V. Mayakovsky is a poet-rebel, bawler and agitator. But at the same time, this is a person with a sensitive and vulnerable soul, capable of the brightest and most tender feelings, deep feelings, and sincere love.

This ability of Mayakovsky found artistic embodiment in his poems about love. They amaze with the passionate power of the feelings expressed in them. Their lyrical hero cannot and does not want to free himself from the power of love. It becomes the center of the universe.

“Besides your love, there is no sun for me,” the poet says in the poem “Lilichka”. In a letter to L. Brik, Mayakovsky wrote that “love is life, this is the main thing. Poems, deeds, and everything else unfold from her. Love is the heart of everything. Love is the most significant, important thing in the fate of every person.

“Letter to Comrade Kostrov from Paris about the essence of love” is addressed to the editor of Komsomolskaya Pravda, in which the poet collaborated. The poem is a lyrical monologue in which irony coexists with seriousness, vernacular with elation. The poet reflects on the essence of love. He poses a problem and consistently proves his opinion by giving strong arguments.

A passionate feeling makes the lyrical hero look into his inner world to sort out your feelings. He says about himself: “I’m wounded forever by love - I can barely drag myself.” Mayakovsky gives his own definition of this feeling:

Be in love -

This means:

run deep into the yard

and until the night of the rooks,

shining with an ax

Chopping wood,

force

His playfully.

The lyrical hero calls his state ecstasy. And his love is “human, simple”, it is impossible to cope with it, because it is “a hurricane, fire, water”. Genuine feeling is contrasted in the poem with a “passing pair of feelings”, philistine.

A different intonation is characteristic of the poem "Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva." Initially, it was not intended for printing, but was handed over personally to the addressee. The poet contrasts his sincere, deep, ardent feeling of "Parisian love", vulgar and ordinary. The poem is characterized by extreme frankness, it strikes with the power of an intimate feeling. “Come here, go to the crossroads of my big and clumsy hands”, - sounds in it. “You are the only one with my height,” the poet says to the heroine, calling her to reciprocal feelings. The poet speaks of "dogs of brutal passion", of jealousy that moves mountains, of "passion for measles". Lyrical hero persistent, purposeful. “I will take you anyway someday, alone or together with Paris,” he promises.

Mayakovsky's poems about love are characterized by an amazing spiritual openness, the nakedness of the subtlest experiences. love lyrics in this way, it surprises with an unusually bright and bold figurativeness, the fury of feeling. Striking, original metaphors and comparisons make Mayakovsky's poems unique.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky greatest poet 20th century, one of the founders of such a literary movement as futurism. He wrote many poems in various themes. Special place in his work was occupied by love lyrics. However, with Mayakovsky, she was always tragic. The question arises: why? Let's try to figure it out.

In order to answer the question posed, it is worth referring to the biography of the poet. His work is a reflection of his life, with all the insults, disappointments and joys. Behind the outer shell of rudeness was a vulnerable heart and emotional nature. The tragedy of his love lyrics is connected with personal life the poet and his deep feelings that made him suffer.

Mayakovsky's main muse was Lilya Brik. They met in 1915. The poet was attracted by the fact that she was a woman of a different circle.

Brik impressed him with her elegance and manners. She was smart, well-read and fell in love with Mayakovsky more and more. However, Lilya Brik kept him at a distance, while the poet went crazy over her. Their love has reached the brink many times. Lilya considered herself a free woman and continued to communicate with other men, which caused the poet great pain. In 1916, that is, at the very beginning of their relationship, Mayakovsky wrote a poem "Lilichka!" Dedicated to Brik. In it, the poet showed that he cannot live without this woman, that he, in the depths of his soul, hopes for reciprocity. Lily is the meaning of his life: "except for your love, I have no sea", "except for your love, I have no sun".

Another woman who played important role in the fate of the poet, was Tatyana Yakovleva, whom he met in 1928 in Paris.

Mayakovsky fell in love with her at first sight and even offered her to conclude marriage to take the chosen one to the USSR. However, Yakovleva refused him, not wanting to leave France. To this woman, who, like many others, broke Mayakovsky's heart, the poet dedicated two poems. The first is "a letter to Comrade Kostrov from Paris about the essence of love". Tatyana Yakovleva appeared in him as an amazing woman who, despite Mayakovsky's rich experience, was able to charm him: "I am forever wounded by love - I can barely drag myself." The poet plunged headlong into love, he honestly warned about the hurricane in his soul. For such ardor, Mayakovsky paid with disappointment, because no one could give him even a hundredth of the love that he experienced. He also dedicated the poem "letter to Tatyana Yakovleva" to Tatyana Yakovleva. In it, the poet tried to throw out his pain due to the inability to be with the chosen one. Mayakovsky wanted to hurt Yakovlev, he considered her almost a traitor in relation to him and to his homeland. However, this insult did not overshadow his feelings. Mayakovsky showed that he was ready to be with her at any moment: "I'll still take you someday ..."

Thus, after analyzing the biography and works of Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky, we can conclude that love in his lyrics is not accidental. His poems are a description of his whole life, which, unfortunately, did not take shape. in the best way: unsuccessful relationships, betrayals, and, as a result, suicide.

Mayakovsky was and remains one of the most significant figures in the history of Russian poetry of the 20th century. Behind the outward rudeness of Mayakovsky's lyrical hero lies a vulnerable and tender heart. This is evidenced by Mayakovsky's poems about the deeply personal. They amaze with the passionate power of the feeling expressed in them:

"Except for your love

I don't have the sun

("Lilechka"),

wrapped in fire

on an unburned fire

unimaginable love"

("Human")

The lyrical hero of the early Mayakovsky is romantic in his attitude and very lonely. No one hears him, does not understand, they laugh at him, they condemn him (“Violin and a little nervously”, “I”). In the poem "Giveaway", the poet says that he is ready to give everything in the world for No. single word, affectionate, human. What caused such a tragic worldview? Unrequited love. In the poem "Lilichka (instead of a letter)" and the poem "A Cloud in Pants" the motif unrequited love is the leader (“Tomorrow you will forget that I crowned you”, “Let me cover your outgoing step with the last tenderness”). In these works, the lyrical hero appears as a gentle and very vulnerable person, not a man, but a “cloud in his pants”:

I can't be recognized now

sinewy hulk

writhing...

But the beloved rejects the hero for the sake of bourgeois well-being:

You know -

I'm getting married.

She does not need such a huge power of love! She is cold and ironic. And it turns into an awakened volcano:

Your son is very sick!

He has a heart of fire.

Tell the sisters, Lyuda and Olya, -

He has nowhere to go.

The poem "A cloud in pants" shows the transformation of a huge love into a huge hatred for everyone and everything. Disappointed in love, the hero emits four cries of "down":

Down with your love!

Down with your art!

Down with your state

Down with your religion!

Suffering from unrequited love turns into hatred with that world and that system where everything is bought and sold.

In a letter to L.Yu. Brik Mayakovsky wrote: “Does love exhaust everything for me? Everything, but only differently. Love is life, that's the main thing. Poems, deeds, etc. unfold from her. Love is the heart of everything. If she stops working, everything else dies off, becomes superfluous, unnecessary. But if the heart works, it cannot but manifest itself in everything. It is precisely this “solid heart” that loves and therefore responds to everything in the world in Mayakovsky’s poetry. To talk about love for a poet means to talk about life, about the most significant thing in one's own destiny. For, he is convinced, this feeling should be on a par with the era. The ease of solving this issue did not suit Mayakovsky. In this case, too, he was guided by the demands placed on himself and on those around him. After all, he knew that "love does not become any "must", no "should not" - only free competition with the whole world.

What can allow you to emerge victorious in this competition? For Mayakovsky, the feeling that connects two does not isolate them from the world. The feeling that makes a person become isolated in a narrow little world (“in a small apartment world”) is inseparable for him from the junk hated by him. Loving heart contains the whole world. The ideal of high love affirmed by the poet is feasible only in a bright future. And the task of poetry in this case is to speed up the path to the future, overcoming the "everyday nonsense."

It is interesting to compare two poems inspired by a strong and deep feeling for Tatyana Yakovleva: “Letter to Comrade Kostrov from Paris about the essence of love” and “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. The first of them is addressed to the official, the editor of Komsomolskaya Pravda, in which the poet, who ended up in Paris, collaborated, while the second - not intended for publication - was handed over from hand to hand to the beloved woman.

In the first of these “letters”, Mayakovsky reflects not just on love, but on its essence. The feeling of burning power causes an urgent need to understand oneself, to take a fresh look at the world. Precisely in a new way: for Mayakovsky, love is a feeling that rebuilds a person, creates him anew. The poet avoids abstraction in his conversation. The addressee of "Letters ..." is named after the addressee, the one that caused this storm in the heart, to which this poetic monologue is addressed, is introduced into the text. And in the poem itself, many details are scattered, details that do not allow the verse to be carried away into misty heights. His love is “human, simple”, and poetic inspiration is manifested in the most everyday environment:

Raises the area noise,

carriages are moving

I write poems

into a notebook.

A simple earthly feeling is opposed to that "passing pair of feelings" that is called "rubbish". The poet talks about what elevates a person - about the elements,

come up in a murmur

with healing power. And again, they used poetic metaphors contribute to the literal materialization of concepts. The name of the genius Copernicus mentioned here gives an idea of ​​the extent of the feeling in question.

Familiar in poetry, when it comes to love, the opposition of earthly and heavenly, everyday and sublime is not for Mayakovsky. He began (in the poem "A Cloud in Pants") with a strong protest against the sweet-voiced chants that arose in such cases, with defiantly frank words:

the sonnet poet sings to Tiana,

all of meat, all man -

your body just ask

as Christians ask

"Our daily bread -

give us today."

The need for a sharply expressed opposition of one's ideas about love, which is equivalent to life itself, disappears. There is no need to oppose the ordinary, the earthly, to the beautiful, the lofty. Love makes it possible to feel their unity, poetry - to discover it, express it and fix it with a word.

In "Letter to ... Kostrov" reflections on the essence of love unfold with remarkable logic, a system of arguments is built up that is sufficient for a conversation about love to acquire a public character. A word torn from the heart of a lover is able to “raise, / and lead, / and attract, / / ​​who are weakened by the eye.”

In "Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva" the same theme is presented from a different, dramatic side. It's hard to figure out why mutual love unable to bring happiness to lovers. Apparently, he was prevented by a feeling of jealousy, which the poet promises to pacify.

And here the theme of love cannot get a happy resolution. It is transferred to an indefinite future, associated with the coming triumph of the revolution on a worldwide scale:

I don't care

someday I'll take

or together with Paris.

And in the present - and not overcome loneliness.

Mayakovsky also uses his favorite genre in this poem - a monologue addressed to a specific person. This imparts credibility to the verse, gives what has been said a deeply personal character. At the same time, the scope of the world that opens in the message addressed to the beloved woman is extremely wide. This applies both to the spatial (from Moscow to Paris) and to the temporal (the time of the revolution and civil war- today is the future associated with the arrival of the revolution in Paris) borders. The extreme frankness characteristic of the opening lines of the poem is further reinforced by the words about “dogs of brutal passion”, about jealousy that “moves mountains”, about “measles of passion” - the letter is filled with the power of intimate feelings. And it constantly translates into social plan. So when the hero exclaims:

Go here,

go to the crossroads

my big

and clumsy hands.

Words about the future triumph of the revolution become the logical conclusion of the poem.

“Groma love” is a phrase that is better than others able to express the feeling underlying the poem.

Summing up what has been said, we note that Mayakovsky prefers to lyrical self-expression the desire to convince, to affirm his position, his ideas about the world, about a person's place in it, about happiness. Hence his focus on colloquial (often oratorical) speech. Going from the present, the poet strives for a brighter future. This determines the pathos of his poems.

Mayakovsky is often called the "poet-tribune". And although this has its own truth, it would be wrong to reduce Mayakovsky's poetry only to agitational and oratorical poems, since it contains intimate love confessions, a tragic cry, a feeling of sadness, and philosophical thoughts about love. In other words, Mayakovsky's poetry is diverse and multicolored.

The writing

love theme was one of the leading pre-October creativity Mayakovsky. Set in "A Cloud in Trousers", which became central in "Flute-Spine", this theme was also heard in the poem "Man". The image of unrequited love, characteristic of the vast majority of pre-revolutionary poems and Mayakovsky's poems, allowed the poet to reveal the tragedy of a person in the world of capitalism, where everything - including love - is subordinated to monetary cleansing. The formula "money, love, passion", sounded in "A Cloud in Pants", determined the tragedy of a love conflict in all of Mayakovsky's pre-revolutionary poetry.
October Revolution, having liberated a person, created the conditions for the triumph of love, love as happiness, as joy. It was this idea that found particularly vivid expression in the poem "I Love" (1922). This is a work about human love in all its manifestations, about love in its very broad sense this word. This is a song about how a sizzling feeling was born, flourished and took on its mature forms. This determines the composition of the poem. It is impossible not to pay attention to the sequence in which the chapters are located: "Boy", "Youth", "My University", "Adult", etc. Before us human character in development, or rather in the formation of love feelings.
"Granada-love" - ​​this is how Mayakovsky defines the attitude of his hero to everything beautiful in life, to which his heart is open. But this same “heart lump” also includes a “grand-hatred” for everything disgusting in life. Claiming the right of a person to hate in the name of love, Mayakovsky, in the course of the evolution of his lyrical hero, shows how his feelings become socially meaningful.
In contrast to the "curly-haired lyricists" who write poems "for bedrooms", in Mayakovsky's poem, love for a woman acts as one of the manifestations of the ability of the human heart to feel, actively perceive life in all its manifestations.
“I love” ends with a kind of oath of fidelity and constancy in love:
I swear -
love forever and ever.
The lyrical hero of the poem, "raising solemnly the line-fingered verse," declared how much he loves. And his love was close and understandable to the new man, the builder of a socialist society, by his active perception of life, wholeness.
Mayakovsky's understanding of the nature of love in last period his creative way finds its most vivid expression in two poetic "letters" - "Letter to Comrade Kostrov from Paris about the essence of love" and in "Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva".
Taras Kostrov, to whom the poem is addressed, was the editor of Komsomolskaya Pravda. Mayakovsky collaborated with the newspaper, from which he was sent to Paris in 1928.
The title defines the theme of the work - "about the essence of love." The image of the poet outlined here, "squandering" poetic lines on love lyrics, develops in stanzas, where the hero, meeting a beauty “rimmed in furs and beads” (her prototype is Tatyana Yakovleva), enters into a conversation with her. At this point, the conversation with Kostrov turns into a dialogue with the “beauty”, which determines the content of the poem. Before us appears a man embraced by love. “I’m forever wounded by love,” he admits.
“A letter to Comrade Kostrov ...” is a continuation of the conversation on a topic that the poet began a long time ago (since the time of the poems “Man” and “I Love”) - about “love-granade”, about the fidelity and constancy of this feeling. If in the poem “I Love” the lyrical hero embraced by a sensual flame is opposed by the petty-bourgeois “lyricists” with their sentimental “lover”, then in the “Letter to Comrade Kostrov ...” “love-granada” is opposed by a “passing pair of feelings” with a simple formula “fell out of love - swam away." True love is "not measured by a wedding."
Mayakovsky gives moral and philosophical coverage of the "essence of love":
Love
.. .in,
what rises behind the mountains of breasts
over jungle hair.
The poet refuses to consider the physiological side of love. For him, it is incomparably more important “what rises behind the mountains of breasts”, what gives rise to love in a person’s heart. Overwhelmed by feeling, the hero of the poem, “playfully by his strength”, is ready, “shining with an ax, to chop wood”, to create, to write poetry. By this, the poet emphasizes that a real feeling induces a person to great and good deeds.
great meaning love for Mayakovsky is not in the fact that it provides lovers with "heaven and groves", but in the fact: "What is again // put into work // hearts// the exhausted motor."
The idea of ​​the unity of the personal and the social in the man of the new, socialist society, which emerged in the works of Mayakovsky in the early twenties, new force was set in poems in 1928. Perhaps, nowhere did she find such a vivid expression as in the “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”:
In the kiss of hands
lips,
In body trembling
close to me
red
the color of my republics
should also be on fire.
These lines can be called the sum total of the poet's life. “I” and “we”, revolution and poetry, everyday life, history and the “flame of love” fused together in them.
To cope with this “granada-love” is not able to “curly lyricists”, bleating rhymes “for bedrooms”, but a poet who understands that love is a reflection of all sides human soul that in it - and "kisses of hands and lips", and the "red color" of the republics of the Land of Soviets. This is the "essence of love" for Mayakovsky, revealed by the poet in the lyrics.

the strength and significance of her poetry in connection with life: “Not every poet ... can be compared with Akhmatova in the power of her poems, ennobling human nature.<…>Akhmatova is capable of creating poetry music from everyday experience, which is important for many.<…> supreme poet is the one who finds poetic form for reality.<…>Let us appreciate Akhmatova for her uniqueness beautiful words because she, saying them, spends too much for us, and let us be inexhaustible to her in our gratitude.

Patriotic note - distinguishing feature Akhmatova's poetry. For her, there is no aesthetics outside of ethics. Loyalty native land, human dignity, honor, love for the Fatherland dictated to the poet Akhmatova the lines of such works as the poem "Requiem", poems "I had a voice..."“I’m not with those who left the land…”, “Native Land”, etc. Akhmatova claims that love for one’s Motherland does not allow a person to leave “… his land deaf and sinful”, leave “Russia forever”. Its slogan is “I am not with those who threw the earth / To be torn to pieces by enemies.” In Akhmatova's verses - stamina and will, strength of character, and the verses themselves, as it were, became the fate of Akhmatova. In them - internal biography the poet, the direction of her creative searches, the foresight of recognition by her descendants. About artistic realism, as “the main and permanent difference” inherent in Akhmatova’s work, B. L. Pasternak spoke figuratively and rightly in the preface to Akhmatova’s collection, published in 1942 in Tashkent by the Soviet Writer publishing house: “Faith in the native sky and fidelity to her native land break through her with the naturalness of a natural gait. O. Mandelstam rightly wrote about the “severe and almost religious simplicity and solemnity” of Akhmatova’s poems back in 1916 in the article “On modern poetry. To the exit of the "Almanac of Muses", noting that the

Ziya Akhmatova is "closer to becoming one of the symbols of Russia's greatness."

The theme of love in the work of V. Mayakovsky

So that the whole universe will love

Big and serious conversation about love V. Mayakovsky leads throughout the entire work. The lyrical hero of Mayakovsky confidentially and sincerely reveals his feelings, experiences, talks about the essence of love, about what, in his view, the relationship between lovers, in the family should be. Love, according to Mayakovsky, gives rise to an unquenchable thirst for creativity, calls to action, to struggle, to confront everything that interferes with human happiness; love makes a person strong and happy, decorates the world. Mayakovsky wrote in his diary letter: “Love is life, this is the main thing. Poems and deeds unfold from her, and everything else. Love is the heart of everything. If it stops working, everything else dies, becomes superfluous, unnecessary. But if the heart works, it cannot but manifest itself in everything ...

with the whole world.”

AT "Letter to Comrade Kostrov from Paris about the essence of love "the poet says about the social essence of love:

To love means:

run into the depths of the yard and until the night

rook, shining with an ax, chopping wood, effortlessly with his strength.

dedicated to the theme of love the following works: “Home”, “About it”, “Lilichka!”,“A Cloud in Pants”, “Flute-Spine”, “I Love”, “A Trifle at the Oka”, etc. In the poem “I Love”, complicated by dramatic collisions, the author’s “I” acts as a prototype of a new person, true to his ideal - “Love will not be washed away / no quarrel, /

not a mile. / Thought out, / verified, / verified. / Ascension solemnly line-motley verse, / I swear - / I love / unchangingly and faithfully. The poem “I Love” was written in 1922, when the poet was experiencing the peak of his feelings for Lila Yuryevna Brik, to whom he dedicated “A Cloud in Pants”, although the poem was inspired by Maria Alexandrovna Denisova, a girl of extraordinary charm and strong character. In the poem "Flute-n-Speech" (1916), Mayakovsky raises the theme of the poet's tragic love, sincere, pure human feeling, which has become a "thing" in the world of owners. The conflict depicted in "A Cloud in Trousers" in the poem "Flute-Spine" becomes especially acute:

I know that everyone pays for a woman. Nothing if yet

instead of the chic of Parisian dresses, I will dress you in tobacco smoke.

The poet puts his beloved on a pedestal, ready to give her life, glorify her with verses, “inhuman suffering”:

My love is like an apostle during it,

a thousand thousand I will smash the roads. A crown has been prepared for you for centuries, and in the crown my words are a rainbow of convulsions.

In the poem "Flute-spine" one can hear a hidden dialogue, a dialogue-controversy of a lyrical hero and his antipode (“he”, “the doors slammed. He entered”), he who buys love corrupts souls:

Shouted to him: “Good!

I'll leave! Good!

Yours will remain. Our rags to her,

timid wings in silks grew fat b. Look, don't float away. Stone on the neck

hang pearl necklaces for your wife!”

In the perception of Mayakovsky, spiritual love, love-tenderness, is opposed to purely physical:

I know love has already worn him out.

Boredom guess on so many signs. Rejuvenate yourself in my soul.

Introduce the heart to the holiday of the body.

The bright feeling of love of the lyrical hero goes through all the suffering and torture, recalls the true values ​​\u200b\u200bthat are the same for a person, regardless of nationality, and class affiliation - for a German, and for a Frenchman, and for a Tsa-

rya, and for a soldier; a bright feeling must win, survive in an unspiritual world.

One of the most wonderful works poet about love - the poem "About this" (1923). It deeply reveals the character and personality of Mayakovsky. Internal theme The poem reflects the relationship between the poet and the beloved woman, Lilya Brik, who have entered a phase of crisis. If in the poem "Flute-Spine" the name of Lily is named ("I will scratch the name of Lilino on the chain / and heal the chain in the darkness of hard labor"), then in the poem "About this" the poet does not name him:

- Look,

even here, dear, smashing everyday horror with verses, protecting my beloved name, I bypass you in my curses.

Compositionally, the poem consists of an introductory chapter and 4 subtitles. (“A petition for a name”, “Faith”, “Hope”, “Love”), connected by a common worldview of the lyrical hero. The introductory chapter of the poem with the question-title "About what - about this?" emphasizes the great importance that the poet attaches to the feeling of love in the life of every person:

This topic came, the rest were wiped off and one

became inseparably close.

The ultimate self-repentance, the ultimate openness, defenselessness, the vulnerability of an unprotected feeling - a through motif of the entire poem:

I didn’t live my earthly life, I didn’t love mine on earth, -

We read in the part "Hope". In "A Petition for a Name" the lyrical hero expresses faith in the world, in the need for happiness for everyone and for everyone. The life-affirming beginning of the poem is conveyed in capacious phrases. "What should I do, / if I / with might and main, / with all my heart, / in this life, / this / world / believed, / I believe.

The parts "Faith", "Hope", "Love" are the poet's romantic faith in the future, in the "amazing life", in the resurrection of the dead. As in the work of A. Platonov, in

the poem reflected ideas"Philosophy of the common cause" N. Fedorovao projectively

science, about resurrection of the dead(“large-browed / quiet chemist, / before the experience on-

wrinkled his forehead") and about harmony in human relations.

In "Hope" - the nakedness of feelings, - "didn't like his own"; among the promises - if they are resurrected - a promise: "to do everything for nothing - to clean, wash, guard, dangle, revenge ...". Among human virtues, love for the "beast" is also named:

I love the beast.

You see a little dog - here at the bakery there is one - a solid bald patch - from yourself

and then ready to get the liver. I'm not sorry, dear, eat!

In the fourth part of the poem "Love" the poet, like a spell, repeats the request to “resurrect his beloved”, “resurrect”, himself, in order to “live his own”, “catch up on the unloved ... by the stardom of countless nights”. In his beloved, the poet appreciates not only external beauty(“She is beautiful - they will probably resurrect her”), appreciates her kindness, trusting smile, love for the "beast"("she loved animals - / also enter the garden." The final lines of the poem affirm the moral principle in love. The lyrical hero is confident in the beauty and power of love("Your thirtieth century / will overtake the flocks / the heart of the torn little things"). Love, in the context of the poem and all the work of the poet, activates creativity in man, it is designed to unite lovers with the whole world, improve the world, turn the earth “into a garden”, and the people of the universe into “comrades” for each other.

So that there is no love - servants of marriages, lust, bread. Bed cursing,

getting up from the couch, so that love would go to the whole universe.<…>So that all at the first cry:

- Comrade! - turned the earth.

The artistic development of the theme of love by the humanist poet V. Mayakovsky attracts with its ethical content, emphasis on the spiritual principle in it, fidelity to a dream, feelings.

What condemns and what glorifies in a person Gorky - a romantic?

(The poem "Man", the story "Old Woman Izergil")

The romantic works of early Gorky are fanned by a passionate dream of a feat, of the need for the heroic in life; they embodied the writer's dream of harmony.

a human being who is passionately in love with the idea of ​​a perfect life.

In the poem "The Man", Gorky expressed in romantic tones his ideal of a harmonious person, living in harmony with his soul, in harmony with people, striving for self-improvement. The poem evoked mixed responses. Her philosophical romanticism expressed the crisis of public consciousness (social and religious) at the turn of the 20th century. Gorky's humanism absorbed protest and rebellion, but also strengthened faith in the unlimited possibilities of the "tragically beautiful" Man. The hero of the poem is a man with capital letter- proclaims complete equality of all people on the basis of the improvement of life itself and of man himself. The author of the poem proposes to destroy the "old", by which he means individualism, "greedy despotism of instinct", lies, prejudices and boredom, fear, indifference. Destruction in the program of the Gorky harmonious person, whose motto is “go ahead! and higher!", subordinated to a positive goal - the creation of a new world, a world of "freedom, beauty and respect for people", a world where everyone sees the meaning of life in creativity, creation, in the growth of consciousness, in the work of thought. “And I am called to illuminate the whole world, to melt the darkness of its secret mysteries, to find harmony between myself and the world, to create harmony in myself.” A man with a capital letter is real dream Gorky is a synonym great truth consisting in the struggle of man for love.

The conflict of the poem "Man" is based on the confrontation of ideas about the meaning of life of a Man and a tradesman, the confrontation of the spiritual and the material. Gorky Man realizes: “I see the meaning of life in creativity, and creativity is self-sufficient and limitless! I am going to burn as brightly as possible and illuminate the darkness of life more deeply. And death is my reward. I don't need any other awards."

The image of a man is bitter creates with romantic techniques, speaks about him with enthusiasm and in an upbeat tone, rhythmic prose and blank verse. Artistic media in the poem - emotional epithets, sharp contrasts - are subordinated to a creative idea: to evoke high spirits in the reader, to strengthen faith in the bright beginnings of life.

Capacious, expressive epithets, vivid comparisons (“intimidated people”, “small comforts of life”, “rebellious person”, “dignified and free man”, “an animal without pride of thought”, “they are countless, like stars in the abyss of the sky”) bear the pain

deep semantic load. For example: “May all the prejudices, prejudices and habits that have entangled the brain and life of people like a sticky web be cursed. They interfere with life by raping people – I will destroy them.”

Gorky Man is a fighter for a new bright world; the aesthetic meaning of the image is that it gives a concrete embodiment of human ideals, and the embodied ideal is the beauty in life.

One of the best romantic works in which Gorky raises the question of the meaning human life, is a story "Old Isergil".“It seems that I will not write anything as harmoniously and beautifully as I wrote “The Old Woman Izergil,” noted Gorky, exacting to himself, in a letter to A.P. Chekhov in 1899. The story, dear to the author, was written in 1894.

The story has a clear and harmonious composition. The story of the old woman Izergil, who has seen a lot in her lifetime, is divided into three parts: the legend of Larra, Izergil's story about his life, the legend of Danko. The peculiarity of the composition lies in the fact that each

this part can become an independent story. Each part has its own theme,

plot, idea, hero. At the same time, all three parts are a single whole, united common idea, – the author's desire to reveal meaning of life, true values ​​about the world.

Antithesis is the basis of the composition of the story "Old Woman Izergil". The legends about Larra and Danko are revealed two concepts of life, two ideas about it. If the image of Danko reveals the spiritual beauty of a strong-willed, purposeful personality, then the image of Larra shows the futility and meaninglessness of extreme individualism. In describing the portrait and appearance of heroes, characters, actions, the author uses receiving contrast. Larra's eyes are "cold and proud", like those of the king of birds, Danko's eyes "shone with a lot of strength and hot fire." Danko embodies higher meaning life is to do everything possible for the good of people. It is difficult for him to get out of the impenetrable forests, which symbolize the oppressive reality in the story. And Danko, in order to light the way for people, tears out his heart and raises it high above his head.

Larra - beautiful, strong - descends from the mountains to the people in the valley. He is the son of an eagle and a woman, looks down on others, believes that everything is allowed to him. When the girl he chose pushed him away, Larra treated her inhumanely. Larra does not want to know human laws. A great semantic load in the disclosure of the two concepts of life is played by the conversation of an arrogant egoist, who imagines that he is higher than others, with the people of the tribe. Larra wants freedom only for herself, asserts the right to domination by a strong personality.

The life-historical meaning of the contrasting opposition of Larra and Danko lies in the opposition of two types of morality and social behavior.

The three-dimensional composition in "Old Woman Izergil" allowed the writer to establish a connection between legends and real life. The story of the old woman Izergil herself is placed in the center of the story and is a link between legends and deeds

validity. Izergil met many people on her way, among whom were those who fought for the freedom of the Greeks, and those who were among the rebellious Poles. Izergil herself sought freedom and pleasure for herself, freedom in love; in her declining years, reflecting on herself, she will define her life as a “greedy life”, warns the author: “If you look vigilantly into the old days - there you will find all the answers.<…>And I see that people do not live, but everyone tries on, tries on and puts their life into it. And when they rob themselves, having wasted time, they will begin to cry at fate. Everyone is his own destiny! By the end of her life, Izergil comes to the realization of true values, and therefore she will draw the author’s attention to “sparks from the burning heart of Danko” and tell the legend about the origin of sparks, the legend about Danko. As opposed to the idea of ​​selfless service to people, the theme “ careful person". Danko's feat could inspire other young men in their search, and therefore the tradesman tried to extinguish the flame, although he himself used its light.

The moral problem of the legend - how a person should be among people - develops in the writer into reflections on the civic purpose of a person, on the essence of the life he lived. Writer's conclusion: “In life there is always a place for exploits!”.

The story "Old Woman Izergil" is distinguished by its highly artistic form, the skillful use of figurative and expressive means of language. Emotional epithets, colorful landscapes with their multifaceted function, sharp contrasts, the use of romantic images of darkness and light bring everyday life and fairy tales closer together. Metaphors, comparisons, personifications enhance the effectiveness of the statement, they add various expressive emotional shades to the purely logical content. The horror of the loneliness of an individualist, embraced by excessive pride, who opposed himself to people, is reinforced by the metaphor: “There was so much longing in his eyes that one could poison all the people of the world with it.”