Endings e and in nouns. Spelling of case endings of nouns

Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation. Complete academic reference book Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

Unstressed vowels in case endings

Section 67. In accordance with the general rule (see § 33), the spelling of letters in the place of unstressed vowels in endings is determined by checking the forms of words with the same ending (of the same type of declension) in which the vowel under test is stressed, for example:

about? zero, knee? but, after? le, canvas? (window?, chisel?, face?, gun),

cup? shi, ko? neither (tables?, kicks);

book? ge, about book? ge (hand?, about hand?);

stool, lake, stone (table?, window?, stump);

to? Mom, Po? Lem, Hundred? (table? m, window? m, knife? m, edge);

about the teacher? the body, about the hundred? mug, about the dress, in the field (about a horse?, about a knife?, about underwear?, in a window?);

but? chi, horses, joy (indirect cases units hours; cf. love?, wilderness?);

readers, joys (teacher? th, horse? th);

servants, nem? (cities?m, teachers?m, seas?m);

red, blue, red (young? first, big? and mine?, most?);

si?him (big?m);

one? 11 (five?, twenty?);

ninety (hundred?);

nine hundred(indirect cases; cf. a hundred?).

Note. Letter and written at the end of forms tv. n. pl. h. nouns and adjectives and tv. n. numerals - in endings ?ami (?yami), ?s (?them): tables, sisters, nights; big, strong; three hundred etc. The final vowel of these endings, always unstressed, can be verified by comparison with the stressed ending tv. n. pl. ?mi in forms children?, people? and in form options doors?, daughters?, horses?(cf. doors? mi, daughters? mi, horse? mi).

§ 68. In the form of p. units h. husband the kind of adjectives (as well as all other words inflected as adjectives) without stress, the ending is written ?th(after soft paired consonants and hissing - ?y), although the stressed ending is ?oh.

Wed, for example: angry, young, big, but full, vigorous, blue, strong, good, fresh; cf. options such as portable and figuratively, delusional and delusional; cf. large and larger, marine and seaside, river and dawn.

Section 69. The following endings contain vowels that are not checked by stress position.

The final vowel of the endings is always unstressed. n. adjectives wives. kind ?and I (?ya): red, big, blue; environments, kind ?oh (?her): red, big, blue; pl. numbers ?s (?ie): red, big, blue.

Nouns in ?anine (?yanin), as well as the words barin, boyar, gypsy in them. n. pl. hours have an unstressed ending ?e: peasants, townspeople, citizens, Romans, Armenians, boyars, bare(along with the option bars), gypsies(but cf. form gypsies at Pushkin).

In them. and wine. n. numerals are written endings: ?and in the word two hundred; ?a in the words three hundred and four hundred; ?about (?e) in collective numbers, for example: four, six, two, three. At the end of TV n. numeral three letter is written e: three.

Section 70. Nouns with some suffixes have peculiarities in writing unstressed endings.

Nouns with an augmentative suffix ?search- husband. or avg. genders end in them. p. units hours on ?e, for example: house, she-wolf, cat, letter, omen. Nouns for women genders with the same suffix end in them. p. units hours on ?a, for example: cows, hands, dirt. Words on ?more husband. kind in them. n. pl. hours end in ? and: wolves, houses, eyes.

Note. Words Wednesdays, kinda on ?more- both with magnifying and with other meanings - they have in them. n. pl. h. ending ?a: letters, shoulders. Wed conflagration, ax(masculine gender) - magnifying to fire, ax- them. n. pl. h. conflagrators, axes; but conflagration(environment, gender) ‘place where there was a fire’, ax handle(environment, gender) ‘axe handle’ - conflagration, ax. Words with an augmentative suffix ?search- having only plural forms. hours, in them. n. - the same ending as in them. n. generating word, for example: money is money, gates are gates.

Nouns with suffix ?ishk- end in them. p. units hours on ?a or ?about: in the words of husband. kind of animated and in the words of women. kind - ending ?a, in the words of the husband. kind of inanimate and in words environments, kind - ending ?about. Wed, for example: brother, boy, little man, cat, servant, little thought and little house, small town, small factory, coat, little dress, milky. The same endings have nouns with an affectionate (unstressed) suffix ?ear- (?yushk-): cf., e.g., uncle, father-in-law, neighbor, nightingale, widow, nanny, wolf and bread, chadushko, polyushko, goryushko.

In words of environments, gender with a suffix ?yshk- in them. p. units h - ending ?about, for example: feather, neck; in the word female. kind pancake- the ending ?a.

In nouns with a suffix ?l- in them. p. units h - ending ?a or ?about: common nouns or husband. genus - names of persons ending in ?a, inanimate nouns of environments, gender - on ?about. Wed, for example: sang, turned on, crammed, thug, bouncer, cheated, molested and blew, whetstone, measure, wandered, scarecrow.

Note. In proper names like Gavrila, Danila, Kirila, Mikhaila, Samoila the ending is written ?a. But cf. traditional spelling Mikhailo Lomonosov, as well as deprecated spellings like Gavrilo, Danilo preserved in some texts writers of the 19th in.

§ 71. Case forms nouns on? y, ? ie, ? ia.

1. Nouns with a non-monosyllabic stem masculine. and environments, sort of on ?y and ?ie in the preposition n. and wives. sort of on ?and I in dates and suggestion. p. units hours are in an unstressed position, in derogation from general rule, the ending ?and, but not ?e, for example: genius - about genius, sodium - about sodium, radium - about radium, Vasily - about Vasily, Yuri - about Yuri, department - in department, return - upon return, assistance - with assistance; army - to the army, about the army; line - along the line, on the line; station - to the station, at the station; Bulgaria - in Bulgaria, in Bulgaria; Mary - to Mary, oh Mary.

If there are options for ?ie and ?ye, ?ye and ?ya the specified case forms have different endings mi - ?e: compare, e.g., variant pairs like about skill - about skill, in flowering - in flowering, about verbosity - about verbosity, about Natalia - about Natalya, to Mary - to Marya.

Note. In artistic, especially poetic, speech, it is allowed to write preposition forms. n. nouns environments, gender on ?e(usually with the preposition in) with the ending ?and, for example: In silence, you walked alone with a great thought(P.); There is a feat in the battle, / There is a feat in the struggle. / The highest feat is in patience, / In love and prayer(Hom.); And the snow competed in zeal / With twilight death(B. Past.); "Enchanted"(title of the poem by I. Severyanin); Birds are crying in the skies, / The heart is beating in the hypochondria(V. Valley). Under stress, the end of the preposition. P. ?and only one word per ?ye: oblivion - in oblivion?.

2. A few nouns in ?uy, ?yi with a monosyllabic stem in the indicated cases in an unstressed position, as a general rule, the ending ?e. List of such words: serpent - oh serpent, cue - oh ki?(option: about which?), cue(legendary founder of Kyiv) - about Kya, whose(plant) - about chie, "Viy" - in "Bue", Pius - about Pius, under Pope Pius; hriya(term of rhetoric) - by hrie, o hrie; Biya(river) - along Biya, on Biya; Oia, Leah, Via (female names) - to Ie, about Leah, about Vie; Gia (man's name) - to Gia, oh Gia.

Note to paragraphs. 1 and 2. Few nouns have ?ie, ?ie having an accent on the ending, the indicated case forms end in and on either e , for example: judge? - to the judge?, about the judge?, lithium? - in lithium?, litany? - in litany?, being? - about life?, life? - about life?, in life?, but: point - on the point ?, about the point ?, Ziya ?, Aliya ?, Zulfiya?(personal names) - about Ziya?, about Aliya?, to Zulfiya?, Kyzyl-Kiya?(city) - in Kyzyl-Kiya?.

§ 72. Stable combinations of prepositions in, on, by with nouns on ?ie in the preposition items that are close in their role in the sentence to prepositions end (according to the rule of § 71, item 1) with ?ii. Are written: in a relationship somebody, something in anticipation something, ahead of something, accompanied somebody, something according with something, in agreement with somebody, compared or in comparison with somebody. ('compared'; but: does not compare); based something, for something; after the lapse of something The adverb is also spelled subsequently.

They must be distinguished from stable combinations of prepositions in (in) and on the with nouns on ?ie in wine items that have become prepositions or close to prepositions; these combinations end in ?ie. Are written: Finally something (and Finally‘at the end, ending’), in conclusion something, in violation something, in contrast from somebody, in continuation something, during something, to avoid something, into change something, pursuant to something and (merged) due to something, like something

Combinations close to prepositions differ in spelling in the absence of someone (‘in the absence of’) and in the presence someone

Similar stable combinations with a letter e at the end (including the form of win. p.) should be distinguished (in meaning) from free combinations with prepositions. n. Wed, for example: in continuation, but: notice an error in the continuation of the story; Finally, but: find a contradiction in the conclusion of the commission; in the absence of, but: see crime in the absence of a student at a lecture.

§ 73. Russian (and Russian-styled) surnames on ?in (?un) and on ?ov (?ev) are on TV. p. units h. ending ?th(as with adjectives), e.g.: Prishvin - Prishvin, Lisitsyn - Lisitsyn, Orlov - Orlov, Turgenev - Turgenev, Gazzaev - Gazzaev. Wed under stress: Borodin - from Borodina?.

Note. In foreign surnames ?in and ?ov in tv. p. units h. the ending is written ?om(as with masculine nouns), e.g.: Darwin - Darwin, (Charlie) Chaplin - Chaplin, Gershwin - Gershwin, Virchow - Virchow.

City names for ?ov (?ev) and ?in have on TV. n. ending ?om, for example: the city of Lviv - the city of Lviv, Saratov - Saratov, Kanev - Kanev, Mogilev - Mogilev, Kamyshin - Kamyshin. Wed under stress: Tulchi?n - near Tulchino?m. Thus, surnames and names of cities have different endings tv. P.: Pushkin(surname) - Pushkin and Pushkin(city) - Pushkin; Alexandrov(surname) - Alexandrov and Alexandrov(city) - Alexandrov.

In titles settlements and territories on ?ovo (?evo) and ?ino (?no) in TV forms. n. is also written ?om, for example: Kryukovo - near Kryukov, Odintsovo - Odintsovo, Golitsino - Golitsyn, the village of Maryino - the village of Maryin, Kosovo - Kosovo. Wed under stress: Borodino? - near Borodino? M, Strogino? - Strogino?.

From the book 100 great writers author Ivanov Gennady Viktorovich

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 1. Checked unstressed vowels Unstressed vowels of the root are checked by stress, that is, the same vowel is written in the unstressed syllable as in the corresponding stressed syllable of the same-root word, for example: try on (measure) a suit - reconcile (peace) neighbors; fluttering

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, literary editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 2. Unchecked unstressed vowels The spelling of unstressed vowels that cannot be checked by stress is determined by spelling dictionary, for example: badminton, concrete, twine, can, bodyaga, bryolin, validol, cheesecake, ventilation, vestibule, ham,

From the book Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation. Complete Academic Handbook author Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

VI. Vowels after hissing and c in suffixes and endings § 35. Vowels o and e after hissing 1. After hissing under stress, o is written in accordance with the pronunciation: a) in the endings of nouns, for example: dugout, turn (turn), listage, displacement, footage,

From the author's book

§ 1. Checked unstressed vowels Unstressed vowels of the root are checked by stress, i.e. the same vowel is written in the unstressed syllable as in the corresponding stressed syllable of the same-root word, for example: forests (forest), fox (whether? sy), try on (me ?rit) costume - reconcile (peace)

From the author's book

§ 2. Unchecked unstressed vowels The spelling of unstressed vowels that cannot be checked by stress is determined by the spelling dictionary, for example: badminton, concrete, twine, can, bodyaga, grease, validol, cheesecake, ventilation, vestibule, ham,

From the author's book

§ 3. Alternating vowels Alternating a and o1. At the root gar- - city- under stress is written a, without stress - o; zaga?r, uga?r - tanned? ly, eel? Th. Exceptions: you? garki, and? zagar, pri? gar (special and dialect words) .2. At the root of zar- - zor- a vowel is written under stress in

From the author's book

VI. Vowels after hissing and c IN SUFFIXES AND ENDINGS § 34. Vowels o and e after hissing 1. After hissing under stress, o is written, in accordance with the pronunciation: a) in the endings of nouns, for example: dugout, turn (turn), listage, displacement, footage,

From the author's book

§ 35. Vowels after c 1. After c in endings and suffixes under stress, it is written about, without stress e. For example: end? m - finger, merchant? in - merchants, coat? - dress, beret? out - calico? tsevy, ring? howl - ring? After c in endings and suffixes, s is written (in

From the author's book

Unstressed vowels in roots § 34. In accordance with the general rule (see § 33), the spelling of letters in the place of unstressed vowels in roots is established by checking words and forms with the same root in which the vowel being checked is stressed, for example: water? (cf. water,

From the author's book

Unstressed vowels in prefixes § 38. In accordance with the general rule (see § 33), the spelling of letters in place of unstressed vowels in prefixes (except for the prefix raz- / rose-, see § 40) is established by checking words and forms with the same prefix , in which the checked vowel

From the author's book

Unstressed vowels in suffixes § 42. In accordance with the general rule (see § 33), the spelling of letters in the place of unstressed vowels in suffixes is established by checking words and forms with the same suffix in which the vowel under test is stressed. Examples

From the author's book

Unstressed fluent vowels in roots and suffixes of nouns and adjectives Introductory remarks. Correct writing letters in place of an unstressed vowel in some cases are determined by the fluency of this vowel. A fluent vowel appears in many names

From the author's book

Unstressed connecting vowels § 65. When connecting the stems of two or more words into one compound word, as well as when forming compound words with constituent parts of an international character, a connecting vowel is used, transmitted in writing by the letters o and

From the author's book

Unstressed vowels in verb forms Vowels in verb endings§ 74. The spelling of unstressed vowels in verb endings is subject to the general rule (see § 33): unstressed endings are checked by the corresponding stressed ones. The application of this rule requires skill

From the author's book

Unstressed particles not and neither § 77. There are two particles different in meaning and use - not and neither. Wed occasions when they are stressed: He doesn't? was at school today. Whoever he is? was, you need to talk to him. But in most cases the particles are not and are not shockless and in

Nouns have three "erroneous" cases: genitive, dative, prepositional. This lesson will help you cope with difficulties in declension of nouns.

For nouns of the first declension in the genitive case, the letter I is written in the ending, and in other "erroneous" cases - dative and prepositional - the letter E.

For nouns of the second declension, only the prepositional case, in which the letter E is written, causes difficulties. For nouns of the third declension, the letter I is written in all “erroneously dangerous” cases.

To find out which vowel should be written in the unstressed ending of a noun, you must first determine which declension this noun belongs to, then find out in which case it is used, and remember which vowel is written in this “mistakenly dangerous” case.

2. Consolidate what we have learned

We reason like this:

Smile when you meet... Meeting- a noun of the first declension, used in the prepositional case, we write the letter E at the end.

Strive for the goal ... Goal- this is a noun of the third declension, in which the letter I is written in all "erroneously dangerous" cases.

When writing unstressed case endings nouns, you can use another way of checking. You can use "substitution" words with stressed endings in all "erroneous" cases. For nouns of the first declension, such a "substitution" word will be the word a fox.

We reason like this:

Write in notebook... Notebook- noun of the first declension. Without defining the case, we use the "substitution" word a fox. He wrote in a notebook - he wrote in a fox.

You and I remember that nouns ending in -IYA, -IE,

II ( army, essay, planetarium), in all “erroneously dangerous” cases, the rule of two letters I applies.

For nouns ending in -IYA, -IE, -IY, in the genitive, dative and prepositional cases, we write two letters And at the end (one letter And belongs to the stem, the second letter And refers to the ending).

We reason like this:

Approach Marie… Maria- a noun ending in -Я. In all "erroneous" cases it has two letters And at the end. Therefore we write approach Mary.

Visit the planetarium… Planetarium- a noun ending in -II. In "erroneous" cases, the rule of two letters I works in it. Therefore, we write visit the planetarium(two letters I at the end).

Bibliography

Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells - M.: Bustard, 2008.
Russian language. 6 cells / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.

Homework

Task number 1

Rewrite by opening parentheses. Determine the type of declension of nouns and their case. Graphically indicate the endings.

languish in (bondage), play on (piano), hear about (defeat), stand on (square), think about (exercise) (idea), travel on ( middle Asia), in a quiet (solitude), arrival (parliamentarian), walk along (path), play a role in (development) of the plot, calm down at (thought), shoot at (duel), come to (mother), visit (construction) , prepare for (revision), participate in (excursion).

Task number 2

Rewrite by putting the nouns (in brackets) in the appropriate case form. Indicate the case of nouns and indicate their endings.

1.Gavrila was seized by a wave (memories) of her (village), running down a steep mountain down to (river), hidden in (grove) (M. G.). 2. So he lived with (feeling) that he could call and come to (Lyubov Petrovna) (Sol.). 3. I am sitting in (half-forgetfulness): neither sleeping nor awake (Sweet). 4. The snow at the (foot) of the trees resembled lean sugar (Nag.). 5. I lived in (enchantment) (incomprehensibility) surrounding (Nag.). 6. In the fierce (singing) of the winds, the heart does not hear the right (consonance) (Sick). 7. And how many (deeds), (events), (fates), human (sadness) and (victories) fit into these ten (days) that turned into ten years! (Tward.). 8. Trunks (apple trees), (pears), (cherries) and plums are painted from worms in white paint (Ch.). 9. Heavy huge clouds (T.) were still crowding in (distance).

Noun endings. It is difficult to choose e / and in the endings of nouns genitive, dative and prepositional cases singular.

Remember: the edge - on the edge, oblivion - in oblivion.
Please note: in the prepositional case of words in -iya, -е, -й letter and, preceding the ending, “calls” for itself the ending -i, the preceding letters e or b - the ending -е: about
energy, constellation, happiness, but about the livery, the gallery, the solitude, fun, happiness.
Pay attention to the spelling of noun endings with suffixes -isch-, -ushk-/-yushk-, -yshk-/-ishk-, -l-: -isch-e - at noun. masculine and neuter: city - city-isch-e, crucian carp - carp-isch-e; swamp - swamp-seek-e, suburb - suburb-seek-e;
-seek-a - at noun. feminine: leg - knife-isch-a, head - head-isch-a;
-ushk-o (-ushk-o),
-ishk-o (-ishk-o) - for inanimate entities. masculine and neuter: bread - bread-ushk-o, house - house-ishk-o, grief - goryushk-o, wing - wing-yshk-o;
-ushk-a (-yushk-a),
-ishk-a (-yshk-a) - for all other nouns (animal noun m.r.; animate and inanimate noun. f.r.): brother - brother-ushk-a, uncle - uncle- yushk-a, student - student-ishk-a; girl - girl-ushk-a, will - ox-yushk-a, trifle - trifle-ishk-a;
-l-a - for nouns generic: imagine-l-a, refuel-l-a, bison-l-a, weirdo-l-a;
-l-o - for nouns of the middle gender with the meaning of the instrument of action: load-l-o, cover-l-o, shine-l-o, sharpen-l-o, chisel-l-o, urine-l-o.

Verb endings. In unstressed personal endings of verbs, the spelling of e / and depends on the conjugation of the verb:

conjugation - in the endings the letter e: shave - shave, shave, shave, shave; fight - fight, fight, fight, fight.
conjugation - in the endings the letter and: offend - offend, offend, offend, offend; pray - pray, pray, pray, pray.

Note:
1) on the conjugation of “mistakenly dangerous” verbs (verbs of the first conjugation; see their list in § 4, clause 5):
sow - sow, sow, sow, sow, sow; blow - blow, blow, blow, blow, blow; repent - repent, repent, repent, repent, repent; moldy - moldy, moldy, moldy, moldy, moldy;
lay, lay - lay, lay, lay, lay, lay;

intransitive verbs with the prefix debilitate / debilitate are verbs of I conjugation, transitive - II conjugation: weaken (trans.) - weaken, weaken, weaken, weaken, weaken; to weaken (non-perek.) - to weaken, to weaken, to weaken, to weaken.

Spelling of case endings of nouns

The spelling of the endings of nouns depends on what type of declension they belong to. Mistakes in choosing endings -e or - and usually occur not in all case forms, but only in the forms of three cases: genitive, dative and prepositional.

Nouns I declination(country, land, alley) in forms genitive have an ending -s(s), and in the forms of the dative and prepositional -e:

Genus. n. (whom? what?) countries of the earth alley

Date n. (to whom? why?) country-land alley

Suggestion n. (about whom? about what?) (about) country (about) land (about) alley

Nouns II declension in the form of the prepositional case have an ending -e: (in) a house, (on) a horse, (on) a window, (o) heat, (in) hoarfrost. There are usually no mistakes here.

Nouns III declension(steppe, night, silence) in the forms of the genitive, dative and prepositional cases have an ending -and:

Genus. n. (whom? what?) steppes of the night of silence

Date n. (to whom? why?) steppes of the night of silence

Suggestion n. (about whom? about what?) (o) steppes (o) nights (in) silence

Recommendation. To check spelling unstressed ending in a noun, just remember keyword with a stressed ending in the same form (according to morphological principle Russian spelling). For the I declension, this can be a word Earth, for II - window, for III - steppe.

Inflected nouns

Word way, as well as ten nouns in -me (banner, flame, tribe, stirrup, etc.) are inconsistent and in the forms of the genitive, dative and prepositional cases have the ending -and:

Genus. n. (whom? what?) the path of the banner of the flame

Date n. (to whom? what?) the path of the banner of the flame

Suggestion n. (about whom? about what?) (in) the way (on) the banner (in) the tribe

Case forms of nouns in -i, -i, -i

1. Nouns with a non-monosyllabic masculine and neuter stem in -th and -s in the feminine prepositional -and I in the dative and prepositional cases of the singular have an unstressed ending -and(but not -e as a general rule), for example:
genius - about genius, sodium - about sodium, radium - about radium, Vasily - about Vasily, Yuri - about Yuri;
department - in the department, return - upon return, assistance - with assistance;
army - to the army, about the army, line - along the line, on the line, station - to the station, at the station; Bulgaria - in Bulgaria, in Bulgaria; Mary - to Mary, about Mary.

Note. If there are options for -s and -e, -and I and -ya These case forms have different endings. Nouns on –ya and -e are inclined according to the general rule and have the ending in the dative and prepositional cases -e:
about skill - about skill, in flowering - in flowering, about verbosity - about verbosity, about Natalia - about Natalya, to Mary - to Marya.

2. Few nouns in -y, -yy with a monosyllabic stem in the indicated cases in an unstressed position, as a general rule, the ending -e: serpent - about the snake, cue - about cue, cue (the legendary founder of Kyiv) - about cue, whose (plant) - about cie, "Viy" - in "Bue", Pius - about Pius, under Pope Pius; Biya (river) - along the Biya, on the Biya; Oia, Leah, Via (female names) - to Ie, about Leah, about Bie; Gia (male name) - to Gia, about Gia. (§ 40 of the 1956 Code of Practice)

3. Few nouns have - ie, -and I having an accent on the ending, the indicated case forms end in - and on either - e, for example: judge - to judge, about judge, lithium - in lithium-, litany - in litany, being - about being, life - about life, in life, but: point - on the point, on the point, Aliya, Zulfiya (personal names) - about Aliya, to Zulfiya.

Vowels in some unstressed case endings

Nouns with suffix -search-, if they are masculine or neuter, they end in them. pad. units hours on -e , For example: house, camel, rod, swamp. If they are feminine, then they end in them. pad. units hours on -a , For example: cows, hands, dirt.

Nouns male with suffixes -yshk-, -yushk-, ishk-, yshk- , denoting animate objects, as well as all feminine nouns with the same suffixes, end in it. pad. units hours on -a , For example: grandfather, father, boy, old man, little man, nightingale, nanny, hand.

Masculine nouns denoting inanimate objects, as well as all neuter nouns, have in them. pad. units hours after these suffixes ending -about , For example: bread, dvorishko, feather, coat.

At the end of them. pad. units h. animate nouns masculine after suffixes -to- and -l- spelled a , For example: reveler, sang, tall, ate; vernacular are also written proper names type Gavrila, Kirila, Mikhaila(used along with Gabriel, Cyril, Michael).

The exception is the Old Russian and Ukrainian names and last names -ko , For example: Michalko, Shevchenko, as well as ancient and regional proper names in -lo , For example: Yarilo, Mikhailo Lomonosov.

In the genus pad. plural hours from nouns ending in singular hours for non-strike -ya and -e , is written -th , but from nouns ending in -ya and -e under stress, spelled -her , For example: naughty - naughty, gorge - gorges, but: bench - bench, gun - gun.

Declension of proper names

In surnames on -in (-yn) and on -ov(s) is written in creativity. pad. units h. th (according to the declension of adjectives), for example: Pavel Lisitsyn - Pavel Lisitsyn, Ivan Turgenev - Ivan Turgenev.

Note. In foreign surnames -in and -ov is written in creativity. pad. units h. -om (according to the declension of nouns), for example: Green - Green, Darwin - Darwin, Bülow - Bülow.

In the names of settlements on -in (-yn), -ov (-ev), -ino (-yno), -ovo (-evo) is written in creativity. pad. units h. -ohm , For example:

the city of Pskov - the city of Pskov
the city of Lviv - the city of Lviv
the city of Saratov - the city of Saratov
the city of Kanev - the city of Kanev
the city of Kalinin - the city of Kalinin
the city of Kirov - the city of Kirov
the village of Maryino - the village of Maryino
the village of Lisitsyno - the village of Lisitsyn
the village of Kryukovo - the village of Kryukov