How to check punctuation. Punctuation rules

Punctuation marks are very important components of the text. The person who does not use them writing, runs the risk of making it so that those to whom the text is addressed simply do not understand the meaning. Yes, and it will be impossible to read such a message. Therefore, it is simply necessary to check punctuation as soon as the text is written. This is not only respect for the recipients, but also for oneself, because competent written speech is an indicator high culture. In the article, we will analyze why punctuation is needed, what are the main punctuation marks and what function each of them performs.

The history of punctuation marks

Punctuation marks did not appear immediately. Initially, the texts were difficult to understand, they were written without them. The need to make written communications readable was first understood in Europe by the French. The setting of special stops, commas, they adopted from the Greeks in the 15th century.

As for Russia, it was Mikhail Lomonosov who first formulated the idea of why punctuation is needed. The rules were put forward by him in the XVIII century. Moreover, he spoke not only about the use of commas, but also exclamation marks. Karamzin also introduced a dash and a colon.

Meaning of punctuation marks

Dash (by the way, this is the only punctuation mark name that has foreign origin- French) is necessary when a conjunction or a word is omitted. It also indicates that in a sentence one thought is opposed to another.

The use of a semicolon is extremely rare. This sign connects parts that are completely unrelated logically to each other.

Homogeneous Members

Now let's look at the basic rules that will help you check punctuation. One of the most common is commas with homogeneous members of a sentence. Recall that these are those that answer one question and refer to one member of the sentence. Absolutely any components of a syntactic unit can be homogeneous.

To check the punctuation marks with them, you need to pay attention to the unions that connect them. If there are none, a comma is always placed. Red, bright yellow, white flowers grew in the meadow.

It is also necessary to put punctuation mark, if homogeneous members connected in pairs. Red and yellow, blue and white flowers grew in the meadow. As you can see, in this case, the comma separates two with the union and.

With repeated unions, a punctuation mark is placed after the first. In the meadow grew red, and bright yellow, and blue, and white flowers.

With homogeneous members, there may be a generalizing word. In this case, checking the correctness of punctuation will help determine where it is located. If up to a number of homogeneous members, then you must put a colon. After that, a dash. For example: All kinds of flowers grew in the meadow: red, bright yellow, blue and white. The general word flowers is used before homogeneous definitions. Red, bright yellow, blue, white - all kinds of flowers adorned the meadow.

Isolation

Isolation is a special emphasis on punctuation marks and intonation. To check punctuation with it, the search for a defined word will help. This is necessary if we are talking o Here are some examples:

Swifts, scurrying between the trees, caught insects on the fly. The defined word swifts is used before separate definition(it is expressed by participial turnover).

Tourists, tired and hungry, soon came to an abandoned hut. The defined word tourists is in front of a separate definition (it is expressed by homogeneous definitions connected with the help of a union).

It is always necessary to put commas when highlighting:

Participle turnovers. Withdrawing into herself, she was able to escape from pressing problems.
Separate members refer to the personal pronoun. Satisfied and inspired, we arrived at the competition site.
The application is always isolated in two cases: when it refers to a personal pronoun and when it refers to common noun. For example: She is a doctor the highest category, was forced to back down. - A doctor of the highest category, she was forced to back down. Another example: My aunt, a doctor of the highest category, suddenly lost her job. - A doctor of the highest category, my aunt instantly lost her job.

and appeals

Punctuation in a sentence with introductory structures and appeals is quite simple. You just need to know what those elements are.

When we address someone, his name or how we call him at the same time, drawing attention, will be the address. In a sentence, it is always separated by commas. Olga Petrovna, bring me a book about plants. - Dear grandfather, how are you? - Dear brothers, let's defend our Motherland to the end!

Check punctuation in syntactic units with introductory constructions, you can correctly select them from the context. It should be remembered that their purpose is to turn Special attention on any statement, to separate it from others. Listen, is it really that important to come tomorrow? - I'll go, finally, I'll figure it out. - According to employees, the interior of the office should be changed a long time ago.

Punctuation in complex sentences

As for complex sentences, a comma between their parts is always needed. With complex subordinates, the situation is simpler, because it is difficult to confuse them with any others. What is the punctuation in them (grade 5 is already the time when the topic is being studied)? Let's give examples.

I want you to move to a new apartment as soon as possible.
She knows where all the mushrooms in the forest are hiding.
Katerina, as soon as the first birds sang, got out of bed and took care of the housework.

Punctuation in compound sentences

It is much more difficult to define a compound sentence. Most often it is confused with a simple one, which has homogeneous predicates in its composition. It is very important to correctly highlight the grammatical basis and understand how many there are.

Let's look at two examples. Swallows flew around the house and painted bizarre figures in the air. - Swallows flew around the house, and those present looked with admiration at their bizarre aerial figures. The first sentence is simple, in it homogeneous predicates flew, were written out connected by a union and, therefore, a comma is not needed. The second example is a compound sentence, there are two grammar basics: swallows flew, those present watched. The comma before and is required.

Punctuation in non-union complex sentences

Within a complex sentence, there can also be an asyndetic connection. In this case, a comma, dash or colon is most often put, less often a semicolon. Let's take a look at such cases. We note right away that a lot depends on the intonation and the general meaning of the sentence.

The library was closed, all the staff had already gone home. - The library was closed - all the staff went home. - All employees went home: the library was closed.

If there is a normal enumeration of a certain sequence of actions, then a comma will be placed (first example).
When the second part indicates a consequence from the first, it is necessary to put a dash (second sentence).
To expand on the contents of the first part, a colon is used (the last sentence).

The semicolon is less common. Its use is necessary when simple parts many complicating elements (they are very common).

The library, located in the park, closed to keep a book count; employees were working overtime.

Here in the first part is not only participial, but this block is also a semicolon.

Why do you need punctuation? given by the author Miscalculate the best answer is but I wonder what would you understand from a text unfamiliar to you if there were not a single punctuation mark there? Probably not much...

Answer from Natalya Korotkova[newbie]
Punctuation (from Latin punctum ‘dot’) is a system of signs and symbols used in writing, developed within the language. Why is punctuation necessary? Punctuation allows you to separate sentences from each other, to convey a certain meaning in the text, to express the emotions of feeling. For example, a comma allows you to catch a pause, convey meaning in complex sentences, serves to enumerate. Let's take the well-known sentence from the book by Leah Geraskina "In the country unlearned lessons» EXECUTION IS NOT POSSIBLE TO PARTY, if you put a comma after the word execute, then it will turn out EXECUTE, IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO PARTY, and if after the word it is impossible - IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO EXECUTE, PARTY. And if we removed all the points from the text, then the text would not make sense, it would not be text, but a continuous set of words that are not interconnected

Answer from Adaptability[expert]
Punctuation (from Latin punctum ‘dot’) is a set of characters
punctuation and a system of developed and fixed rules for their use.
Why is punctuation necessary? Why are there not enough letters of the alphabet to
Was it clear to the reader? After all, from the letters denoting the sounds of speech,
Words are made up, and speech is made up of words. But the point is that
pronouncing individual words one after another does not mean doing what is being said
understandable. Words in speech are combined into groups, between groups of words, and sometimes
between single words intervals of various lengths are made, on verbal
groups or over individual words, either rise or fall in tone is made.
And all this is not accidental, but is subject to certain rules: both intervals and
rising and falling tone (the so-called intonation) express certain
shades of meaning of speech segments. The writer must firmly know what semantic
he wants to give a shade to his statement and to its individual parts, and to what
he must use methods for this.
Punctuation, like spelling, is part of graphics system adopted
for a given language, and must be as firmly learned as the letters of the alphabet
with their sound meanings, so that the letter accurately and completely expresses
the content of the utterance. And so that this content is equally perceived
by all readers, it is necessary that the meaning of punctuation marks be
firmly established within one national language. Has no
meaning that appearance punctuation marks in different languages may be
the same, but the meaning and hence the use of them are different. What matters is
so that all who write and read in one language or another are exactly the same
understand what each punctuation mark means.

Answer from Ilya Vishnevsky[active]
there is a well-known sentence: execution cannot be pardoned
1 comma can completely change the meaning - live or die

Answer from Neurologist[guru]
Punctuation marks are needed to create intonation. The same sentence can be read differently if the punctuation marks are different. For example. Vasya is Russian. or Vasya - Russian! or Vasya - Russian? Commas are needed for references. She can play a very important role.
Punctuation may not always be based on strict laws.
Punctuation is needed not by itself (punctuation for the sake of punctuation), but for a more complete understanding of the meaning of the text. To display feelings, emotions, intonation with which the speech was delivered. We can convey all this on paper only with the help of some signs, that is, with the help of punctuation (punctuation marks). Especially a lot of complaints in this sense on the comma. The comma plays its main role - it denotes a pause in the sentence.
The role of punctuation marks:
Comma - 1. pause in the sentence. 2. for transfer correct meaning in complex sentences 3. enumeration 4. selection introductory phrases(words), appeals, clarifications.
Dash - 1. longer pause in the sentence; 2. contrasting the meaning of previous words with subsequent ones; 3. replacement of a word (if we do not pronounce the word, but we mean it); 4.explaining the meaning of a particular concept or phenomenon.
Colon - 1.explanation in detail of what was said common phrase. 2.before listing.
Semicolon - 1. separation of complex phrases, where a period does not fit and only a comma is missing (something in between a comma and a period - stronger than a comma and weaker than a period).
Point - 1. a longer pause than the one indicated by a comma. 2. the end of the previous thought and the beginning of the next. 3. separation of too long sentences for their easier understanding (a person is used to thinking in sentences).
Brackets round - 1. distraction from the main idea. 2. explanation
Quotation marks - 1. quote 2. pronunciation of a word when the object does not have the characteristics of this word.
Three dots - 1. designation of a longer pause in time than a dot. 2. designation of incompleteness.
Exclamation point.
Question mark.
An exclamation point along with a question mark (!?).
A question mark along with an exclamation point (?!).
When famous author give the right to a copyright, while others do not - this is unfair. The question is that a person must punctuate consciously and be able to justify his signs. If he simply does not know and makes mistakes, then only in this case can these be considered mistakes.
Language is not dogma. Scientists are too carried away by breaking everything and everyone into groups; classifications. It is necessary to look more broadly and consider the expediency of certain rules.
Punctuation marks are needed to indicate the meaning, you cannot distort the meaning for the sake of punctuation marks.

Punctuation is a system of signs and symbols used in writing, developed within the framework of the language. Punctuation in Russian and in English may have common signs, but the rules for their setting will be very different.

Understanding why punctuation is needed helps you write competently and express your thoughts more easily. Punctuation is needed in order to facilitate the reading of the text, it separates sentences and their parts from each other, thereby allowing you to express a certain idea.

Functions of punctuation marks in Russian

Starting a discussion about why punctuation is needed, you should pay attention to what punctuation marks are, because there are many of them, and each performs its role. Punctuation can be used in text both within a single sentence and to separate several different sentences.

Why do you need punctuation in the text

A period separates one sentence from another and indicates neutral intonation. "I'm going to sleep alone tonight." Also used for abbreviations: etc. - and so on.
The exclamation mark separates sentences from each other, expresses the emotions of surprise, fear, admiration, and many others. For example: "Hurry, you must hurry!". exclamation mark appeals within a sentence can be highlighted, so the intonation is emphasized: "Guys! Please don't be late for the meeting."
A question mark separates one sentence from another, expresses doubt or a question: "Are you sure that you did everything right?".

Why do you need punctuation within a sentence?

Why is punctuation necessary? The essay will come out fuzzy, all thoughts will be lumped together, and their meaning can be confused without the correct selection of parts, that is, without knowledge of the rules of punctuation.

A comma separates parts of a sentence, helps to highlight individual thoughts or appeals, to separate simple sentences from each other as part of a complex one. “It doesn’t matter to me what you think about it” is a complex sentence, “For lunch they were offered borscht, mashed potatoes with a cutlet, salad and dried apricot compote” are homogeneous members of the sentence.
The colon focuses on something that follows it, delimits parts of the sentence that are interconnected, explaining each other, delimits the words of the author and direct speech, or marks the beginning of the enumeration (in this case, the colon is placed after the generalizing word). "On the counter lay all sorts of pies with various fillings: with cabbage, with potatoes, with cheese, with apples, with jam and boiled condensed milk" - enumeration. “After thinking and after a long pause, he replied:“ No, we can never be together, ”and quickly left the room” - direct speech.
A dash is used to indicate a pause, replaces missing words, indicates direct speech. " Proper nutrition- a pledge of health and longevity" - the dash can be read as the word "this". "- What time can you come tomorrow? the cashier asked. - At three o'clock, - answered the customer. "- direct speech.
The semicolon is used in sentences with complex composition, where a comma is no longer enough to separate parts. "It was a strong warm wind that carried away all the troubles and sorrows behind it, made the world better with every breath, filled the lungs with joy; I first felt it at sea, and since then I have tried to feel it again and again, year after year returning to the familiar harbor".

Knowing why punctuation is needed, you will write an essay-reasoning clearly and competently, you will be able to express your thought. With the help of punctuation, you pay attention to exactly those points that you need to sharpen.

Why is punctuation necessary? GIA (state final examination) believes that without punctuation there is nowhere, and carefully checks the presence of this knowledge in exams. And indeed, only by using punctuation correctly, you can make sure that you are understood correctly.

Punctuation is a system of signs and symbols used in writing, developed within the language. Punctuation in Russian and in English may have common characters, but the rules for their setting will be very different.

Functions of punctuation marks in Russian

A period separates one sentence from another and indicates neutral intonation. "I'm going to sleep alone tonight." Also used for abbreviations: etc. - and so on. The exclamation mark separates sentences from each other, expresses the emotions of surprise, fear, admiration, and many others. For example: "Hurry, you must hurry!". An exclamation mark can highlight appeals within a sentence, so the intonation is emphasized: “Guys! Please don't be late for the meeting." A question mark separates one sentence from another, expresses doubt or a question: “Are you sure that you did everything right?”.

Why do you need punctuation within a sentence?

A comma separates parts of a sentence, helps to highlight individual thoughts or appeals, to separate simple sentences from each other as part of a complex one. “It doesn’t matter to me what you think about it” is a complex sentence, “For lunch they were offered borscht, mashed potatoes with a cutlet, ... salad and dried apricot compote” are homogeneous members of the sentence. The colon focuses on something that follows it, delimits parts of the sentence that are interconnected, explaining each other, delimits the words of the author and direct speech, or marks the beginning of the enumeration (in this case, the colon is placed after the generalizing word). “On the counter were all kinds of pies with various fillings: with cabbage, with potatoes, with cheese, with apples, with jam and boiled condensed milk” - enumeration. “After thinking and after a long pause, he replied:“ No, we can never be together, ”and quickly left the room” - direct speech. A dash is used to indicate a pause, replaces missing words, indicates direct speech. “Proper nutrition is the key to health and longevity” - the dash can be read as the word “this”. “What time can you come tomorrow? the cashier asked. "Three o'clock," replied the customer. - direct speech. The semicolon is used in sentences with complex composition, where a comma is no longer enough to separate parts. “It was a strong warm wind that carried away all the troubles and sorrows behind it, made the world better with every breath, filled the lungs with joy; I first felt it at sea, and since then I have sought to feel it again and again, year after year returning to the familiar harbor.

Why is punctuation necessary? GIA (state final certification) believes that without punctuation there is nowhere, and carefully checks the presence of this knowledge in exams. And indeed, only by using punctuation correctly, you can make sure that you are understood correctly.