Nikolai Belousov about the difficult fate of wooden architecture in Russia. Belousov, Nikolay Nikolaevich

03.05.1923 - 22.04.2006
Hero Soviet Union

B elousov Nikolai Petrovich - commander of the 193rd fighter aviation regiment of the 302nd fighter aviation division of the 4th fighter aviation corps of the 5th Air Army of the 2nd Ukrainian front, lieutenant.

Born on May 3, 1923 in the village of Dubovy Ovrag, Svetloyarsky District Volgograd region in a working family. Russian. Graduated from 7 classes incomplete high school and the flying club.

Since 1940 in the ranks of the Red Army. In 1941 he graduated from the Bataysk Air Force Pilot School. In 1941-1942 he served in the Rustavi Reserve Regiment. In 1942 he graduated from the Rustavi Aviation School.

In the army since December 1942. He fought on the Stalingrad, Voronezh, 2nd Ukrainian fronts. He fought on La-5FN fighters. He won the victory in one of the first sorties, destroying the Ju-88 bomber. On August 15, 1943, having shot down a Ju-87 dive bomber, he was wounded by a burst of an air gunner, but brought the car to the airfield.

At Kazom of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR dated July 1, 1944 for courage and bravery shown in battles with fascist german invaders Lieutenant Nikolai Petrovich Belousov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the medal " Golden Star" (№ 1475).

By the end of the war, the squadron commander of the 177th Guards Fighter Aviation Guard Captain N.P. Belousov made 265 successful sorties, participated in 50 dogfights, shot down 23 enemy aircraft - 16 personally and 7 in a group with comrades.

After the war he continued to serve in the army. He was deputy squadron commander of the 179th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment ( Southern group troops, the city of Constanta). The service was interrupted by a tragic accident. In July 1946, during a quarrel, he accidentally shot an officer. In August 1946, Belousov was sentenced by the tribunal of the 17th Air Army under article 136 part 1 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to 6 years in labor camps. The court sent a petition for the deprivation of the title of Hero and awards. In July 1949 he was released early from prison, the remaining 3 years he served on probation.

In December 1949 he returned to his homeland. He came to work on the construction of the Volga-Don Canal, in the Glavgidrovolgodonstroy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He worked as an excavator driver, fulfilled the norms by 120-160%. Participated in the installation of the first walking excavator, then worked as a machinist on it. In April 1950, he applied for the return of awards. It was decided to postpone the issue until the end of the conditional period and the receipt of characteristics in the place of work. In September 1952 the awards were returned.

From 1953 to 1956 he worked as a senior engineer at the mechanization base, chief mechanic at the woodworking plant of the Stalingradtyazhstroy trust. From 1957 to 1959 - an engineer in the repair shop at the Stalingrad oil refinery. From 1960 to 1963 he worked as a locksmith of the 7th category at the Stalingrad steel wire plant. From 1963 to 1965, he was a foreman of fitters in the repair and construction department No. 3. From 1965 to 1984, he worked as a process pump operator at the Volgograd Oil Depot.

In 1984 he retired. Worked in the regional Council of Veterans. He lived in the hero city of Volgograd, where he died on April 22, 2006. Buried in the cemetery Krasnoarmeisky district city ​​of Volgograd.

Awarded the Order of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders Patriotic War I degree, medals "For the victory over Germany", "For the capture of Budapest", "For the capture of Vienna" and others.

The Hero's name is placed on memorial plaque installed on the building of the Volgograd regional committee of DOSAAF.

• Teacher. folk teacher Russian Federation (2005).
• Member of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. In 1943 he was drafted into the army, sent to Pushkin tank school, but according to a personal statement he went to the front, was wounded. Participated in the capture of Berlin. In 1950 he was demobilized. Worked as a welder. Graduated evening department Faculty of Geography of the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute named after A.I. Herzen.
• Gave about fifty years public education, thirty of which was the permanent director of school number 387 of the Kirov district of Leningrad - Petersburg (now - a lyceum - bears his name). Beloved teacher and principal remembered by thousands of students.
• He was the first among educators to be awarded the Order of Honor (1995). He was also awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree. In 1997 he was awarded the title "Teacher of the Year of Russia" in the nomination "Honor and Dignity".
• He tragically died on December 19, 2007. In the evening, on the way home from school, he became ill. He lay on the path for about thirteen hours, none of the passing people (non-humans) helped him, documents were stolen from his pockets, Bank card, money and mobile phone. He died in the ambulance this morning from hypothermia.
• He was buried at the Serafimovsky cemetery.

In the spring of 1983, the premiere of the play "Choice" based on the novel by Y. Bondarev took place. The role of the big boss in the Union of Artists Oleg Kolitsyn was played by N.S. Belousov. His hero was fit, masculinely charming, and absolutely prosperous. He just flaunted life! Once a talented artist himself, he exchanged the pains of creativity for money and power, becoming an art official. But the feeling of beauty in the hero of Belousov was not destroyed, somewhere far, far away in his soul a weak, living light flickered. Under the guise of arrogance, drunkenness, Kolitzin-Belousov said how bad he was, how he sees what he is worth, how imperceptibly he himself became a hostage of profit, betrayed himself. N.S. Belousov played this small role with pain, in detail, with great inner feeling. The actor lived the fate of Kolitsyn very personally, as if reconsidering his own life. “It seems to me,” he said, “what is coming for me new period in life, in work, I seemed to have woken up, as if I was being born again!
A few months later he was gone...
The fate of Nikolai Stepanovich Belousov is truly legendary. He was born in the first year of the new government - June 21, 1918 in the village of Stepan Razin, Astrakhan province in large family. When Nikolai was 15 years old, the family moved to live in Stalingrad. But this move turned out to be not joyful: his father gets hit by a car and dies, and his mother soon becomes disabled.
Nikolai Belousov enters a teacher's institute and at the same time begins to study in the drama group of the House of Culture at the Barrikady factory. Head of the team B.L. Aglintsev at rehearsals spoke not so much about plays and roles, but about life, about what is happening around. The influence of the teacher on Belousov was enormous. He managed to play Meluzov in "Talents and Admirers" by A.N. Ostrovsky, rehearsed the role of Yarovoy, was fond of Gusev's Glory, which he knew by heart.
The young man could no longer help but dream of working in the theater. Nature gave everything to Belousov: a slender figure, good height, posture, a beautiful, expressive face, a sonorous voice rich in nuances.
But in 1939 N.S. Belousov was drafted into the army. In the summer of 1941, his part was on the very border, in Brest Fortress. He liked to serve, he liked both the soldier's dashing appearance and dashing songs. Jealousy in the service did not extinguish the love of the stage. All free time spent Nikolai in the club, was the leader of the regimental amateur performances, even staged a play - Gusev's favorite "Glory". On the advice of Commissioner N.R. Artamonov himself repeatedly spoke to the personnel of the regiment with poems by V. Mayakovsky, M. Svetlov, E. Bagritsky, V. Gusev. Behind him, like a seal, the nickname "Kolka-artist" stuck.
That Saturday evening in June was no different from other Saturday evenings in the fortress. It was just a birthday, and the soldier was in a great mood. After watching a new picture in the club, the soldiers dispersed in formation to the barracks with songs. Nikolai went to the library, which he was in charge of, to read at night, and fell asleep.
They started bombing at 4:15, they bombed terribly ... Nikolai Belousov fought for five bloody days under the command of Senior Lieutenant V.I. Bytko together with his comrades in one of the most dangerous areas of defense. Didn't eat, didn't drink - the thought didn't even cross my mind. “We beat the Nazis for everything,” recalled N.S. Belousov - for violated personal plans, for calm ones, bright days June, for the broken silence, for the killed comrades.
With every hour there were fewer and fewer fighters, break through the blockade and break out big group was impossible. The most difficult was ignorance: where are ours, when help comes. And the commander orders three fighters (including Nikolai Belousov) to cross the Mukhavets River under cover of night, cross the front line to his own and report on the situation in the fortress. The crossing went well, and an enemy ambush awaited them on the shore. They were knocked down with rifle butts, beaten mercilessly... “What were we thinking about these days? - Belousov shared his memories of those times. - Did we have fear? No need to prevaricate: there was fear, and despair, and anger. But worse than beatings, excruciating pain was the consciousness that you were captured.
First N.S. Belousov was sent to a prisoner of war camp near Biala Podlaska. Then there was another camp, near Krakow - Kobezhin. For some time, Belousov was between life and death, but youth and the will to live took their toll. Together with a friend Yuri Lysov, they decide to escape. The Poles help them overcome difficulties. They had already passed Warsaw when, on the way to Bialystok, they were seized by the field gendarmerie and imprisoned in Warsaw. The conditions were unbearably difficult. Nikolai Belousov was again saved by creativity: the doors of the barracks or cells were slammed, the prisoners were left alone, exhausted, they eagerly listened to the thick, expressive Belousov voice that read Pushkin, Lermontov, Mayakovsky.
In the summer of 1944, when the prisoners were transferred to the Visic prison near Krakow, N.S. Belousov decides on a new escape, this time successful. On the way, a new test awaited him - checking documents, which, of course, were not there. In search of a way out, Nikolai goes out into the vestibule - the door is locked, only, after looking out the window, is a Polish policeman standing. Belousov went up to him, stood next to him, like the other, and began to look out the window. The military rank, having gone out into the vestibule, saw only two backs, two friends, thinking about something, and did not bother them ...
And finally, the bridge behind which our fighters. “I yell something and run to them, to my relatives, to my Soviet ones,” Belousov wrote. “They wave their hands and also shout something. I can't hear, I'm flying like on wings. Embraced. I ask: what did they shout, what did they wave? It turns out they were shouting: the bridge is mined, back! And he is not mined. This, then, I personally checked when I ran.
From September 1944 N.S. Belousov in the army, began to fight, to dream of victory. This time he came to Warsaw as a liberator. Participated in the battles for the capture of Schneidemuhl, Stetin, Berlin. Finished the war on the Elbe. Transferred to the reserve in 1946.
After the demobilization of N.S. Belousov returned to Astrakhan, where his brother Alexander was dying. Spent many days in bed native person Nikolay, recalled with him his childhood, the Volga, relatives, friends, he knew he had to make his brother want to live. And Sasha recovered! And this time, Nikolai, together with his brother, withstood another mortal combat for a life!
Nikolai Stepanovich until his death was an example of amazing vitality, optimism, Have a good mood. Always fit, slender, with a smile on his face, he embodied life in all its strength. If he met a sour face, he said:
“You are a young man, straighten up! Rejoice! Life is so wonderful!
So, Astrakhan. The dream of the theater continued to torment Belousov. He was 28 years old, it was too late to study, but with his characteristic aspiration he went to the chief director of the theater K.A. Vedernikov, appeared and was accepted into the troupe. "Actor of the third category" - these words sounded like music to him. He began to practice acting skills in the evening studio at the theater, where Vedernikov taught first, then L.S. Samborskaya. In the theater played small characteristic roles. N.S. was especially successful. Belousov the role of Grigory, Turusina's man in the play “Enough Stupidity for Every Wise Man” by A.N. Ostrovsky. He came up with a special characteristic of the "paraplegic footman", who only reported to the lady about the visitors. His "chelaek" was on his mind, familiarly servile and full of contempt at the same time for the hostess and her guests. Comrades told Belousov that even his back was playing.
He worked for seven years in Astrakhan, then one season in Kaluga, then in 1954 he moved to Orel. In Orel in the Drama Theater. I.S. Turgenev for 12 years, the actor played more than 60 roles. Favorite of them - Don Carlos in the tragedy of the same name by Schiller, Peter in "Petty Bourgeois" by M, Gorky, sailor Rybakov in "Kremlin Chimes" by N. Pogodin, Arkady in "Fortress Actors" by N. Leskov, Leont in " winter fairy tale» Shakespeare, Sergey in A. Arbuzov's Irkutsk History, Andrey Belugin in A.N. Ostrovsky and N.Ya. Solovyov. With special feeling, Belousov played Captain Gromov in the play by S.S. Smironov "People I saw". Gromov is a man of acute conscience, a patriot, a brave and steadfast man. Its prototype is a battalion commander from the Brest Fortress.
Heroic roles belonged to N.S. Belousov by right. For them, he had both temperament and spiritual depth. But the actor himself has always dreamed of roles that give more possibilities get away from yourself, your gestures, postures, intonations.
N.S. played with great pleasure. Belousov Vasily Terkin staged poem of the same name A. Tvardovsky. In an effort to find in the hero of Tvardovsky traits close, consonant with his own character, he strove to be Terkin, sometimes cordial, sometimes funny, a Russian miracle man.
In Orel in 1965, N.S. Belousov was awarded honorary title"People's Artist of the RSFSR".
Since 1967, the fate of the artist is connected with Tula. He plays a lot and fruitfully. His creative range is wide: from Makar Nagulnov in “Virgin Soil Upturned” by M. Sholokhov to the old roofer Chmutin in “Retro” by A. Galin, from divisional commander Gulevoy in “Cavalry” by I. Babel to Prince Ivan Shuisky in “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich” A .TO. Tolstoy and Yakovlev in M. Gorky's "Fake Coin". A great place in the work of N.S. Belousova was engaged in concert activity. He prepared several programs: "Heroic Years", "Poetry and Prose different years”, “Dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the USSR ...”, etc.
N.S. Belousov loved the stage, and the stage was his life. Nikolai Stepanovich was an actor in a rare romantic-heroic repertoire. Very often Belousov was asked about his favorite role. And he always answered: “I have never thought about this question. Because my favorite role is Makar Nagulnov in the staging of "Virgin Soil Upturned" by M. Sholokhov. Makar Nagulnov is snatched from reality itself. I saw similar people in my childhood in the village of Stepan Razin. To discover the best in people, to awaken kindness or protest - this, in my opinion, is the main purpose of an actor.
In Tula, the talent of N.S. Belousova reached a mature skill, was distinguished by a deep comprehension of images, their vivid embodiment. He lived earnestly and passionately, as if afraid to miss something, not to be in time for something ...
November 24, 1983 during a concert given by N.S. Belousov in Tula region, he suffered a sudden death. He was 65 years old.
The roles of the artist have become history, just as the life of N.S. has become a legend. Belousov, People's Artist of Russia, defender of the Brest Fortress, holder of the Order of the Red Star and four medals - "For Courage", "For the Liberation of Warsaw", "For the Capture of Berlin", "For the Victory over Germany".

Let's not exaggerate, like wood construction material love in Russia. But at the same time, when there is a desire to build a wooden house, few people are in a hurry to turn to an architect. And in the construction of public buildings, the use of wood in its own way is taboo. ARCHiPEOPLE and Biofa together with a recognized master wooden architecture Nikolai Belousov tried to figure out what the root of these problems is.

10.03.2016, 11:49 |

• Biofa: new wooden
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• Architects
  • Alexey Rozenberg about Malevich's spatial codes, suburban construction and life on the verge of danger
  • "Night of the Long Buckets" as a Syndrome in a False Choice Situation.
  • Nikolay Belousov about difficult fate wooden architecture in Russia
  • Preserve, Recreate, Develop: Anna Medleva on the Future of VDNKh
  • Sergey Trukhanov: "Lessons of Survival for Young Architects"
  • Oleg Carlson: we design according to the "Stanislavsky system"

Lyudmila Malkis (L.M.) When it comes to wooden architecture, Kolya is one of the first to remember you and Totan Kuzembaev. And what is happening with wooden architecture in Russia now?

Nikolai Belousov (N.B.) Unfortunately, our ideas about wooden architecture are reduced to the image of a small log house in a garden plot. Which burns, and all! In the minds of compatriots, the opinion has taken root that a wooden house is just a short-lived temporary building. As for the good news, it can be noted that in Moscow, at least, they are starting to use wood in the improvement of territories, in the creation of pavilions. In such a "crooked" way, this material enters our lives. The fact that wood has long been in the main architectural trends in the world is still absolutely beyond our understanding.

In Europe, glued beams are actively produced and used, and we have only one plant left, which hardly survives, since there is no sales market. The Germans just recently dug out a log cabin near Leipzig, which is 8,000 years old. Imagine how long a person uses wood in construction! And now, for 25 recent years the same material, acquiring new design features, is gaining popularity. I know very well the architects and ideologists of wooden architecture from Austria. Knowledge and experience allow them to build multi-storey wooden houses. In Austria, there is a law according to which all new kindergartens, schools, retirement homes, municipal housing must and can be built from wood. Having met Werner Nussmüller, who is an important specialist in modern opportunities use of wood, I was surprised that in the small city of Graz he deployed a whole research center based on his office. And his research is really resonating.

L.M. Is he the only one?

N.B. Practically. The Austrians are now selling their technology all over the world. They can even make wooden panel elevator shafts. So everything is calculated and debugged: both in terms of structural stability, and in terms of sound insulation, and in terms of fire safety. State institutions contribute to the development of wooden architecture, because numerous studies prove the benefits of wood as a material - it is better to live and work in houses made of it. Again, this technology is much cheaper, which is why it is readily used in municipal residential buildings.

They say cutting down trees is bad. But during the existence wooden house more trees will grow than those of which it is built. When we take sand, clay or limestone, we do not think that they will never again appear on Earth. The non-renewability of these materials strikes me as infinitely tragic. The planet had to go through billions of years of development so that we could take a couple of shovels of clay. Wood is the only material that allows us to take care of the planet.

Marina Vyazankina (M.V.) In this sense, we are your supporters, because our paints are also made from renewable materials.

Andrey Kanovka (A.K.) If wooden architecture is taking off in Europe, then in Russia it faces obstacles created by official structures? I understand that wooden buildings, namely public ones, are banned because of their alleged flammability. It seems that no one knows anything about special wood processing or fire-resistant finishing materials.

N.B. Russia goes its own way, but here we are not talking about obstacles, but about the absence of any reflection on this topic. A film crew came to my factory in Galich, everyone was busy at the production site, there was a lot of noise - axes, planers, chainsaws ... The recording began with my words: “You see, we are sawing and chopping here in unison with the whole country.” Everyone laughed, but the camera was immediately turned off. You understand, we are dealing with people who have completely different tasks and goals ...

L.M. I don't think there are any enemies hindering the development of wooden architecture. There is definitely an informational, conceptual vacuum; proper research is not being carried out. There are not enough people and public institutions that popularize this topic.

N.B. In the USSR, many buildings with large-span wooden structures were built, mainly sports facilities. When, in the late 1990s, a water park was being built on Aminevsky Highway, they collectively decided that wooden structures could not be used in it. In aquapark! It's not even concert hall. True, now the case has moved from a dead point. Tchoban recently built a watersports palace in Kazan with glued-laminated timber floors.

L.M. Wooden floors - some common place, a negative idea has developed about them in the minds of the consumer, tk. realtors in unison do not recommend buying apartments in such houses ... Surprisingly, this information is not taken critically. Delusional statements are taken on faith and take root in the mind.Nikolai, are there any ways to recreate the “new wooden” trend in Russia?

N.B. Of course, wooden architecture in Russia has a chance to develop. Nikolai Malinin, for example, has been holding the Archiwood award for many years now. This is a deeply private initiative based on the desire to present the topic of wooden architecture to a wide range of people. More and more projects are submitted every year for the award by architects and designers from all over the country.

True, problems still remain. It was interesting when the son of Werner Nussmuller brought a delegation to ARCH Moscow a couple of years ago, consisting of the Minister of Foreign Trade of Austria, the president of the Austrian Union of Architects and other officials, as well as representatives of companies related to wooden housing construction. The Ambassador of Austria gave a splendid reception. And then it suddenly became clear that besides Totan Kuzembaev and me, they had no one else to talk to ...

Maria Pashkova (M.P.) Previously, after all, Russian wooden architecture was very developed. Why is it forgotten now?

N.B. But it was in a completely different country! It was completely different people!

M.V. After all, traditions are not completely lost. Of course, they are difficult to restore. When I started my business, they laughed at me: at exhibitions, visitors came to my stand and at the word “oils” they joked that “oils for wood processing are probably added to salads.” But now the culture of the correct use of oils has developed, consumers and manufacturers are beginning to understand how to work with wood correctly.

N.B. In 2000, I bought an abandoned machine and tractor station in Galich, bought up all the land that was around, fenced everything, installed surveillance cameras everywhere, the men breathed into a tube every morning before work - and everything worked just perfect! And this is in the center of the district, whose population a hundred years ago was 250 thousand people, and now - about seven thousand. Imagine! So many villages and lands abandoned. It's scary to think... Thank God, I have two or three customers a year in Moscow. Unfortunately, I have no business with other cities. The Association of Wooden Housing Construction conducted a study of the private architecture market two years ago, it turned out that in Moscow, St. more for projects of wooden houses.

L.M. not enough good examples that would stimulate the private and state. the customer to contact architects for projects of wooden houses. The culture of living in such houses is lost ...

M.P. You, Nikolai, do not want to make more accessible projects that can serve as such examples?

N.B. My factory never brought big money. And it has always been more interesting for me to invest the earned money in a new machine or timber truck. On the other hand, I have projects of typical wooden houses. Everyone is interested in them, but they are sold poorly. Basically, my customers buy them as something additional. Apparently, the fact is that I like being an architect, creating, not selling. And, of course, I love participating in events dedicated to wooden architecture, such as the Drevolution festival held in the summer of 2015 in St. Petersburg. The jury consisted mainly of Moscow architects with similar experience. Tool manufacturer Festool provided each team, and there were 11 of them, with a set of their expensive products. And all this was not in vain, three objects remained in the Tauride Garden, the rest also found their place. The event was not even advertised! There was a message about him only on the website of the Association of Wooden Housing. However, 150 entries were submitted and 73 people came to the festival.

L.M. Tell us, by the way, about the project of the wooden "tower" that you are designing. Are you planning to build it?

N.B. So far, we are only designing it with a group of students at MARCH. And for the construction, a customer must appear. To big goal you have to take small steps. I tell students: don't be afraid to fall, you just have to go - when you go, you fall only forward. Here I go laughs).

A.K. Is there still a demand for wooden housing construction despite all the difficulties?

N.B. There is, due to a certain cheapness and speed of construction. They bring the structure, assemble it - you can live. But there are customers who want exactly architecture, an unusual project, a house made of natural wood, and who are ready to pay for it. At the same time, practice shows that a house-kit is not cheaper than a specially designed one.

L.M. Nikolai, how do you work with customers? I know that you do not allow any edits to the project. On the sheet is only your signature and no "handwriting" from the customer in the margins.

N.B. Quite right, I don't. But we, of course, discuss ideas, look at analogues. Now we have finished a house with an area of ​​1800 sq.m. Just a house-city, chopped from cedar. They brought me a project of some American house and asked me to build the same one. Yes, I won’t show this house to anyone, but the plant shouldn’t stand still, there should be work. The house turned out to be solid, people live in it and are happy.

M.P. Up to what stage do you support your projects?

N.B. From the beginning to the end. At some sites, we even make our own interiors.

M.P. We are faced with situations where customers build houses, spending a lot of money, but they are trying to save money in finishing and subsequent operation.

N.B. I am fully aware of the responsibility for the built houses, and customers listen to my advice and recommendations. If I say, for example, how to paint a house, that's how they paint. By the way, I like to look for colors myself, to mix paints on my own.

M.V. At Biofa we will be happy to help you with this. Why do you specialize in wooden architecture? Where did you learn this?

N.B. I do this because in our family from generation to generation they do only what they themselves want. I grew up in a wooden dacha, and at all sawmills I was insanely excited by the smell of wood, the texture of this material. While studying at the architectural institute, I went on research expeditions to the North to measure the monuments of wooden architecture. Working with wood was the obvious and only choice for me.

Afterword. FIRE RESISTANT OF WOOD IS OFFICIALLY CONFIRMED.

In June 2016 at TsNIISK them. V.A. Kucherenko, for the first time in 40 years, tested the fire resistance of a glued beam made of wood, intended for use in wooden housing construction. The data obtained are the basis for introducing changes recommended by the Minister of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation Denis Manturov to the design standards for buildings over three floors using new wood materials.

The results of the study, carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 30247.1-94 *, showed that the limit state for the loss of the bearing capacity of the sample under a concentrated load of 2 tons was not reached even after an hour and a half of fire exposure. These strength indicators significantly exceeded those of metal and reinforced concrete.

“Everyone has long understood that massive glued structures are safer in fire than metal and reinforced concrete, but so far there have been no documents confirming this. GOOD WOOD Corporation has tested both for itself and for the industry as a whole!” - commented the head of the laboratory of wooden structures TsNIISK them. V.A. Kucherenko Alexander Alekseevich Pogoreltsev.

Indeed, over the years, the reliability and safety of wooden buildings has been questioned, which limited the volume of low-rise housing construction, and there could be no talk of high-rise buildings. Preference was given to metal and reinforced concrete to the detriment of their environmental friendliness and aesthetics.

pioneer in this direction became the GOOD WOOD company, carrying out the construction of a six-story office building made of wood - Good Wood Plaza. In order to make the construction possible, the company conducted tests of glued wooden structures for fire resistance and made all necessary adjustments to the project to comply with fire safety standards.

“We have been building our Good Wood Plaza business center for a year already,” says Alexander Dubovenko, Managing Partner of GOOD WOOD Corporation. - When we started, firemen of all levels laughed at us. They said that it was impossible to build a six-story wooden building. Nevertheless, we decided to fight to the end - to conduct all fire tests, to make all the necessary calculations. To destroy the stereotype that it is impossible to surpass all conceivable and unimaginable fire safety standards. I am very glad that such a triumphant victory of engineered wood over concrete and metal coincided with the government’s instruction to urgently begin the development of wooden housing construction, both low-rise and high-rise.”

* GOST 30247.1-94 “Building structures. Test methods for fire resistance. Load-bearing and enclosing structures»

Test videos:

https://goo.gl/pmGbNf - Head of the Laboratory of Wooden Structures, TsNIISK named after V.I. V.A. Kucherenko A.A. Pogoreltsev talks about strict standards Russian legislation and the lack of an evidence base is obviously more high degree fire resistance of wooden glued structures in front of metal and reinforced concrete.

https://goo.gl/UKCULr - demonstration of samples before and after testing.

https://goo.gl/20qwUA - search for explanations of the reasons for the non-ignition of the beam. New method for testing fire resistance - sensational results.

Official site of the architectural studio of Nikolai Belousov.

Official site of the OBLO project.

Official website of the representative office of Biofa in Russia.

Photos: Alexander Plakhin; Architectural workshop of Nikolai Belousov.

Thanks to Quantum Studio for helping us organize the interview.

The following took part in the conversation:

Lyudmila Malkis, Andrey Kanovka (ARCHiPEOPLE),

Marina Vyazankina, CEO representative offices of Biofa in Russia,

Maria Pashkova, Leading Specialist for Working with Designers, Architects, Builders of the Biofa Representative Office in Russia.

The authors of the article would like to thank Biofa and personally Marina Vyazankina for their help in creating it. Biofa supports the principles of social responsibility, and also promotes the popularization of humanitarian and technical knowledge regarding architecture and design. Biofa is committed to supporting architects, industrial designers, sculptors, decorators and journalists in their social work.

Professor of the Department of Impulse Devices and Automatic Rotary Lines of the Baltic state university since 1986; was born on December 24, 1917 in the village of Gladyshevo Vladimir region; graduated from the Leningrad Polytechnical Institute in 1940, Dr. technical sciences, professor, honorary member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; 1940-1941 - employee of the Central Laboratory of the Kirov Plant; 1945 - an employee of the foundry shop of the Uralmashzavod in Sverdlovsk; 1945-1950 - head of the laboratory of non-ferrous alloys of the Zvezda plant; 1950-1986 - senior engineer, head of the laboratory of the Central Research Institute of Materials; developed and introduced into production autoclave casting methods, injection molding; awarded the order for participation in the preparation of the first manned flight into space.

• - GE Nikolai Nikolaevich, Russian. artist. In 1857 he graduated from the Academy of Arts, participated in the organization of the T-va traveling artists. exhibitions. In 1852, in the manner of K. P. Bryullov, he executed a small painting based on the plot of the poem "Hadji Abrek" ...

  Lermontov Encyclopedia

• -, Russian painter. He studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts under P. V. Basin; pensioner of the Academy of Arts in Italy, worked in Rome and Florence...

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• - also Nikolai Nikolaevich, grandson of Nicholas I, Grand Duke, adjutant general, cavalry general ...

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• - 1. - Russian. led. prince, third son of the emperor. Nicholas I, adjutant general, field marshal general. Got a military upbringing. He began his service in 1851 in the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment, from 1852 he commanded a guards brigade. cavalry...

  Soviet historical encyclopedia

• - Genus. 189, mind. after 1966. Journalist, poet. Since 1920 in exile. He was the editor of the artistic and literary weekly "Far Eastern Light", collaborated in the Russian newspapers of China "Russian voice", "...
• - MP State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the third convocation since December 1999, deputy chairman of the deputy group "People's Deputy", member of the Budget Committee ...

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• - Rector of the Irkutsk Regional Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Managers and Specialists of the Agroindustrial Complex; born April 18, 1939, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences...

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• - Citizenship topographic engineer. In 1870 he worked in the Sushchevskaya part, in 1875 he carried out projects for buildings in the possession of P. Korchagin on 3rd Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street. Source: TsANTDM, Exist., 128...

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• - Professor legal sciences in the Nizhyn Gymnasium of Higher Sciences of Prince Bezborodko; genus. April 24, 1799 in Kyiv...

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• - fighter pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, lieutenant. Member of the Great Patriotic War since March 1943. Fought in the 193 IAP, was a flight commander ...

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• - Honorary Member RANS since 1996; was born on September 10, 1913 in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur; graduated from the Moscow architectural institute in 1939; participant of the Great Patriotic War; doctor of architecture...

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• - Ge, Nikolai Nikolaevich - a famous Russian painter. Born February 15, 1831 in Voronezh. The Ge family is from France; Ge's great-grandfather emigrated to Russia at the end of the 18th century. and settled in Moscow. Ge's father was a landowner...

  Biographical Dictionary

• - one of the most original in the direction of Russian painters, born. 1831 He was brought up in a gymnasium in Kyiv, then he entered Kyiv University, and from there he moved to St. Petersburg ...

  encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron

• - Russian painter. He studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts under P.V. Basin. Pensioner of the Academy of Arts in Italy. In 1857-59 he worked in Rome, in 1860-69 in Florence. He lived in St. Petersburg and on a farm in the Chernigov province ...
• - I Nikolai Nikolaevich, Russian Grand Duke, third son of Emperor Nicholas I, adjutant general, field marshal general ...

  Big Soviet Encyclopedia

• - Russian painter. One of the founders of the Association of Wanderers. Psychological portraits, historical paintings, expressive, dramatic compositions on religious and ethical themes...

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"Belousov, Nikolai Nikolaevich" in books

Nikolai Nikolaevich

From the book Rasputin and the Jews. Memories personal secretary Grigory Rasputin [with photos] the author Simanovich Aron

Nikolay Nikolaevich For bloody Sunday January 9, 1905 Nicholas II received the nickname "Bloody". He didn't deserve it. He was a weak, spineless man, and his whole life was confused, without a plan. It all depended on who this moment was near the king and had on

Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge

From the book of memories author

Nikolai Nikolayevich Ge I The first time I saw Nikolai Nikolayevich Ge was in our house in Moscow in 1882. I had just passed eighteen years of age. I remember how, after returning from the skating rink, with skates in hand, I went to my father’s office and on the way I learned from someone at home that

Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge

From the book of memories author Sukhotina-Tolstaya Tatyana Lvovna

Nikolay Nikolaevich Ge 1 L. N. Tolstoy met N. N. Ge in Rome, in January 1861, however, having returned to Russia, he did not communicate with him until March 8, 1882, when he visited him in Moscow. From that time on, they were bound by a deep friendship that lasted until Ge's death (1894). Tolstoy high

Nikolai Nikolaevich

From the book Rasputin and the Jews the author Simanovich Aron

Nikolai Nikolaevich For Bloody Sunday on January 9, 1905, Nicholas II received the nickname "Bloody". He did not deserve it. He was a weak, spineless man, and his whole life was confused, without a plan. Everything depended on who was at the moment near the king and had

Nikolai Nikolaevich

From the book The Fall of the Tsarist Regime. Volume 7 author Schegolev Pavel Eliseevich

Nikolai Nikolaevich NIKOLAI NIKOLAEVICH (1856), general-adjutant, general-off-cavalry officer, guards. cav., top. commander-in-chief. 1914-1915, honorary member Nick. eng. and Nick. military acad. Russian military ist. ob-va, grandson of imp. Nick. I, son of book. Nick. Nick. senior (1831-1891) and Alex. Peter. (in monastic Anastasia), ur. prince. Oldenburg (1838-1900),

Belousov Nikolai Petrovich

From book Soviet aces. Essays on Soviet pilots author Bodrikhin Nikolay Georgievich

Belousov Nikolai Petrovich Born on May 3, 1923 in the village of Dubovy Ovrag, now the Volgograd Region. After graduating from the seven-year plan and the flying club, he was sent to the Batay military aviation school, then to the Rustavi military aviation school, from which he graduated in 1942. At the front with

Grand Dukes Nikolai Nikolaevich and Mikhail Nikolaevich

From the book The First Defense of Sevastopol 1854–1855 "Russian Troy" author Dubrovin Nikolay Fedorovich

Grand Dukes Nikolai Nikolaevich and Mikhail Nikolaevich In October 1854, Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich sent his two sons to Sevastopol so that they would share the military labors and dangers with the troops. Grand Dukes Nikolai Nikolaevich and Mikhail Nikolaevich participated in

NIKOLAI NIKOLAEVICH GE

From the book of 100 great artists author Samin Dmitry

NIKOLAY NIKOLAEVICH GE (1831–1894) “A picture is not a word,” Ge said. “She gives one minute, and in this minute everything should be, but no, there is no picture.” Ge's work is imbued with a passionate protest against oppression and suppression human personality. The image of a suffering man

Nikolai Nikolaevich

From the book All Masterpieces of World Literature in summary. Plots and characters. Russian literature of the XX century the author Novikov V I

Nikolai Nikolaevich Tale (1970) Former pickpocket Nikolai Nikolaevich tells the story of his life to a silent interlocutor over a bottle. He was released at the age of nineteen, immediately after the war. My aunt prescribed it in Moscow. Nikolai Nikolaevich did not work anywhere - he smoked

Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge

From the book Aphorisms author Ermishin Oleg

Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge (1831-1894) artist A work of art is the most the highest work human spirit; it gives life, it perfects

Nikolai Nikolaevich

From the book Encyclopedic Dictionary (N-O) author Brockhaus F. A.

Nikolai Nikolaevich Nikolai Nikolaevich (before the death of his father - N. N. Junior) - the Grand Duke, the eldest son of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich the Elder, was born on November 6, 1866. He graduated from the course at the Nikolaev Academy general staff; then enlisted

Nikolai Belousov (Imobilco) about the e-book market Mikhail Karpov

From the book Computerra Digital Magazine No. 26 author Computerra magazine

Nikolay Belousov (Imobilco) about the market e-books Mikhail Karpov Published on July 21, 2010 Representatives of the world's largest online store Amazon announced that sales of e-books on amazon.com exceeded sales paper books in solid

BELOUSOV Nikolay Ivanovich

From the book I fought on a bomber [“We bombed all the objects to the ground”] author Drabkin Artem Vladimirovich

BELOUSOV Nikolai Ivanovich I was born near the Kistendey station of the Orkadak district of the Saratov region on October 14, 1918. Soon the family moved to the regional town of Rtishchev. Father is a hereditary shoemaker. During the war, when he was paid for his work not in money, but in products,

Belousov Nikolay Ivanovich

From the author's book

Belousov Nikolai Ivanovich (Interview with Artem Drabkin) I was born near the Kistendey station of the Orkadak district of the Saratov region on October 14, 1918. Soon the family moved to the regional town of Rtishchev. Father is a hereditary shoemaker. During the war, when he was not paid for his work

Belousov Nikolay Ivanovich

From the book Rise, 2015 No. 05 Special issue of the author

Belousov Nikolai Ivanovich During the war, he completed 184 sorties, including two - on Far East.- I ended up in the 455th long-range bomber regiment, which was based near Novgorod in Krechevitsy. Literally two weeks before the war, the regiment flew to a field airfield 100 km away.