The Ministry of Emergency Situations is akin to the army. So it would be appropriate to see which educational institutions from the Ministry of Emergency Situations the younger generation is in a hurry to enter.

From a recent conversation with the son of acquaintances, who entered the school of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, it turned out that the competition is still great and the school is in demand. His strongest impressions were medical commission(the boy had to urgently gain weight), about exams (physical education rules!), And about the first training camp in tents and barracks. Well, for the first month I couldn’t eat in any way, then it became easier))

So, what educational institutions does the Ministry of Emergency Situations have for future cadets - applicants?

So, higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

There are currently only 7 of them in the whole of Russia:

• Saint Petersburg University State fire service Russian Emergency Situations Ministry

Large university, which includes 3 institutes, 6 educational complexes, branches in Zheleznogorsk, in Vladivostok, and a branch in Murmansk.

• academy civil protection Ministry of Emergency Situations Russia

Located in Khimki, Moscow region. It is also a large educational institution of 2 institutes, 2 sports complexes, more than 2 dozen departments, etc.

• Academy of the State Fire Service Russian Emergency Situations Ministry

It consists of 3 institutes, 7 faculties, an educational and sports complex. The Academy is located in Moscow on Boris Galushkin Street.

Interestingly, not only military cadets can study here, but also paid department accept civilian youth.

Higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations on the map of Russia

As you can see, the universities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are mainly concentrated closer to the heart of the country, these are the Moscow region, St. Petersburg, Ivanovo, a little further Voronezh, and finally the most distant from the center - in the Urals and Siberia.

• Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy GPS EMERCOM of Russia

It is located 300 km from Moscow, in the city of Ivanovo. Founded in 1966, received the title of academy in 2015. Two main faculties (fire and technosphere safety), plus advanced training, a correspondence department and a faculty of paid services.

• Voronezh Institute of the State Fire Service

It is located in Voronezh on Krasnoznamennaya street. Reviews about the institute on the Internet are contradictory, someone really liked it, someone thinks that the reality of training is worse than in the army - 11 constructions a day, you can only be dismissed in uniform and without twos, etc. But this is not civil university but). The girls are learning too.

• Ural Institute of the State Fire Service Russian Emergency Situations Ministry

Ekaterinburg, Mira st., 22. The Institute is not that big, but includes 6 faculties, 5 laboratories, the Palace of Culture and 4 sports facilities.

• Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy

As mentioned earlier, this is a branch of the St. Petersburg Institute. Was founded in 2008. This is the only higher education institution of the Ministry of Emergency Situations that trains qualified specialists for Siberia.

Training is conducted in the specialties of fire, technosphere safety, jurisprudence, psychology of performance and forensic examination.

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Why, after the 11th grade, did the son of acquaintances not begin to enter their higher educational institution? Yes, because he was afraid, or rather, he was definitely sure that he would not do it. There are no acquaintances, the military in the family too .. so good USE and physical training will not help. So he decided, but there is no way to check it.

But I think you can do it "from the street".

Maybe you have real stories admission of your children or children of acquaintances to the university of the Ministry of Emergency Situations? Then share in the comments (at the bottom of the page) for those who would like to enter, but are afraid and consider it impossible.

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry Russian Federation for civil defence, emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (AGPS EMERCOM of Russia) is the country's leading university in the field of fire safety and protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made threats, in conducting research and educational activities.

general information

Academy of the State Fire Service EMERCOM of Russia (hereinafter - academy) provides training for specialists with higher and postgraduate professional education and carries out research activities in the field of fire safety and protection against natural and man-made threats in the areas of training:
At the Academy, which scientific activity, there are two dissertation councils with the right to award degrees candidates and doctors technical sciences. Currently, about 200 doctors and candidates of sciences work here. In addition, the university carries out licensing activities, certification of products (services), performs work and provides services in the field of fire safety under agreements (agreements, contracts) with legal and individuals RF and foreign countries. Being the base university of the Educational and Methodological Commission (EMC) in the specialty 330400 " Fire safety”, the Academy organizes the work of the CMD in universities implementing educational programs in this specialty. Prof.-teaching staff and scientific. Academy employees are involved in the development of fire protection equipment, technological installations and equipment, fire safety rules and regulations, as well as the assessment of fire and explosion hazardous properties of substances and materials.

Research work is traditionally carried out within the framework of scientific directions and schools, which include: *improving the problems of higher and secondary fire-technical education (Professor M. D. Bezborodko, Associate Professor M. V. Petukhova, Professor V. N. Lipsky, Professor V. I. Sluev, etc.);

Academy structure

Institutes

• Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training
• Institute of Correspondence and distance learning
• Development Institute

Faculties

• Faculty higher academy management
• Faculty of Fire Safety
• Faculty of technosphere safety
• Faculty of Training of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel
• Faculty of Leading Personnel
• Special faculty for the preparation of foreign citizens
• Faculty of Paid Educational Services

Scientific complexes

• Educational scientific complex organizing the activities of the State Fire Supervision
• Educational and scientific complex automated systems and information technology
• Educational and scientific complex of fire safety problems in construction
• educational and scientific complex of civil protection
• educational and scientific complex of combustion processes and environmental safety
• Scientific and educational complex of organizational and managerial problems of the State Fire Service

Chairs

• Department of Personnel and legal support activities of the State Border Service
• Department of Fire Tactics and Service
• Department of Fire Engineering
• Department of fire drill and gas and smoke protection training
• Department of Fire Automation
• Department of Fire Safety of Technological Processes
• Department of Special Electrical Engineering of Automated Systems and Communications
• Department of Engineering Thermal Physics and Hydraulics
• Department of Civil Protection
• Department of Population and Territories Protection
• department physical training and sports
• Department of Physics
• Department of Higher Mathematics
• Department of Mechanics and Engineering Graphics
• Department of General and Special Chemistry
• Department of History and Economic Theory
• Department of Philosophy
• Department of Foreign Languages
• Department of Russian language and culture of speech

Story

The history of the formation and formation of the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia as a basic scientific educational institution The system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and the Russian Federation began in the 30s of the last century in Leningrad. For National economy The RSFSR already in the first five-year plan required 650 firefighters of the highest and 3384 secondary qualifications. In order to prepare them, it was planned to open in the 1930/1931 academic year the Moscow, Ural, Leningrad (correspondence) fire technical schools and the Faculty for the training of fire engineers. It was planned to open the faculty at the existing higher technical educational institution of the Public Utilities and maintain it on the state budget, unlike other fire and technical educational institutions, which at that time were kept at the expense of the State Insurance.

The training of teachers of special disciplines for the opening fire-technical educational institutions was organized in the postgraduate study of the Research Institute of Public Utilities (NIIKH).

In 1932, the first set of graduate students from the fire department took place. Fire technicians P.M. Brown, S.V. Kalyaev and engineer V.A. Allison. Later they became famous teachers, authors teaching aids for students of fire technical schools and schools. Since 1931, fire technical schools began to open.

The training of engineers, specialists with higher education for the country's fire protection began in 1933 at the sanitary-technical faculty of the Leningrad Institute of Communal Construction Engineers (LIIKS).

On September 1, 1933, a fire department was created. This date is the Foundation Day of the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.

V.S. Bektashev was appointed head of the fire department at LIIKS.

In 1936, the Faculty of Fire Defense Engineers of the NKVD of the USSR was created 1933-1948. P. V. Yakobson was appointed head of the faculty. In subsequent years, this position was filled by: P.D. Peslyak (1937–1938), N.P. Efremov (1938–1941), N.F. Shadrin (1941). At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War FIPO students defended besieged Leningrad. Already on September 24, 1941, Nikolai Fedorovich Shadrin, head of the FIPO, read out to his subordinates the order of the Deputy People's Commissar of the NKVD of the USSR on the transfer of permanent and variable staff of the faculty to the formation of the 20th rifle division NKVD and UPO Leningrad. In fierce battles, about a third of the staff of the faculty was lost.

On March 26, 1942, the staff of the faculty in the amount of 110 students and 24 people of the command and teaching staff began to be evacuated to the city of Essentuki. On April 18, the Fipovites arrived at their destination. In connection with the German occupation of the city Mineral water and the danger of seizing Essentuki by the Nazis, classes were interrupted, and the faculty left the city. Baku became the evacuation point. They arrived in Baku on August 16. At the request of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Azerbaijan SSR and in accordance with the telegraph order of the deputy People's Commissar On August 28, the Faculty of Internal Affairs was transferred to the operational subordination of the UPO NKVD of the AzSSR. In accordance with the order of the All-Union Committee for Higher School Affairs under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated December 15, 1942 No. 305, FIPO resumed classes at the Azerbaijan industrial institute(AzII).

In total, from 1936 to 1948, FIPO made 10 issues. During this period, 286 trainees were trained as fire safety engineers, including 65 women. After completing their work in Baku, many teachers were transferred to Moscow to train fire defense specialists at the organized Higher Fire and Technical Courses (VPTK), the leaders of this period were L. M. Epshtein (1941–1943), G. G. Nikitin (1943–1948 ).

Higher fire-technical courses of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR 1948-1957 in different time headed by V. P. Verin (1948–1952), V. K. Brink (1952–1955), N. D. Ermilov (1955–1957).

Faculty of fire fighting and safety engineers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR 1957-1973.

In 1957, on the basis of the VPTK in Moscow, at the Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the Faculty of Fire Fighting and Safety Engineers was established. The faculty organized full-time and distance learning students, retraining and advanced training commanders fire department. The number of variable composition was established: 200 people per face-to-face education and 250 - in absentia. The term of study is 4 and 5 years, respectively. Graduates were awarded the qualification engineer of fire fighting equipment and safety. Accepted for training commanding staff VPO, graduated from fire-technical schools, having experience practical work at least three years.

The heads of the faculty at different times were V.I. Rumyantsev (1954–1960), N.A. Tarasov-Agalakov (1960–1964), F.V. Obukhov (1964–1965), G.F. Kozhushko (1965–1969).

In 1969 Anatoly Nikolaevich Smurov was appointed head of the faculty. Under him, the faculty developed into Higher Engineering Fire-Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (since 1991 RF) 1973-1996. Anatoly Nikolaevich led the VIPTSH until 1983.

From 1983 to 1994, Major General of the Internal Service Kudalenkin Vikenty Fomich, a representative of a new generation of fire department engineers, a student of Fipovtsy, a graduate of FIPTIB, a hereditary firefighter, Major General of the Internal Service, candidate of technical sciences, associate professor, was in charge of the VIPTSH. By the 90s. came out in high quality new level system of training specialists for fire protection.

In 1992, the school began training students at the faculty for training and advanced training of senior staff of the State Fire Service, which began to train highly qualified specialists to work in key leadership positions in the management of the apparatus and divisions of the State Fire Service. Graduates of the faculty received a second higher education in the specialty "Management in social and economic systems» with the qualification of the organizer of management in the system of ensuring fire safety and rescue operations.

In the same year, the VIPTSh began training specialists on the basis of general secondary education with a five-year term of study from among persons of military age.

Since 1993, VIPTS has also been training groups of students who have already graduated from various fire-technical schools of the country and received the specialty of fire technicians: fire specialists had the opportunity to receive higher engineering education.

From 1994 to 1996, VIPTSh was headed by Major General of the Internal Service Victor Afanasyevich Salyutin.

Moscow Institute of Fire Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 1996-1999. MIPB was headed by Major-General of Internal Service Kiryukhantsev Evgeny Efimovich, one of the leading and most experienced specialists in the field of fire safety.

By decision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, a concept was developed for creating the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the basis of the MIPB, which was implemented in 1999 by a decree of the Government of Russia.

Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of RUSSIA 1999-2002. From 2000 to 2005, the Academy was headed by Lieutenant-General of the Internal Service Meshalkin Evgeny Alexandrovich.

In 2002, in connection with the transfer of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters - EMERCOM of Russia, the Academy was renamed into Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.

In March 2005, the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia was headed by Colonel General of the Internal Service Teterin Ivan Mikhailovich, doctor of technical sciences, professor, full member (academician) of the World Academy of Sciences of Integrated Security.

The State Fire Service Academy is not only the largest educational, but also an authoritative scientific and methodological center. Educational-scientific and scientific-educational complexes work here, scientific events are held.

Scientists and specialists of the Academy annually prepare over 100 research papers, publish educational and methodical literature. These include modern textbooks, teaching aids, educational and reference materials, computer simulation programs, many of which received the stamp of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.

Over the years of its activity, the Academy has trained many thousands of highly qualified specialists, who have always been distinguished by excellent scientific knowledge, professionalism, courage and courage as loyalty the best traditions Academy and fire protection of Russia.
More than 16 thousand graduates for the entire period of the existence of the Academy (since 1933) have been awarded state awards of the USSR and Russia.

Among the graduates of the university - Hero Soviet Union- major general Telyatnikov Leonid Petrovich, awarded for courage, heroism and selfless actions shown during the liquidation of the accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Major General of the Internal Service Maksimchuk Vladimir Mikhailovich, posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for courage and heroism shown in the performance of a special task.

Colonel of Internal Service Chernyshev Evgeny Nikolaevich, who was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for the courage and heroism shown in extinguishing the fire and saving people's lives, was a listener correspondence department Faculty of leading personnel of the Academy.

To date, 24 departments are participating in the scientific and educational process of the Academy, in which more than 200 doctors and candidates of sciences work, academic title professors have more than 60 specialists. Seven scientists of the Academy have honorary title"Honored Worker of Science and the Russian Federation", nineteen - "Honored Worker high school RF”, there are also “Honored Ecologist of the Russian Federation”, “Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation” and “Honored Worker of Physical Culture and Sports of the Russian Federation”.

Behind high level training of scientific, pedagogical and engineering personnel for the Ministry of Internal Affairs Socialist Republic Vietnam The State Fire Service Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia was twice awarded the Order of Friendship of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1983 (Higher Fire-Technical School) and 2008. In 1977, for a great contribution to the training of scientific, pedagogical and engineering specialists, the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia (Higher Fire-Technical School) was awarded the Order of Friendship of the Hungarian Republic.

The GPS Academy provides training in several educational programs, directions and specialties. Students receive higher professional education in the specialty "Fire Safety" and "State Municipal Administration".

Since 2009 school year Civilians began to study in the Academy of Sciences of Integrated Security on a contractual basis, once again emphasizing that the solution of security issues is an activity widely demanded by society.

Since the 2010 academic year, training has also been carried out on a two-level education system - bachelor's and master's degrees - in the specialty "Technospheric Safety". In addition, the educational programs of the Academy include postgraduate studies in the specialties "Fire and Industrial Safety", "Automation and Control of Technological Processes and Production". Another program is doctoral studies based on higher vocational education.

Academy holds professional retraining and advanced training in basic professional educational programs. On the basis of the Academy, the Institute of Correspondence and Distance Learning, and the Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training successfully operate. There are two representative offices - in Kazan, Stavropol and in Rostov-on-Don.

First Deputy Head of the Academy

major general of internal service
BASOV Vadim Anatolievich

Born June 14, 1969. Place of birth: Dzhambul city of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Graduated from the Novocherkassk Higher Military command school communications majoring in "command tactical communications troops", military academy connections.

After graduating from the academy, he served in senior positions in the troops of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. In 2008, he was dismissed from military service with enrollment in the reserve after the expiration of the contract for military service. In the same year, adopted military service under a contract with the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.

He served in the YuRC EMERCOM of Russia as a deputy head operational management, head of the crisis management center. Since 2010, First Deputy Head of the Main Directorate of the EMERCOM of Russia for the Volgograd Region.

Awarded with many departmental medals.

He was appointed to the position of First Deputy Head of the Academy in February 2016.

Deputy Head of the Academy for Academic Affairs

Colonel of the Internal Service
BEDILO Maxim Vladimirovich

Born on September 7, 1974. Candidate of Military Sciences.

Higher education. In 1996 he graduated from the Kaliningrad Higher Engineering Order Lenin Red Banner School engineering troops. In 2003 he graduated from the Military Engineering University.

For the position of Deputy Head of the Academy for academic work appointed in 2012

Deputy Head of the Academy for Research

Colonel of the Internal Service
ALESHKOV Mikhail Vladimirovich

Born March 20, 1962. Higher education. Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor. In 1982 he graduated from Ivanovo fire technical school Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, in 1987 - the Higher Engineering and Technical School (VIPTSH) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, in 1990 - Adjuncture of VIPTSH of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. Awarded with many medals. For the position of Deputy Head of the Academy for scientific work appointed in August 2008 .

Deputy Head of the Academy for Work with Personnel

Colonel of the Internal Service
KOROTKOV Sergei Nikolaevich

Born April 10, 1973. Higher education. Graduated from the Ivanovo branch of the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Faculty of Management of the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. awarded departmental awards. Since 2003 he served in different positions at the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. In 2010-2013 served as head of the special faculty for work with foreign citizens Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. He was appointed to the position of Deputy Head of the Academy for Human Resources in 2013, in 2015 he was appointed to the position of Deputy Head of the Academy for Work with Personnel. .

Deputy Head of the Academy for Logistics

POKROVSKY Andrey Anatolievich

Born on August 20, 1959 in the city of Zlatoust Chelyabinsk region. In 1980 he graduated from the Chelyabinsk Higher Tank Command School named after the 50th anniversary of the Great October Revolution. He served in active military service in command positions in the Carpathian Military District and the Far Eastern Military District. In 1994 he graduated from the Military Academy of Armored Forces. Reserve colonel.

Awarded with departmental awards.

He was appointed to the position of Deputy Head of the Academy in March 2015. .

Head of the Development Institute

Colonel of the Internal Service
NIKODIMOV Oleg Nikolaevich

Born on April 13, 1971 in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. In 1992 he graduated from the Kamenetz-Podolsky Higher Engineering Command School. In 2001 Military Engineering Academy. Candidate of Military Sciences, Associate Professor. State awards: Order of Courage - 1995, Order of Courage - 2000. Appointed head of the Development Institute in May 2015.

banner emblem

The banner emblem of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia" (Appendix to the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated August 29, 2010 No. 408) is an image of a golden double-headed eagle with lowered wings and crowned with a crown. The eagle holds in its paws a figurative shield with a silver border covering its chest. The field of the shield is dark red. In the field of the shield are the main elements of the coat of arms of the city of Moscow - St. George the Victorious in silver armor and a blue cloak, on a silver horse, striking a black Serpent with a golden spear. The shield is superimposed on two diagonally crossed silver torches. Above top shield is a silver fireman's helmet.

Innovative developments in the field of rescue

It is important to note that the staff of the Academy is actively engaged in inventive, rationalization and patent activities. Thus, over the past few years, the staff of the Academy received eighteen patents and copyright certificates. The scientific teams have the development of new models of fire and rescue equipment:

Multi-purpose fire truck "PiRo" .

Fire-rescue vehicle with temperature-activated water (TAW) fire extinguishing system. TAW jets can be used to extinguish almost all types of combustible substances. In May 2009, the car was accepted for supply in the system of the Russian Emergencies Ministry. In February 2010, to solve the problems of restoration work at facilities Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP the use of APM was proposed. The result of selfless and professional work The operational group was the destruction of the first section of the separating bull and the feather of the separating abutment of the water well of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP of a snow-ice mass of 330 tons in 83 hours.

Reversible vehicle for extinguishing fires and carrying out rescue operations in tunnels (PSA-T).

The need to create a car is due to the specifics of emergency rescue operations in tunnels due to the lack of the ability to maneuver fire trucks due to the limited volume of the tunnel and the presence Vehicle for the period of emergency, reduced visibility (presence of smoke) and oxygen concentration.

One of important points when extinguishing fires in tunnels, it is the creation of conditions that allow the first fire department to arrive at the call site and introduce extinguishing agents into initial stage fire, when minimal forces and means are required to eliminate combustion. The design of this vehicle allows it to move at the same speed both forward and backward, which reduces the time of maneuvering in the tunnel.

Fire-rescue vehicle in climatic design HL (PSA-S).

More than one third of the territory of Russia is located in a zone with a sharply continental climate, which is characterized by cold and long winters. The most difficult operational situation in the winter period is largely due to the lack of equipment in the arsenal of fire protection garrisons in the northern version, adapted for operation in extreme conditions. low temperatures.

This vehicle is equipped with a water heating unit that ensures the operation of the hose lines at low temperatures, heating the water in the tank and removing water residues from the hose line. The created design of the fire and rescue vehicle in the northern version significantly expands the climatic regions and areas of application of this class of vehicles by maintaining performance during prolonged exposure to the open air at low temperatures and providing extinguishing with the supply of fire extinguishing agents and carrying out certain types rescue operations.

Mobile ladder for fire and rescue equipment units "Trap-S"

The gangway allows you to quickly provide an inclined platform with railings for organizing mass evacuation of people. In addition, the width of the sloping platform is sufficient to eliminate psychological barrier people (fear of heights).

A feature of this car is that the chassis of the ladder is Russian-made, and the superstructure is foreign. Thanks to this experience, there is an opportunity to exchange experience with foreign partners in the development of new generation ladders. AL-52, with a lifting height of 52 meters, is designed to evacuate people from a height and extinguish fires in high-rise buildings, transportation of fire-fighting equipment, provision of technical assistance, as well as to perform other support operations in the event of emergency response.

Mobile complex "GYURZA" for extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations at facilities with structures made of high-strength materials

"Gyurza" consists of a base chassis, a fire superstructure and a multifunctional water installation for cutting structures and supplying a finely sprayed jet of water. The complex is designed to work in three modes: cutting, fire extinguishing with water and fire extinguishing with water with the addition of a foaming agent.

In addition, the Academy is successfully developing such areas as pre-licensing preparation of materials, training of certification system experts, project examination, scientific and technical consulting.

The Academy systematically publishes scientific, educational and reference literature.

The State Fire Service Academy regularly participates in international forums, exhibitions and conferences on security issues: the International Salon "Integrated Security", the International Informatization Forum, the forum and exhibition "Security Technologies", the exhibition "Fire Safety of the 21st Century", the exhibition "Protection, Security and Fire protection” (MIPS), the forum “Means of ensuring the security of the state - Interpolitech”, exhibitions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.

Academy employees participate in the business program of international, all-Russian, interuniversity scientific, scientific and practical conferences and seminars held in Russia, Great Britain, Germany, USA, China, CIS countries, etc.