Russian language lesson in 9th grade.

Lesson topic. Complex sentences with subordinate clauses of place and time.

Lesson type. A lesson in learning new knowledge.

Lesson type. Student-centered lesson

Lesson Objectives:

– deepen students' knowledge of NGN;

- to teach to recognize the subordinate clauses of place and time, to distinguish them from other subordinate clauses;

- determine the place of the subordinate place and time in a complex sentence;

– improve the skills of construction and use in speech complex sentences with adverbial adverbials of place and time;

- improve the skill of punctuation in NGN;

– to promote the development of horizons, interest and love for the Crimea.

Equipment. Russian language. Textbook for grade 9 general education educational institutions with the Russian language of instruction / V. Goloborodko et al., 2006; poster "Lesson objectives"; photographs of the Livadia Palace; Handout(Appendix)

During the classes

I. Organizational stage

II. Mobilizing stage

Teacher reading an excerpt from a poem by V.V. Mayakovsky "Heavenly Attic":

Let's hit the road,
in the heat
steepness!
There,
where is the horizon line,
where are the teeth
mountains
from heavenly mouth
there,
In the end,
to heaven in the attic,
on the -
Chatyrdag.

– What sentence did the author use? How does this relate to the topic of today's lesson? What new things do we need to know?

III. Understanding the topic of the lesson

- So, the topic of our lesson: "Complex sentences with subordinate clauses of place and time."

(Writing on the board and in a notebook)

Look again at the topic of the lesson. What do you already know? What should you learn new?

At this stage, students remember what a sentence is, what a sentence is called a complex sentence, what the main and subordinate clauses are, types of subordinate clauses.

IV. Self-formulation of lesson objectives

– Knowing the topic of today's lesson, let's try to determine what goals we must set for ourselves in order to learn this topic.

You can use a poster with the following text:

Lesson Objectives:

learn to find...;

find out how to communicate ...;

consolidate the ability to put ...;

learn how to use...

- And besides this, we will see today that such sentences were often used by various writers and poets, speaking about the Crimea. I think this will help you to learn more about native land, and perhaps love him even more, because he was so loved and appreciated creative people, people with a subtle feeling soul.

It is no coincidence that a quatrain about Bryusov sounded at the beginning of our lesson, because this year marks the 140th anniversary of the birth of this wonderful Russian poet (data as of December 13, 2013), which you will talk about in detail in grade 11. He visited us in the Crimea, so we started our lesson by mentioning him.

V. Learning new material

- And I suggest you start studying new material from the words of a well-known writer XIX century Evgeny Markov:

“When you move to the southern coast of Crimea, you feel like a prisoner of some new world for you. That is why you look at everything as in a dream, a seductive and incredible dream. For a long time you do not seem to believe the magical scenery unfolding around you. The gaze involuntarily rushes to where the blue sea merges with the sky. Villages - toys seem to have been dropped by someone where the chaos of cliffs and greenery triumphs. But when you leave the South Shore, your soul languishes for it, as for a lost paradise. People who have lived in the Crimea and tasted the pleasures that only one Crimea gives, never forget it.

(Text for each student in the form of a handout)

Assignments to the text

1. Pick a title.
2. Define a style given text, prove it.
3. Find spellings in the text that seem most difficult to you and explain the spelling of words with these spellings.
4. Find punctograms in the text that are difficult for you, explain the punctuation marks.
5. Find complex sentences. Ask questions to the adjectives. Try to identify their type. Can you always do it?

Teacher's word.

Today we met with a new type of subordinate clauses for you: places and times, learned some questions that they answer and some unions and allied words that can attach them to the main sentence. We will learn complete information about these subordinate clauses with the help of a textbook (or with the help of theoretical material on leaflets):

(Handout material for each on the desk)

Work in pairs according to the instructions:

- carefully read the theoretical material on the topic of the lesson;

- think about how best to present the material to your partner;

- explain new material neighbor so that he understands;

- ask him 1-2 questions to check what you have learned;

– listen to your partner, ask questions if something is not clear.

VI. Subjectivization when comprehending new material

Conversation on:

What did you know and what didn't you hear today?

What did you not understand from what you heard?

– Why do you think?

VII. Generalization, systematization and control of knowledge and skills of students

1. Differentiated task

1 . Based on the new material, make several test tasks with multiple choice answers (12 points).

2 . Make a plan "New material for today's lesson" (8 points).

3. Make a plan "New material for today's lesson", pick up your own examples for each item (10 points).

2. Task by options. Digital dictation.

The 1st option writes down the numbers of complex sentences with clauses of time, and the 2nd - with clauses of place.

All sentences are taken from the poems of different poets about the Crimea.

1. Where the garden approaches the sea,

I know a solitary grotto (V.Ya. Bryusov).

2. When I leave, let me leave the meadows of Russia
My hot hello flies here (E. Gromova " Old Crimea») .

3. Dear friend, my angel! let's hide there
Where gentle waves wash Tauris. (K. Batyushkov "Tavrida")

4. Everywhere you look, there are gardens around. (N. Dorizo ​​"Bonfires")

5. As soon as I entered under your familiar shelter,
The inscriptions of enemies catch my eye (A.K. Tolstoy “Greetings to you”).

6. And there, on the seashore,
The whole city pours out (D.D. Minaev “At the end of summer in Yalta”).

7. And I confess when we are there
They crawled like flies over the rocks,
That scared me a little:
Falling down is a bad joke! (A.K.Tolstoy "The Almighty Will of Allah").

8. Where was the cherished forest of Diana,
The sounds of an ax are heard there (A.K. Tolstoy "The Light Key")

9. ... And doom impulses
Involuntarily I rushed to you,
When under laurels and olives
He bowed his anxious head (V. G. Benediktov “In a country where with clear rays”).

10. Then only the city becomes a hero,
When he became a hero soldier. (M.S. Lisyansky “The Black Sea sun is burning”)

Key:

Option 1 - 2, 5, 7, 9, 10

Option 2 - 1, 3, 4, 6, 8

3. Combine main and subordinate clauses. Make diagrams.

(this task is done at the blackboard)

1. 200 million years ago, the huge Tethys ocean was noisy there

2. Karsting of Ai-Petri continues now

3. Rock lizards are especially beautiful in the sun

1. shining with multi-colored scales, they gracefully crawl along the slopes of Ai-Petri.

2. from where the Black Sea is now visible for 135 kilometers.

3. they gracefully crawl along the slopes of Ai-Petri.

Answers

200 million years ago, the huge Tethys ocean was noisy where the Black Sea is now visible for 135 kilometers.

Karsting of Ai-Petri continues even now, when rain and melt water seep through cracks and dissolve limestone.

Rock lizards are especially beautiful in the light of the sun, when, shining with multi-colored scales, they gracefully crawl along the slopes of Ai-Petri.

The composed sentences are taken from Vladlen Avinda's lyrical guide. The real name of the Yalta writer Vladlen Petrovich Goncharov is a laureate of the State Prize of the ARC, the author of wonderful books about the Crimea.

4. Continue complex sentences. Specify the type subordinate clause .

When the last lesson is over...

As soon as we arrived in Sevastopol,…

We returned there...

5. Creative task.

teacher's word (photos shown).

Which of you has been to the Livadia Palace? How much do you know about him? Look at the photos, remember this amazing place. Let our next task help you not only repeat the new material, but also once again remember one of the Crimean sights.

Exercise. Compose short story on the topic "Livadia Palace", using complex sentences. Specify the type of adjectives..

Samples can be used:

Numerous excursions go to where…

Since the luxurious white stone palace was built in Livadia, …

..., where the residence of the imperial family was located.

…, from where you can go to one of the best parks on the southern coast of Crimea.

VIII. Reflective stage lesson

2-3 people perform with short essay on the topic "What we learned today, what was interesting in the lesson."

2-3 people express their opinion about what worked and did not work for them, what and why remained incomprehensible.

IX. Homework.

1) Theoretical material learn (pp. 80 and 81).

2) Exercise 104

Or

Compose a short story on the topic "Crimea in my life" using SPP.

APPENDIX

Handout.

Complex sentences with clauses of time

The adverbial tense applies to the entire main part, indicates the time of the action in the main part, answers questionswhen? how long? since when? How long? and joins the main part with the help of subordinate unions when, as, until, barely, just, before, while, until, since, suddenly and etc.:

Ever since we went to the sea, I've been thinking about him all the time.

If there is a word with the meaning of time in the main part, including a demonstrative word then , adnexal joins conjunction word when , stands after this word in the main part and refers specifically to it:

Today, when I opened the window, my room was filled with the smell of flowers.- the subordinate clause refers to the adverb now and is joined by the allied word when, which is a circumstance.

In the absence of an index word, the subordinate part in the NGN of time can be in any position in relation to the main part.

Complex sentences with subordinate clauses

Adnexal places indicate the place or direction of movement, answer questionswhere? where? where?They do not refer to the entire main part, but to one word in it - the circumstance of the place, expressed pronominal adverb(there, there, from there, nowhere, everywhere, everywhere). The means of communication in NGN with subordinate places are allied words where, where, from where, speaking in syntactic function circumstances:

And where yesterday the sun shone, autumn mist reigned.

AT colloquial speech the correlative adverb in the main part can be omitted, and this part becomes incomplete, the subordinate part refers to this omitted adverb, for example:

He went where he wanted, - in the main part the word is missing there.

Usually subordinate clauses are placed after the demonstrative word in the main part. The location of the subordinate part in front of the main part is presented only in colloquial speech, mainly in proverbs and sayings:

Where it is thin, it breaks there.

In Russian, sentences are divided into simple and complex. Their difference is that simple ones have one grammatical basis, in complex ones there can be two or more. AT syntactic constructions, consisting of several parts, one of three types of communication can be used: coordinating, unionless or subordinating. Complex sentences with (Grade 9) are the most extensive topic due to the number of values ​​\u200b\u200bof the dependent part from the main one.

The concept of a complex sentence

A syntactic construction in which one part is dependent on another is called a complex structure. It always has a main (from which the question is raised) and an additional part. The sentences that are part of such a structure are combined or, for example:

1. The boy realized (what?) that his deceit was exposed (main part- the boy understood to which the subordinate clause is attached with the help of the subordinating conjunction "what").
2. Than to be second in Rome, it is better to be first in the province(under what condition?) (the main clause - it is better to be the first in the province - is connected with the dependent conjunction "what").
3. A wind (what?) blew from the north, which forced everyone to button up their jackets(the main sentence - the wind blew from the north - is connected with the subordinate allied word "which").

Depending on how the parts of a complex sentence are connected, they are divided into 4 types:

• with the help of unions to what, how, whether (I could hear the gate creak);
• with attributive clauses, attached by allied words which, which, whose, what, where other ( I bought the car I dreamed of for a long time);
• with an adjective clause using allied words why, why, why and what (In the evenings, mother bathed her son, after which she always read him a fairy tale);
We climbed to observation deck from where the city was most visible).

The last type of syntactic constructions are divided into types according to their meaning.

Types of adverbial clauses

In complex sentences, the dependent part, answering questions inherent in circumstances, is called that. Below are the circumstances. The table briefly conveys all their types:

time	as soon as the curtain went up, the orchestra played (when?)
places	they came home, where a hot supper and a warming grog were already waiting for them (where?)
causes	the children laughed (for what reason?) because the dog stood on hind legs and wagged her curly tail
conditions	if you are nearby, please come to us (under what condition?)
goals	I went to the store (for what purpose?) to buy bread for dinner
concessions	he was silent (in spite of what?), despite the fact that the resentment against his friend was strong
comparisons	something rumbled outside the window (like what?), like a distant thunderstorm
course of action	we all did so (how?) as indicated in the note
measures and degrees	the girl was so shy (to what extent?) that she would never talk to a stranger first
consequences	over the summer, Yegor grew up, so that now he took second place in the ranks (as a result of what?)

Compound sentences with adverbial clauses are connected by conjunctions and allied words, depending on the meaning they define.

Adventitious images and degrees of action

This type of complex sentences in its dependent part gives an explanation of how the action was performed or indicates the degree of quality of the attribute of the subject that is being discussed in the main one.

In such syntactic constructions, subordinate clause questions are raised: “how?”, “how?”, “to what extent?”, “to what extent?” other. The dependent part corresponds to:

A complex sentence with an adverbial adverbial mode of action is always constructed in such a way that the main part comes before the dependent. If you swap them, a different value is formed. For example:

1. The snow was so bright (to what extent?) that the eyes began to water after a few minutes of being outside.
2. My eyes started watering after a few minutes of being outside (for what reason?) because the snow was so bright.

Time clause

When the dependent part in indicates when the event took place, then this is a complex sentence with a clause of adverbial tense. At the same time, the dependent part does not refer to a separate concept, but to the entire main one, and gives answers to the questions “when?”, “How long?”, “until when?”, “since when?”

They are connected with the help of temporary unions "when", "as soon as", "barely", "until", "until", "since" and others. At the same time, the main sentence may contain words that have the meaning of time, for example, “then”, “after”, “until then”, etc. For example, complex sentences with adverbial clauses from the literature:

1. On the day (when exactly?) when I made this decision, someone hit me on the shoulder in the Criterion Bar (A. Conan Doyle).
2. Now sit here for a while (how long?) while I run out to eat (J. Simenon).

In such syntactic constructions, complex conjunctions can be used, which are separated by a comma into two parts. Moreover, one of them is in the main sentence as a demonstrative word, and the second - in the subordinate clause in the form of a union ( It's been 30 years since he left his hometown).

In the event that the index word is absent, the dependent part can be both before and after the main one, but in two cases it is fixed:

1. If complex sentences with adverbial clauses use the unions “as”, “as suddenly”, then they are after the main ( Dinner was about to end when another guest arrived.).
2. If double conjunctions are used, such as "when ... then", "only ... how", "when .... then". AT this case the adjective is in front of main part, and the second fragment of the double union can be omitted ( When the first snow falls, the flock will move south).

In other cases, the place of the subordinate clause can change without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

adnexal places

A complex sentence with an adverbial clause (examples below) can indicate the place of action or its direction. It answers the questions “where?”, “Where?”, “From where?” and refers to a specific word in the main part, which can be expressed by an adverb (there, there, from there, everywhere, everywhere and others).

1. Everywhere (where exactly?), wherever you look, there was water.
2. I come from a place (where?), where poverty has never been known.

The compound sentence is connected with the adverbial clause of the place by the allied words “where?”, “Where?”, “Where from?” The dependent part in such syntactic constructions comes after the word being defined.

Subordinate condition

Complex sentences with adverbial adverbial clauses answer the questions “under what condition?”, “In what case?” Such syntactic constructions indicate the conditions under which the actions named in the main part are performed. In them, the dependent clause can refer both to the main part and to a separate predicate, and join with the help of the unions “if”, “how” (in the definition of “if”), “if”, “if” and “when” (in role "if").

A complex sentence with a subordinate adverbial clause (the examples below confirm this) conditions can be found both before the main one and after it:

1. If you want so much, be according to this (on what condition?).
2. You can get a chance to win the lottery (in which case?) if you buy tickets regularly.
3. If you buy tickets regularly, you can win the lottery (the content of the offer has not changed from the rearrangement).

Often, such syntactic constructions use conjunctions consisting of two parts: “if ... then”, “if .... yes, if... then" ( If it rains tomorrow, then we will not go for mushrooms.).

adjective purpose

Goals indicate the purpose for which the action indicated in its main part is performed. They provide answers to the questions “why?”, “for what purpose?”, “for what?”

Parts of such a syntactic construction are joined by the unions “to”, “in order to”, “in order to”, “if only”, “then so that” and others, for example:

1. In order to walk faster, he quickened his steps (for what purpose?).
2. To be useful people, you need to work hard on yourself (for what?).
3. I said this in order (why?) to annoy my father.

Complex alliances can be separated, then there is a comma between them. One part remains in the main clause, and the union "to" - in the dependent.

Clause of reason

Complicated sentences with adverbial adverbial reasons indicate the basis of what is being said in the main part. The dependent clause is fully related to the main one and answers the questions “for what reason?”, “why?”, “why?” and is joined by unions “because”, “good”, “because”, “because”, “because” and others, for example:

1. Due to the fact that we rallied, the rivals could not defeat us (for what reason?).
2. She was sad (why?), because autumn brought rain and cold.
3. We decided to make a halt (why?) because we walked for six hours in a row.

The subordinate clause in such syntactic constructions usually comes after the main clause.

Adventitious corollary

In complex sentences with similar subordinate clauses, a conclusion is drawn from the content of the main part. It answers the question "what happened because of this?" The dependent fragment is attached to the main union "so" and always comes after it, for example:

1. The heat intensified (what happened because of this?), so we had to look for shelter.
2. The girl began to cry (what happened because of this?), so I had to give in to her request.

This type of structure should not be confused with subordinate degrees and the measures in which the adverb "so" and the union "what" are used ( Over the summer, he was so tanned that his hair looked white.).

Adventitious assignment

Complicated sentences with these subordinate clauses give explanations for events that occurred contrary to what was discussed in the main part.

They answer the questions “despite what?”, “Despite what?” and join the main body:

• unions “although”, “even though ... but”, “despite the fact that”, “let”, “let” ( There were big puddles outside even though it rained yesterday);
• allied words with the particle "neither" - "no matter how", "no matter how much" "whatever" ( No matter how much grandfather made a rocking chair, it came out lopsided).

Thus, subordinate concessions indicate why the action did not work.

Adverbial clauses

Adverbial clauses replace the position of circumstances different kind and answer questions specific to the circumstances. In Russian are presented the following types adverbial clauses: time, place, cause, effect, condition, concession, comparison, mode of action, measure and degree. In all three educational complexes these types of subordinate clauses are distinguished, but adventitious images actions and degrees are united in them in one group.

Complex sentences with clauses of time

The adverbial tense applies to the entire main part, indicates the time of the action in the main part, answers questions when? how long? since when? How long? and joins the main part with the help of subordinate unions when, as, until, barely, just, before, while, until, since, suddenly and etc.:

Since we know each other, you gave me nothing but suffering(M. Yu. Lermontov).

Just now you stop, he starts a long tirade(M. Yu. Lermontov).

If there is a word with the meaning of time in the main part, including index word then, adnexal joins allied word when, stands after this word in the main part and refers specifically to it :

Today , when I opened the window, my room was filled with the smell of flowers growing in a modest front garden(M. Yu. Lermontov) - the subordinate clause refers to the adverb today and joins with an allied word when, which is a circumstance.

From sentences with a correlative adverb in the main part, sentences with complex alliances, which can be split into two parts by a comma. Such unions are found not only in NGN with subordinate clauses, but in their other types. Breaking the union with a comma does not change its part-of-speech affiliation and the type of the subordinate clause. For example, suggestions It's raining,since we returned and It's rainingsince then , as we returned have the same union since.

AT scientific literature the point of view is also presented, according to which, when the union is divided by a comma, it splits into two parts, the first part is included in the main sentence as a correlative word, and the second plays the role of the union. The type of the subordinate clause may change. For example, a proposal It happened at a time when no one was in this case, it should be interpreted not as NGN with a clause of time, but as NGN with an attributive clause.

In the absence of an index word, the subordinate part in the NGN of time can be in any position in relation to the main part. There are only two cases when the position of the subordinate part is fixed.

1) union used how, suddenly expressing the attitude of surprise, surprise between the situations named in the main and accessory parts. The subordinate part comes after the main part:

My hat was almost full of nutsSuddenly I heard a rustle(A. S. Pushkin);

2) a two-component (double) union is used when --then, just --how, when --then etc. The second component of these unions is placed in the main part and can be omitted; the subordinate part is located in front of the main:

Barely I threw on a cloakas snow fell(M. Yu. Lermontov).

Temporal clauses contain an indication of the time of the action or manifestation of the sign, which is referred to in the main part of the sentence. Time clauses answer the questions "when?", "how long?", "since when?", "until when?", "for how long?" and relate to the entire main part: As you enter the cast-iron gate (when?), A blissful shiver will touch your body (A. Akhmatova); On the blue waters of the ocean, only the stars will flash in the sky, a lonely ship (when?) rushes, rushes in full sail (M. Lermontov); Someone put a letter on the hoop. and disappeared (when?), before Marya Kirilovna had time to form herself (A. Pushkin); As we moved towards Lake Khanka, the current became slower (when?) (V. Arseniev).
Time clauses can perform the function of spreading the main part when there is no time circumstance in it: the Sun was already high when I opened my eyes (V. Garshin); When we returned back, the forest woke up and came to life and was completely filled with bird joyful hubbub (A. Kuprin), or to clarify the circumstance of time available in the main one: Before, when I was younger, my relatives and friends knew what to do with me .. (A. Chekhov); In the spring, when the earth thaws, people also seem to become softer (M. Gorky).
Temporal relationships in a complex sentence can be complicated by causal and comparative-opposite ones: When a person is tired and wants to sleep, it seems to him that nature is experiencing the same state (A. Chekhov); While the servants were managing and fussing, the gentleman went to the common room (N. Gogol). In these proposals, the relationship in time is relegated to the background. Uncomplicated temporary relations are established only in those sentences whose subordinate clauses contain an indication of certain definitions of time (When ten years have passed ...; When morning came, etc.).
Temporary accessory parts can occupy any position in relation to the main part. Restrictions are connected only with those cases when they specify the meaning of the time present in the main part of the circumstance and, naturally, are placed after it: And now, when I close my eyes, I see only parental home(S. Yesenin); Everywhere, where only the forest was before, white canvases of moonlight lay on the ground (V. Kataev).
A certain order of the parts is also associated with the use of double unions. In such cases, the main part, necessarily post-positive, has words-clamps: As soon as Rostov managed to hand over the letter and tell the whole story of Denisov, quick steps pounded from the stairs (JI. Tolstoy); When a writer turns from a narrator into a thinker, then he is a true artist (Yu. Bondarev); When he opened his eyes, attentive warm sparks already shone in them (A. Kuprin).
The order of the parts is also obligatory in sentences like: In less than ten minutes, we started off; The peasant did not have time to gasp, as a bear settled on him (I. Krylov), where temporary relations are created by the general semantics of lexically limited and structurally related revolutions, and ... how; I didn’t have time ... how, not a day passed ... so that, I didn’t have time ... ah. Such sentences are expressively colored (a type of sentence with the so-called mutual subordination).
Compound sentences expressing temporal relations are divided by meaning into sentences with the relation of simultaneity and sentences with the relation of difference in time. These relations are expressed by the means of communication (conjunctions and allied words) and the temporal meanings of verbs.
The relation of simultaneity is expressed in sentences with subordinate, attached conjunctions when, while, how, for now, while, while verb forms (usually verbs in the main and subordinate clauses do not perfect look one time).
The union when serves to express the relationship of simultaneity without emphasizing the coincidence in time of the actions of the main and subordinate parts: It is especially good in the gazebo on quiet autumn nights, when unhurried sheer rain rustles in the garden (K. Paustovsky); There were moments when she screamed talentedly, died talentedly (A. Chekhov); Grandfather was a quirky old man and did not disdain to make ladies on the side when he went to a cab (F. Gladkov). Quite rarely, the union is used in the same meaning as (archaic or colloquial): As the hay harvest approached, dry, hot weather set in (Yu. Nagibin). The union when can be correlated with the adverb then in the main part, emphasizing the moment of coincidence of the action: Similar thoughts began to come to my mind at the end of my life, when I settled scores with my youth (V. Kataev); Then the orphan is given a holiday when they give a white shirt (Proverb).
Unions for the time being, for the time being, for the time being, emphasize the coincidence of the terms of action, show that the action of the main part completely fits into the period of time of the subordinate: Or not me for four years, while the war was going on, every weather was ruffling, every ride was shaking (A. Tvardovsky); And while the mad beast rushed about the cage, the owner of the menagerie admired him, admired his strength (V. Bianchi); Strike while the iron is hot (Proverb); While we were crossing the clearing, the Turks managed to fire a few shots (V. Garshin).
The union while (with perfective verbs) emphasizes the moment of coincidence of the action of the subordinate part with the action of the main part: While my friend stopped, a large butterfly flashed before my eyes (S. Aksakov); While Yegorushka was looking at sleepy faces, soft singing was suddenly heard (A. Chekhov).
The relation of different times is expressed by unions when, while, for now, while, after, since, since, as soon as, just, just, only, just a little, as, barely, only, before, before, before how, as well as the ratio of aspectual forms of verbs-predicates and the order of location of the main and subordinate parts of the sentence.
Compound sentences with a time difference relationship have two main varieties: in some sentences, the action of the main part follows the action of the subordinate clause, in others, the action of the main clause precedes the action of the subordinate clause.
The most common are constructions with the designation that the action or state referred to in the main part of the sentence follows the action or state indicated in the subordinate clause. To express such a sequence in time, unions are used when, after, since, as soon as, just now, only just, only "only, only, a little, as, barely, only. The predicates in this case are expressed in verb forms of the perfect form and less often - imperfect.
Since the union when is also used in sentences with a relation of simultaneity, the main means of expressing a sequence of actions or states is verb form perfect form in the accessory part.
Compound sentences with a conjunction when, in the presence of perfective verbs in the main and subordinate parts, indicate that the action of the main part follows the action of the subordinate: When the drummer entered the hut, Petya sat away from him (JI. Tolstoy); When the clatter of his horse had already died down, I went around to the terrace and again began to look into the garden (JI. Tolstoy). The presence of a verb in the main part of the sentence imperfect form serves as a means of indicating that the performance of the action of the subordinate part coincides with the continuation of the action of the main part: When you know a lot, it is difficult to compose (D. Granin); And when, through the waves of incense, the choir thunders, rejoicing and threatening, the same inevitable eyes look into the soul strictly and stubbornly (A. Akhmatova).
In complex sentences with conjunctions like, as soon as, only, only, just, only, just, a little, it is barely indicated that the action or state of the main part of the sentence follows the action or state (or its beginning) of the subordinate clause especially quickly : This story continued every time Azamat (M. Lermontov) came; And as soon as he sees his native land in the darkness of the night, again his heart trembles and his eyes burn with fire (M. Lermontov); A little morning lit up the guns and forests blue tops, the French are right there (M. Lermontov); As soon as morning came, the singing of doors was heard throughout the house (N. Gogol); As soon as the sun came out from behind the mountain and began to illuminate the valley, the wavy clouds of fog dissipated (L. Tolstoy).
The union after indicates that the action of the main part of the sentence begins only after the end of the subordinate clause: After the glasses prescribed for me were made, it was time to leave Moscow (M. Isakovsky); For some reason, ice drift begins most often on dark nights, after the "ravines go" (K. Paustovsky).
Union ever since stresses initial moment actions of the main part: Since she refused Andrei, the old man was officially dry with Ionna, and Marianna barely answered her (V. Panova). Complex unions after, since others can be dismembered, in the subordinate part in this case there remains only a union as: Since my driver was riding behind, he seemed to have become more cheerful and talkative (JI. Tolstoy).
Another group of sentences with a relation of different times are sentences in which the action or state of the main part precedes the action or state of the subordinate clause. In such sentences, the clause is joined by conjunctions before, before, before, bye, bye, bye.
Proposals with unions before, before they can be complicated by comparative-adversative relations: And, even before Seryozhka could consider what it was, he realized from the chirp that filled the steppe that it was a detachment of motorcyclists moving (A. Fadeev). There may not be such a complication: Before teaching a boy, I must know his soul (A. Chekhov); It was necessary to try many roads before settling on any of them (N. Dobrolyubov).
An uncomplicated indication that the action or state of the main part of the sentence precedes the action or state of the subordinate clause is contained in sentences with a conjunction before: work, before going to the draft board... (A. Fadeev); Before setting off again, Alexey Meresyev cut a stick out of juniper (B. Polevoy). Union before it can be dismembered; He jumped out of the house at the very last moment before the roof collapsed (V. Ilyenkov).
The same meaning can be conveyed by unions for the time being, for the time being, for the time being, but indicating the limit to which the action of the main part continues: But on other days it was necessary to peer and fumble for a long time until a family of boletus mushrooms in tight caps was found - (V. Nabokov); I will go to bed and whisper poetry until I fall asleep (M. Gorky).
The designation of the limit can be emphasized by the presence in the main part of the combination until: For some reason, I did not attach any importance to the silent indication of the dog and went about my thoughts until a new rustle was heard from behind me (M. Prishvin).
Among complex sentences with adjectives of time of this type there are sentences whose subordinate clauses acquire greater independence, which brings these sentences closer to compound ones. Such transitional cases between composition and submission arise when using the union as (in combination with suddenly): I was about to get up and try my luck again, when suddenly my eyes stopped on a motionless human image (I. Turgenev); Andriy sped up and almost overtook Golokopytenko, when suddenly someone's strong hand grabbed the reins of his horse (N. Gogol).
It is necessary to distinguish the clauses of time from other clauses attached by the allied word when: There are such blessed minutes (what?) When a person wants to be silent (V. Povolyaev) - attributive clause; Even before the trial, the cells discussed (what?), when they would be led through the stage (L. Tolstoy) - an explanatory clause; Whenever I evil person was, so would I (under what condition?) let the prey out of my hands (D. Mamin-Sibiryak) - subordinate clause; When Karetnikov woke up, he could not (when?) take his head off something solid (V. Povolyaev) - an adjective of time.