Independent work in English. Independent work "Pronouns in English"

Independent, free, autocratic, autocephalous, autocratic, autonomous; causeless, spontaneous, original, original, absolute, irrelevant. Selfish opinion. He is his own master, he disposes of himself. Go your... ... Synonym dictionary

INDEPENDENT- INDEPENDENT, independent, independent; independent, independent, independent. 1. Existing separately from others, by itself, independent. independent state. Committed to independent living. "I'm used to living ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

INDEPENDENT- INDEPENDENT, oh, oh; flax, flax. 1. Existing separately from others, independent. Independent organization. Live independently (adv.). 2. Decisive, having his own initiative. S. man. Independent behavior. 3.… … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

independent- absolutely independent incredibly independent completely independent ... Dictionary of Russian Idioms

independent- adj., use comp. often Morphology: independent, independent, independently, independent; more independent; nar. independently 1. Independent call any team, public group, association, etc., which ... ... Dictionary of Dmitriev

independent- ▲ independent activity independence based on own initiative activity; ability to act without assistance. independent. on one's own. myself (# do the job). himself big. on whose discretion... ... Ideographic dictionary Russian language

Independent- adj. 1. Unsubordinate, dependent; independent, free. ott. Characteristic of an independent, non-subordinate person. 2. Associated with independence, freedom, lack of subordination. ott. Capable of independent ... ... Modern dictionary Russian language Efremova

independent- independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, ... ... Forms of words

independent- independent; briefly form of linen, linen ... Russian spelling dictionary

independent- kr.f. self-sufficient / body, self-sufficiency / body, flax, flax; independent/more… orthographic dictionary Russian language

independent- Syn: autonomous, independent, closed Ant: dependent, dependent, non-self… Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary

Books

• An independent child, or How to become a "lazy mother", Bykova Anna Alexandrovna. The article "Why I'm a Lazy Mom", published a few years ago, is still roaming the Internet. She bypassed all the popular parent forums and communities. Caused a storm of controversy and discussion. ... Buy for 337 rubles
• An independent child, or how to become a lazy mother, Bykova, Anna Alexandrovna. The article "Why I'm a Lazy Mom", published a few years ago, is still roaming the Internet. She bypassed all the popular parent forums and communities. Caused a storm of controversy and discussion.…

Surely you have already read hundreds of articles on the Internet about how to learn English on your own and for free. Still not able to reach the desired level of knowledge? The thing is that many offer theoretical advice without backing it up with practice. Therefore, we decided to compile a practical guide to self-study. In this article, we will tell you if it is possible to learn English without anyone's help, explain what materials you MUST use when studying on your own and what resources you can use in addition so that you do not get bored learning English at home. You can save yourself a free PDF that lists all 156 resources, and at the end of the article, we'll give you our Editors' Choice - a "best of the best" list.

Is it possible to learn English on your own

Let's first find out whether it is realistic to learn English on your own or if you should not waste time and effort on this activity. Let's say right away that learning English on your own and for free is quite realistic, because there are thousands of learning resources on the Internet that will help you do this. Why is it that not everyone succeeds in mastering the language at the desired level? You probably know people whose self-study has become a waste of time. Or maybe you yourself have repeatedly unsuccessfully tried to learn English?

We can say with confidence that only three factors determine whether you can learn English on your own:

1. Your desire to learn the language.
2. Willingness to work.
3. An effective way to learn a language.

If both the first and the second factors are present, then it is only a matter of the third link - the ability to find the most effective method learn English on your own. This article is just designed to solve the problem of the third factor: we will tell you how to organize an effective educational process what materials you will need.

At the same time, we want to immediately warn you: self-learning is an interesting process, but not easy, and it is especially difficult for beginners. We still advise those who study the language "from scratch" to use the services. Under his vigilant supervision and expert guidance, you will move faster than with self-study. Do you want to walk this path without anyone's help? We have already written an article on this topic "", however, it is aimed specifically at beginners. In the same article, we will share resources for all English learners, so for beginners it is better to start by studying the first article and then return to this material.

How to learn English on your own

We have compiled 6 simple recommendations for you on how best to learn English on your own. These tips are based on the experience of our teachers and students. To make self-learning effective for you, follow all the recommendations, then positive results will not keep you waiting.

1. Set a specific goal

Everything depends on your learning goal. further actions for self-study of English. Think about whether you want to learn general conversational or business English, want to reach an intermediate level, or want to reach the top. You can see and choose for yourself similar goal. In addition, excellent right aim- reach an intermediate level, in which case you will lay a good knowledge base. Find out 8 more reasons to get to this stage from the article "".

2. Schedule your classes

It would seem that the beauty of self-study lies precisely in the fact that your English lessons are not tied to any particular moment: you learn the language when it is convenient for you. However, in reality it turns out as in a well-known anecdote. Your conscience torments you: “When will you sit down for English?” And you answered her: “Well, no, today I can’t, I’m so tired. Let's never. Will it ever suit you?" Agree, with this approach, it is impossible to learn English. So take yourself in iron gloves and make a specific schedule, for example, study for an hour daily or 3-4 times a week for 1.5 hours. Of course, having a schedule will not protect you from procrastination, but you will already know that you didn’t just “legally postpone the class, I’ll teach you later”, but missed it. Gnawing conscience is a good motivator!

3. Select the required resources

As we have already said, we have many sources of knowledge, and such an abundance useful resources does not always have a positive effect on learning. So, many people decide to learn English and in one day they buy all available textbooks, bookmark 541 English learning sites, install 37 language learning apps. On the one hand, such zeal is commendable. On the other hand, each textbook and each site has its own principles for presenting the material, therefore, if you study on different resources every day, you risk creating a mess in your head and in a week or two you will realize that you don’t know what to take on. Below we offer you a list of good time-tested resources for learning English by English proficiency. Spend a couple of days choosing no more than 1-2 resources for each skill.

4. Look for an interlocutor

Some people think that English can be learned "offline" using only books, audio and video materials. However, it is not. You can read Agatha Christie in the original and listen to BBC news, but what's the point if you find it difficult to speak English. You can speak the language you are learning only with the help of an interlocutor. Read on to find out how to find yourself a speaking partner.

5. Track your achievements

This is an important point for those who decide to learn English on their own at home. Be sure to follow test tasks to track your progress. You can do various online tests, such as knowledge level tests. It is important to check your mistakes. This is quite difficult when self-learning, so we wrote an assistant article "" for you. From it you will learn how to control your learning process.

6. Don't Take Long Breaks From Studying

Everyone has days when it seems like there is no time at all to learn English. In this case, we recommend finding literally 5-10 minutes and doing one of the exercises from the article "". If you still had to take a break in learning, try not to drag it out, otherwise the accumulated knowledge will start to fly out of your head and you will completely abandon your studies.

How to learn English for free at home: 156 useful materials

And now we will present you with resources that you will definitely need for effective self-study of English. You will see the entire list of resources in a PDF file that you can save to your computer for free:

Grammar

Those who learn English on their own often complain that they cannot learn English grammar. In this case, we recommend taking an additional textbook with grammar exercises to the main textbook. When choosing such a book, be guided by our article "". Go through the manual from the first lesson to the last without missing anything, then the material will be easier to understand.

Textbook to expand vocabulary

Good vocabulary will allow you to accurately express your thoughts, so try to constantly learn new words. It is advisable to take new vocabulary not only from your main textbook, but also from specialized manuals. Reliable source the right words will become one of . Practical exercises these books will teach you how to use the learned words correctly in your speech.

Pronunciation guide

Correct pronunciation is necessary for the interlocutor to understand you, so this skill also needs to be developed. If, when studying English with a teacher, you can do without a special manual, because the teacher will teach you how to pronounce sounds correctly, then with self-study english house you will need a textbook. You can take one of the following: English Pronunciation in Use , New Headway Pronunciation Course , Tree or Three? , Ship or Sheep? , How Now, Brown Cow? , Elements of Pronunciation . In them you will find many tasks for listening and setting the correct pronunciation.

Vocabulary

A good dictionary is an indispensable attribute of an English learner. We recommend that you first use Russian-English online dictionary, for example multitran.ru or lingvolive.ru . When you reach the intermediate level of knowledge, start using English-English dictionary, such as macmillandictionary.com or dictionary.cambridge.org .

Would you like to use teaching aids? We recommend reading our article "", in which we talked about the benefits of using aids, and also indicated who can learn English without them.

Additional Resources

The listed textbooks will be enough for you to improve your English skills, but sometimes you want to take a break from books and diversify your learning with some interesting materials. We have compiled a large selection of the best resources for you to help you learn English on your own.

1. We speak English language

To learn to communicate in English, you need to try to speak it as often as possible. Where to find a partner for communication? On one of the language exchange sites, such as italki.com or es.coeffee.com. You will find even more ideas and resources for finding an interlocutor in the article "".

2. Learning new words

   New vocabulary can be taught not only by the manual, but also by more modern and exciting methods:

   • Install word learning apps: Anki for Android and iOS, Easy Ten for and iOS or Fun Easy Learn English for Android and iOS. Learning 10 words will take no more than 5-7 minutes, we think even busy person there will be time for classes with applications.
   • Learn words with visual dictionaries like online-languages.info or oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. An association with a picture is remembered better and faster than a single word.
   • Run tests on englishteststore.net and esl.fis.edu. You can check how well you remember new vocabulary, and see how it is used in speech.
   • Solve crosswords: .
3. Improving perception English speech aurally

   It is quite easy to improve your listening comprehension of English on your own. We recommend the following methods:

   • Listen to audio materials: .
   • Watch news: . You can first watch the video with subtitles, and then without them.
   • Watch exciting educational videos and video lectures:.
   • Listen to interesting audiobooks: .
   • Listen to music: .
4. Improving grammar knowledge

Remember: without knowing grammar, it is impossible to speak English normally. Therefore, let's see what methods, in addition to the exercises from the textbook, can be used to deal with grammar once and for all.

• Learn grammar from understandable articles in Russian: engblog.ru.
• Run tests: . Doing at least one debriefing test every day will help you gradually eradicate your mistakes.
• Watch instructional videos: . Also visit the wonderful resource engvid.com. Pay attention to the videos with the teacher Ronnie: her incendiary sense of humor and exciting lessons even those who hate grammar will like it.
• Use grammar learning apps: Johnny Grammar for and iOS or Learn English grammar for Android and LearnEnglish Grammar for iOS. These simple gadget programs will diversify the way to work or a trip to the country.

Reading in English

Reading is the easiest skill to work on your own. How to do it:

• Read adapted literature: . Such books can be read by people with Beginner level and higher.
• Read books in the original: .
• Read fascinating articles: . small interesting article- the optimal "dose" for those who want to learn English at home on their own.
• Read the news: install the Yahoo News Digest or BBC News app on your smartphone or tablet, then you will be in the know and will be able to improve your English daily.
• Read magazines: .

Improving pronunciation

Improving pronunciation with self-study is not very easy: in order to analyze your speech and find errors in it, you need to have experience in learning English and know perfectly HOW all sounds should sound. But this difficulty can be overcome by using the following tricks:

• Learn to pronounce sounds correctly: .
• Practice speaking tongue twisters: download-esl.com has tongue twisters voiced by native speakers. Say at least a couple of them daily, and your pronunciation will improve in a couple of months, and pronounce difficult sounds English will become much easier.

We write in English

You can learn to write in English without the help of a teacher. The catch is that if you decide to learn English on your own, there will be no one to check your written work. There are services for communicating with foreigners, these sites offer something like a language exchange: you check the text in Russian, and a native English speaker checks your written work in English. However, keep in mind that illiterate people can also sit on such sites, so no one can guarantee the reliability of the check. In addition, your reviewer best case will simply correct your mistakes, but will not explain them. Therefore, if it is important for you to learn how to write well in English, you should think about lessons with a teacher. In addition, the following will help you:

• Learn to spell correctly...
• Work on pronunciation - .
• Online dictations - dictationsonline.com.

We have provided you with a detailed practical guide on how to learn English on your own and for free, and pointed out the best resources to help you succeed in this field. Now it's up to you. At first, this path can be difficult, because learning something new is never easy. Remember, when you first got on a bike, you probably fell more than once before learning how to ride. Driving English will also be difficult, but gradually you will be able to pick up speed and masterfully handle it. We wish you success in your studies!

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This is (he) table.

(We) house is there.

That is (they) garden.

This isn't (I) key.

It is (she) key.

Where is (you) red pencil?

Sally is (I) sister.

2. She is ____ wife.

6. This is a fox. ____tail(tail) is long.

Replace the personal pronoun in brackets in the common case appropriate form possessive pronoun.

This is (he) table.

(We) house is there.

That is (they) garden.

This isn't (I) key.

It is (she) key.

Where is (you) red pencil?

Sally is (I) sister.

Open (you) notebooks and copy out these words, please.

(They) parents are at the cinema.

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate possessive pronouns and translate the sentences.

1. Where is John? – He is in ____ room now.

2. She is ____ wife.

3. They are my friends. ____names are Philip and Robert.

4. Sally is a nurse but ____ brother is a computer programmer.

5. What is ____ name? – His name is Sam.

6. This is a fox. ____tail(tail) is long.

Replace the pronoun in brackets with a possessive or absolute form pronouns.

This isn't (you) hat. This is (you). It is (I)

Are you looking for (you) glasses?

This car is (they). Here is (we).

Could I have (you) mobile. (I) is out of work.

Where is (they) flat? I think that one is (they).

Fill in the blanks with the correct ones possessive pronouns, choosing between relative and absolute forms.

1.____________ (you) friends are very nice;
2. Is that _________(she) hotel?
3.__________(I) country is bigger than ... (you);
4. This car isn't ____________(they);
5.___________ (he) mother is a teacher and (she) is a judge;
6. Where is ___________ (they) restaurant?
7. How many people are there in ____________ (you) city? -

About two million and in_________(you)?
9. These are not ________ (you) shoes. Those are _______(you).

Independent work- Course 1.

Possessive pronouns.

Possessive nouns

Pretext of .

verb - link to be .

1. Possessive pronouns.

My- myour- our

His- hisyour- yours, yours

Her- hertheir- them

Its- his her

Possessive pronouns express belonging and answer the question WHOSE?

Unlike the Russian language, English possessive pronouns do not change their form depending on the gender. Numbers, and the case of the noun they define, for example:

my book - my book:

my pencil - my pencil:

lookatmy friends- look atmy friends.

There is no word in Englishmine must be translated by different pronouns depending on the meaning.

II takemy handle. I takemy pen.

He opensmy a door.Heopenshis door.

Weseeour friends. We see (their ) friends. (His) this case can be omitted.

2. Possessive case of nouns.

The possessive case of nouns expresses belonging. Corresponds to the Russian genitive or possessive adjective. For example: housebrother (genus p.);grandfather house (possessive adjective).

The possessive case of nouns is formed by adding‘ s . noun in plural endings add only an apostrophe (‘).

For example:

Brother’ sroom- brother's room

Myfriends’ name-names of my friends

Ourparents’ house- my parents house

Thesechildren’ sbooksthe books of these children.

3. Preposition of

Pretextof- expresses the relation of belonging. Noun with prepositionof be translated into genitive case. for example: my friend's name = the name of my friend

4. Verb – bundle to be.

Compare offers:

We are students. We were students. We will be students. In the present tense, in Russian, the verb-coupling is usually absent, and instead of it we put a dash: Diamond is a mineral.

In English, such sentences need a verb in the present tense.

I-am ; He, She, ItIS ; you, we, theyare.

Exercises.

Rewrite the sentences, insert the appropriate possessive pronoun.

I have lost ... pen, may I take ... .

Help …, please.

Nick takes …book.

These pencils are …, take them if you want.

It's ... letter, give it to him.

These are … desks.

Nick is … friend.

… wife is a nice woman.

Rewrite suggestions . form possessive case noun.

These (women) house is near the shop.

(My brother) son is very clever.

(Jane) friend is in a hospital.

They see his (father) car.

Take (Mike) books off the table.

How old is (Mr. Kato) son?

What are these (girls) names?

Rewrite the sentences, insert a verb instead of dots to be .

I …a student.

Ann … a teacher.

I and Kate … friends.

Our house … in front of the tower.

These girls … your daughters.

Nick and Pete

He … my son.

Translate into English:

I see your house.

Read her letter.

Give me his book.

She sees his house.

I open my door.

They open their books.

Answers:

1.

I have lost my pen, may I take yours .

Help me , please.

Nick takes his book.

These pencils are mine , take them if you want.

It's his l etter, give it to him.

These are our desks.

Nick is my friend.

His wife is a nice woman.

2.

Thesewomen's house is near the shop.

Mybrother's son is very clever.

Jane's friend is in a hospital.

They see hisfather's car.

takeMike's books off the table.

How old isMr. Kato's son?

What are thesegirls' names?

3.

Iam a student.

Annis a teacher.

I and Kateare friends.

Our houseis in front of the tower.

These girlsare your daughters.

Nick and Peteare students of our college.

Heis my son.

4.

I see your house. Iseeyourhouse.

Read your letter, please. Readherletter.

Give me his book, please. Give me his book.

She sees his house . She sees his house.

I am opening my door. I open my door.

They are opening their books. They open their books.

Annex 2

Independent work No. 2

Word order in English sentence.

There are five main members of a sentence: subject, predicate, object, attribute and circumstance.

The members of a sentence can be expressed different parts speech.

In the English sentence there isstrict word order .

In a simple common sentence, the first place is:

1. subject, followed by

2. predicate , then goes

3.addition (non-prepositional, direct, prepositional), if it is in the sentence, then be after the predicate, and then

4.circumstances (mode of action, place, time). The circumstance is usually found at the end or beginning of a sentence, but sometimes it also occurs in the middle of a sentence.

Conclusion: in an English sentence, the location of the word depends on which member of the sentence it is; changing the order of words in a sentence changes its meaning.

The same word, depending on the determiners and its place in the sentence, can denote different parts of speech.

subject

predicate

addition

circumstance

indirect without prepositions

direct

indirect with preposition

We

We

She

She is

She

She is

I

I

study

studying

gives

gives

gives

gives

go

I go

me

to me

English.

eng . yaz .

apples.

apples .

apples

apples

to Kate.

Katya

to the college

in college

every day.

everyday.

Exercise 1.

Identify the subject, predicate and object in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Plans help.

The plans help.

They fix the shelf.

The belts fix the shelf.

They lift boxes.

The architects test the plans.

Chiefs plan the help.

Task 2

Make up and write sentences paying attention to word order.

Best, Nick, my, is, friend.

Something to tell me my uncle

Different, we, teach, college, subjects, at, the.

Live, they, far, our, from, house.

Bought, yesterday, at, the, Kate, a, dress, new, shop.

Friend, his, letter, to, sister, writes, my, a.

Has, British, some, museum, very, exhibitions, interesting.

In, very, friendship, important life, our, is.

In, the, the, sun, centre, the, solar, of, system, is.

Town, where, Tom, is big very, the, lives.

Answers:

Exercise 1.

Plans- noun.help- tale.Plans help .

Theplanshelp. These plans help .

They- nounfix- tale.theshelf- addition (direct).

They are fasten shelf .

Thebelts- noun.fix- tale.theshelf- addition (direct).

Belts fix shelf .

They- noun.Lift- tale.boxes- addition (direct).

They are raise boxes .

The architects-noun. test-tale. theplans- addition (direct).Architects checking plans .

Chiefs- noun.plan- tale.thehelp- addition (direct).

The bosses plan to help.

Task 2.

Nick is my best friend.

My uncle wants to tell me something.

We teach different subjects at the college.

They live far from our house.

Kate bought a new dress at the shop yesterday.

My friend writes a letter to his sister.

British museum has some very interesting exhibitions.

Friendship is very important in our life.

The sun is in the center of the solar system.

The town where Tom lives is very big