Write a general sentence. Uncommon Offers

During parsing, we characterize the sentence, indicating whether the sentence is exclamatory or non-exclamatory, simple or complex, common or non-common, and so on. In this article, we will talk about the characteristics of the proposal in terms of the presence or absence of secondary members.

What is a common offer

In many proposals, in addition to the main ones, there are also minor members. They make the sentence more colorful and understandable, allowing us to better imagine what the author tells us about. If in the sentence, in addition to the main one, there is at least one minor member, then we have a common sentence. If there are no minor members, the proposal is not extended.

If a sentence, in addition to the grammatical basis, has an appeal or an introductory construction, then this sentence still does not become common, because neither the appeal nor introductory words are not members of the proposal. Let's give an example: It seems it's dawn.

Minor members

In the sentence, you can meet various secondary members. They differ in grammatical meaning and by additional meaning, which they give to the main members.

A definition refers to a subject or object, less often to a circumstance or another definition if they are expressed by a noun. It answers questions Which? Whose? Which one is on the bill? Most often it is expressed as an adjective or participle in full form (variegated fallen leaves), pronoun (my portfolio), ordinal number (second floor). Less commonly, a definition can be expressed as a noun. (what dress? in a cage) or the infinitive of the verb (what dream? win a million). Often the definition is expressed by participial turnover.

Application is special definition, expressed by a noun, usually agreed upon (beautiful girl).

If the application is a title in quotation marks (books, magazines, trains, spaceships etc.), it does not decline along with the word being defined: in the Ogonyok magazine, about the Vostok ship).

And usual definition, and the application are underlined when parsing the sentence with a wavy line.

The predicate usually includes circumstances and additions.

Circumstance answers questions Where? When? Where? Where? Why? What for? How? In what degree? It is expressed most often by an adverb, a participle, a noun with a preposition; is also expressed participle turnover. There are frequent cases when the circumstance of the goal is an infinitive (went why? buy bread). When performing syntactic analysis, the circumstance must be underlined by the dot-dash line.

Complements are expressed most often by nouns or pronouns; they answer questions indirect cases(all but the nominative). Sometimes you can find additions expressed by the infinitive. It is necessary to underline this part of the sentence with a dotted line.

The scheme of a common sentence is usually a chain of graphic characters - underlines - corresponding to the location of the members of the sentence. Let's take an example.

"Yellow sheet smoothly descended to the track" .

In this sentence, first is the definition yellow, then the subject sheet, the circumstance "smoothly", the addition "(to) the track." So the diagram will look like this: wavy line, straight line, dot-dash line, double line, dotted line.

In this lesson, we will talk about what sentences are and how they can be classified.

Examples of two-part sentences:

explodedpetard.

Highly scary tale happened to me last night.

If a grammatical basis consists of one main member, such a sentence is called one-piece.

Examples of one-part sentences:

Summer.

Holidays.

I want to go to the sea.

We'll rest soon.

Main Member one-part sentence in its properties and structure it is similar either to a two-part predicate or to a subject.

Depending on whether there are secondary members in the sentence, the sentences are common and uncommon(Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Types of sentences regarding the presence / absence of secondary members ()

AT non-distributed sentences, except for the main members, there are no other members of the proposal.

Examples of uncommon offers:

It got dark.

Wind started to blow.

A ghost appeared.

If the sentence has at least one minor member, such a sentence is called widespread.

Examples of common offers:

It suddenly got dark.

A terrible piercing wind blew.

A ghost appeared from behind the curtain.

Thus, it is possible to determine whether a sentence is widespread or not common by the presence of secondary members in it.

Please note that words that are not members of the sentence (addresses, introductory words and constructions) do not make the sentence widespread.

It seems to be getting dark- a simple uncommon proposal.

As soon as it got dark, naturally, a ghost appeared - difficult sentence, consisting of two simple and uncommon.

Simple sentences are divided into full and incomplete(Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Types of proposals regarding the presence / absence of the necessary members ()

If the sentence contains all the components necessary for its understanding, if in order to understand the meaning of the sentence, we do not need to refer to other sentences, such sentences are called complete:

I'm not afraid of ghosts.

If we lack components to understand a sentence, if, in order to understand its meaning, we need to turn to neighboring proposals, such a proposal would be incomplete:

I'm not afraid of ghosts.

Me too (the meaning of this sentence will be hidden until we know the context of its use).

Rice. 4. How to distinguish an incomplete sentence from a one-part ()

As you can see, the meaning of an incomplete sentence is easy to restore if you add the necessary components from the context to it (Fig. 4). Note that in incomplete sentence all the main members of the sentence may be missing:

- Have you seen a ghost?

- What was it like?

- Creepy! (this is a common incomplete sentence)

In addition, an incomplete sentence may lack the secondary members of the sentence necessary for understanding:

Thus, the prevalence or non-proliferation of a sentence is determined by a formal feature: whether or not there is a minor member in the sentence. And the division of the sentence into complete or incomplete is made according to the semantic, or semantic, feature. That is, if a minor member is absent in the sentence, but it is necessary for its understanding, as in the question “Did you manage?”, Such a sentence will be incomplete and not widespread.

Bibliography

1. Textbook: Russian language: textbook for grade 8. general education institutions / T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, M.T. Baranov, L.A. Trostentsova and others - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2008.

2. Ugrovatova T.Yu. Russian language tests. - 2011.

3. Exercise, practical tasks/ aut.-stat. N.Yu. Kadashnikov. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2009.

3. Website repetitor.biniko.com ()

Homework

1. Read and rewrite the texts. Find in them one-part, non-common and incomplete sentences.

A. The office in the Yalta house of Anton Pavlovich was small, twelve paces long and six wide. Directly opposite the front door is a large square framed window. On the right side, in the middle of the wall, there is a brown tiled fireplace. There are a few knick-knacks on the mantelpiece, and between them is a beautifully made model of a sailing schooner.

B. The first time she appeared in the evening. She ran almost to the fire itself, grabbed a fish tail that was lying on the ground, and dragged it under a rotten log. I immediately realized that this is not a simple mouse. Much less voles. Darker. And most importantly - the nose! Spatula, like a mole. Soon she returned, began to dart under my feet, to collect fish bones, and, only when I stamped angrily, she hid. “Though not a simple one, but still a mouse,” I thought. "Let him know his place." And her place was under a rotten cedar log. She dragged her prey there. She got out of there the next day.

Q. This autumn I spent the night with my grandfather Larion. The constellations, cold as grains of ice, floated in the water. Noisy dry reeds. The ducks shivered in the thickets and plaintively quacked all night. Grandpa couldn't sleep. He sat by the stove and repaired a torn fishing net. Then he put the samovar - from it the windows in the hut immediately fogged up.

1. Read the information .

Uncommon proposal- a sentence that consists only of the main members (subject and predicate).

Common Suggestion- a sentence in which, in addition to the main ones (subject and predicate), there are also secondary members of the sentence (addition, definition, circumstance).

2. Consider examples uncommon and common offers.

Offer	Example
Uncommon	The birds are singing.
Uncommon	The stream is ringing.
Common	Elk easy running through the swamps.
Common	Cats love the pungent scent of valerian.

The location of the subject and predicate in non-common sentences may look like this.

Subject + predicate. The birches turned yellow.
Predicate + subject. Lightning flashed.
Subject + predicate, predicate. Everything is green and blooming.
Subject + predicate, predicate, predicate. The cubs played, fought, tumbled.
Subject + predicate AND predicate.
Predicate + subject AND subject. Winter and spring meet.
Predicate + subject, subject, subject AND subject. Apple trees, pears, cherries and plums blossomed.

Predicate AND predicate + subject, subject AND subject. Bushes, trees and blades of grass awaken and come to life.

Simple common sentences. Examples on the topic - HOW THE ANIMALS ARE PREPARING FOR WINTER

Examples of simple common sentences with the word - AUTUMN

Examples of simple common sentences with the word - WIND

How to make an uncommon offer - THE EARTH IS RICH - common

EXAMPLES OF UNCOMMON OFFERS.

The sentences are arranged alphabetically (according to the letter of the first word in the sentence).

BUT

The storks got scared and hid.

The birch is alive. The birches turned yellow. The snake flashed. Lightning flashed.

Bears roam. It was September.

A blizzard is blowing. The wind is noisy. The wind howls. The thread has wobbled. The lark flew up. The sun has risen. The water darkened. The cubs played, fought, tumbled. Sparrow calmed down. The sparrow took off. Here is the blizzard. Here comes the squirrel. Everything is green and blooming. Everything is frozen.

Everything sparkles and sparkles. Everything turned yellow. Everything is awakening. Winter and spring meet. The sun came out. Water came out.

Thunder boomed. Bees and bumblebees are buzzing.

The tree swayed. The trees swayed. The trees withered, degenerated.

The rain is drizzling. Rain stopped. The house lit up. The road is frozen. The wind blows.

Hedgehogs play, frolic.

Nature is sad. The birds were silent. The kitten meowed. The sun shone.

The pond also fell asleep. Frost crackled. The bushes crackled. Apple trees, pears, cherries and plums blossomed. The firs rustled. The hare looked around. The earth trembled.

The animals hid.There lived a grandfather and a woman. Streams murmur.

And

It's raining. There is a storm.

The carriage pulled up and stopped.The frogs croaked.The holidays are over. The snow was circling. L The ice cracked. The forest was noisy. The forest is alive. The forest came to life, rustled. The forest has thinned.

The forest brightened up. The forest is sleeping. The leaves flew off. Leaves trembled, tore off and flew. Leaves fell and fell. The fishing has begun. It's raining. It's raining. People ran. People listened and smiled. The frogs croaked.

The boy fell. A shadow flickered. Silent fields and forests.The forest, and the wind, and the water are silent. The frost was getting stronger. Frost crackles.

A hairy bumblebee flew up to the daisies and buzzed loudly. The ants fussed. The ants are busy. We fell silent.

A cloud ran up. The wind came up. Autumn has come. Twilight came on. Evening came. Dawn has come. Morning has come. The cold has come. The storm has begun. The snowfall has begun. The sky turned black. The sky cleared up.

The sky is overcast. Nora collapsed.

The lake is frozen. She considered. Leaves are falling.

Snow falls. Snow fell. The sun was beating down. Moose graze. The songs are silent.

The snow ran. Brooks ran. It snowed. The carriage jumped.

The weather has changed. Dust has risen. The bunnies grew up and grew bolder.

The winds blew. Approach it autumn. The sun appeared. The strawberries ripen.

Apples, pears and plums ripened. Snowflakes fell. The branches fell down.

Streams flowed. The kidneys are swollen. Birds are singing. A swallow appeared.

There are chanterelles, mushrooms, russula, raincoats, butterflies.

Dandelions appear. Winter will come. The wagtail has arrived. Nature fell asleep. Nature is alive. Silent fields, forests. The little men got bored.

Summer has come . Animals run by. Moose run by. Birds fly by.

It rained. The cold is refreshing and invigorating. The storm has passed. The fox ran. A mouse ran. Bushes, trees and blades of grass awaken and come to life. The owl screamed. The grasshopper woke up. The summer has passed. Autumn has passed too. A mouse darted. The distances are clearing up. The bird got up and flew away.

The birds are in a hurry.

Work has stopped. The work didn't stop. There were voices.

The bell rang. There was a crack. Bells, forget-me-nots are blooming.

The guys are gone. The river is frozen. The river has become The lynx froze.

With

The seedlings took root, got stronger, grew up. Lightning flashed.

Oriole whistles. Voices are heard. A call is heard. Sounds and voices are heard. Snow sparkles, sparkles. The snow has melted. The snow has come down. The dog stopped. The sun was setting. The pines are frozen. Worth December.

Grasshoppers chirp. The arrow moved.

Snow is melting. The silence is worth it.

Wither, leaves turn yellow. Lightning struck.

The downpour poured down. Bough crunched.

Willows bloomed. Lilies of the valley, dandelions and strawberries bloom.The flowers withered, turned yellow.

The whisper subsides. The bumblebee is buzzing. Noisy, raging bad weather.

SCH

The puppy whined.

I stood and listened. I've calmed down. The lizards are gone.

3. Let's complete online tasks .

Tests on the topic "Offers"

A simple sentence is a sentence that consists of one or more grammatically combined words that express a complete thought. It is the basic grammatical unit of syntax. A simple sentence should have only one grammatical stem (predicative center).

Father is washing the car.
Children play on the lawn.
Dust.
Grandma is resting.

Simple sentence - basic structural type sentences in Russian, which serves to build complex sentences.

Spring has come + The snow has melted = Spring has come, the snow has melted.

Grammatical structure

Distinguish between main and secondary members of a simple sentence. The main ones - the subject (answers the questions "who? what?") and the predicate (answers the questions "what is he doing? what did he do? what will he do?") - call the object that is the subject of the action (subject) and the action itself performed by the subject (predicate). The subject and predicate are interconnected and form the predicative center.

Secondary - addition, definition, circumstance - explain the predicate and / or subject or other secondary members and syntactically depend on them.

The old tram slowly drove along the red-hot rails.

In this sentence, the subject is "tram", the predicate is "driving". The definition of "old" depends on the subject "tram". The predicate "traveled", which is related to the subject "tram", leads the object "on rails" and has the dependent circumstance "slowly". The addition, in turn, also has a minor dependent member of the sentence - the definition of "hot". The whole sentence is divided into a subject group ("an old tram") and a predicate group ("slowly drove along hot rails"). The information below will help you parse a sentence quickly and easily.

What are the types of simple sentences?

There are the following types of simple sentences:

non-exclamatory and exclamatory (regarding intonation);
narrative, interrogative, incentive (regarding the purpose of the statement);
two-part and one-part (relative to the composition of the grammatical basis);
complete and incomplete (regarding the presence / absence of the necessary members of the proposal);
widespread and non-common (regarding the presence / absence of secondary members of the proposal);
complicated and uncomplicated.

Exclamatory and non-exclamatory

As for this type, the defining moment is the presence / absence of an exclamation mark.

Spring came. Spring came!

Declarative, interrogative, motivating

The second type indicates the purpose for which this maxim is pronounced: to tell about something (the Danube flows into the Black Sea), to ask about something (When will you finally get married?) or to induce to something (Buy a loaf for dinner).

One piece and two piece

What kind simple sentences can be called monolithic? Those in which the predicative (grammatical) stem consists only of the subject or only of the predicate.

Thaw.
Beautiful girl.
It's getting light.

If of the main members in the sentence there is only the subject, then such grammatical units are called denominative or nominative.

The beauty is incredible!
Evening Kyiv with many lights.

If there is only a predicate, then there are several types of such single-component sentences:

definitely personal (the action is performed by a certain object or person and is expressed by a verb in the form of the 1st and 2nd person singular or plural present or future tense);
indefinitely personal (the predicate is expressed by the verb in the 3rd person plural);
generalized-personal (the verb is expressed in the form of the 2nd person singular present or future tense and 3rd person plural, but attention is focused on the action itself);
impersonal ( actor not grammatical).

A sentence whose predicative center consists of two members is called a two-part sentence.

It's raining.

Complete and incomplete

A simple sentence can be complete or incomplete.

A sentence is considered complete if it contains all the main and secondary members necessary for the construction and completeness of the meaning expression.

I look at the moon.
The train passes the bridge.

In incomplete, the main or minor member of the sentence is omitted, but it is clear from the context or situation of speech.

She greeted the teacher. He is with her.

The word "greeted" is missing here, but it is clear to the listener based on the context.

Common and non-common

A simple sentence can be common (there are secondary members that serve to explain the main ones) and non-common (it consists only of a predicative center, there are no secondary members). Examples of common offers:

The July sun shines brightly.
Finally cleared up.
Beautiful slender girl.