Give definitions addition definition circumstance. Secondary members of the sentence

When individual words are combined into sentences, they become its members, and each of them has its own Syntax studies how a coherent text is created from words. Definition, circumstance, addition - these are the names of the words participating in the sentence, which are combined into a group of secondary members.

"Lords and Servants"

If the offer contains minor members, so there are principal ones. These are subject words and predicate words. Each proposal has at least one of the main members. More often syntactic constructions consist of both - the subject and the predicate. They represent the grammatical basis of a sentence. But what do the secondary ones (definition, circumstance, addition) do? Their task is to supplement, clarify, explain the main members or each other.

How to distinguish minor members from major ones in a sentence?

First, let's remember that the main members of the sentence contain basic information about the subject, person, action, state. In the sentence “Recently it has rained (predicate) (subject)”, the phrase “it has rained” forms the basis, which concludes the main meaning of the statement.

Secondary members (definition, circumstance, addition) do not contain statements about objects, persons, states and actions, they only explain those statements that are contained in the main members. "The rain has passed (when?) recently."

Secondly, you can recognize the main black points by the questions that are asked to them. The subject will always answer the question "who?" or "what?". The predicate in the sentence will answer the question “what is it doing?”, “Who is it?”, “What is it?”, “What is it?”. The members of the proposal, which are called secondary, also have their own, only peculiar to them, questions. Let's talk about them in more detail.

Issues of definition, additions, circumstances

By definition, linguists call a member of a sentence that describes a sign, quality of an object or person. "Which, which, whose?" - questions asked for definition.
An addition is that minor member that contains the name of a person or object, but not the one who performs or experiences the action, but the one that has become the object for the action. Questions (this does not include the nominative) are questions of the complement (circumstances and definitions never answer them).
A circumstance is a minor term that denotes in a sentence a sign of an action or another sign. “Where, from where and where, when, how, why and why?” - these are the questions that can be asked to the circumstance.

We have considered questions of definition, addition, circumstances. Now let's find out what parts of speech each of these minor terms can be expressed.

Characteristic definitions, examples

On the questions that are asked for the definition, it is clear that adjectives, participles act as this member of the sentence.

“I heard (what?) A growing noise.” The participle "increasing" here is a definition.
"I'm already taking (which?) the third exam." The ordinal number "third" plays the role of definition.
"Katya was wrapped in (whose?) mother's jacket." The adjective "mother's" is a definition.

At parsing this member of the sentence is underlined with a wavy line.

Specifics of the circumstances

The groups of words that can express the circumstance are huge, and therefore this member of the sentence has several types - places and times, goals and reasons, comparisons and modes of action, conditions, and concessions.

Circumstances of the place

They characterize the direction and place of action. They are asked questions “where, from where and where”?

"Man has not yet visited (where?) Mars." circumstance in this case expressed by a preposition and a noun that is in prepositional: "on Mars".

Circumstances of time

They characterize the time period in which the action takes place. They are asked the questions “since when, until what time, when?”.

"We haven't seen each other (since when?) since last winter." The circumstance is expressed by the phrase of an adjective and a noun, which is in genitive case and has a preposition: "from last winter."
"I'll be back (when?) the day after tomorrow." The adverb "the day after tomorrow" is used as a circumstance.
“We need to have time to cross the border (until what time?) before evening.” The circumstance of time is expressed by the noun in generative. case with the preposition: "until the evening."

Purpose Circumstances

They explain what the action is for. "Why, for what purpose?" - his questions.

"Raisa Petrovna went to the sea (why?) to swim." The circumstance is expressed here by the infinitive "to bathe".
"Sergey came to film set(for what?) for testing. The circumstance has become a noun that resides in and has a preposition: "for tests."
“Masha cut the rug (why?) to spite the governess.” The circumstance is expressed by the adverb "out of spite."

cause circumstance

It characterizes the reason for the action. "On what basis, why and why?" - questions about it

“Artem was absent from the rehearsal (for what reason?) Due to illness.” The circumstance is expressed by a noun in gender. n. with the pretext: "due to illness."
"I told her stupid things (why?) in the heat of the moment." The situation is expressed by the adverb "in the heat of the moment."
"Alice opened the door, (why?) Taking pity on the traveler." As a circumstance, the adverbial turnover “having taken pity on the traveler” is used.

Circumstances of the course of action

They describe exactly how, in what way it is performed, to what extent this action is expressed. His questions are the same.

"The master worked (how?) easily and beautifully." Circumstances are adverbs "easy" and "beautiful".
"The dress was (to what extent?) very old." The circumstance is expressed here by the adverb "completely".
"The boys ran (how fast?) headlong." The circumstance is expressed by a phraseological unit.

Circumstances of comparison

We also ask the question “how?” to them, but they express a comparative characteristic.

“The locomotive, (like who?) Like a beast, flickered with headlights.” Obst. expressed by a noun with the union: "like a beast."

Circumstances conditions and concessions

The first shows under what conditions an action is possible, and the second describes in spite of what it happens.

"He will remember everything (on what condition?) if he sees Victoria." The combination “conjunction, verb, noun” acts as a circumstance: “if he sees Victoria”.
"The club will not cancel the competition, (in spite of what?) despite the rain." Obst. expressed dee participle turnover: "Despite the rain."

When parsing, this term is underlined by a dot-dotted line.

That is the definition and the circumstance. Complement can be expressed by nouns or pronouns.

Examples of additions

“The sun illuminated (what?) the clearing.” The complement is expressed by the noun in vin. P.
“Marina suddenly saw (who?) Him.” Complement - a pronoun in the accusative case.
“Children were left without (what?) toys.” As an addition, a noun in gender is used. P.
"We recognized (who?) Martha by her walk." Complement is a noun in gender. P.
"Irina rejoiced (what?) The sea, like a child." In the role of an object - a noun in the dative case.
“Alexey gave (to whom?) the manuscript to me” (expressed by a pronoun in the dative case).
“Last summer I got interested in (what?) Drawing” (noun in the instrumental case).
“Ivan became (by whom?) a programmer” (a noun in the creative case).
“The child enthusiastically talked about (what?) Space” (noun in a sentence).
"Don't tell him about (who?) her." As an addition, a pronoun in the prepositional case is used.

When parsing, this minor term is underlined with dotted lines.

Place and role of secondary members of the proposal

Secondary members can clarify and explain the main ones in different configurations, Example: “The mother’s gaze warmed (who?) The baby, (how?), Like the sun, (what?) Affectionate and hot.” The scheme of this sentence is as follows: definition, subject, predicate, object, circumstance, definition.

And here is a sentence in which only the predicate is present as a basis: “Let's spend (what?) The year (what?) Gone (how?) With a song.” Offer scheme: compound predicate, addition, definition, circumstance.

We can make sure that these members are secondary only grammatically, but not in content. Sometimes the meaning that the definition, circumstance, addition conclude is more important than the information conveyed by the predicates and subjects.

what questions are answered Addendum - ---- Circumstance._._._._. Definition ~~~~~

1 Summer has come and the park has come to life.
2. That hero will be glorious, whose feat people have not forgotten.
3. The girl whose handkerchief was picked up by the hero won.
4. You need to learn the rule that will help you pass the test.
5. We collected in the herbarium those herbs that we studied in the lesson.
6.Tourists told us a lot about what they saw on the trip (a little sloppy without a leading word) lkrfewfrf
rmg
rigbtsgvbmogl
R. P Who? What?
D.P. Who? What?
V.P. Whom? What?
T.P. By whom? How?
P. P 0 com? Oh wm?
They are divided into:

Answers the questions:
Which?
Which?
Which?
Which?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?

Bus route changed

1. Where?
Where?
Where?
How?
What for?
Why?
2. Since when?
How long?
From what?
How?
For what purpose?
To what extent?
In what degree?
For what reason?
Against what?
3. Time
Places
mode of action
Causes
Goals
conditions
concessions
Definition - what? which? which? which? whose? whose? whose? whose?
Circumstance - where? where? when? why? why? etc.
Supplement - who? what? to whom? what? whom? what? by whom? how? about whom? about what?
Addition (_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
A minor member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate or other members of the sentence and answers the questions of indirect cases:
R. P Who? What?
D.P. Who? What?
V.P. Whom? What?
T.P. By whom? How?
P. P 0 com? Oh wm?
They are divided into:
1. straight (from transitive verb in V.P (Whom? What?) without preposition)
2. indirect (R. P., D. P, T. P., P. P,)
Definition (wavy line)
A minor member of a sentence that denotes a sign of an object.
Answers the questions:
Which?
Which?
Which?
Which?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Definitions are divided into: 1. Agreed: are linked according to the method of agreement -
Bus route changed
2. Inconsistent: communicate by connection or control method - Give me a more interesting book
An inconsistent definition can be expressed by an indivisible phrase:
girl (what?) blue eyes Circumstance (_._._._._._._._._)
The secondary member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate and answers the questions:
1. Where?
Where?
Where?
How?
What for?
Why?
2. Since when?
How long?
From what?
How?
For what purpose?
To what extent?
In what degree?
For what reason?
Against what?
3. Time
Places
mode of action
Causes
Goals
conditions
concessions
Definition - what? which? which? which? whose? whose? whose? whose?
Circumstance - where? where? when? why? why? etc.
Supplement - who? what? to whom? what? whom? what? by whom? how? about whom? about what?
Definition - what? which? which? which? whose? whose? whose? whose?
Circumstance - where? where? when? why? why? etc.
Supplement - who? what? to whom? what? whom? what? by whom? how? about whom? about what?
Addition (_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
A minor member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate or other members of the sentence and answers the questions of indirect cases:
R. P Who? What?
D.P. Who? What?
V.P. Whom? What?
T.P. By whom? How?
P. P 0 com? Oh wm?
They are divided into:
1. direct (from the transitive verb in V. P (Whom? What?) without a preposition)
2. indirect (R. P., D. P, T. P., P. P,)
Definition (wavy line)
A minor member of a sentence that denotes a sign of an object.
Answers the questions:
Which?
Which?
Which?
Which?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Definitions are divided into: 1. Agreed: are linked according to the method of agreement -
Bus route changed
2. Inconsistent: communicate by connection or control method - Give me a more interesting book
An inconsistent definition can be expressed by an indivisible phrase:
girl (what?) with blue eyes Circumstance (_._._._._._._._._)
The secondary member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate and answers the questions:
1. Where?
Where?
Where?
How?
What for?
Why?
2. Since when?
How long?
From what?
How?
For what purpose?
To what extent?
In what degree?
For what reason?
Against what?
3. Time
Places
mode of action
Causes
Goals
conditions
concessions
I do not know
etc...
Thank you
Definition - adjectives
Addition - in indirect (everything except I. p.)
Circumstance where? where? when? why?
Addition (_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
A minor member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate or other members of the sentence and answers the questions of indirect cases:
R. P Who? What?
D.P. Who? What?
V.P. Whom? What?
T.P. By whom? How?
P. P 0 com? Oh wm?
They are divided into:
1. direct (from the transitive verb in V. P (Whom? What?) without a preposition)
2. indirect (R. P., D. P, T. P., P. P,)
Definition (wavy line)
A minor member of a sentence that denotes a sign of an object.
Answers the questions:
Which?
Which?
Which?
Which?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Definitions are divided into: 1. Agreed: are linked according to the method of agreement -
Bus route changed
2. Inconsistent: communicate by connection or control method - Give me a more interesting book
An inconsistent definition can be expressed by an indivisible phrase:
girl (what?) with blue eyes Circumstance (_._._._._._._._._)
The secondary member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate and answers the questions:
1. Where?
Where?
Where?
How?
What for?
Why?
2. Since when?
How long?
From what?
How?
For what purpose?
To what extent?
In what degree?
For what reason?
Against what?
3. Time
Places
mode of action
Causes
Goals
conditions
concessions
31 Like Complain
3 ANSWERS
Tanyusha Kapusta Profi (655) 3 years ago
Definition - what? which? which? which? whose? whose? whose? whose?
Circumstance - where? where? when? why? why? etc.
Supplement - who? what? to whom? what? whom? what? by whom? how? about whom? about what?
35 Like Complain
Alna Sharapova Profi (711) 3 years ago
The addition answers the questions of indirect cases (who? What? whom? Etc.)
Definitions (what? what? what? etc.)
Circumstance answers questions indicating time, place of action, reason, etc. (where? when? why? why?, etc.)
😀
8 Like Complain
Katerina Shilova Student (174) 3 months ago
Circumstances indicate time, place. Underline like this __ . __(dot dash) . questions: where? , At what time? When?
Addition. this is usually an addition to what has been said. ___ ___ ___ ___ are underlined.
A definition is usually expressed as an adjective. Indicates the attribute of an object. emphasized wavy line. What questions? which? Which?
Like Complain
1-Circumstance-where?, when?, where?, from where?, why?, why? And How?...
2-Addition-what?, what?, what?, what?, whose?, whose?, whose?, whose?...
3-Definition - these are questions of all cases except MI. P.
I don't know
Addition (_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
A minor member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate or other members of the sentence and answers the questions of indirect cases:
R. P Who? What?
D.P. Who? What?
V.P. Whom? What?
T.P. By whom? How?
P. P 0 com? Oh wm?
They are divided into:
1. direct (from the transitive verb in V. P (Whom? What?) without a preposition)
2. indirect (R. P., D. P, T. P., P. P,)
Definition (wavy line)
A minor member of a sentence that denotes a sign of an object.
Answers the questions:
Which?
Which?
Which?
Which?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Definitions are divided into: 1. Agreed: are linked according to the method of agreement -
Bus route changed
2. Inconsistent: communicate by connection or control method - Give me a more interesting book
An inconsistent definition can be expressed by an indivisible phrase:
girl (what?) with blue eyes Circumstance (_._._._._._._._._)
The secondary member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate and answers the questions:
1. Where?
Where?
Where?
How?
What for?
Why?
2. Since when?
How long?
From what?
How?
For what purpose?
To what extent?
In what degree?
For what reason?
Against what?
3. Time
Places
mode of action
Causes
Goals
conditions
concessions
Addition (_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
A minor member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate or other members of the sentence and answers the questions of indirect cases:
R. P Who? What?
D.P. Who? What?
V.P. Whom? What?
T.P. By whom? How?
P. P 0 com? Oh wm?
They are divided into:
1. direct (from the transitive verb in V. P (Whom? What?) without a preposition)
2. indirect (R. P., D. P, T. P., P. P,)
Definition (wavy line)
A minor member of a sentence that denotes a sign of an object.
Answers the questions:
Which?
Which?
Which?
Which?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Whose?
Definitions are divided into: 1. Agreed: are linked according to the method of agreement -
Bus route changed
2. Inconsistent: communicate by connection or control method - Give me a more interesting book
An inconsistent definition can be expressed by an indivisible phrase:
girl (what?) with blue eyes Circumstance (_._._._._._._._._)
The secondary member of the sentence, which depends on the predicate and answers the questions:
1. Where?
Where?
Where?
How?
What for?
Why?
2. Since when?
How long?
From what?
How?
For what purpose?
To what extent?
In what degree?
For what reason?
Against what?
3. Time
Places
mode of action
Causes
Goals
conditions
concessions

Secondary members of the sentence - addition, definition and circumstance in Russian allow you to give oral and writing descriptive and vivid.

The role of sentence members is described in detail by syntax - a section of grammar that studies word compatibility.

They do not reflect information about objects and people, their actions or states, and also explain and clarify the information that the main members carry. Accordingly, both the definition and the addition with the circumstance in some way specify the subject or predicate and respond to special questions. Often the meaning of a sentence becomes clear precisely thanks to additions, definitions and circumstances, and not at all to the main members.

General Information on the topic considered in the article, we will display for clarity and ease of perception in the form of a table

	Addition	Definition	Circumstance
concept	Denotes the object or object on which the action is directed. The addition is directly related to the verb (predicate) and clarifies it. In most cases, it is not the subject, but the object of the action.	Indicates a quality, characteristic, or sign of an object or person. The definition is related to the noun (subject or object).	Denotes an action sign or sign sign. May be associated with a verb, adjective, or adverb and usually extends the word to which it refers.
Method of selection when parsing and analyzing a sentence	dotted underline	Underlining with a solid wavy line	Underlining with a dot-dash line

* The Russian language stipulates that compound members must be underlined without breaks or spaces.

Add-ons

Most often expressed as a noun (The man decided to pay for the purchase by card), but it can also be an infinitive verb ( Master quit drinking), pronoun ( He doesn't love you anymore), adjective ( It's time to talk about the main) or cardinal number ( Subtract three from five). Sometimes the addition is expressed by a whole group of words - an inseparable phrase ( Dad bought a music center) or phraseological turn (We'll have to find a jack of all trades).

The addition answers the questions of cases, which in Russian are called indirect (that is, all except the nominative).

Direct

Used to denote the object or person to whom the action is directed. Always refer to transitive verbs.

Such additions answer the questions of the genitive (Who? What?), Dative (To whom? What?) and Accusative (Who? What?) cases.

He immediately gave what he had accumulated to his mother.

Indirect

These are the additions that cannot be classified as direct. Often they are focused on to denote a third-party object or person associated with the verb.

They answer questions of instrumental (Who? What?) and prepositional (About whom? About what?) cases.

At the carnival, the girl was a snowflake.

Definition

Expressed as an adjective ( We bought a beautiful house) or ordinal number ( It's my fifteenth birthday), participle ( Playing children are the most peaceful sight) or participle turnover ( There are several students in the group who are doing well in all subjects).

: Which? Which? Whose?

The light in the room was perfect for a photographer.

Appendix

There are situations when the definition is expressed by a noun ( cooler bag, brother Ivan) or a stable construction involving a noun ( journal "Science and Life"; Andrew, first grade student). In such cases we are talking about the application that acts as a definition.

Circumstance

Expressed by the most different parts speech, as well as participial phrases and answers many questions. Below we give types of circumstances and questions to them.

Circumstance of place - Where? Where? Where? ( Lies are everywhere these days.).
Circumstance of time - Since when? When? How long? ( Today is sunny).
Purpose Circumstance - Why? For what purpose? For what? ( Hecame to say hello).
Cause Circumstance - Why? From what? On what basis? ( I yelled at her in a rage).
Circumstance of course of action - How? How? In what degree? How much? ( Math is easy for me).
Circumstance of comparison - How? Like who? Like what? ( He swept past us like a whirlwind).
Condition Circumstance - Under what condition? ( Once you've made up your mind, don't back down.).
Circumstance of assignment - Contrary to what? Despite what? ( Despite the rain, we continued on our way.).

Thus, in order to determine which of the secondary members of the sentence is in front of us, it is necessary to understand what word is it associated with? and then ask him the right question.

Example: " In the distance I saw a little girl».
Had seen where? Far away. – A verb-related adverb of place expressed by an adverb.
Had seen whom? Girl. – A verb-related simple object expressed by a noun.
girl what? Little. – A noun-related definition expressed by an adjective.

Comma Separation

Let us designate the main cases of isolation of secondary members of the sentence in the Russian language.

Definition

Expressed by participial turnover.

The dog that was running behind gradually fell behind.

Addition

Expressed by application.

The neighbor from the top floor, Ivan Petrovich, was gloomy and never said hello first.

Circumstance

Expressed comparative turnover, including unions as, exactly, as if, as if, that.

He kept looking at me as if I could disappear.

Expressed participle turnover.

Finished with food We are back to books again.

Expressed by a construct starting with " in spite of…", if it is replaced by the preposition " despite».

Despite persuasion he left the country.

Video

This video will help you figure out what the secondary members of a sentence are.

Didn't get an answer to your question? Suggest a topic to the authors.

In a sentence, in addition to the subject and predicate, which make up its grammatical basis, secondary members can be used to clarify, specify or supplement the content. These include additions, definitions and circumstances. Each group of secondary members of the sentence performs its specific syntactic function in speech.

Definition

Addition- a secondary member of the sentence associated with the predicate, which names the object or person that acts as the object of action in a particular speech situation.

Circumstance- a minor member of the sentence, indicating the method, image or other sign of the action expressed by the predicate.

Comparison

The addition can be expressed by a noun, a pronoun or a substantiated part of speech, occupying a position in the sentence structure after the spreading word. Usually it is a verb with which the object is associated with a control method. Such a connection is determined by questions of indirect cases.

The transition (through what?) through the pass turned out to be difficult.
The flowers were placed (in what?) in a vase.

The object indicates the object of the action or the means by which it is performed: to crochet; feed breakfast; chasing pigeons; read a book.

The circumstance is expressed by an adverb, gerund or participle turnover, in some cases - a noun and a phrase with a circumstantial meaning. Questions can be put to the circumstance : as? what way? when? for what purpose? to what extent? where? why?

(When?) Occasionally the wind broke and carried (from where?) an indistinct noise from the sea.
He lived (how?) simply, caring only about his daily bread.

The circumstance is always connected with the predicate, but can be structurally separated from it by other members of the sentence.

Thus, the addition and circumstance perform different semantic and syntactic functions.

Findings site

The circumstance indicates the image, method or time of action, that is circumstances under which it proceeds. Complement denotes an object or means of action.
The circumstance is expressed by an adverb or parts of speech close to it in meaning. The complement is most often expressed by a noun or a pronoun.
In addition, questions of indirect cases can be raised. Questions addressed to circumstances depend on the way in which the circumstantial meaning is expressed.

Applications are usually considered as a kind of definition.

Secondary members are directly or indirectly related to the grammatical basis, that is, from the grammatical basis, you can ask a question to a minor member, from this minor member to another, etc.

The frightened face of a young girl peeked out from behind the trees(Turgenev).

Grammar basis - face peeked out. From the subject, you can ask questions to two words: face(which?) frightened; face(whose?) girls. From definition girls you can ask a question for one word girls(which?) young. Predicate peeked out associated with a noun with a preposition: peeked out(where?) from behind the trees.

Thus, one sentence includes all the words that are somehow related to grammatical basis. This is especially important when placing punctuation marks in complex sentence. Commas (rarely other signs) separate parts of a complex sentence from each other. Therefore, to check punctuation marks, it is necessary to clearly understand where these boundaries are.

In the evening, while we were silently waiting for Asya, I finally became convinced of the need for separation.(Turgenev).

To correctly punctuate this sentence, you must:
a) highlight the grammatical foundations;
b) establish which words are associated with these stems.

This sentence has two grammatical bases:

1 - I made sure; 2 - we expected.

So the proposal is complex.

The words associated with the first grammatical basis are: made sure(as?) finally; made sure(in what?) in need; made sure(when?) in the evening; in need(what?) separation. Therefore, the first sentence will look like: In the evening I was finally convinced of the need for separation.

The words associated with the second grammatical basis are: expected(whom?) Asyu; expected(as?) silently. Till is a temporary union subordinate clause. Therefore, the second sentence will look like: while we silently waited for Asya, and it is inside the main clause.

So, punctuation marks in a complex sentence should be arranged as follows:
In the evening, while we silently waited for Asya, I finally became convinced of the need for separation.

But for correct placement punctuation marks, it is necessary not only to identify all the secondary members of the sentence, but also to determine their specific type (definition, addition, circumstance), since each of the secondary members has its own rules for isolation. Therefore, incorrect parsing of minor members can lead to errors in punctuation.

Each of the secondary members has its own system of questions.

Definition answers what questions? whose?
Red dress; happy boy.
Addition answers the questions of indirect cases.
Saw a friend.
Circumstances answer the questions of adverbs: where? when? as? why? and etc.
They waited in silence.

Note!

One and the same minor member can sometimes be asked several different questions. This happens especially often if the minor member is expressed by a noun or a noun pronoun. You can always ask them a morphological question indirect case. But not always a noun or a pronoun will be an object. The syntax issue may be different.

For example, in combination girl face a morphological question can be asked to a noun in the genitive case: face(whom?) girls. But the noun girls in a sentence will be a definition, not an addition, because the syntactic question will be different: face(whose?) girls.