance in blood pressure;
hypersensitivity to external annoying factors(loud sounds, bright lights, strong aroma, etc.);
recurring headaches;
pain in the legs, arms, back (of unknown origin);
unreasonable increase in temperature indicators;
discomfort in the stomach or intestines;
non-seasonal exacerbation of chronic diseases (tonsillitis, gastritis, sinusitis, etc.).

There are also symptoms that are more often noticed by relatives and friends of the patient:

a person becomes irritable, he can be irritated both by the environment or the behavior of loved ones, and by himself;
a person becomes impatient, he begins to get nervous already in the first minutes of a forced wait;
there is an increased sensitivity to extraneous aromas, sounds, flashes of light;
sleep becomes sensitive and disturbing, a person often wakes up from nightmares, groans in a dream, and in the morning does not feel a surge of vigor and energy;
even with a slight load, headache and weakness are noted;
the character of a person changes - uncertainty appears, self-esteem falls;
there are violations in the sexual sphere (decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, impotence, etc.);
the patient undertakes a lot, but cannot bring anything to the end, becomes inattentive, absent-minded, memory and concentration of attention worsens;
weight fluctuations can be observed, appetite disappears or increases, a bad mood is constantly present.

The clinical picture can be divided into three stages:

Hypersthenic stage: the patient has irritability, fussiness. He himself understands that something is happening to him, but he cannot cope with it on his own. Often does not control their actions and emotions, provokes quarrels and conflicts. There is a headache and muscle pain, lack of sleep, insomnia, lethargy and decreased ability to work.
Irritable debility stage: the patient becomes irascible, but quickly withdraws. His thoughts are pessimistic, anxious. Pain in the heart, digestive disorders, allergic reactions, shortness of breath, dizziness are added to headaches.
Hyposthenic stage: the patient enters a state of apathy, he is not interested in anything, the mood is indifferent and depressed, close to depression.

Forms

F48 - other disorders of a neurotic nature.
F48.0 - neurasthenic disorder.
F48.9 - neurotic disorder without specification.

Complications and consequences

After suffering from nervous exhaustion, the patient may experience social complications, as well as common problems with health.

Often there are social problems, because a person changes his character, his emotional response to what is happening around him. Sometimes there is irritability and dissatisfaction. The patient can withdraw into himself, become secretive.

The attitude to the surrounding world, to oneself, also becomes irreversible, which in the future can cause other mental problems. For example, depression and neurasthenia are two conditions that go side by side with each other. Often this combination leads to an illiterate appointment. medicines that do not calm, but even more stimulate nervous activity, which only exacerbates irritability, increases pain in the head and contributes to further exhaustion of the nervous system. This development of symptoms may be associated with self-medication attempts.

Simultaneous nervous and physical exhaustion most often accompany workaholics - people for whom work comes first. Lack of proper rest, inability to relax, constant thoughts about the work process, and as a result - failures of cardiovascular functions, increased blood pressure (up to a hypertensive crisis), chronic migraines, insomnia, a significant decrease in immunity. A person constantly finds himself in a situation on the verge of a complete breakdown of the body, which can have a really unpredictable ending.

Constant stress and nervous exhaustion are the realities of our hectic life today: we devote all day to work and professional activity, from morning to evening, performing their duties, communicating with people, entering into conflicts and contradictions. Often in the evening, instead of relaxing and relaxing, we sit down at the computer again (the brain continues to work), or go to a club where potential rest is also doubtful - all the same communication with people, loud music, alcohol, relaxation from which is very deceptive . Gradually and imperceptibly, stress develops into chronic nervous exhaustion, which is difficult to deal with - only a qualified specialist in psychotherapy can help here. However, unfortunately, not all people in this state are able to realize the need and importance of outside help. As a result, severe mental disorders, with obsessions, manic psychoses and even personal degradation.

Diagnosis of nervous exhaustion

For staging accurate diagnosis nervous exhaustion usually turn to a psychotherapist or psychiatrist. A specialist, as a rule, takes into account not only the presence of a mental disorder or neurological disorder, but also evaluates functional state other body systems. Considerable importance is attached to concepts such as differential diagnosis and sequence of diagnosis.

Laboratory tests are required:

general blood analysis;
blood chemistry;
assessment of hormonal levels;
microelement composition of blood;
analysis for the use of various drugs and narcotic drugs;
serological and immunological analysis of the blood picture;
detailed urinalysis.

In addition, instrumental diagnostics is carried out, using encephalography and electrocardiography.

You may need to consult other medical professionals:

neurologist;
manual therapist and reflexologist;
endocrinologist;
cardiologist;
therapist;
neurophysiologist;
psychologist.

General research may include the following methods:

examination of blood and urine;
pulse assessment, exclusion of hypoxia;
assessment of blood pressure indicators;
24-channel ECG;
hardware method of examination of brain functions;
EEG (using evoked potentials and mapping);
normal EEG.

Correct and sufficient diagnosis plays a very important role. important role to determine the patient's treatment regimen.

Who to contact?

Nervous exhaustion treatment

For the treatment of the disease, it is necessary to apply A complex approach. To begin with, it is important to put into practice the following rules:

detect and neutralize the cause of exhaustion - eliminate family conflicts, avoid stress and psychological trauma, change jobs or positions, take a vacation, change the environment, etc .;
if it is impossible to change the place of work, it is necessary to properly reorganize the regime of work and rest, in which a place should be allocated for relaxation and active pastime;
take measures to stabilize night rest - get up and go to bed at the same time, avoid caffeine and alcohol, and overeating (especially at night);
try to walk more in the fresh air, have an active rest (swim, play outdoor games, etc.);
to establish a regular and nutritious diet;
establish a regular sex life;
learn how to relax properly - this can be facilitated by light music, meditation, yoga, a warm bath, outdoor recreation, etc.

The correct approach to treatment almost always guarantees a complete recovery of the patient.

Drug therapy is prescribed exclusively by a doctor. The following drugs and medications may be used:

Means that promote vasodilation (Mexidol, Tanakan) are used to relieve spasm in case of headaches. As a result of taking such drugs, normal blood circulation in the brain is restored, oxygen starvation of cells is excluded, and recovery is accelerated.
Preparations for accelerating metabolic processes in the brain are herbal remedies based on natural ingredients that help restore neurons.
Nootropic drugs (nootropil, piracetam, ceraxon, etc.) are prescribed only by a doctor and are taken under his strict control, as they can stimulate the psyche and exacerbate some symptoms.
Vitamin complexes (of course, the necessary preparations, we will talk about them separately).
Sedatives (valerian, motherwort, novopassitis, phytosed, etc.) allow you to remove nervous tension, improve sleep, calm the nervous system.
Antidepressants are prescribed by your doctor if you have symptoms of depression and depressed mood.

It is very common to prescribe benzodiazepines, psychoactive drugs that inhibit the central nervous system. Such medications have hypnotic, sedative, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant properties, and also reduce feelings of anxiety and fear. Among benzodiazepines, the most well-known drugs are Valium, Diazepam, Nozepam, Lorazepam, Chlozepid, Ativan, etc. The dosage and duration of taking such medications is determined by a specialist, since treatment with them can lead to the development of drug dependence.

In addition to traditional treatment, recent times homeopathy is often used. Among the most common homeopathic remedies are Calcaria Phos, Magnesia Phos, Kali Phos, Natrum Mur, Lycopodium, Anacardium, Baritu Carb, Zincum Met, Sulfur, Nux Vomica, Selenium, Agnus Ts.

Vitamins for nervous exhaustion

Vitamins and complex multivitamin preparations at an early stage can fully stabilize the mental and emotional balance of a person. Known whole line substances that provide direct influence to the nervous system. These include vitamins B, A, D, E and ascorbic acid.

Vitamin and provitamin A help to improve sleep and concentration, slow down the aging of neurons and others. cell structures, reduce excitability and stabilize appetite. The main sources of carotene and retinol are fruits and vegetables. orange color, as well as sea buckthorn, cod liver, egg yolk, butter.

B vitamins are considered specific vitamins for the nervous system, as their action is aimed at strengthening and restoring it. A person who is subject to daily stress and mental overload needs these vitamins especially. Doctors recommend taking a vitamin B complex, and not each separately. The most optimal combination is the complex preparation Vitrum Superstress - it contains all the necessary elements to maintain and restore the health of the nervous system.

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is a natural antidepressant that helps restore mental abilities. To replenish thiamine reserves, it is recommended to consume buckwheat, beans, lentils, rice, oatmeal and dairy products.
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) prevents fatigue, headaches, weakness. Riboflavin is found in sufficient quantities in nuts, dairy products, liver, as well as in the Nutrilight vitamin complex preparation, which is often recommended for children.
Vitamin B3 (niacin) enhances cerebral circulation, promotes the regression of signs of neurological and mental illness. From food, niacin is present in mushrooms, legumes, nuts, cereals and chicken meat. This vitamin is included in the composition of many tranquilizing drugs designed to eliminate eating disorders, depressive states.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) reduces general arousal, promotes the production of serotonin. Contained in nuts, sea buckthorn berries, seafood, pomegranates. For better assimilation of pyridoxine, the presence of ascorbic acid is mandatory. The most well-known complex preparations containing B6 are Magne-B6 and B-complex.
Vitamin B9 (folic acid) restores the energy potential of the body, improves memory, eliminates anxiety and fear. Contained in broccoli, carrots, liver, as well as in pharmaceutical preparations Complivit, Supradin, Neuromultivit.
Vitamin B11 (levocarnitine) strengthens the immune system, stabilizes the function of the muscular, cardiovascular and brain systems. Vitamin B11 can be found in fish and meat products, milk, germinated wheat grains.
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) prevents damage nerve fibers, eliminates signs of depression and sclerosis. It is part of the multivitamins Duovit, Vitamineral, Polivit.

A good complex preparation that contains most of the B vitamins is Milgamma, a remedy for improving microcirculation, stabilizing the nervous system, and facilitating nerve conduction. The drug is taken 1 tablet per day, or by injection intramuscularly, 2 ml (1 ampoule) once a day. The course of treatment is 30 days.

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) improves defenses, resists stress, improves mood, helps with nervous experiences. Vitamin C is included in most complex preparations: Vitrum, Elevit, Alfavit, Multitabs. There is a lot of it in products: greens, citrus fruits, kiwi, berries, rose hips.

A diet for nervous exhaustion should contain all the vitamins listed, so it is necessary to diversify the daily menu, first of all, with plant foods, cereals, and seafood. To reduce the load on the nervous system, it is recommended to reduce the overall intake of simple carbohydrates and fatty foods, as well as salty foods. It is better to replace fresh baking with dark breads and biscuits, and sausages and semi-finished products with lean meat. It is advisable to exclude the use of caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, hot spices. Preference should be given to rosehip drinks, fresh juices, compotes. Dishes should be prepared from healthy foods: vegetables, dairy products, cereals, legumes, with the addition of vegetable oil.

Alternative treatment of nervous exhaustion

Of course, in advanced cases of nervous diseases, herbal treatment is unlikely to help, but on early stages and as an additional treatment can be very useful.

Astragalus herb infusion tones and calms the nervous system. To prepare the infusion, you need to take 1.5 tablespoons of dry raw materials and leave for an hour and a half in 250 ml of boiling water. Take up to 4 times a day for 2 tbsp. l. before meals.
An infusion of the leaves and rhizomes of the black cap will help with pain in the head caused by stress. For 500 ml of boiling water, you need to take 1 tbsp. raw materials, insist one and a half hours. You should drink 100 ml up to 4 times a day before meals.
It is useful to add borage to salads and ready meals - this is an excellent sedative that relieves nervous overexcitation.
Valerian rhizome infusion is a proven remedy for maintaining nervous balance. It should be insisted 2 tsp. rhizomes in a thermos with 250 ml of boiling water overnight. Drink 1 tbsp. l. up to 4 times a day before meals, you can with honey.
Knotweed infusion is recommended to be taken to strengthen the nervous system, especially for the elderly. Insist 1 tbsp. l. raw materials in 500 ml of boiling water for an hour and a half, drink pommel up to 4 times a day before meals.
An infusion of angelica roots is an effective tonic and sedative, which is good for insomnia. For 1 st. l. rhizomes take 500 ml of boiling water and insist up to 2 hours, consume 100 ml warm 3 times a day before meals.

Treatment with folk remedies must be combined with a diet. It is also very important to eliminate main reason the appearance of nervous exhaustion: avoid stress, do not overwork, establish a sleep and rest schedule.

Prevention

Do not overwork, think about your health, which is not infinite. After work (for example, in the car or at home), try to turn on calm music: the sounds of nature, relaxation, lounge collections.
Listen to yourself, do self-analysis. Find time every week to get out into nature, meet friends and not think about work. Remember: all the problems in our life are far-fetched, we create them ourselves in order to later spend time and health to solve them. But if the problems have really accumulated, write them down on paper and solve them sequentially, as they become important.
Don't forget to eat well and rest. Instead of the phrase “work first”, think “health first” and your condition will be much better.
Try to improve sleep without using sleeping pills: take a walk at night, give up coffee and strong tea in the afternoon, do not review extreme news and programs before going to bed, do not play computer games.
Make time exercise, walks, come up with a hobby.
Take a contrast shower in the morning and a warm bath with soothing herbs in the evening.

If you follow all of the above tips, then problems with the nerves will most likely bypass you. When the diagnosis of exhaustion of the nervous system has already been made, then you are advised to strictly follow all the advice and instructions of the doctor in order to fully recover.

If nervous exhaustion is not treated, then the disease itself will not disappear: in the future, the condition will worsen, depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders may occur.

Medical Expert Editor

Portnov Alexey Alexandrovich

Education: Kyiv National Medical University them. A.A. Bogomolets, specialty - "Medicine"

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