How many Russian-language schools are in France. A few words about higher education in France

Children go to kindergarten at the age of three, where they spend three years in different groups: first in junior group, then in the middle, and after in senior group. Classes in the French kindergarten begin at nine o'clock and end at half past five in the evening. Kids, as in Russia, perform various crafts, learn to handle glue and scissors, draw, paint and sculpt from clay, as well as sing and dance. In some kindergartens, children are taught the basics of working with a computer. In the younger and middle groups quiet time after lunch. In the older group, children learn to read and write.

Primary School (L'ecole Primaire)

At the age of six, children go to primary school. The first year of study at this school is called C.P. (from French - le cours preparatoire - preparatory Course). At the end of this year, children should be able to read and write. After the preparatory class, there are 4 following: C.E.1 (cours elementaire 1 - elementary course 1), C.E.2 (cours elementaire 2 - elementary course 2), C.M.1 (cours moyen 1 - elementary course 1), C.M.1 (cours moyen 2 - elementary course 2). The school week is five days, but children do not study on Wednesdays and Sundays. However, now many schools are switching to a four-day school week: there are no classes on Wednesdays, Saturdays and Sundays. From Monday to Friday classes last from nine to sixteen-thirty, on Saturday - from nine o'clock to noon. Many children go to the group extended day, which in France is called la garderie. Unlike Russian group extended day, the French begins its work in the morning, before the start of classes, at 8 am and continues its work after class, until half past six in the evening.

College (Le College)

The first class of college is already the sixth year of study. Students enter college after elementary school at the age of 11 and spend 4 years there: in the sixth, fifth, fourth and third grade. Unlike the Russian system, where classes go up, French students move to a smaller class during their studies. In the sixth grade, the student must choose a foreign language for study: usually it is English, but it can also be German or Spanish. In the fourth grade, a second foreign language is chosen. Here the choice is wider: English, German, Spanish, Italian or Russian. From the sixth to the third grade, classes run all week except Saturday and Sunday. The lunch break lasts an hour and a half - from noon to half past one. Classes begin at eight o'clock and end at half past four, except Wednesdays, when classes end at noon. In addition to foreign languages, mathematics is studied at the college, French, history-geography (this is one subject in the French system of education), chemistry, physics, natural science, there are classes in physical education and music, labor, fine arts, jurisprudence, and sometimes in Latin. During the week between classes, students have a few free hours during which they must stay at school and spend this time in a special classroom under the supervision of a teacher, doing homework. In addition to this work, French students do part of their homework in the evenings, after college. At the end of college, in the third grade, everyone takes an exam called le Brevet des colleges. The student leaves college at the age of fifteen and a half to sixteen.

Lyceum

After college, French students go to college, where their schooling ends. In the lyceum, education lasts three years - in the second, first and terminal (last) grade. Classes begin at eight o'clock and usually end at half past five in the evening. In the second grade, they study the same subjects as in college, with the exception of music, visual arts, law and labor. Optionally, you can choose a third foreign language to study.
In the first grade, you must choose a general specialization: the direction of literature, scientific direction, economic or direction in the field of service and non-production sphere. You can choose a narrower direction: for example, medical, acting or hotel business. At the end of the first grade, students take a French exam and grades for this exam are summed up with the grades obtained by the student in the last terminal class; all grades will be displayed in the final diploma at the end of the lyceum. At the end of their studies in the terminal class, students take a bac (le bac) - an exam in their chosen specialty. AT last class philosophy is added to the existing subjects. average rating for a tank, which students receive, 10 or more points out of 20.

University (L'Universite)

If a French student passes the tank on the first try, he enters the university at the age of 18. entrance exams in french universities not provided. Based on the results of the bak, you can choose a university and apply there. Usually, students do not have classes every day. There are weeks when students go to couples for no more than 3-4 days. The subject that is chosen by the student as the main one usually takes up most of the time in training. Thus, students studying at the university English language, do it for about 18 hours a week (it depends on the university). Almost all students who do not receive a scholarship work to pay for their education. Previously, there were 5 types of diplomas in the French education system: le D.E.U.G., le diplome d'etudes universitaires generales (it was received after 2 years of study at the university after receiving a tank), la License (3 years of study), la Maitrise (4 years of study), le D.E.A. (Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies) or le D.E.S.S. (Diplome d'Etudes Superieures Specialisees) after five years of study, and le Doctorat (8 years of study). Now in France there is a new European system and there are only three diplomas, they are called L.M.D. (on capital letters titles of diplomas): la License (3 years of study after the tank), le Master (5 years of study) and le Doctorat (8 years of study).

School education in France is considered one of the best in the European Union. If earlier Russians were rarely interested in the issue of obtaining a secondary French education, now for many it has become relevant. In a prosperous European country hundreds of Russian families move every year. In order not to interrupt the education of children, they are sent to French educational institutions.

Having received a kindergarten base, children in the future easily get used to school. Moreover, on the basis of the "mother school" they receive the basis of preparation for writing and the basics of teaching the language.

In kindergartens, kids are divided into 3-4 groups of educational cycles. The GS level is two primary classes secondary school.

Ecole élémentaire - the beginning of the educational process

The first steps in elementary school also begin with the preparation of children. Six-year-olds enter the SR - a preparatory course. Up to 11 years of age, education goes in 7 areas:

1. Artistic.
2. Mathematical.
3. Native language.
4. Native speech.
5. Knowledge of the world.
6. Life together.

In addition to education as such, children are taught social literacy, which allows them to adapt in the future in a multinational society and start a family.

After the first preparatory year, children go through several stages: from Cours élémentaire to Cours moyen 2, each subsequent stage is more difficult than the previous one.

As a result, at the age of 11 they are ready to switch to next level with a more complicated program - college. After 5 classes of primary school, children move on to the level of secondary education.

French college

This stage takes 4 years. As a result, students receive a brevet - a certificate stating that they have received an incomplete secondary education.

This is what a brevet certificate from a French college looks like

The four-year training is divided into 3 stages:

1. Adaptive. In the 6th grade, 11-year-old French people bring together all the knowledge that was gained before college. At this stage, students learn to study independently, choose their first foreign language.
2. The central stage includes 2 years of study in grades 5-4. In the 5th year of study, new subjects are added. Children are invited to study physics and chemistry. Depending on their abilities, students are offered a choice additional items, for example, optional Latin. At the 4th year of study, the child can choose another foreign language. The purpose of this stage is to prepare for the choice of profession. Further education of children depends on the results of this level.
3. Career guidance. The last 3rd grade can be conditionally considered the first stage of adult education. The student gets the opportunity to choose between three directions:

• vocational education;
• technical;
• general.

At this stage, you can start learning ancient Greek. At the end of these stages, the child takes an exam. And, regardless of its results, he goes to the lyceum, where he deepens the skills and knowledge that gives high school in France.

Pay attention to the video: studying at a college in France.

After graduating from the 3rd grade, the student chooses the type of lyceum, depending on the previously determined direction. For Russians, the purpose of French colleges will be clearer if we draw an analogy with domestic education, they are an analogue of our vocational schools, where a person receives a profession.

Lyceum education in France

Education system countries provides 3 types of lyceum education in 2019:

1. Professional.
2. Technological.
3. General.

The first type requires the student to have two more years of training in a particular specialty. After completing 2 courses, a teenager receives two documents: a certificate of professional suitability and a certificate of professional education received.

None of the documents gives the right to continue studying at the university in 2019. To become a student, one should continue the lyceum education and after the third year of study, get a professional bachelor's degree. This became possible after 2005.

Two other types: technological and general, are designed for three years of study. During this period, French youth are educated in a certain direction. Those who chose the general type have a general education.

The bachelor's degree they receive after passing the exams will be general type and allow you to go to university. As a result of studying in technological lyceums, students receive a technological bachelor's degree. It also gives the right to enter a higher educational institution, but only within the framework of the chosen specialization.

A few words about higher education in France

Higher education in the country is provided free of charge. The basis for obtaining it is a lyceum certificate (bachelor's degree) or a foreign diploma with the right to receive a university education.

Various. You can study from 2 to 8 years. At the last stage, the title of doctor is awarded. The most prestigious are the Grandes Écoles - Higher Schools. In order to enroll in them, you must first complete a two-year training at special courses, giving each subject, from the necessary for further education, a lot of time.

Features of French learning

Average academic year in France begins in early September. Some schools, especially private schools, may move September 1 to other dates. Training lasts until July.

Many institutions of secondary education (primary) are closed on Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday. Some conduct lessons on a five-day or six-day period. Most often, the schedule is influenced by the region in which the educational institution operates.

The school week is on average 24 hours long. As a rule, lessons begin at 8.30. They can end at different times, depending on the number of days of training, but no later than 16.30. In this case, two major breaks are provided so that the students can rest and eat.

The lunch break can last one and a half or two hours. Thus, children have a choice: to have lunch in the school cafeteria or go home.

See in the video: the menu in schools in France.

In some regions, if parents do not work, their children are not allowed to eat in kindergarten canteens. To get permission, you need to contact the municipality.

Although public education in the country and free of charge, parents are required to bear the cost of providing their offspring with stationery, as well as pay for excursions organized by the school. Majority educational institutions oblige parents to insure the health and life of their children.

Differences between the French school and the Russian

At first glance, it may seem that schools in all countries are the same. After all, the main value of schools is to educate children, to provide them with necessary knowledge for successful development in life. And it is right. However, the ways in which this knowledge is provided, and the organization educational process in schools in many countries is different. AT this lesson we will consider the differences between Russian and French schools.

Let's start with the fact that in France, as well as in Russia, the academic year begins in September. However, in Russia the academic year always starts on September 1 and ends at the end of May. Academic year in French schools always starts on the first Tuesday of September and ends in July.

French schoolchildren study in trimesters lasting about 3 months each: autumn (September-December), winter (January-March) and spring (April-June). At the end of each trimester, final grades are given in all subjects and there are short holidays. However, there are enough vacations in France even in the middle of trimesters: on the day of all saints, Christmas, "February", Easter ...!

The academic year of Russian schoolchildren is divided into four quarters. Between each quarter there are holidays (“summer”, “autumn”, “winter” and “spring”). At the end of each quarter, a quarter grade is given for all subjects studied, and at the end of each year, an annual grade. The longest holidays in Russia, of course, are summer holidays - three months! In France summer vacation last a maximum of 2 months.

However, in France, a four-day school week has been introduced in schools for primary and secondary school students. French schoolchildren always have a rest in the middle of the week - on Wednesdays. In addition, in France, Saturday morning lessons, which are unpopular with French parents, have been cancelled. Although for French high school students, Saturday classes remained in force. In Russia, in most schools, a 6-day work week has been adopted with the only day off - on Sunday. Schoolchildren in Russia study every day and have 4-7 lessons lasting 40-45 minutes.

Classes in the French school are divided into two blocks of four lessons (from 8.00 to 12.00 and from 14.00 to 16.30) with the usual breaks. During a long two-hour break, you can go to have lunch at home or in the school cafeteria and take a walk and play. There is usually a bus stop near the school and everyone can easily manage to go home and not be late for lessons.

It is interesting that in the French school there is a "reverse numbering" of classes. Unlike the Russian system, where classes go up and for the first time students go to the first class, French students move to a smaller class during their studies. And in France, the penultimate class is called the first, and graduation, the twelfth in a row, is simply called the word “Terminale” (final). In Russia, graduation is 11th grade.

The French school has a 20-point grading system. The highest score is usually 18 points. The French are firmly convinced that only the Lord God can receive 20, and 19 - Mr. teacher. In Russian schools, the grading system is mainly five-point, although sometimes 10 points are also found. But basically, you can even say a four-point. After all, one, as an assessment in Russian schools, can be found very rarely. Grade 2 is unsatisfactory. Grade 5 shows excellent knowledge of the subject.

Next interesting fact this is that in France classes are not denoted by letters, as we have, but by numbers.

For example, 4e 1.

The first digit indicates a parallel ("fourth" class), "e" - french ending(like the Russian "oh" in the word seventh), the second digit just replaces our letters. Those. 4e 1, 4e 3, 4e 4 correspond to 7"A", 7"B", 7"G".

In the final grades, the guys choose a specialization. And a letter indicating the profile (scientific, philological, economic-social or technical) is added to the class number.

It turns out like 2e S (science) 1 - the second scientific class A (remember about the reverse numbering of classes: the second in France corresponds to our 10th class) or 2e L (lettre) 6 - the second philological class E.

By the way, in French schools it is almost impossible to study all the years with the same subject teachers and with the same classmates: classes are formed anew every year, and each academic year begins with a search for oneself in new class lists. On the one hand, shuffling classes is bad for friendship with classmates: this year you make friends, and next year you find yourself in different classes and the schedule to take a walk does not match. On the other hand, it turns out that all peers at school know everyone and the general school environment is much more pleasant - there are no competitions and hostility between classes.

Repeaters in France are a common thing, no one points a finger at them. But even excellent students are not supposed to receive any diplomas or honors. It's just that every Frenchman learns from infancy that the only way to a normal, decent and prosperous life is an interesting, well-paid job. And to become a specialist, you need to get higher education, without which modern world You can’t even get a job as a salesperson in a store. So, everyone builds their future at school. Which, as you can see, is significantly different from Russian school.

It is impossible to say in which country the organization school education better: after all, where there are many pluses, there are always significant minuses. The main thing in school is to study well and take all the knowledge that it gives in order to succeed in adulthood.

List of used literature:

1. French. Big reference book for schoolchildren and applicants to universities / E.V. Ageeva, L.M. Belyaeva, V.G. Vladimirova and others - M .: Bustard, 2005.-349, p.- (Large reference books for schoolchildren and university applicants.)
2. Le petit Larousse illustration/HER2000
3. E. M. Beregovskaya, M. Toussaint. Blue bird. The book for the teacher to the textbook of the French language for the 5th grade of educational institutions.
4. Gak, V.G. new French-Russian dictionary / V.G. Gak, K.A. Ganshina. - 10th ed., stereotype. –M.: Rus.yaz.-Media, 2005.- XVI, 1160, p.
5. E. M. Beregovskaya. Blue bird. French. Grade 5 Textbook for educational institutions.

Original taken from alanol09 in School in France. Peculiarities.

Educational process divided in France into several cycles:
1. Ecole maternelle (analogue kindergarten) from 3 to 5 years;
2. Ecole primaire ( elementary grades) from 6 to 10 years;
3. College (college - middle classes) from 11 to 14 years old;
4. Lycée (lyceum - senior classes) from 15 to 17 years old.

The basic principles of the French education system were laid down at the end of the 19th century. Education in France is free and compulsory for all children from 6 to 17 years of age. So, when we moved from Russia and applied for a visa, one of the mandatory requirements was to show the child's enrollment in school if he was over 6 years old. The educational system is centralized, the state develops and approves all school programs organizes examinations, approves vacation plans and school schedule. There are three types of schools in France: public ( free schools), Catholic (private schools that are partially government subsidized) and private schools. Catholic and private schools are paid, but the former are actively supported by the state, so education in them is several times cheaper than in ordinary private schools. So, if a month of education in a Catholic school costs 60-80 euros, then education in a private institution will cost about 10 times more.

The organization of the school week in France differs from the usual five-day period for us. For many years, Wednesday in French schools was a day off, like Saturday and Sunday, and the school day lasted from 8:30 to 16:30. On the one hand, such an organization of the educational process is very gentle for the child, but on the other hand, it is absolutely inhumane in relation to working parents who are forced to resort to the services of nannies or specialized centers to accommodate the child this weekend among working week. But in 2014, France introduced a new mode of learning, according to which Wednesday became a school day. The school week now lasts 5 days, while total teaching hours remained the same, lessons are held from 8.30 to 15.45 on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, and on Wednesday - until lunch. It should be noted that Wednesday became a mandatory school day only in public ( public schools). Catholic and private French schools still have a choice and often leave Wednesday as a public holiday.

For working families in France there is an extension system. The school opens at 7.30, and after graduation school day the child can be left at school until 18.30 - thus, working parents have time to take the child to school before the start of the working day and pick him up after. There is no need for nannies - convenient, right? After the end of the school day, the children pass under the responsibility of the employees of the city hall department, who work with the children, walk, draw or do homework, etc.

The school day in French schools seems to be long. But do not think that the life of a French schoolboy is so hard. Indeed, children in France spend most days at school. But, firstly, it is worth noting that the big break, during which the children have lunch, lasts 2 hours in French schools! The rest of the breaks are usually 30 minutes. And, secondly, written homework assignments are legally prohibited in France! Therefore, as a rule, evening preparations for the next school day take 15-20 minutes. Of course, not all teachers agree with studies conducted in France, according to which the performance homework does not affect absorption educational material, and they are asked not only to orally repeat the studied material, read or learn a poem, but also written exercises. But these are rather recommendations, optional for implementation.

Another feature is the annual change of teachers and classes - parallel classes are mixed. They say that this is done so that there are no “groups” and favorites, and how one French mother answered me to my words “it’s a pity that teachers change, we like ours so much!” - “can you imagine if you didn’t like it - and so for several years?” - typical French logic!

THE SYSTEM OF FRENCH EDUCATION, WHEN COMPARED WITH RUSSIAN, IS COMPLEX AND HAS MANY LEVELS.

Education in France is subject to the following several principles:
1. Mandatory, i.e. All children between the ages of 6 and 16 must attend school.
2. The secular nature of education. This means that public education does not have any religious overtones.
3. Free primary and secondary education.
4. State monopoly on the issuance of diplomas and university degrees.

Stages of education in France.

Preschool education
- elementary education
- secondary education
- higher education

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION.

In France, children go to school from the age of six. Primary education (ecole elementaire) lasts 4 years. It consists of: 1 year - preparatory class and 3 years - primary education.
Secondary education for French students begins at the age of 11, when children go to college (French College should not be confused with the English word and the concept of "college"). On the this stage training by the state were established 8 compulsory subjects for studying: French, mathematics, foreign languages, physics, chemistry, biology, geography and history (considered as one subject) and physical education. The numbering of classes begins in France not from the first, as in Russia, but from the sixth. Thus, at the age of 11, schoolchildren go to the sixth grade, then the fifth follows, and so on until the third grade, i.e. up to 14 years old. In Russia, this corresponds to education from the 5th to the 9th grade.
After the third grade, French students can choose two paths for further education: go to a vocational school or stay at school and complete a complete secondary education. In the second case, children continue their education already at the Lycee, where they study for three years: second grade, first grade and graduation class. AT Russian system education, this corresponds to the 10th and 11th grade + additional year specializations.
As a rule, in the lyceum, students choose a specialized class in one direction or another: humanitarian sciences, economics and law, natural Sciences. At the end of the lyceum, students take a comprehensive final exam "bachelor" (baccalaureat), which is also the first university degree. Obtaining a bachelor's degree provides admission to any university without entrance exams.
Schematically, the system of primary and secondary education in France can be represented as follows:

6 – 10 years elementary School– Ecole elementaire
11 – 14 years old College
15 – 17 years old Lycee- Lycee

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FRENCH AND RUSSIAN SECONDARY EDUCATION:

1. Numbering of classes from 1st to 11th.
2. Continuing secondary education, without divisions.
3. Fewer subjects taught.
4. Several final exams are taken without the right to enter a university without an examination.
5. Grading system from 1 to 5 points.

France:

1. Numbering of classes from the sixth to the first.
2. The division of secondary education into two cycles: college and lycee.
3. Greater variety of disciplines.
4. A comprehensive final exam (baccalaureat), giving the right to enter a university without exams.
5. Grading system from 0 to 20 points

HIGHER EDUCATION.

The system of higher education in France is distinguished by a wide variety of universities and disciplines offered. Most higher education institutions are state-owned and are subordinate to the French Ministry of Education.
Historically, France has developed two types of higher education institutions: universities and Higher Schools (Grandes Ecoles). Universities train teachers, doctors, lawyers, scientists. Higher Schools train highly professional specialists in the field of economics, administration, military affairs, education and culture. You can enter the Higher School only after two or three years of study in preparatory classes in the chosen direction.

1. Short higher education. Education lasts two to three years, after which graduates receive DUT (Diplome universitaire de technologie) or BTS (Brevet de technicien superieur). This type higher education trains mainly specialists in the industry or in the service sector.
2. Long-term higher education. This type of higher education is given in universities and higher schools. To ensure consistency in the issuance of diplomas and passing exams, it was decided that students of each university should complete three cycles of study and receive diplomas of a single state standard at each stage of education.

Education at the university is divided into three cycles:

1. The first cycle is 2 years. Upon graduation, students receive DEUG (Diplome d'etudes universitaires generales) - Diploma of General Higher Education.
2. Second cycle - 2 years. After the first year of study, the degree of Licence is awarded, After the second year of study, the degree of Maitrise is awarded.
3. Third cycle - 1 year. There are two learning options here:
A. DESS (Diplome d'etudes superieures spesialisees) - Diploma of Higher special education. This diploma prepares students for professional activity in their specialty.
B. DEA (Diplome d'etudes approfondies) - Diploma of Higher Advanced Education. This diploma gives the right to continue education in graduate school.

HIGHER SCHOOLS (Grandes Ecoles).

A study at the Higher School is considered much more prestigious than at the university, but it is also much more difficult to enter there. Students of the Schools receive scholarships as future civil servants. Upon graduation, graduates are required to work for public service within 6-10 years, thus reimbursing the state expenses spent on their education.

Schematically, the system of higher education can be represented as follows:

18 years First cycle. DEUG.
21 years Second cycle. License. (In Russian higher education, this corresponds to the fourth year)
22 years Second cycle. Maitrise.
23 years Third cycle. DEA or DESS.
24 years 3 years –Doctorat (Corresponds to postgraduate study in Russia).

Master is also one of the university degrees. The duration of training is 3 years. This degree is not originally French, but in modern French education it has taken a firm place and exists now in every university.
Magistere extends to the second and third cycles of study. They enter it after the first cycle (after DEUG). Defended upon graduation graduate work and a Magistere diploma of complete higher education is issued. In modern France, Magistere programs in the field of tourism, hospitality, design and economics are especially common.

ADMISSION OF RUSSIAN STUDENTS TO FRANCE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS.

With a certificate of complete secondary education, a graduate of a Russian school has the right to enter a French university for the first cycle of study (with the exception of Grandes Ecoles, admission to which requires special training, as well as medical faculties where additional pre-university training is also required). The following documents are required for admission to DEUG:
1. Copy of the certificate with a translation into French
2. Grades for grades 10 and 11 with translation into French
3. Birth certificate with French translation

5. Mandatory notarization of all documents.

On License and Magistere Russian students can enroll after a minimum of three years of study in Russian university. On Maitrise - after the fourth course. Required documents for the second cycle of study:
1. A certificate from the institute indicating the specialty, subjects taken, hours of study and grades with translation into French.
2. Copy of passport with translation.
3. Statement (fiche d'inscription)
4. Motivation letter in French
5. Autobiography
6. Confirmation of passing the exam in French
7. Two photos
8. Mandatory notarization of all documents.

DEA, DESS (third cycle) requires a complete higher education and the following set of documents:
1. Copy of diploma with translation.
2. Diploma supplement with translation
3. Copy of passport with translation
4. Statement (fiche d'inscription)
5. Motivation letter in French
6. Autobiography
7. Confirmation of passing the exam in French
8. Two photos
9. Two letters of recommendation
10. Translation of all documents must be certified by a notary.