The main cities of Udmurtia. Udmurt republic
Udmurtia is a republic located on the territory Russian Federation, is its subject. It beckons with its endless expanses and beautiful landscapes. More than 1.5 million people live on its territory. The total area of the republic is 42.06 thousand square meters. km.
There are six cities in this area. The main one is Izhevsk. The population in it exceeds 640 thousand people. City status was granted in 1918. Votkinsk and Sarapul share the second place in terms of population (about 99 thousand people). The third city in the republic is Glazov. Almost 95 thousand people live in it. In Mozhga, the population does not exceed 50 thousand, and in Kambarka - 11 thousand.
Sarapul
The city of Sarapul is located on the Kama River, 60 kilometers southeast of Izhevsk. It has been known as a settlement since the 16th century due to the fact that fishermen have chosen places in the floodplain of the Kama. Here the river sterlet was found in abundance. Currently, almost 100 thousand people live in Sarapul, most of whom are employed in the city's machine-building enterprises.
Some cities of Udmurtia, and this one is no exception, are connected by road with Izhevsk. Sarapul has Train Station, a direct road to Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and other settlements in the south of Russia. Passing trains from Moscow run at least 3 times a day. The city has a university - a branch named after Kalashnikov.
Mozhga
The city of Mozhga (Udmurtia) is a settlement, the number of inhabitants in which is about 49 thousand. Half of them are Russians, 25% are Tatars, 15% are Udmurts. At times Soviet Union was known as the city that produced wooden rulers popular throughout the country for schoolchildren. Currently, the company assembles very competitive children's furniture.
Some cities of Udmurtia are equipped with transport lines connecting with other settlements in Russia. There are six bus routes here, a railway line connects the city with Kazan and Yekaterinburg.
Mozhga is known for its ski school. Athletes from this city are multiple winners of regional championships, many of them are part of the national team, both the main and youth teams.
Glazov
According to a beautiful legend, the outlines of the city from the highest point, Falcon Mountain, resemble the human eye. Due to this, other cities of Udmurtia lag behind in beauty from the one described.
Modern Glazov is a highly urbanized settlement with a developed infrastructure. It is connected directly by rail with Moscow, as well as with Perm. It is located 200 kilometers north of Izhevsk. City-forming enterprise - Chepetsky mechanical plant, which is under the jurisdiction of the Rosatom corporation, is an important link in the nuclear fuel production chain. By volume economic production it is the second city in the republic, and the first in terms of GDP per capita (ahead of the capital of the region).
Votkinsk
Being one of the oldest settlements Ural, the city itself was founded in the 18th century with the organization of an iron-mining manufactory. Known as the birthplace of the composer P. I. Tchaikovsky. All cities of Udmurtia are popular thanks to their great people. Votkinsky Pond, which is now the venue for festivals named after the great composer, served as the prototype for the pond in the ballet Swan Lake. Bandy Club "Znamya-Udmurtia" represents the region in the Major League of the Russian Championship.
PRIVOLZHSKII federal district. Udmurt republic. The area is 42.1 thousand square kilometers. Formed on November 4, 1920.
Administrative center federal district - city of Izhevsk.
Udmurt republic- a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Volga Federal District, located in the western part of the Middle Urals, in the basins of the Kama and Vyatka rivers. The main rivers are the Kama and the tributaries of the Vyatka (Cheptsa, Kilmez, etc.). Votkinsk reservoir.
Udmurt republic included in the Ural economic region. The main industries are mechanical engineering, metalworking, ferrous metallurgy and woodworking industry. The industry is based on enterprises producing defense products - from small arms, including the legendary Kalashnikov assault rifles, to satellite systems and intercontinental missiles. Agricultural lands occupy up to 50% of the territory of the republic. Cattle and pigs predominate in animal husbandry, sheep and poultry are bred. Rye, wheat, buckwheat, barley, oats, millet, peas, corn, sunflower, flax, rapeseed, potatoes, vegetables, fodder crops are grown. Main Natural resources- timber and oil. The republic also has peat reserves, nitrogen-methane deposits, produces quartz sand, clay, limestone.
By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of November 4, 1920, the Votskaya Autonomous Region was formed.
By the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the USSR of January 1, 1932, the Votsk Autonomous Region was renamed the Udmurt Autonomous Region.
By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the USSR of December 28, 1934, the Udmurt Autonomous Region was transformed into the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
On October 11, 1991, the Udmurt ASSR became the Udmurt Republic.
On June 20, 1958, the Udmurt ASSR was awarded the Order of Lenin, a number of prominent representatives of the republic were awarded the title of "Hero socialist labor”, other high state awards were presented.
In 1970, the republic was awarded the Order of the October Revolution.
And on December 20, 1972, she was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples, in honor of this, the Friendship of Peoples monument was opened in the city of Izhevsk, which is still the main memorial and calling card capital of the Udmurt Republic.
Cities and regions of the Udmurt Republic.
Cities of the Udmurt Republic: Votkinsk, Glazov, Kambarka, Mozhga, Sarapul.
Urban districts of the Udmurt Republic:"City of Izhevsk"; "City of Votkinsk"; "City of Eyes"; "City of Mozhga"; "City of Sarapul".
Municipal areas - Administrative center: Alnashsky district - with. Alnashi; Balezinsky district - pos. Balezino; Vavozhsky district - with. Vavozh; Votkinsk district - Votkinsk; Glazovsky district - the city of Glazov; Grakhovsky district - with. Grakhovo; Debossky district - with. Debosy; Zavyalovsky district - with. Zavyalovo; Igry district - town Game; Kambarsky district - the city of Kambarka; Karakulinsky district - with. Karakulino; Kezsky district - pos. Kez; Kiznersky district - pos. Kizner; Kiyasovsky district - with. Kiyasovo; Krasnogorsk district - with. Krasnogorsk; Malopurginsky district - with. Small Blizzard; Mozhginsky district - the city of Mozhga; Sarapulsky district - with. Sigaevo; Selty district - with. Celts; Syumsinsky district - with. Sumsi; Uvinsky district - pos. Uva; Sharkansky district - with. Sharkan; Yukamensky district - with. Yukamenskoye; Yakshur-Bodyinsky district - with. Yakshur-Bodya; Yarsky district - pos. Yar
Udmurt Republic within the Russian Federation. It is called by the self-name of its indigenous population, the Udmurts. At the heart of the ethnonym Iran. murt "Human". In the past they were called votyaks, which is reflected in the name of the first nat. adm. education of the Udmurts Votskaya ace (1920-1932) . Modern official The name Udmurt Republic was adopted in 1990.
Geographical names of the world: Toponymic Dictionary. - M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001 .
Udmurtia
republic (since 1934) in the Ural economy. area. Pl. 42.1 thousand km², the capital - Izhevsk . It is located in the Cis-Urals, between the Kama and Vyatka rivers. B.ch. occupy rolling plains, elevated in the north and south, marshy in the west. The climate is temperate continental. Main rivers - Kama with tributaries, a large Botkinskoe reservoir. OK. 40% is covered with forests, in the north - southern taiga (spruce, pine), in the south - mixed (larch, linden, spruce); along the valleys - floodplain meadows. Population 1571 thousand people. (2002), ca. 70% - urban. Density 37.3 pers. per 1 km². Russians 58.9%, Udmurts 30.9%, Tatars. Machinery (cars, motorcycles; drilling equipment), ferrous metallurgy; military, oil production, chemical, construction, forestry and woodworking. prom. Manufacture of hunting and sporting rifles. Extraction of oil, peat, quartz sand, clay, limestone. Sat. x-in the livestock and grain direction, flax growing (the main region in the Urals). Judgment on the Kama. Economy centers: Izhevsk, Sarapul, Glazov, Votkinsk. Research Institute of History, Economics, Language and Literature; design and branch institutes; 5 universities; 6 museums; 5 theatres.
Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under general edition acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .
Udmurtia is a republic within the Russian Federation (cm. Russia), located in the east of the East European Plain, in the Middle Urals. The area of the republic is 42 thousand square meters. km, population - 1627 thousand people, 69% of the population lives in cities (2001). The main population is Russians (58%), Udmurts (31%), Tatars (7%). The republic includes 25 districts, 6 cities, 10 urban-type settlements (2001). The administrative center is the city of Izhevsk, significant cities: Glazov, Sarapul, Votkinsk, Mozhga. February 27, 1921 was formed as Votskaya Autonomous Region. In 1934 it was transformed into the Udmurt ASSR. Since 1990 - the Republic of Udmurtia; is part of the Volga Federal District.
Udmurtia is a developed industrial region, the history of which is connected with the formation of the Russian metallurgical, weapons and machine-building industries. In modern Udmurtia, mechanical engineering and metalworking are developed (production of cars, tape recorders, washing machines, motorcycles, diesel locomotives, machine tools, oilfield equipment, weapons). Important role Ferrous metallurgy, timber and woodworking industries, chemical, glass and light industries play in the region's economy. The republic produces oil, gas and peat.
The largest enterprises of the republic: the Izhmash plant (production of cars, motorcycles), the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant (production of sports and hunting weapons), the Izhevsk Motor Plant, the Votkinsk Plant (production of metal-cutting machine tools), the Electric Power Plant (Sarapul), Udmurtneft. The main industrial centers are the cities of Izhevsk, Sarapul, Votkinsk, Glazov. Leading Industry Agriculture- animal husbandry.
Udmurtia is located between the rivers Kama and Vyatka. It borders on the south with Tatarstan (cm. Tataria) and Bashkiria (cm. Bashkiria), in the north and west - with the Kirov region (cm. Kirov region), in the east - with the Perm region (cm. Perm region). The north of the republic is occupied by the Verkhnekamsk upland (height up to 330 m), in the west, in the Kilmez river basin, there is a swampy lowland in places, in the south - Mozhginskaya and Sarapulskaya uplands. The main rivers of Udmurtia are the Kama and the tributaries of the Vyatka (Cheptsa, Kilmez). The Votkinsk reservoir is located on the territory of the republic. The climate is temperate continental. average temperature January -15 °С, July +19 °С. Precipitation falls 500 mm per year. Udmurtia is located in the zones of southern taiga and mixed forests, which occupy over 40% of the territory. The Udmurt forests attract numerous hunters and fishermen; fox, marten, ermine, badger, wolf, and among the birds - hazel grouse, capercaillie, black grouse, partridge. Bream, roach, perch, ide, burbot are found in the rivers. On the territory of the region there is a balneo-mud resort Varzi-Yatchi.
The territory of Udmurtia has long been inhabited by tribes of Udmurts, or "Vots". In the 10th-12th centuries, the Udmurts were under economic and cultural influence Volga-Kama Bulgaria. In the 13th century, the territory of Udmurtia was conquered by the Mongol-Tatars. In the 14th century, Russian colonization began. The active development of these territories by Russia continued in the 17-18 centuries, when the first enterprises were built, which became the basis for the transformation of the region into a large industrial centre Russia. Highest value received metallurgy, engineering and weapons production. In 1759 and 1760, the largest Udmurt factories - Izhevsk and Votkinsk - were built. In 1774, detachments of Emelyan Pugachev passed through Udmurtia, causing serious damage to Izhevsk. At the end of the 18th century, there was architectural appearance most cities of Udmurtia - such as Izhevsk, Glazov, Votkinsk, Sarapul.
Attractions
The architectural monuments of Udmurtia are represented by buildings of the 18th-19th centuries. These are stone churches in the villages of Kulyushevo, Sada, Elovo, built in the style of Russian churches of the 17th century; Church of the Ascension in the village of Vodzimonye, dating back to the era of classicism; wooden houses and stone buildings of the early 19th century in the style of classicism in Votkinsk; carved wooden houses and brick houses with architectural details in the neo-baroque and modern style of the late 19th - early 20th century in Sarapul (the Resurrection Church of 1817, the fire tower of 1887, residential buildings of the early 20th century, including the house of A.P. Bashenin and house of P. F. Koreshev).
Udmurtia is attractive natural conditions, as well as archaeological sites. Known in Russia is the Varzi-Yatchi resort, created on the basis of mineral springs. Kambarka is one of the few places in Udmurtia where rare and endemic plant species are preserved; taiga small-fruited cranberries grow here (there is a cranberry swamp in the city). In the Kambarsky district there is a natural monument - the landscape tract Valyay. 2 km from Glazov there is a monument of Finno-Ugric culture - the Chepetsk settlement Idnakar.
On the territory of Udmurtia there are numerous museums dedicated to the history and culture of the region, the life and work of people who were born and worked in Udmurtia. Among them, opened in 1987, the house-museum of academician N. V. Melnikov, known for his work in the field of mining science (native of Sarapul). The Alnash Historical and Literary Museum tells about the customs and rituals of the Udmurt people. Amateur tourism is developed in Udmurtia. In general, tourists are attracted forest areas Upper Kama Upland, northern part of the republic, Kilmez river basin. Rafting on the Vyatka River is popular among water tourists.
The city of Votkinsk is the regional center of Udmurtia. Population - 101 thousand people (2001). The city is located in the Kama region, on the Votka River (Kama basin), 55 km northeast of Izhevsk. It was founded in 1759 as a settlement at the Votkinsk ironworks. The name of the city was given by the river Votka, it comes from the word "here" - "Udmurt". In the second half of the 19th century, the Votkinsk plant produced agricultural machines, anchors, razors, springs for mechanical watch. In the middle of the 19th century, a metal frame of the spire was made here. Peter and Paul Fortress In Petersburg. By 1870, the second open-hearth furnace in Russia was built in Votkinsk. Votkinsk received city status in 1935. Votkinsk is known as a city with which the name of P.I. Tchaikovsky is closely connected. He was born in Votkinsk on May 7, 1840 in house number 1 on Gospodskaya Street. In this house, a hundred years later - on April 30, 1940 - the museum-estate of P. I. Tchaikovsky was opened.
Encyclopedia of Tourism Cyril and Methodius. 2008 .
Synonyms:
See what "Udmurtia" is in other dictionaries:
Udmurtia. Folklore Ensemble. UDMURTIA (Udmurt Republic), in Russia. The area is 42.1 thousand km2. Population 1637 thousand people, urban 70%; Udmurts (30.9%), Russians (58.9%), Tatars, etc. The capital is Izhevsk. 25 districts, 6 cities, 12 villages ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Udmurtia. Udmurtia, the Republic of Udmurtia, is located in the western part of the Middle Urals, between the river. Kama and Vyatka. Included in the Ural economic region. The area is 42.1 thousand km2. Population 1639.1 thousand people (1996). The capital is Izhevsk. Other… … Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
UDMURTIA, the Republic of Udmurtia, a subject of the Russian Federation; located in the western part of the Middle Urals, between the rivers Kama and Vyatka. Included in the Ural economic region. Pl. 42.1 thousand km2. Population 1636.0 thousand people (1998). The capital city of Izhevsk. ... ... Russian history
- (Udmurt Republic) in the Russian Federation. 42.1 thousand km². Population 1643 thousand people (1993), urban 70%; Udmurts (496.5 thousand people; 1989, census), Russians, Tatars, etc. 25 districts, 6 cities, 12 urban-type settlements (1993). ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Exist., number of synonyms: 1 republic (21) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
The word "Udmurtia" has other meanings: see Udmurtia (meanings). Coordinates: 57°17′ s. sh. 52°45′ E / 57.283333° N sh. 52.75° E etc. ... Wikipedia
- (Udmurt Republic), in the Russian Federation. 42.1 thousand km2. Population 1636.0 thousand people (1998), urban 69.5%; Udmurts (30.9%), Russians (58.9%), Tatars (6.9%) and others. 25 districts, 6 cities, 10 urban-type settlements. The capital is Izhevsk. ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Sp Udmùrtija Ap Udmurtia/Udmurtiya L RF respublika … Pasaulio vietovardziai. Internetinė duomenų bazė
In the Constitution of the Udmurt Republic, the terms "Udmurt Republic" and "Udmurtia" are equivalent, which is a violation of the Constitution of Russia.
Popular names "Republic of Udmurtia", "Udmurtia", "Spring Land", "UR".
borders- in the west and north with the Kirov region, in the east - with the Perm Territory, in the south - with Bashkortostan and Tatarstan.
how public education, Udmurtia arose after the October Revolution. On November 4, 1920, V. I. Lenin signed a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on the formation of a number of new autonomous regions, which, in particular, stated:
Geographic data
The republic is located in the western part of the Middle Urals, in the basins of the Kama and Vyatka rivers. The territory consists of a number of uplands and lowlands. highest point- 332 meters, located in the north-east of the republic on the Verkhnekamsk Upland. The most low point Republic - 51 meters, in the southwestern part, almost on the border with the Republic of Tatarstan, in the floodplain of the Vyatka River.
Climate
The Udmurt Republic is located in the inland climate zone, which is characterized by hot summers and cold, snowy winters.
Average annual temperature on the territory of the republic varies from 1.0 to 2.5 °C. Most warm month year - July (+17.5-19 ° C), the coldest - January (-14-15 ° C). Maximum temperatures reach +37-38 °C. The absolute minimum was recorded on December 31, 1978, when the temperature dropped below -50 °C. The period with an average daily temperature below 0 °C lasts 160-175 days, starting at the end of October and ending at the beginning of April.
The average annual rainfall is 500-600 mm. During the warm period (above 0 °C), 65-75% of the annual precipitation falls. The maximum precipitation occurs in July (62-74 mm), the minimum - in February (24-32 mm). Most of all, the north-eastern part of the republic is moistened with precipitation, the south-western part is least of all.
A stable snow cover is formed in early to mid-November, at the latest - in early December. Its maximum height reaches in mid-March, on average - 50-60 cm. The average duration of snow cover is 160-175 days.
Minerals
Oil
The main resource of the subsoil of the republic is oil. Explored commercial oil reserves are approximately 300 million tons, with an annual production of 10 million tons. In total, the state balance includes 114 oil fields, 72 of which are in development, and 32 are prepared for industrial development. The largest deposits are Chutyrsko-Kiongopskoye, Mishkinskoye, Gremikhinskoye, Elnikovskoye, Vyatskoye, Karsovayskoye.
The Udmurt Republic belongs to the Volga-Ural oil and gas province. Oil prospecting on its territory began in 1945, and the first oil fields appeared in 1969. Currently, all major fields have been developed for decades and are in the stage of declining production.
Peat
619 peat deposits have been identified and accounted for on the territory of the Udmurt Republic general stock 204.7 million tons. There are 4 main peat extraction zones:
- Cheptsy basin (Yarsky, Glazovsky, Balezinsky, Kezsky, Yukamensky, Debessky, Krasnogorsky, Igrinsky and Sharkansky districts), the largest deposit is Dzyakino;
- Kilmezi basin (Selty, Syumsinsky, Vavozhsky and Uvinsky districts), the largest deposits are Nyurdor-Kotya, Orlovskoye, Chibyashur;
- Kama lowland (Zavyalovsky, Votkinsky, Sarapulsky, Kiyasovsky, Kambarsky, Karakulinsky districts);
- The southwestern flat part of the Udmurt Republic, the largest field is Karambay-Pychasskoye.
Coal
Brown and bituminous coals. The main coal-bearing regions are Kazakovsky (in the Alnash region) and Kambarsky, whose coal-bearing seams occur at a depth of 1000-1500 m. The largest deposit- Golyushurminskoye
Solid non-metallic PI
In the bowels of the republic there are also industrial reserves of limestone, dolomites, building sand and crushed stone, clay for the production of bricks, building stone, sand and gravel mixture. At the beginning of 2009, the territorial balance of non-metallic mineral reserves of the Udmurt Republic takes into account 369 deposits and 87 manifestations of minerals, including 433 sites - building materials.
Hydrography
Cheptsa River near Glazov
The territory of Udmurtia belongs to the Kama basin and has a dense, well-developed river network. Total length of all rivers of the republic is approximately 30 thousand km.
Both the largest rivers of the Udmurt Republic - Kama and Vyatka - have their sources in the north of the republic, but after a few kilometers they leave its territory. After passing hundreds of kilometers, both rivers return to Udmurtia - in the southeast and southwest, respectively.
Most of the rivers of the Udmurt Republic are up to 10 km long. - their number exceeds 7000. The number of small rivers (from 10 to 100 km long) is 368, and medium (from 100 to 500 km) and large (more than 500 km) - 17. The largest rivers:
| river name | Length (km) | Basin area (km²) | mouth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kama | 2032 | 522000 | Volga |
| Vyatka | 1370 | 129000 | Kama |
| Cap | 501 | 20400 | Vyatka |
| kilmez | 270 | 17240 | Vyatka |
| Izh | 270 | 8510 | Kama |
| Siwa | 206 | 4870 | Kama |
| Vala | 196 | 7360 | kilmez |
The rivers of the Udmurt Republic are dominated by snow feeding. The average freeze-up time is mid-late November, opening time is mid-late April. The high water begins approximately in the middle of April and lasts from 1 month (small rivers) to 40-45 days ( major rivers). Of the rivers, only the Kama and Vyatka are navigable.
There are more than 600 ponds on the territory of the republic, of which the largest are Izhevsky, Votkinsky, Kambarsky and Pudemsky. From the southeast and south, Udmurtia is washed by the Votkinsk and Nizhnekamsk reservoirs, formed on the Kama River as a result of the construction of hydroelectric dams.
Groundwater sources play an important role a large number which the Udmurt Republic received the unofficial name "Spring Territory". More than 60 million m³ is extracted annually from them for household, drinking, technical and agricultural needs.
Many underground water sources of the Udmurt Republic have mineral qualities and are used in medical institutions and bottled. The most significant mineral springs are Varzi-Yatchinsky (sulfate-calcium waters), Novo-Izhevsky, Kiznersky and Uvinsky (iodine-bromine waters).
Protection of Nature
On the territory of the Udmurt Republic created and operate:
- National Park "Nechkinsky", located on the coast of the Kama River;
- Natural Park "Sharkan" (Sharkansky district);
- Natural Park "Ust-Belsk" (Karakulinsky district);
- State natural reserve "Kokmansky";
- State natural botanical reserve "Andreevsky pine forest",
and some other reserves and specially protected natural areas and natural monuments.
Timezone
The Udmurt Republic is located in the MSK - Moscow time zone, in which the time differs by +3 hours from UTC (UTC+3) in winter and +4 hours from UTC (MSD = UTC+4) in summer. Prime Minister of Russia V.V. Putin signed the Decree of the Government No. 166 dated March 17, 2010 “On the use of the time of the second time zone in the territory of the Udmurt Republic”. Thus, since March 28, 2010, the Udmurt Republic has been living according to Moscow time. For this, the inhabitants of the republic did not switch their clocks to summer time.
Population
By 2009, the population was - &&&&&&&&01528500.&&&&&0 1,528,500 people (according to the 2002 census - 1,570,316). Population density - 36.3 people / km², specific gravity urban population - 67.8%.
National composition
Representatives of more than a hundred nationalities live in the republic. The border regions are characterized by a patchwork of Udmurt and Russian villages, in the south they are added - Mari and Chuvash, in the region of the Cheptsa River - Tatar (Chepetsk Tatars). In the north of the republic live compactly - Besermen. Most representatives of other peoples live mainly in cities.
Dynamics of change national composition population of the Udmurt Republic:
| People | , % | , % | , % | , % | , % | , % | , % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russians | 43,3 | 55,7 | 56,8 | 57,1 | 58,3 | 58,9 | 60,1 |
| Udmurts | 52,3 | 39,4 | 35,9 | 34,2 | 32,1 | 30,9 | 29,3 |
| Tatars | 2,8 | 3,3 | 5,3 | 6,1 | 6,6 | 6,9 | 6,9 |
Notes on the table:
- From 1939 to 1939, several regions with a prosperous Russian population were additionally transferred to the Udmurt ASSR, as a result, the percentage of Udmurts in subsequent censuses decreased.
- For the 1926 census, the percentage of Udmurts (Votiaks) is indicated without taking into account the Besermyans, who were counted as a separate nation.
- For the census and 2002, the percentage of Tatars is indicated without taking into account the Kryashens, who were counted as a separate nation
Settlements
In total for 2008 in the Udmurt Republic - 6 cities (including 5 of republican subordination), 5 urban-type settlements and 2119 rural settlements.
| Settlements with more than 5 thousand inhabitants as of January 1, 2009 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Izhevsk | ▼ 611.0 | Yar | ▼ 6.9 |
| Sarapul | ▲ 98.8 | Yakshur-Bodya | 6,9 (2003) |
| Glazov | ▼ 97.1 | Small Blizzard | 6,9 (2003) |
| Votkinsk | ▼ 96.9 | Sharkan | 6,6 (2003) |
| Mozhga | ▲49.7 | Alnashi | 6,3 (2003) |
| A game | ▲ 22.3 | Sigaevo | 5,8 (2003) |
| Uva | ▼ 19.9 | Debosy | 5,8 (2003) |
| Balezino | ▼ 16.0 | New | ▲ 5.8 |
| Kambarka | ▼ 12.3 | sumsi | 5,6 (2003) |
| Kez | 10,7 (2008) | Vavozh | 5,6 (2003) |
| Kizner | 9,1 (2008) | Celts | 5,6 (2003) |
| Zavyalovo | 7,5 (2003) | Karakulino | 5,1 (2003) |
Administrative-territorial division
The administrative-territorial division of the Udmurt Republic is determined by the constitution of the Udmurt Republic.
In total, there are currently 5 cities of republican subordination and 25 municipal districts in the Udmurt Republic.
Administrative regions
| № | Name district |
Administrative Centre |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alnashsky | Alnashi village |
| 2 | Balezinsky | Balezino village |
| 3 | Vavozhsky | Vavozh village |
| 4 | Votkinsky | city of Votkinsk |
| 5 | Glazovsky | city of Glazov |
| 6 | Grakhovsky | Grahovo village |
| 7 | Debossky | Debyosy village |
| 8 | Zavyalovsky | Zavyalovo village |
| 9 | Igrynskiy | village Game |
| 10 | Kambarsky | city of Kambarka |
| 11 | Karakulinsky | Karakulino village |
| 12 | Kezskiy | Kez village |
| 13 | Kiznersky | Kizner village |
| 14 | Kiyasovsky | the village of Kiyasovo |
| 15 | Krasnogorsk | Krasnogorskoye village |
| 16 | Malopurginsky | Malaya Purga village |
| 17 | Mozhginsky | city of Mozhga |
| 18 | Sarapulsky | Sigaevo village |
| 19 | Celtinsky | Selty village |
| 20 | Syumsinsky | Syumsi village |
| 21 | Uvinsky | Uva village |
| 22 | Sharkansky | Sharkan village |
| 23 | Yukamensky | Yukamenskoye village |
| 24 | Yakshur-Bodyinsky | Yakshur-Bodya village |
| 25 | Yarsky | Yar settlement |
Economy
The Udmurt Republic is a republic with a developed industry and diversified agricultural production. The republic has the highest concentration of defense enterprises in Russia. The republic has rich oil reserves, 10.2 million tons were produced in 2006, but there is no oil refining industry.
Industry
The main industries are mechanical engineering, metalworking, ferrous metallurgy and woodworking. The energy industry is represented by a complex of thermal power plants in Izhevsk, Sarapul, Votkinsk and Glazov, the largest of which is Izhevsk CHPP-2. Metallurgical production is concentrated in Izhevsk, foundry production - in Izhevsk and Votkinsk. The production of cars and vans(Closed), paper machines, motorcycles(Closed), bearings(Closed), oilfield equipment, hunting and sporting guns, chemical equipment(Closed) stand out. Logging is carried out in northern and western regions Republic, wood is produced in the form of lumber, furniture and house-building structures are produced. A significant number of enterprises in the republic are associated with the military-industrial complex of Russia.
Agriculture
Agricultural lands occupy up to 50% of the territory of the republic. Cattle and pigs predominate in animal husbandry, sheep and poultry are bred. Rye, wheat, buckwheat, barley, oats, millet, peas, corn, sunflower, flax, rapeseed, potatoes, vegetables, fodder crops are grown.
Transport
Automotive
Several highways federal significance: R242 , , , R322 .
Air
Education
Since April 1, 2010, the Udmurt Republic has been participating in an experiment on teaching the course "
Udmurtia is like Kazantip. Also a republic, also in part of Russia,
and only strange people aspire to get there, too.
One very funny person
According to some narrow-minded people, Udmurtia is something distant and dense, where shamans live, and every evening people bring gifts to the god of rain on the sacrificial altar. It wasn't there. Udmurtia is not as far from Moscow as many might think. The capital of the republic, Izhevsk, is only 1200 km from the Mother See. In the evening I boarded the train, and in the morning you are already in Moscow.
The first permanent settlements on the territory of modern Udmurtia appeared 8-6 thousand years before our era. Thanks to excavations, the archaeologist managed to find out that several cultures associated with modern Udmurts existed at this place - Chepetsk, Pomskaya, Ananyinskaya and Pyanoborskaya (it seems that the Pyanoborskaya culture is still strong on the territory of Russia). At the turn of the 1st-2nd millennium AD, the Slavs called the Udmurts Votyaks or Otyaks (those who did not pronounce the letter “v” called them that).
Izhevsk. Photo by Borisych (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/kab-ts/)
The northern Udmurts were the first to enter Russia, the southerners were still part of the Kazan Khanate, but Ivan the Terrible in one fell swoop annexed everyone to his kingdom. Mass baptism of the Udmurts into Christianity began 2 centuries after the accession. Only in 1731 was a commission of newly baptized cases established, which operated on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan diocese, and massively converted the Udmurts to Orthodoxy.
Baptism had a negative impact on the people of Udmurtia. In 1774-1775, the Udmurts supported Emelyan Pugachev during peasant war. Further, until the beginning of the twentieth century, nothing interesting happened in the life of Udmurtia. Unless they founded the arms production (the very thing that gave the world the famous Kalashnikov assault rifle), but laid in 1899 railway. In 1920, Lenin granted autonomy to the Udmurts. True, at first the territory was called Votskaya autonomous region(from English What). In 1932, the hands of the Bolsheviks reached Udmurtia, and they renamed it again. This time to the Udmurt Autonomous Region.
The impetus for the industrial development of Udmurtia, regrettably, was given by the Great Patriotic War. More than 40 enterprises were evacuated here. The famous Izhavto plant was built after the war, during the economic boom. In those years, new production facilities were opened everywhere in the country, and the Stakhanovites gave out five times the norm per day.
The automobile plant in Izhevsk was built with the help of French specialists from Renault. The first car that rolled off the IzhAvto assembly line was the famous Izh-Combi, the first Soviet hatchback. Usually, the products of domestic car factories are not even famous. bad quality assembly, but by the fact that it becomes morally obsolete even before the designers come up with it. Unfortunately, IzhAvto is no exception. Now Russified foreign cars are being produced at the plant's facilities: KiaSorento, Huyndai Elantra, Huyndai Sonata and others.
IzhAvto. Photo by yan-gorev (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/yan-gorev/)
Geographically e position
Udmurtia is located on the territory of the East European Plain, in the basins of the Kama and Vyatka rivers. From west to east, the region stretches for 180 kilometers, and from north to south - for 270. Udmurtia is part of the Volga Federal District. In the north and west, the republic borders on the Kirov region. In the east, the neighbor is Perm region, and in the south - Tatarstan and Bashkortostan.
Population
As many as 100 nationalities live in small Udmurtia. The majority of the republic's population is Russian. Their 62%. Udmurts themselves are only 28%, Tatars - 7%. For the remaining 3% of total number inhabitants account for 97 nations. In total, 1,517,050 inhabitants live in the region, of which 65% are city dwellers. Average density population - 36.07 people/km2. There are few conflicts on interethnic grounds, since there are many Russians and the Udmurts do not want to argue with them. In general, outwardly, few people can distinguish an Udmurt from a Russian.
The cultural level of the inhabitants of Udmurtia, unfortunately, leaves much to be desired. The republic is impoverished, about 20% of the local population is below the poverty line, and in such a situation it does not feel like talking about Shakespeare at all. The outskirts of Izhevsk, as well as all sorts of small settlements, are teeming with dubious personalities. It is better not to walk alone here along the dark streets. Girls in the evenings are also not safe. There is even such a joke: “The Miss Udmurtia contest ended in failure. Wolves came to the smell of females.
Izhevsk crocodile. Photo by borisbusorgin (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/borisbusorgin/)
Crime
Udmurtia criminal region. It was like this in the 1990s, and it still is. Due to the poverty of the inhabitants, domestic crimes and the usual gop-stop prevail. There are many drug addicts and drug dealers in the republic. Through Izhevsk, for example, passes part of the drug traffic in western regions countries. Drugs are mainly traded by Asians and visitors. Local bandits, who have become respectable people, are engaged in the collapse of enterprises.
Unemployment rate
Udmurt industry is experiencing better times. There are few jobs in factories. Some businesses have even switched to a three or four day work day to avoid paying people money for downtime.
If in production it is very difficult to find a good position with a good salary, then in the trade of offers a dime a dozen, however, most of them are designed for low-skilled labor. The average salary in the region is about 20 thousand rubles, but even that is not easy to earn. Most Udmurt employers pay wages employees in envelopes.
Real estate value
Compared to neighboring regions, real estate in Udmurtia is inexpensive. Prices for one-room apartments in Izhevsk start from one and a half million rubles. More or less decent living space can be taken for 1800 thousand rubles. In regional centers, for example, Sarapul, the cost of housing starts from a million rubles. For 500 thousand there you can buy a hotel in a residential condition.
Climate
Due to the remoteness of the seas, the climate in Udmurtia is severe. The region is characterized by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. The average annual temperature fluctuates around 1 °C. The absolute minimum registered on the territory of the Udmurt Republic is −50 °C. It was recorded in 1978. Negative temperatures in the region begin in late October and end in early April. Snow lies for almost five months.
Udmurt landscape. Photo by shandi (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/shandi/)
Cities of Udmurtia
Capital of Udmurtia. About 700 thousand people live here. The city does not stand out in the Russian open spaces. Previously, the chimneys of factories smoked here, now the situation is not so rosy, but nevertheless, people manage to survive. About 20% of the inhabitants of Izhevsk are below the poverty line.
Industrial city. City-forming enterprise is OJSC "Chepetsk Mechanical Plant", which, among other things, is engaged in the processing of uranium and zirconium. The ecology of Glazov leaves much to be desired. Young people are trying to leave here. Basically, children go to study at universities and never come back.
The administrative center of the Votkinsk region, which is part of the Udmurt Republic. The city-forming enterprise of Votkinsk is OAO Votkinsky Zavod. Votkinsk is very similar to Glazov, the problem of ecology is not so acute here, but it is also boring.
typical small Russian city. Sarapul exists thanks to JSC "Sarapulsky Electricity Generator Plant" and JSC "Sarapulsky Radio Plant". The people here do not live in poverty, but they do not look like cheese in butter either. About a hundred thousand people live in Sarapul.
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