The largest metropolis on the planet. Restaurants are top notch

Chicago is the third most populous city in the United States(according to statistics, 8,000,000 people live there) and one of the largest transport hubs in North America. The city of Chicago is located in Illinois, on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. Chicago is home to the most majestic and tallest building in the United States - the Sears Tower. Its height is 443 m, and including television antennas it is 527 meters. The tower was built in 1974 and has an area of ​​418,000 m2.

The Sears Tower consists of nine towers, which are connected into a single structural composition. This tower is essentially an office building consisting of 110 floors. Another skyscraper that deserves attention is the John Hancock Center.

Its height reaches 344 meters, this 100-story building appeared in 1969, and on its 44th floor there is a luxurious swimming pool. Not the highest (only 179 meters), but quite interesting among 10 megacities of the world in my own way appearance(shaped like a corncob) is the Marina City building located in Chicago.

Seattle

Seattle is the largest city located in the northwest of the United States., with a population of 592,800 people, as of 2008. The main production facilities of companies such as Boeing and Microsoft are located in its vicinity. Among the city's attractions, one can highlight the most famous skyscraper in Seattle is the world famous symbol of the city - the Space Needle tower, which in translation means Space Needle.

The height of the tower is 184 meters and it was built in 1962. The Space Needle has an observation deck from which you can see a beautiful panorama of Seattle, Mount Rainier and the Cascade Mountains; the tower also houses the SkyCity restaurant, which translates to Heavenly City, and a large gift shop.

The architecture of Downtown with the famous Space Needle tower against the picturesque backdrop of the port makes the skyline of Seattle one of the most recognizable among the silhouettes of other American cities. It’s nice to stroll along the city embankment both in the morning and in the evening, go to a restaurant, feed the seagulls, buy a souvenir or just admire the fountains.

Paris

Paris is not only the capital of France but also amazing beautiful city with its centuries-old history and architectural attractions. The population in 2009 in Paris is 2,203,817 people.

Paris is very diverse in terms of nationality - Portuguese, Africans, and people from Algeria and other European countries have found refuge here. Probably the most famous asset of Paris is the Eiffel Tower, which was built in 1889 as a temporary structure, planned for demolition, but fortunately, it pleases us to this day.

The height of the Eiffel Tower together with the antenna is 324 m. Currently, the tower is used to transmit television signals, radio and cellular communications. Another attraction in Paris is La Defense - this is the largest business center in Europe, it is also called “Parisian New York”. La Defense consists of 12 sectors, of which we can note the Grand Arch of Defense, Areva Tower, Manhattan and the center of the latest Industry and Technology - CNIT.

Hong Kong

Hong Kong - located on the Kowloon Peninsula and washed from the west, east and south by the South China Sea. The most famous skyscrapers include the International Finance Center or translated as the International Finance center.

Its height reaches 415 meters together with the antenna spire, this is no more, no less, but as many as 88 floors. The architecture of the tower is interesting - it tapers towards the top, due to which it looks unique. The international financial center was built in 2003 to house financial firms on its premises.

A notable skyscraper in Hong Kong is the Bank of China Tower, which is 367 meters high. This 70-story building has a small observation deck from which you can admire the northwestern part of Hong Kong. Construction of the tower lasted for five years - from April 18, 1985 until May 17, 1990. But the most unusual in Hong Kong is the Lippo Center I skyscraper, reminiscent of koalas climbing up. The height of Lippo Center I is 172 meters and was built in 1988.

Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh is a city located in the state of Pennsylvania, which is located in the United States. Pittsburgh's population is 312,819 people, and the city's area covers 151.1 km².

Pittsburgh was founded in 1758 and over time grew into such a mighty and strong city. It can be confidently attributed to cultural, transport, scientific center area, which is also called the Pittsburgh Tri-State.

The main attractions of the city include the Museum natural history Carnegie University of Pittsburgh, which is one of the largest in the USA. Pittsburgh can be easily recognized by its central part - the so-called “golden triangle”, which consists of many skyscrapers and bridges. Like any skyscraper, there is an observation deck from which you can enjoy an indescribable view of the city and its surroundings. The Golden Triangle contains numerous company offices, luxury shops, as well as cozy restaurants and cafes.

Houston

Houston is a city in the United States with an area of ​​1,471 km².. It is located in the southeastern part of Texas, not far from the Gulf Coast.

The city was founded by two brothers in 1836 on the banks of the Buffalo River. The city's population is 2,208,180 people and this is not the limit. By nationality we can distinguish Hawaiians, Mexicans, Americans and African Americans.

This is a dynamically developing city with its own architectural masterpieces and attractions. Just look at the Houston rodeo, the Museum district, with its numerous museum complexes or Center for Manned Spacecraft. Lyndon Johnson, i.e. NASA. In Houston, there are two centers with high-rise buildings - Downtown and Uptown, which are located slightly south of Downtown. From 10 megacities of the world Here I would especially like to highlight the more famous Houston skyscraper - JP Morgan Chase, which has a height of 305 meters. From the observation deck of this building, from a bird's eye view, you can see how big, powerful and beautiful Houston is.

Tokyo

Tokyo is the capital of Japan, which is located in the southeastern part of the island of Honshu., namely on the Kanto Plain, which is located in the bay of Tokyo Bay Pacific Ocean. The area of ​​the city occupies 2,187.08 km², the population is over 12.5 million people.

The most high density population accounts for this city. Tokyo is a gigantic metropolis in which Tokyo has found its place National Museum and the Imperial Temple; a huge Aquarium and the Tokyo TV Tower - Tokyo Tower, which is a fairly tall skyscraper, its height is 333 meters, it was founded in 1958. Tokyo Tower is a symbol of the city and the Japanese are no less proud of it than the French are of theirs. Eiffel Tower. The TV tower has two observation decks from which an amazing panorama of Tokyo Bay opens.

I would especially like to note the complex of modern and fashionable skyscrapers, which is called the “Three Towers” ​​and is located on the island of Harumi. Yes, in Tokyo there really is something to see and get unforgettable impressions and emotions.

Dubai

Dubai is one of the largest cities in the United Arab Emirates, with a population of 1,870,000 people. Dubai is located on the shores of the Persian Gulf and covers an area of ​​1,114 km². Burj Dubai, which should be completed and put into operation in the near future, has declared itself as the tallest skyscraper in the world. Its height will be, according to preliminary data, 818 m and will be 160 floors. The shape of the skyscraper is a stalagmite and will differ from other skyscrapers in its design features.

The outer cladding is made of special reflective glass, which, according to the developers, will protect the tower from overheating and bright sunlight. But Dubai is famous not only for this ultra-modern skyscraper, but also for the Burj Al Arab, which means Arab Tower.

This is a luxurious seven-star hotel, with a building height of 321 m. The Arabian Tower could be considered the tallest hotel in the world, but in 2008 a hotel even taller than this was built, called the Rose Tower. Moreover, the Rose Tower is also located in Dubai and is 333 meters high.

London

London is the largest city located in the British Isles. In addition, London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, England and Northern Ireland. The area of ​​the capital is 1579 km², while the population living in London exceeds 8 million people.

According to the national composition, one can distinguish the English, who live in the majority, and the Irish. Probably the most famous assets of London are the Big Ben tower, which was built in 1858 and whose height is 61 m without the spire, Westminster Abbey and the Tower fortress. As for skyscrapers, the more famous is 30 St Mary Ax (The Gherkin), i.e.

The Mary Ax Tower, 30, is a forty-story skyscraper that in appearance resembles a gherkin or a cucumber. The tower design is made in the form of a greenish mesh shell with a central support base. An excellent panorama can be seen from 30 St Mary Ax (The Gherkin). By the way, the skyscraper is located in the center of the city's financial buildings and is the headquarters of Swiss Re.

Sydney

Sydney is essentially the most Big City Australia and the oldest, located on the southeast coast.

The settlement was founded in 1788, and after just over 200 years the city has turned into a modern, expensive city with numerous attractions and architectural values. Sydney's population is approximately 4.5 million people, with an area of ​​12,145 km².

The symbol of the city is the Opera building, accurate name which is the Sydney Opera House, which took 14 years to build. A wonderful place for relaxation and inspiration is the largest Chinese Garden of Friendship, located not in China, but in Sydney.

Among the high-rise buildings, we can note the AMP Tower Centerpoint television tower, where from a height of 305 meters you can see the entire city with bays, beaches and even the outskirts of Sydney with the Blue Mountains. Before observation deck can be reached by elevator, but for those who like walking there is a staircase consisting of 1504 steps. Sydney is truly a city of culture and learning.

Urban population growth is one of the the most important characteristics modern era. Until recently, the largest metropolises in the world were located exclusively in the European region and the old civilizations of Asia - China, India and Japan.

Two centuries of urbanization: 1800-2000

Until the 18th century, no city reached the threshold of one million inhabitants, with the exception of Rome in ancient period: at its climax its population was estimated at 1.3 million people. In 1800, there was only one settlement with a population of over 1 million - Beijing, and in 1900 there were already 15. The table shows a list of ten in 1800, 1900 and 2000 with the corresponding population estimate.

Population of the 10 largest cities, in thousands of inhabitants

					Tokyo-Yokohama		Tokyo-Yokohama
							Jakarta
					Sao Paulo
	Constantinople
					Calcutta
			Petersburg		Buenos Aires
			Philadelphia		Rio de Janeiro
			Manchester				Guangzhou-Foshan

After a period of political turmoil, China under the Qing dynasty experienced a long, peaceful period of demographic expansion. In 1800, Beijing became the first city since Rome (at the height of the Roman Empire) to have a population exceeding 1 million inhabitants. He was number one in the world then; Constantinople was in a state of decline. Then London and Paris appear (second and fifth respectively). But in this world ranking the urban tradition of Japan is already evident, since Edo (Tokyo) begins the 19th century with a population of half a million close to that of Paris, and Osaka is in the top ten.

The Rise and Fall of Europe

The growth of European civilization becomes evident. The main megacities of the world (9 out of 10) belonged to Western civilization on both sides of the Atlantic (Europe and the USA). The four largest metropolitan regions of China (Beijing, Canton, Hangzhou, Suzhou) disappeared from the list, thereby confirming the decline of the Chinese Empire. Another example of regression was Constantinople. On the contrary, cities such as London or Paris grew at an accelerated rate: between 1800 and 1900 their populations increased 7-8 times. Greater London had 6.5 million inhabitants, more than countries such as Sweden or the Netherlands.

The growth of Berlin or New York was even more impressive. In 1800, New York, with its 63 thousand inhabitants, was not the size of a capital, but a small town; one century later its population exceeded 4 million. Of the 10 megacities in the world, only one - Tokyo - was outside the sphere of European settlement.

Demographic situation at the beginning of the 21st century

By the end of the twentieth century, the world's largest megacities each had a population of 20 million. Tokyo is still expanding to such an extent that the city has become the largest metropolitan area in the world, with a population of 5 million more people than New York. New York itself, which has long held first place, is currently in fifth place with about 24 million residents.

While in 1900 only one of the ten largest urban agglomerates was outside the European sphere, the current situation is completely opposite, since none of the ten most populous metropolitan areas belongs to European civilization. The ten largest cities are located in Asia (Tokyo, Shanghai, Jakarta, Seoul, Guangzhou, Beijing, Shenzhen and Delhi), Latin America (Mexico City) and Africa (Lagos). For example, Buenos Aires, which is still in early XIX century was a village, in 1998 it reached 6th place with total number population 11 million people.

Explosive growth is taking place in Seoul, where the number of residents has increased 10-fold over the past half-century. Sub-Saharan Africa does not have an urban tradition and is only at the very beginning of this process, but even there there is already a million-plus city, Lagos, with a population of 21 million people.

About 2.8 billion urban residents in 2000

In 1900, only 10% of earthlings lived in cities. In 1950 there were already 29% of them, and by 2000 - 47%. Urban growth increased significantly: from 160 million in 1900 to 735 million in 1950 and to 2.8 billion in 2000.

Urban growth is a universal phenomenon. In Africa the sizes of some settlements doubling every decade, the result of explosive population growth and intense rural emigration. In 1950, almost every country in sub-Saharan Africa had urban population levels below 25%. In 1985, this situation remained in only one third of the countries, and in 7 countries the number of city dwellers prevailed.

City and village

In Latin America, on the contrary, urbanization began quite a long time ago. It reached its peak in the first half of the 20th century. Urban population still constitutes a minority in very few poorest countries Oh Central America and in the countries of the Caribbean region (Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti). In the most densely populated countries, the percentage of urban residents corresponds to the indicators of developed Western countries (more than 75%).

The situation in Asia is radically different. In Pakistan, for example, 2/3 of the population are residents rural areas; in India, China and Indonesia - 3/4; in Bangladesh - over 4/5. largely predominate. The vast majority of citizens still live in rural areas. Urban population concentration is limited to a few areas of the Middle East and industrial regions East Asia(Japan, Taiwan, Korea). Seems like high density rural population limits isolation and thus prevents over-urbanization.

The emergence of megacities

Urban residents are gradually becoming more and more concentrated in giant agglomerations. In 1900, the number of megacities with a population of more than 1 million people was 17. Almost all of them were located within European civilization - in Europe itself (London, Paris, Berlin), in Russia (St. Petersburg, Moscow) or in its North American branch (New York, Chicago, Philadelphia). The only exceptions were a few cities with a long history of political and industrial centers Tokyo, Beijing, Kolkata.

Half a century later, by 1950, the urban landscape had changed profoundly. The world's largest metropolitan areas still belonged to the European sphere, but Tokyo rose from 7th to 4th place. And the most eloquent symbol of the decline of the West was the fall of Paris from 3rd to 6th place (between Shanghai and Buenos Aires), as well as London from its leader position in 1900 to number 11 in 1990.

Third world cities and slums

In Latin America and even more so in Africa, where the abandonment of the land began suddenly, the crisis of cities is extremely deep. The pace of their development is two to three times lower than the rate of population growth; the speed of urbanization is now a burden: accelerating technological change and globalization limit the potential for creating enough new jobs, while schools and universities supply millions of new graduates to the labor market every year. Living in this type of metropolis is fraught with frustrations that fuel political instability.

Among the 33 metropolitan areas with more than 5 million people in 1990, 22 were in developing countries. The cities of the poorest countries tend to become the largest in the world. Their excessive and anarchic growth entails megacity problems such as the formation of slums and shacks, overburdened infrastructure and worsening social ills such as unemployment, crime, insecurity, drug abuse, etc.

Further spread of megacities: past and future

One of the most striking features of development is the formation of megacities, especially in less developed countries. According to the UN definition, these are populated areas with at least 8 million inhabitants. The growth of large urban formations is a new phenomenon that has occurred over the past half century. In 1950, only 2 cities (New York and London) were in this category. By 1990, the world's megacities included 11 settlements: 3 were located in Latin America (Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro), 2 were in North America (New York and Los Angeles), 2 in Europe (London and Paris) and 4 in East Asia (Tokyo, Shanghai, Osaka and Beijing). In 1995, 16 out of 22 megacities were located in less developed countries (12 in Asia, 4 in Latin America and 2 in Africa - Cairo and Lagos). By 2015, their number increased to 42. Among them, 34 (that is, 81%) are located in undeveloped countries and only 8 in developed ones. The vast majority of the world's megacities (27 out of 42, approximately two-thirds) are located in Asia.

The undisputed leading countries in the number of millionaire cities are China (101), India (57) and the USA (44).

Today, the largest European metropolis is Moscow, which ranks 15th with 16 million people. It is followed by Paris (29th with 10.9 million) and London (32nd with 10.2 million). Moscow received the definition of “megacity” at the end of the 19th century, when the 1897 census recorded 1 million city residents.

Candidates for megalopolises

Many agglomerates will soon cross the 8 million barrier. Among them are the city of Hong Kong, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Chongqing, Taipei-Taoyuan, etc. In the United States, candidates are far behind in terms of population. These are the agglomerates of Dallas/Fort Worth (6.2 million), San Francisco/San Jose (5.9 million), Houston with a population of 5.8 million, the city of Miami, and Philadelphia.

In total, only 3 American cities have so far crossed the 8 million mark - New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. The fourth most populous city in the United States and the first in Texas is Houston. The city is on the 64th place in the list of the largest settlements in the world. The growth of relatively small conurbations is also promising in the United States. Examples of such entities are Atlanta, Minneapolis, the city of Seattle, Phoenix and Denver.

Wealth and poverty

The meaning of hyperurbanization varies from continent to continent and from one country to another. The demographic profile, character economic activity, type of housing, quality of infrastructure, growth rate, history of settlement. For example, the cities of Africa have no past, and suddenly they began to be inundated by a massive and continuous influx of poor rural migrants (mostly peasants), as well as expanding due to high natural increase. Their growth rate is approximately double the global average.

In East Asia, where the population density is extremely high, enormous conurbations, which sometimes cover very large areas and include a network of surrounding villages, appeared due to improved economic conditions.

In the Indian subcontinent, megacities like Bombay, Kolkata, Delhi, Dhaka or Karachi tend to expand due to rural poverty as well as excess fertility. In Latin America the picture is somewhat different: urbanization here occurred much earlier and has slowed down since 1980; Structural adjustment policies seem to have played a key role in this turnaround.

The formation of megalopolises is associated with super-large urban agglomerations. Megalopolises (from the Greek “megas” - large, “polis” - city) are a gigantic cluster of agglomerations and cities merged with each other. This is what the famous geographer Jean Gottman called the strip-shaped clusters of 40 neighboring agglomerations along transport routes in the northern part of the Atlantic coast of the United States (this name later became a common noun, and it came from Megalopolis in Ancient Greece - the center of a union of Arcadian cities that arose around 370 BC. BC as a result of the merger of more than 35 settlements. The modern metropolis consists of the interchanging agglomerations of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington (hence its later name Boswam) and some others with a total area of ​​170 thousand km2. The population of this The country's "main street" population is about 50 million and produces approximately ½ of the industrial output of the United States.

Another megalopolis, Chipitts (Chicago-Pittsburgh), was formed in the USA on the southern coast of the Great Lakes as a result of the merger of 35 agglomerations. Its area is 160 thousand km2, its population is approximately 35 million inhabitants. The youngest metropolis in the west of the country, San San, stretches from San Francisco through the chain of centers of the Great California Valley to Los Angeles and further to San Diego. It has 20 million inhabitants.

The largest megalopolis on Earth in terms of population, Tokaido (about 70 million people), has developed on the Pacific coast of Japan (Tokyo-Osaka). It contains almost 60% of the population of this country and 2/3 of its industrial production.

In Western Europe, the English metropolis stands out for its size (uniting the agglomerations of London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, etc.) and the Rhine metropolis (ring agglomeration of Randstad in the Netherlands, Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main in Germany, etc.). Each of them includes up to 30 agglomerations with a total area of ​​about 50 thousand km2 and a population of 30-35 million people. The formation of an interstate megalopolis in North-Western Europe is becoming more and more clear. It covers contiguous urban areas of five countries. South-East England, Randstad, Rhine-Ruhr, Belgian-French (Antwerp-Brussels-Dill region) and Parisian. A kind of megalopolis took shape in 80-90. in southern China. It is based on the free economic zone of Shenzhen with a population of 3.3 million people, Hong Kong (5.6 million), which was returned to China on July 1, 1997 and was named Sangan, Zhuhai (1 million inhabitants), located near Macau, and largest agglomeration South China Guangzhou with a population of more than 4 million people. At the beginning of the 21st century, a fairly powerful megalopolis with a population of about 30 million people apparently formed here.

Megalopolises based on rapidly growing agglomerations are also emerging in other developing countries. This is Sao Paulo-Rio de Janeiro-Belo Horizonte in Brazil, Capr-Alexandria in Egypt, Calcutta-Asansol-river valley. Damodar in India.

8. Suburbanization.

Since the 60s In almost all Western European countries, in Canada, Australia, New Zealand (and in the USA even earlier), the population of cities and the share of the urban population began to decline. However, it would be wrong to interpret this as a reversal of the urbanization process: urbanization has entered a new phase, which is called suburbanization.

Suburbanization. – development of suburbs. Initially, it manifests itself in the emergence of suburbs around large cities. As a result, urban agglomerations are formed - interconnected groups of settlements (primarily urban), united by various types of connections (labor, industrial, recreational, infrastructure, etc.) into dynamic systems. Then the suburbs begin to develop more rapidly (primarily demographically) compared to the central city.

Finally, the suburbs are beginning to develop at the expense of the central city: there is an intensive relocation of residents from the central city to the suburban area, and the transfer of industrial and other functions there. The population in the central regions is gradually declining.

The reasons for this process are numerous. They have been studied in detail in the USA and other countries of intensive suburbanization. IN general case It is possible to identify the reasons that “push” the population out of central cities and attract residents to the suburbs.

The “pushing” reasons are usually indicated high cost good real estate in the city, overcrowding and obsolescence of housing in central cities, acute economic problems, high local taxes, worsening social problems, lack of prestige of the address. In the United States, they also point to the importance of such a factor as the fear of a decline in the level of education of children due to the desegregation of schools in 1954. Many of these reasons are interrelated and interdependent. What factors attract people to the suburbs? In the USA and Great Britain, great importance is attached to the desire of people to live in their own home. In the US urban housing stock, single-family houses make up 2/3, with ? in central cities and 3/4 in the suburbs. The share of single-family houses is constantly increasing. The desire to live in their own homes is consistent with the relatively low cost of real estate in the suburbs, good ecology, low local taxes. Significant reasons include the increasing need for large living space, special government programs for population deconcentration, the development of suburban infrastructure, and the desire to have a prestigious address. New suburban settlements are also distinguished, as a rule, by great social homogeneity, which is supported by a system of special measures. This sale of land only in large plots, inflated prices of houses for unwanted settlers, etc. As a result, people with an income level below a certain level cannot settle in this settlement.

A necessary condition for suburbanization is the development of transport to ensure transportation between places of residence and place of work, since the majority of those moving continue to work in the central city. That is why the first signs of suburbanization appeared in developed countries after the development of suburban railway and tram services. But intensive suburbanization began with the mass motorization of the population, since only a personal car provides high degree freedom of relative placement of places of residence and places of work.

In accordance with the above, initially the most affluent sections of the population, the elite of society, move from the central city to the suburbs. By doing this, they create a model of behavior for the rest of the population, which is not implemented for material reasons: people would like to move, but cannot afford it with their level of income. As prosperity increases, increasingly wider sections of the population are involved in resettlement. Intensive suburbanization begins with the relocation of large middle class representatives.

The suburbanization of the population is followed by the suburbanization of industry and other areas of employment. It begins with the removal of large industrial enterprises outside the central cities that require large areas and are environmentally safe (chemical, oil refining, metallurgical, etc.). Among the reasons for the suburbanization of industry, the increasing demand of enterprises for large plots of land and their reorientation to automobile transport instead of railway and inland waterways, lower cost of land in the suburbs, migration of skilled workers to the suburban area, etc. The suburbanization of trade and services is directly related to the suburbanization of the population, the suburbanization of management functions - with the crisis state of central cities, the relocation of employees to the suburbs, a high degree of development infrastructure in the suburbs. Nevertheless, the suburbanization of jobs is still less than the suburbanization of the population. A significant proportion of suburban residents continue to work in central cities.

Naturally, suburbanization, one of the reasons for which is the crisis of central cities in in a broad sense, further intensifies this crisis. Central cities are deprived of a significant part of the tax base, the number of jobs in them is decreasing and unemployment is correspondingly growing, the concentration of marginal segments of the population with low incomes is increasing, etc. Therefore, at present, government programs are aimed mainly at the revival of urban centers, when, as in the first post-war years, they were aimed at deconcentrating the population and economically large cities.

The further development of the process of suburbanization resulted in the intensification of relocations of residents not only to the suburban zone of urban agglomerations, but also to non-agglomeration territories. The USA has already become a “country of suburbs” - about 60% of the population of metropolitan areas lives there.

Moscow, August 20 - "Vesti.Ekonomika". The American research institute Brookings Institute presented the 2018 Global Metro Monitor study, which compiled a ranking of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the world.

Brookings Institute experts examined such parameters as GDP, GDP per capita, purchasing power parity, employment level, and population of the 300 largest metropolises in the world.

The study notes that these megacities account for 36% of global employment growth and 67% of global GDP growth.

The only one Russian city, which is included in the list of the 300 largest megacities in the world, is Moscow. She was in 287th place in the growth ranking.

It is noted that employment growth was 0.6% from 2014 to 2016, and the level of GDP growth was negative: -2.9%.

Below we highlight the 10 metropolitan areas with the highest growth rates.

1. Dublin, Ireland

Dublin is a city-county in Ireland, the capital of the country. IN Lately Banking also plays an important role in Dublin's economy. Citibank and Commerzbank have branches in Dublin.

Recently, many industrial associations producing pharmaceutical products have opened here.

Whole line Large American companies specializing in information and Internet technologies opened their offices in Dublin, forming the so-called Silicon Docks area.

These companies primarily include Microsoft, Google, Amazon, PayPal, Yahoo!, Facebook, LinkedIn, Airbnb.

Intel and Hewlett Packard have large factories in County Kildare, 15 kilometers west of Dublin.

Employment growth was 2.5%, and GDP per capita growth was 21.2%.

2. San Jose, USA

San Jose is a city in California, third in population in the state after Los Angeles and San Diego and tenth in the United States.

San Jose is the self-proclaimed capital of Silicon Valley.

The headquarters of many information technology companies are located here, including Cisco Systems, Adobe Systems, BEA Systems, eBay, KLA Tencor.

Employment growth was 3.4%, and GDP per capita growth was 7.5%.

3. Chengdu, China

Chengdu is a sub-provincial city in southwestern China. Chengdu - major center economy, trade, finance, science and technology, as well as an important center of transport and communications.

Important role Production plays a role in the economy. The main industries in Chengdu include the production of appliances, equipment, food, medicine and IT. The largest enterprises in these industries include Chengdu Sugar and Wine Co. Ltd., Chengdu Food Group, Sichuan Medicine Co. Ltd., Chengdu Automobile Co. Ltd. and others.

A high-tech industrial park has been deployed and is expanding in Chengdu, where one of the country's largest aerospace production facilities is located.

Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation produces military and other aircraft equipment, including the modern Chengdu J-10 Swift Dragon fighter and the first copies of one of the few fifth-generation fighters in the world, the Chengdu J-20 Black Eagle.

Employment growth was 5.9%, and GDP per capita growth was 7.2%.

4. San Francisco, USA

San Francisco is world class tourist center, famous for its cool summer fogs, steep hills and mix of Victorian and modern architecture.

The city's attractions include the Golden Gate Bridge, Alcatraz Island, the cable car system, Coit Tower and Chinatown.

The basis of San Francisco's economy is tourism. Through the city's portrayal in films, music, and popular culture, San Francisco is recognized throughout the world.

Employment growth was 3.8%, and GDP per capita growth was 4.1%.

5. Beijing, China

Beijing is the capital and one of the central cities of the People's Republic of China.

It is the largest railway and road junction and one of the main air hubs in the country.

In addition, Beijing is the political, educational and cultural center of the PRC, while Shanghai and Hong Kong are considered the main economic centers.

At the same time, recently it has increasingly assumed the role of a locomotive entrepreneurial activity and the main field for creating innovative enterprises.

Employment growth was 2.8%, and GDP per capita growth was 6.3%.

6. Delhi, India

Delhi is the second largest city (after Mumbai) in India. Delhi is a cosmopolitan city where different cultures are mixed.

Different nations India are playing different roles in the city's economy.

Construction, energy, utilities, healthcare, home sales and other services aimed at the local population also make up a significant part of the city's economy.

Moreover, Delhi's retail sector is witnessing one of the fastest growth rates in the country.

Employment growth was 4.7%, and GDP per capita growth was 6.6%.

7. Manila, Philippines

Manila is the capital of the Philippines.

With a convenient harbor, Manila is the country's main port and one of the busiest ports in the world.

Industries include the production of chemicals, textiles and clothing, electronics, food and beverages, tobacco products, plywood, copra, coconut oil, etc.

Food industry- one of the most stable sectors of production. Center for the Philippine Printing Industry.

Employment growth was 5.7%, and GDP per capita growth was 5.5%.

8. Fuzhou, China

Fuzhou is a city district in Fujian Province of China, administrative center provinces.

Fuzhou is a major center of the chemical, forestry, pulp and paper, food, printing, textile industries, as well as mechanical engineering.

Employment growth was 6%, and GDP per capita growth was 7.8%.

9. Tianjin, China

Tianjin is one of the four central cities of the People's Republic of China. Tianjin's urban area is the third largest in mainland China.

Airbus opened an assembly plant in the city to assemble Airbus A320 class airliners; production facilities officially opened in 2009.

At the same time, in this project The partners were the Chinese companies China Aviation Industrial Corporation No. 1 and China Aviation Industrial Corporation No. 2, and assembly plants from all over the world supplied components to the plant.

The city is experiencing a construction boom. The most tall building The 75-story skyscraper Tianjin International Financial Center is a 75-story skyscraper, and the 117-story skyscraper Goldin Finance 117 is under construction.

Employment growth was 2.5%, and GDP per capita growth was 7.6%.

10. Xiamen, China

Xiamen is a sub-provincial city in Fujian Province (PRC), largest port provinces on the coast of the Taiwan Strait.

Being an important port, Xiamen is known as one of the 10 largest ports China, with 80 berths of various sizes serving more than 60 ports in more than 40 countries and regions.

With developed economic and trade relations with 162 countries and regions in the world, Xiamen is considered one of the most attractive destinations for foreign investors.

Employment growth was 5.4%, and GDP per capita growth was 7.1%.

The capital of India is already among the top ten big cities peace. But according to demographers’ forecasts, in the near future the rapid growth in the number of residents of the metropolis may become the reason for the city’s leadership in the ranking.

Initially the reason active development The city has become a favorable geographical location. For several centuries, Old Delhi was the center of the Muslim sultanate.

During this period, mosques, stone fortresses, temples and mausoleums were actively built here. Many of these buildings have been well preserved to this day, even despite their ancient age.

New Delhi is a conglomerate comprising several districts, including Old city with a huge number of objects of ancient architecture and new neighborhoods that were built in the 30s of the last century by the British.

It should be noted that at the beginning of the 20th century the city was part of a British colony, and this left an indelible mark on its development and architecture.

Today, the new area is occupied by administrative and financial institutions, including the government building and foreign embassies.

Residential areas are located in the south of Delhi, where wealthy residents of the city and the middle class live. And on the outskirts of the metropolis you can see great amount slums where beggars and poor people live.

What is the largest city in the world by population?

What metropolis does he live in today? greatest number inhabitants, in other words, what is the largest city in the world by population?

In Shanghai. This city is a world leader in terms of population as well as population density. About 25 million people live here on an area of ​​6.3 thousand square kilometers.

It’s hard to imagine, but just a few centuries ago, on the site of a huge ultra-modern metropolis, there was a tiny fishing village.

The sharp economic growth of this region is associated with the Opium Wars, when profitable geographical position settlements on the seashore.

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Today Shanghai is a major financial, economic, commercial, industrial and cultural center.

The business district houses offices and representative offices of not only large Chinese companies, but also world-famous foreign corporations.

There is something to see in the city for tourists too. Shanghai has a large number of attractions, both historical and modern.

Very often this metropolis is called Eastern Paris. This is due to the fact that there are a huge number of boutiques, shops and retail outlets here, and shopping lovers come from all over the world to buy branded items at affordable prices. For this purpose, annual exhibitions and festivals are even organized.