The nature of a person and his main features. Negative character traits

As Victor Hugo used to say, a person has as many as three characters: one ascribes to him the environment, the other he ascribes to himself, and the third is real, objective.

There are more than five hundred character traits of a person, and not all of them are unambiguously positive or negative, a lot depends on the context.

Therefore, any person who has collected certain qualities in individual proportions is unique.

The character of a person is a specific, inherent only to him combination of personal, ordered psychological traits, features, nuances. It is formed, meanwhile, for a lifetime and manifests itself during labor and social interaction.

Soberly assessing and describing the character of the chosen person is not an easy task. After all, not all of its properties are shown to the environment: some features (good and bad) remain in the shadows. Yes, and to ourselves we seem somewhat different than seen in the mirror.

Is it possible? Yes, there is a version that this is possible. Through long efforts and training, you are able to appropriate the qualities you love, becoming a little better.

The character of a person is shown in his actions, in public behavior. It is visible in the attitude of the individual to work, to things, to other people and in her self-esteem.

In addition, the qualities of character are divided into groups - "volitional", "emotional", "intellectual" and "social".

We are not born with specific traits, but acquire them in the process of upbringing, education, exploration of the environment, and so on. Of course, the genotype also influences the formation of character: the apple often falls very close to the apple tree.

At its core, character is close to temperament, but they are not the same thing.

In order to relatively soberly assess yourself and your role in society, psychologists advise you to write out your positive, neutral and negative traits on a piece of paper and analyze them.

Try to do this and you will find examples of character traits below.

Positive character traits (list)

Negative qualities of character (list)

At the same time, some qualities are difficult to attribute to good or bad, and you can’t call them neutral either. So, any mother wants her daughter to be shy, silent and bashful, but is this good for the girl?

Again, a dreamy person can be cute, but completely unlucky due to the fact that he is always in the clouds. An assertive individual looks stubborn for some, unbearable and stubborn for others.

Is it bad to be gambling and carefree? How far has cunning gone from wisdom and resourcefulness? Ambitiousness, ambition, purposefulness lead to success or to loneliness? It will probably depend on the situation and context.

And what to be to you, you decide!

being born new identity receives the gift of a unique character. Human nature can consist of traits inherited from parents, or it can manifest itself in a completely different, unexpected quality.

Nature not only determines behavioral reactions, it specifically affects the manner of communication, attitude towards others and one's own person, to work. Character traits of a person create a certain worldview in a person.

A person's behavioral responses depend on the nature

These two definitions create confusion, because both of them are involved in the formation of personality and behavioral responses. In fact, the character and temperament are heterogeneous:

1. The character is formed from a list of certain acquired qualities of the personality's mental make-up.
2. Temperament is a biological quality. Psychologists distinguish four types of it: choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic.

Having the same temperament, individuals can have absolutely different character. But temperament has an important influence on the development of nature - smoothing or sharpening it. Also, human nature directly affects temperament.

What is character

Psychologists, speaking of character, mean a certain combination of traits of an individual, persistent in their expression. These traits have the maximum impact on the behavioral line of the individual in diverse relationships:

• among people;
• in the work team;
• to one's own personality;
• to the surrounding reality;
• to physical and mental labor.

The word "character" Greek origin, it means "to mint". This definition was introduced by the naturalist Ancient Greece Theophrastus philosopher. Such a word really, very accurately defines the nature of the individual.

Theophrastus first coined the term "character"

The character seems to be drawn as a unique drawing, it gives rise to a unique seal that a person wears in a single copy.

Simply put, character is a combination, a combination of stable individual mental characteristics.

How to understand nature

To understand what kind of nature an individual has, you need to analyze all his actions. It is behavioral reactions that determine examples of character and characterize the personality.

But this judgment is often subjective. Far from always a person reacts as intuition tells him. Actions are influenced by upbringing, life experience, customs of the environment where the person lives.

But you can understand what kind of character a person has. Observing and analyzing actions for a long time certain personality, it is possible to identify individual, especially stable features. If a person is completely different situations behaves in the same way, showing similar reactions, makes the same decision - this indicates the presence of a certain nature in him.

Knowing which character traits are manifested and dominated by a person, it is possible to predict how she will manifest herself in a given situation.

Character and traits

Trait - main part Personality is a stable quality that determines the interaction of a person and the surrounding reality. This is a defining method of resolving emerging situations, so psychologists consider a trait of nature as a predictable personal behavior.

Variety of characters

A person acquires features of character in the course of the entire life span, it is impossible to attribute individual features of nature to innate and characterological. In order to analyze and assess the personality, the psychologist not only determines the totality of individual characteristics, but also highlights their distinctive features.

It is the traits of character that are defined as leading in the study and compilation psychological characteristics personality.

But, defining, evaluating a person, studying the traits of behavior in socially, the psychologist also uses knowledge of the content orientation of nature. It is defined in:

• strength-weakness;
• latitude-narrowness;
• static-dynamic;
• integrity-contradiction;
• integrity-fragmentation.

Such nuances constitute the general complete description a certain person.

List of personality traits

Human nature is the most complex cumulative combination of peculiar features, which is formed into a unique system. This order includes the most striking, stable personal qualities, which are revealed in the gradations of human-society relationships:

Relationship system	Inherent traits of an individual
	Plus	Minus
To self	fastidiousness	Condescension
	Self-criticism	Narcissism
	Meekness	Boastfulness
	Altruism	Egocentrism
To the people around	Sociability	Closure
	Complacency	Callousness
	Sincerity	deceitfulness
	Justice	Injustice
	Commonwealth	Individualism
	sensitivity	Callousness
	Courtesy	shamelessness
To work	organization	Laxity
	obligatory	stupidity
	diligence	slovenliness
	Enterprise	inertia
	industriousness	laziness
to items	frugality	Waste
	thoroughness	Negligence
	Neatness	Negligence

In addition to character traits included by psychologists in the gradation of relationships (a separate category), manifestations of nature in the moral, temperamental, cognitive and sthenic spheres were identified:

• moral: humanity, rigidity, sincerity, good nature, patriotism, impartiality, responsiveness;
• temperamental: gambling, sensuality, romance, liveliness, receptivity; passion, frivolity;
• intellectual (cognitive): analyticity, flexibility, inquisitiveness, resourcefulness, efficiency, criticality, thoughtfulness;
• sthenic (volitional): categoricalness, perseverance, obstinacy, stubbornness, purposefulness, timidity, courage, independence.

Many leading psychologists are inclined to believe that some personality traits should be divided into two categories:

1. Productive (motivational). Such traits push a person to commit certain acts and actions. This is the goal-feature.
2. Instrumental. Giving personality during any activity individuality and way (manners) of action. These are traits.

Gradation of character traits according to Allport

Allport's theory

Famous American psychologist Gordon Allport, expert and developer of gradations personality traits individual, personality traits divided into three classes:

Dominant. Such features most clearly reveal the behavioral form: actions, activities of a certain person. These include: kindness, selfishness, greed, secrecy, gentleness, modesty, greed.

Normal. They are equally manifested in all the numerous spheres of human life. These are: humanity, honesty, generosity, arrogance, altruism, egocentrism, cordiality, openness.

Secondary. These nuances do not have a particular effect on behavioral responses. These are not dominant behaviors. These include musicality, poetry, diligence, diligence.

A strong relationship is formed between the traits of nature existing in a person. This regularity forms the final character of the individual.

But any existing structure has its own hierarchy. The warehouse of man was no exception. This nuance is traced in Allport's proposed gradation structure, where minor features can be suppressed by dominant ones. But in order to predict the act of a person, it is necessary to focus on the totality of the features of nature..

What is typicality and individuality

In the manifestation of the nature of each personality, it always reflects the individual and typical. This harmonious union personal qualities, after all, the typical serves as the basis for identifying the individual.

What is a typical character. When a person has a certain set of traits that are the same (common) for particular group people - such a warehouse is called typical. Like a mirror, it reflects the accepted and habitual conditions for the existence of a particular group.

Also typical features depend on the warehouse (certain type of nature). They are the condition for the appearance behavioral type character, in the category of which a person is “recorded”.

Having understood exactly what signs are inherent in a given personality, a person can make an average (typical) psychological picture and assign certain type temperament. For example:

positive	negative
Choleric
Activity	Incontinence
Energy	irascibility
Sociability	Aggressiveness
Determination	Irritability
Initiative	Rudeness in communication
Impulsiveness	Behavior instability
Phlegmatic person
persistence	Low activity
performance	slowness
calmness	immobility
Consistency	uncommunicative
Reliability	Individualism
good faith	laziness
sanguine
Sociability	Rejection of monotony
Activity	Superficiality
benevolence	Lack of persistence
adaptability	bad perseverance
Cheerfulness	Frivolity
Courage	Recklessness in actions
Resourcefulness	Inability to focus
melancholic
Sensitivity	Closure
Impressionability	Low activity
diligence	uncommunicative
Restraint	Vulnerability
cordiality	Shyness
Accuracy	Poor performance

Such typical character traits corresponding to a certain temperament are observed in each (to one degree or another) representative of the group.

individual manifestation. Relationships between individuals always have an evaluative characteristic, they are manifested in a rich variety of behavioral reactions. The manifestation of individual traits of an individual is greatly influenced by emerging circumstances, a formed worldview and a certain environment.

This feature is reflected in the brightness of various typical features of the individual. They are not the same in intensity and develop in each individual individually.

Some typical features are so powerfully manifested in a person that they become not just individual, but unique.

In this case, typicality develops, by definition, into individuality. This classification of personality helps to identify the negative characteristics of the individual that prevent them from expressing themselves and achieving a certain position in society.

Working on himself, analyzing and correcting the shortcomings in his own character, each person creates the life he aspires to.

For those who do not like their own "psychological portrait", there is consolation: the shortcomings of temperament can be made up for by positive character traits.

It is the understanding that one can change oneself in better side, It is the most attractive trait like science.

So, if temperament is an innate personality trait, then a person educates the character himself. When we perform an act, each time we strengthen or weaken some of its traits.

In this way, even the most bad temper can be corrected.

Regarding temperament, we can only recall that Hippocrates divided it into four types that are still used today:

1. Phlegmatic - unhurried and unperturbed;
2. Cholerics - quick-tempered and unbalanced;
3. Melancholic - impressionable and vulnerable;
4. Sanguine people are lively, mobile and cheerful.

1. Fixing the results

It is better to write down the results of your struggle. You can make a table, and record successes and failures there every day. Or do this: mark on geographical map two cities. One will conditionally denote your current state, the second - the goal.

Every time you do something to improve your character, put new point on the way between these cities. And if you miss something, go back a point.

In terms of very interesting it seems. Be sure to read about this great man, whose experience can be of invaluable help to you.

Surely the reader may have a question: do they influence the formation of personality and its individual features?

It is rather difficult to give an unequivocal answer to this question. A certain connection in the inclinations and characteristics of behavior between children and parents, of course, can be traced.

However, to claim that “I am like this and I can’t be different, because this is my mom or dad”, for an adult, at least not seriously.

It is believed that it is impossible to change the temperament, but character traits are within the power of anyone who wishes. You just need to be determined to do it.

character accentuation

Character accentuation is a character trait that is within the clinical norm, in which some of its traits are excessively enhanced, as a result of which selective vulnerability is found in relation to some psychogenic influences while maintaining good resistance to others.

You may find the definition of accentuation a bit complicated, but it's actually quite simple.

The very word "accentuation" (from Latin accentus - stress) means a pronounced emphasis on something.

In other words, this feature lies in the fact that some character traits are unusually developed, which causes the inferiority of other, less developed traits.

Probably everyone saw how small children, at the sight strangers, to some they settle down and begin to smile, and at the sight of others they frown and run away.

This is due to the fact that facial features are very closely related to our character traits. Children intuitively feel this, "scanning" the face of a stranger.

Yes, and adults at a deeply subconscious level can “feel” a good or bad person in front of them. This also happens because our brain is able to "read" information from characteristic features person's face.

It is important to understand that the character of a person largely determines how his life will turn out, whether he will succeed.

English 19th writer century William Thackeray wrote:

"Sow an act and you reap a habit; sow a habit and you reap a character; sow a character and you reap a destiny."

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Character is a manifestation of an emotional reaction in a person's behavior in various relationships and specific situations. The character of a certain person and all his features of the manifestation of qualities are a consequence of upbringing and living conditions in a social society.

Of course, individual adjustment and various life circumstances affect human psychology, but the formation and development of higher mental functions and genetic features are laid and formed in the womb, so when a person is born, almost from the first days he shows his individual characteristics. Any person can be characterized and assigned a certain type of personality.

Also, one can pay attention to the manifestation of characteristic typical signs different peoples, i.e. exist general definitions specific nationalities. For example, the character of the Russian is clearly different from other national mentalities.

The temperament of a Russian person:

• “Breadth and generosity of the soul”, which is absent in most nations.
• Patience, perseverance and endurance.
• Craving for justice and compassion.
• Of the negative: laziness, pessimism, hypocrisy and foul language.

It is easy to define a Russian person by temperament, foreign nations associate a Russian person as someone who loves to walk "in a big way", they have always been surprised by the generosity, steadfastness and selflessness of the Russian people. Only a Russian person has an original sense of humor, which perplexes foreign brethren. Many foreign men believe that a Russian woman is the best companion for life, as she has responsiveness, humanity, loyalty and compassion.

Also, a decent barrier for foreigners is the study of the Russian language, it is considered the most difficult due to excessive emotionality and double meaning the same words. Qualities in people of a Russian warehouse, their attitude towards other people social environment in more tend to respect religious traditions. Attitude towards Christianity, observance of religious rites begins with the origins of the formation of the Slavic race.

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Individual characteristics in people, revealing their signs is an indicator of the true face of a Russian person, what qualities and abilities can manifest themselves in non-standard situations social society. The psychology of a Russian person, flexibility of mind, extraordinary endurance, selflessness, love for the motherland, the manifestation of compassion more than once convinced opponents of their strength and steadfastness.

Classification of character traits

Traits
emotional	Volitional	Moral	intellectual
Emotionality	persistence	Honesty	Curiosity
Cheerfulness	Independence	Responsiveness	Wits
Impressionability	Uncertainty	Kindness	Resourcefulness
	Determination	Cruelty	Frivolity
	Courage		Thoughtfulness

Psychology varying degrees manifestations of the character of each person is individual and is formed throughout life, varies depending on social environment. There is a certain classification to which a person can be attributed.

List of manifestations in people's behavior and assessment of qualities in social situations.

1. Volitional qualities are features of the properties of a particular person that manifest themselves in non-standard situations (endurance, patience, stubbornness, courage, cowardice, courage, discipline, etc.)
2. Emotional manifestations are duration mental processes in a certain person in specific situations (negative, positive, dynamic, neutral, statistical, non-traditional).
3. Intellectual features of an individual person, the quality of a person’s thinking (breadth, depth, flexibility, criticality, stupidity, etc.)

List of manifestations of the qualities of people

Attitude to the surrounding world, divided into four types:

• I'm good - everyone is good.
• I'm good, everyone's bad.
• I'm bad - everyone is good.
• I'm bad - everyone is bad.
• Attitude towards one's personality (self-respect, self-criticism, arrogance, feeling dignity etc.).
• Attitude towards work (laziness, diligence, accuracy, tolerance, negligence, punctuality, responsibility, etc.).
• Attitude in social environment groups (sociability, isolation, truthfulness, deceit, politeness, rudeness, etc.).

Types of human temperament

Temperament is the constant features of the individual behavior of a particular person, which are equally manifested in various activities. There are four types of definitions which are:

1. Sanguine, characterized by increased mobility, working capacity has pronounced facial expressions. emotional manifestations in facial expression, responsiveness, sociability, balance, optimism, cheerful disposition, fast fatiguability from hard work, carelessness.
2. Choleric - sudden mood swings, irascibility, hysteria, quick appeasement, impulsiveness, outbursts of anger.
3. Melancholic - anxiety, pessimism, vulnerability, excessive worries for any reason, restraint, self-control, distrust of others.
4. Phlegmatic - coolness, low activity, prudence, gives the impression wise man always gets things done.

Human temperament. 4 types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic

Manifestations of character traits in men and women

The manifestation of character traits in men

The same character trait in men and women, their attitude to actions is manifested in different ways. emotional reactions while evoking completely different feelings.

For example, the touchiness of a woman manifests itself in a man in the form of angry outbursts.

• Women are characterized by manifestations of excessive emotionality, sensitivity, understanding and compassion, practicality, they are more prone to sudden mood swings. The psychology of men, their attitude to values, is based on restraint and the desire for power and leadership. Each period of the era is characterized by the presence of certain qualities in men and women.

The manifestation of character traits in women

• So, for example, the quality modern people have minor differences, more and more associations of male and female professions are being formed. Today, it is not uncommon to meet the beautiful half of humanity at the wheel, and the male stylist, hairdresser or conductor, which a few decades ago would have surprised them very much.

The main traits of a person's character are the prevailing stable, innate or acquired qualities that are constantly manifested in the behavior of an individual person. Having learned what signs correspond to a particular person, you can make a psychological portrait, attitude and opinion about him, as well as assign a type of temperament (choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic).

Classify what inherent individual qualities in order to determine positive and negative character traits and draw general conclusions. This will help, for example, when applying for a job in choosing a position, and sometimes in choosing a life partner, by determining the criteria that you value.

Negative and positive personality traits

The psychology of any person is the continuous formation of a quality of character, depending on what conditions, therefore it is common for him to show negative traits, they can change depending on what conditions, for worse or better.

There are also permanent negative qualities, manifested in an individual person, which do not change during life.

Negative character traits can not always be regarded as their negative features and qualities can emphasize dignity:

1. Self-confidence - self-satisfaction, can provoke a craving for efficiency and performance improvement, for the realization of self-satisfaction.
2. Stubbornness provokes the achievement of goals.
3. Selfishness - ignoring others is bad, but trying to please others is not always beneficial. Sometimes you need to think about yourself in order to be able to help others.
4. Envy, some people can provoke them to desire to achieve best result than others.

There are such character traits in people as cruelty, deceit, hypocrisy, laziness, stinginess, rudeness, gloom, etc., which will never provoke them to good deeds.

Positive and negative character traits of their qualities are present to a greater or lesser extent in every person. Positive ones can cover up negative character traits of an individual person. For example, people are lazy but good-natured or selfish but neat and hardworking, rude but responsive and generous, and so on.

List positive qualities their signs:

1. Endurance and patience.
2. Gratitude and Morality.
3. Initiative and ingenuity.
4. Cheerfulness and giftedness.
5. Sensitivity and optimism, etc.

The main character traits in women

List of predominant qualities and their distinctive properties:

The main character traits in men

List of predominant qualities and their properties:

4 main psychotypes of personality. How to determine and recognize the character of a person?

Before proceeding with the classification and enumeration of character traits, it is necessary to understand what character is. In Greek, "character" is a difference, a sign, a sign. From the point of view of psychology, character is a set of personal properties that determine a person's actions in different situations and shape it as an individual.

There is an old saying: "Sow a deed - you reap a habit; sow a habit - you reap a character; sow a character - you reap a destiny." This saying briefly and succinctly reflects the place that character occupies in the life and destiny of a person. Therefore, it is so important to know what character traits people have in order to learn to understand their influence on the resolution of various, and especially conflict, situations.

Classification of character traits

Conventionally, character traits can be divided into three main groups:

• emotional;
• strong-willed;
• intellectual.

According to the direction of impact, the features are also divided into the following subgroups:

• attitude to the outside world - people and society;
• attitude towards oneself personally;
• attitude to activities - training and work.

The most basic character traits, especially those related to the emotional group, are formed in early childhood- at the stage of formation of the child's psyche and depend on many factors. Not the last role is played by the natural predisposition of a person, which is influenced by hereditary characteristics and temperament. But the main influence is the environment.

It is in childhood that positive and negative traits of a person's character are laid in the process of acquiring experience of interaction with the outside world. Then, throughout life, the formation of individual features continues, and new ones may appear. And if at first this process takes place on an unconscious, reflex level, then with the acquisition of awareness, and depending on its level, a person has a choice. When this choice is realized, the opportunity opens up for the transformation of character, which is otherwise called personal growth.

Main character traits

Today, there are several hundred definitions of various character traits. Moreover, they can coexist in one person in a variety of combinations. Depending on the direction of the impact, such features can have both positive and Negative consequences their influence. Therefore, it is very difficult to say with absolute certainty that this is - bad traits character, which are good. In most cases, it makes sense to talk about certain sets of properties that, in certain situation can have a great influence on the consequences of solving certain problems, defined as positive or negative, which again will be to a certain extent a subjective opinion.

Nevertheless, let's try to compile a list of the main character traits that are formed on early stages development and therefore more related to the emotional group, conditionally dividing them not into bad and good, but, say, into positive and negative traits of a person’s character, as is commonly believed from a socio-moral point of view.

Negative character traits

Anger. This is an emotional trait that can be expressed in negative attitude any direction - to yourself, to people and even to work. If this is not a periodic, but a constant reaction, most likely its roots are in a deep childhood resentment.

Pride. In religion, such a feature is even considered one of the grave sins. Because a person in whom this quality is manifested very strongly loses the ability to adequately assess and right decisions. Such a person ends up harming both others and himself.

Selfishness. This negative trait, which concentrates and generates a whole host of others. In fact, it can become the quintessence of all unseemly character traits, but, as a rule, it has Negative influence in the direction of attitudes towards other people, while in relation to oneself it is subjectively considered positive.

Jealousy. This character trait is associated with selfishness and pride, since it implies a sense of possessiveness and has a devastating effect not only on others, but also on oneself, since jealousy is blind and therefore can push for very bad deeds.

Greed. May have different forms: greed for fame, money, things, food, pleasure, etc. Pushes a person to unseemly acts and causes rejection of others.

Envy. A person possessed by envy causes harm, first of all to himself. After all, as they say, envy eats from the inside, sharpens like a worm. It can also bring great harm to the object of envy if the owner of such a trait sets out in some way to restore the apparent disequilibrium in his favor.

Cruelty. This trait, in any form, brings only destruction and suffering to those it is directed at. Psychologists believe that it is a manifestation of lack of will. It may be added that often Cruel person driven by fear and self-doubt.

Positive character traits

It is believed that all character traits have their antipode. Therefore, let's see what are the character traits that are the opposite of those listed above.

Kindness. Unlike evil person, I want to communicate with the good. Kindness also implies such traits as selflessness and participation. Isn't that why good people How often do those who are dominated by negative character traits try to use them for their own purposes? Think about it.

Humility. Some do not like this quality, because for some reason it is considered slave. In fact, this is a very good trait that can work wonders - for example, stop destructive conflicts, nullify feuds and useless showdown.

Altruism. This is the complete opposite of selfishness. An egoist will never understand an altruist, but an altruist will understand, listen, forgive and even help. An amazing feature that is an endangered species, but in vain.

Confidence. Perhaps it is the most accurate antipode of jealousy, although some argue that its antipode is love. But it is trust, not gullibility, that is the saving bridge between loving people who is able to connect them and give the true happiness of communicating with each other.

Generosity. If it spreads in all directions, it will be a unique personality. This character trait is a blessing for others, and if it is from the bottom of the heart, then for its owner.

Goodwill. Although this trait is associated with kindness, it is more of an outward manifestation than envy, which is always secret. Goodwill blesses and attracts if it is sincere and is a character trait, and not a show.

Mercy. One of best features character of a person. We can safely say that this world is based on mercy, as one of the forms of universal love. By developing this trait, a person is enriched spiritually.

Other character traits

There are many other character traits that can be emotional, strong-willed or intellectual. They are already being developed adulthood and are based on life experience. This is how curiosity and thoughtfulness, determination and independence appear. Wherein strengths character can reinforce both positive and negative traits. For example, assertiveness combined with anger can lead to a destructive effect, and combined with kindness can lead to the salvation of another person. No wonder they say that, how many people, so many characters, and in fact, even knowing many character traits specific person, it is impossible to one hundred percent predict his behavior in a particular situation.

Is it possible to change your character traits

Changing your traits only makes sense in a positive direction. After all, in the end everything positive traits lead to creation and improvement, and negative to destruction and annihilation. But for this it is necessary to first come to the realization that negative traits do exist, and thereby complicate the life of the individual. And very few succeed.