Compound sentence with conjunction when. Compound sentences with the connective union YES AND

The union "and" can connect:

• homogeneous members of the sentence (definition and definition, predicate and predicate, etc.);
• simple sentences in complex.

Putting a comma before the union "and" connecting homogeneous members of the sentence.

A comma is PUT if the union "and"

1. with homogeneous members it is repeated:

And the birch is sweet both in the sun, and on a gray day, and in the rain.

2. connects more than two homogeneous members:

In the forest alone it is noisy, and creepy, and sad, and fun.

A comma is NOT SET if

1. homogeneous members are connected in pairs (pairs are separated from each other):

In Crete they lived freely and cheerfully, wide open and open.

Putting a comma before the union "and", connecting simple sentences as part of a complex one.

A comma is PLACED if

1. simple sentences are combined as part of a compound:, and.

A thunderstorm was approaching, and the clouds covered the entire sky.

2. after the subordinate part of the sentence, the second part of the double union TO, HOW or BUT follows:

He wore dark glasses, a sweatshirt, his ears were stuffed with cotton , and when I got into a cab, then ordered to rise up.

Occasionally a small snowflake stuck to the outside of the glass , and if you look closely, then one could see its finest crystalline structure.

A comma is NOT SET if

1. both parts of a compound sentence have general minor member , most often this is a circumstance of place or time, less often an addition:

On the tree at school(here is a common minor term) children read poems and Santa Claus gave them gifts.

At the Snow Maiden (and this is also him) there were large gray eyes and white braids fell to the waist.

2. combined two impersonal sentences(that is, there is no subject in the sentence), having synonymous members in their composition:

Necessary wrap your throat with a scarf and necessary try rinsing it with baking soda.

3. general subordinate clause:

While Santa Claus saved the Snow Maiden, The Wolf and the Fox stole the lights from the Christmas tree and the holiday was again under threat.

4. general introductory word(most often this is a word indicating the same source of the message for both parts:

According to the wanderer Feklusha, people in this country with dog heads and a fiery serpent for speed began to harness.

Fortunately, New Year happens only once in 365 days and gifts in such quantities have to be bought infrequently.

5. two interrogative, motivating, exclamatory or nominal sentences are combined:

Who are you and where did you come from?

Let the winter end and warm days come!

6. connect two homogeneous subordinate clauses as part of a complex-subordinate sentence:

We went on a hike when the rain stopped andwhen the sun came out.

Important! In cases where a comma is placed before the union “and”, connecting SIMPLE SENTENCES IN THE COMPOSITION OF A COMPLEX SUBJECT, the logic of setting the sign is the same as with homogeneous members.

It seemed as if the whole forest was being uprooted at once, and the earth was groaning in pain.(union & single)

He recalled how the Nazis suddenly attacked them, and how they were surrounded, and how the detachment still managed to get through to their own.(conjunction AND repeated)

Do you know the scientific name that begins with the word complicated...

Words that form two roots are called compound words.

For example, rhinoceros(two roots nose- and horn-, the letter o is a connecting vowel), vacuum cleaner(the roots are dust- and sos-, the letter e is a connecting vowel).

Proposals are also difficult. In them, as in words, several parts are connected.

Lesson topic: “Simple and complex sentences. Unions".

Read the sentences and think about how they differ from each other?

1) The bell rang.

2) The children entered the classroom.

3) The first lesson has begun.

4) The bell rang, the guys went into the classroom, the first lesson began.

Let's find the grammar.

A sentence with one grammatical basis is a simple sentence.

1, 2 and 3 offers simple, because in each of them on one basis.

4 offer complex, consists of three simple sentences. Each part of a complex sentence has its main members, its own basis.

An offer with two or more grammar basics,- difficult sentence. Compound sentences are made up of several simple sentences. How many simple sentences, so many parts in a complex sentence.

The parts of a complex sentence are not just simple ones joined together.

Together, these parts continue, complement each other, transform different thoughts into one more complete one. AT oral speech on the border of the parts of a complex sentence there is no intonation of the end of each thought.

Remember: in writing commas are usually placed between the parts of a complex sentence.

Determine if the sentence is complex or simple. First, let's find the main members (bases) of the sentences and count how many bases are in each.

1) At the edge of the forest, the voices of birds are already heard.

2) Tits sing, a woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, thawed fields will be exposed, streams will murmur, rooks will come.(According to G. Skrebitsky)

1) At the edge of the forest, bird voices are already heard.

2) Tits sing, a woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

Who? tits, what are they doing? chant - the first basis.

Who? dude what is he doing? taps - the second basis.

This is a complex sentence, consisting of two parts.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, the fields will be barethawed patches , brooks murmur, rooks will welcome.

What? the sun, what will it do? warm - the first basis.

The roads will turn black - the second basis.

thawed patches will be exposed - the third basis.

Streams murmur - the fourth basis.

Rooks welcome - the fifth basis.

This is a compound sentence with five parts.

Read complex sentences. Observe how the parts of a complex sentence are connected?

1) Winter approaching , the cold sky often frowns.

Parts 1 of a complex sentence are connected using intonation. There is a comma between parts of the sentence.

2) The sun was warm during the day , a at night frosts reached five degrees.

3) Wind calmed down , and the weather has improved.

4) The sun just got up , but its rays were already illuminating the tops of the trees.

Parts 2, 3, 4 of sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions a, and, but. The union is preceded by a comma.

Each of the unions does its job. The union connects words, and the unions a, but also help to oppose something.

When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma. If parts of a complex sentence are joined by unions (and, but, but), a comma is placed before the union.

The sentences of our language are very diverse. Sometimes with one subject there can be several predicates, or with one predicate there can be several subjects. Such members of the sentence are called homogeneous. Homogeneous members answer the same question and refer to the same member of the sentence. In the diagram, we will circle each homogeneous member.

What conclusion can be drawn from the comparison of these schemes?

The first line contains diagrams complex sentences, and in the second line - diagrams of simple sentences with homogeneous predicates (they are shown in a circle).

AT simple sentences x s homogeneous members and in complex sentences, the same conjunctions are used between their parts: and, but.

Remember!

1. Before unions ah, but always put a comma.

2. Union and requires special attention: connects homogeneous members - a comma is most often not put; used between parts of a complex sentence - a comma is usually needed.

Let's practice. Let's put in the missing commas.

1) At night, the dog crept up to the dacha and lay down under the terrace.

2) People were sleeping and the dog jealously guarded them. (According to L. Andreev)

3) The pelican wandered around us, hissed, shouted, but did not give up. (According to K. Paustovsky)

4) Spring is shining in the sky, but the forest is still covered with snow in winter. (M. Prishvin)

1) At night, the dog crept up to the cottage and lay down under the terrace.

The sentence is simple, since one stem, one subject and two predicates - the dog crept up and lay down. Union and connects homogeneous predicates, so a comma is not put.

2) People slept, and the dog jealously guarded them.

The proposal is complex, since there are two bases - people were sleeping, the dog was guarding. Union and connects parts of a complex sentence, so a comma is needed before the conjunction.

3) Pelican wandered around us, hissed, shouted, but did not give into hands.

The proposal is simple, since one stem, one subject and 4 predicates - the pelican wandered, hissed, shouted, did not give up. before the union but always put a comma. We put commas between homogeneous predicates.

4) Spring shines in the sky, but the forest is still covered with snow in winter.

The proposal is complex, since there are two foundations - spring is shining, the forest is covered. before the union but always put a comma.

Consider the schemes and decide which schemes hide complex sentences, and which ones are simple ones with homogeneous members; in which of them you need to put punctuation marks.

The first three schemes reflect the structure of a simple sentence with homogeneous main members. They are circled. In scheme 1, a comma is not needed, since the union connects homogeneous subjects and. In 2 and 3 schemes, commas should be placed. 4 scheme corresponds to a complex sentence. It should also include a comma between parts of a complex sentence.

Sentences that include words that, that, therefore, because, are most often complex. These words usually begin a new part of a complex sentence. In such cases, they are always preceded by a comma.

Let's give examples.

We saw, what the she-wolf crawled along with the cubs into the hole.

what a comma is placed.

All night long winter knitted lace patterns, to trees dressed up. (K. Paustovsky)

This is a complex sentence, before the word to a comma is placed.

Birds able to communicate everything with their voice , That's why they sing.

This is a complex sentence, before the word That's why a comma is placed.

I lovefairy tales, because in them, good always triumphs over evil.

This is a complex sentence, before the word because a comma is placed.

1. One afternoon, Winnie the Pooh was walking through the forest and grumbling a new song under his breath.

2. Winnie the Pooh got up early, in the morning he diligently did gymnastics.

3. Winnie quietly reached the sandy slope.

(B. Zakhoder)

3.

Sentence 1 corresponds to scheme 3, since this is a simple sentence with one subject (Winnie the Pooh) and two predicates (walked and grumbled).

Scheme 1 corresponds to sentence 2, since this complex sentence has two bases (Winnie the Pooh got up, he was engaged). A comma separates parts of a sentence.

Sentence 3 corresponds to scheme 2, since this is a simple sentence with one base (Winnie got it).

In the lesson, you learned that a sentence in which there are two or more grammatical bases - complex offer. Parts of complex sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions. a, and, but. When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma.

1. M.S.Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Textbook. Grade 3: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
2. M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Workbook. Grade 3: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
3. T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks In Russian. Grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
4. T. V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
5. L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya creative tasks In Russian. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
6. G.T Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 classes. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

1. School-collection.edu.ru ().
2. The festival pedagogical ideas "Public lesson" ().
3. Zankov.ru ().

• Find the main clauses in the sentences. Which sentence of the text is difficult - 1st or 2nd? What is the name of the remaining proposal?

At the top of an alder tree a bird sat and opened its beak. The feathers on the swollen neck fluttered, but I did not hear the song.

(According to V. Bianchi)

• Insert two missing commas in sentences.

Winter hid in the dense forest. She looked out of the shelter and millions of little suns are hiding in the grass. Winter is angry! She waved her sleeve and covered the cheerful lights with snow. Dandelions are now flaunting in a yellow dress and then in a white fur coat. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Find an offer with an alliance and. What does it connect - homogeneous members or parts of a complex sentence? Underline the words you need to answer.

• Write unions and, but. Underline the basics, mark homogeneous members and put commas where necessary.

The ball climbed into the water _ Uncle Fyodor soaped it _ combed the wool. The cat walked along the shore _ sad about different oceans. (According to E. Uspensky)

The cat stole fish meat sour cream _ bread. Once he tore open a tin can of worms. He did not eat them _ chickens ran to the jar of worms _ pecked at our stock. (According to K. Paustovsky)

Required level.

Choose one answer and circle it (No. 1-7).

1. Not a complex offer.

1) The sounds of the guitar shocked him, he even stopped singing and only clicked admiringly.

2) Tits sat on the roof of the cage, poured snow on the crossbill and tinked in the very ear.

3) Red wings flashed, the Captain disappeared, flew away behind our house.

4) The Crooked Captain sang for days on end, his song sounded juicy and strong.

2. There is an error in the circuit.

1) [-=] and [-=].

2) [_=], and [-=].

3) [- =], and [- =].

4) [- =], but [- =].

3. Union but connects parts of a complex sentence.

1) The boy and the maid immediately ran out in search, but they could not find the soldier.

2) He felt the fire, but still stood firm, with a gun on his shoulder.

3) His boat slid down, but the poor man was still steadfast.

4) The tin soldier already saw the light ahead, but suddenly he heard a terrible noise.

4. You need to put a comma before the union and in the sentence

1) Archimedes made friends with the world of numbers from childhood and admired the logic of their strict laws all his life.

2) He lived a very long time and the memory of him was overgrown with shells of fiction and legends.

3) His father was a mathematician and astronomer and was related to the ruler of Syracuse.

4) Archimedes forgot about food and drew in the dust on the sand and even on his own body.

5. This is a scheme of a complex sentence, in one of the parts of which there are homogeneous members.

1) [- =, 0, and ].

2) [- = and O, and O, and O].

3) [- =], but [- =].

4) [- = O and O], and [- , 0].

6. Scheme [— =], and [— =], but [= —]. match the offer.

1) The tin soldier was touched, and he almost cried with tin, but he held himself back.

2) The fish darted back and forth, but suddenly a light flashed, and it froze.

3) The paper got completely wet, and the tin soldier was going to the bottom, but at that very moment the fish swallowed him.

4) The cook took tin soldier and took it to the room, but he did not become proud.

7. In summer, a hot wind will blow from the south, dry up the steppe, and plants will die from drought.

This proposal corresponds to the scheme.

1) [ - , ], and [= -].

2) [= -], [= -], and [= -].

3) [= -], [- and ].

8. Distribute the examples into groups indicated by numbers:

1) a simple sentence with homogeneous members.

2) a complex sentence.

3) a complex sentence, in one of the parts of which there are homogeneous members.

a) In Russia, lumberjacks fell trees, and raftsmen tie logs into rafts and float them down stormy rivers.

b) Both the walls, and the stairs, and the partitions of houses in Vietnam are made of bamboo.

c) The Japanese make their light houses from wooden planks, the partitions inside move apart.

d) Nigerians * weave walls from palm branches and coat them with clay on top.

*Nigerians are residents of Nigeria, a state in Africa.

Raised level.

Write your own answer on the line or in the indicated place (No. 9-10).

9. Explain graphically the arrangement of punctuation marks.

Dinosaurs were terrestrial reptiles. Among them there were both carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaurs. Scales covered the bodies of most of them, but they did not live in water, only occasionally entering rivers, lakes and swamps.

The largest animals on the planet were brontosaurs (translated as "thunder lizard"). The ground trembled and groaned under their weight. Their body was like that of an elephant, they had very long tails, and these animals weighed about forty tons. Brontosaurus lived primarily in the water, and the water served as a defense against their huge carnivorous lizard rivals.

(According to the encyclopedia for children "Everything about everything")

Dinosaurs - land reptiles - were both carnivores and arstivores.

The largest animals on the planet were brontosaurs, they weighed about 40 tons and lived in water.

10. Correct mistakes in commas and place missing punctuation marks.

The little girl stood on the ball and then suddenly ran, but the ball spun under her feet, and she went around the arena. She ran around the ball with her small legs, and the blue ball carried her on itself. She could ride it straight, backward, and left. Someone gave her various bell-shaped bracelets, and she put them on her shoes, and on her hands, and again began to slowly spin on the ball. In addition, the girl knew how to glow in the dark, and she slowly swam in a circle, and shone, and rang. And it was all like in a fairy tale.

They turned on the light, and the girl jumped off her balloon. I was suddenly very frightened, and jumped to my feet, and wanted to run to her. But the girl suddenly stopped, threw out her long arms, the orchestra fell silent, and she stood and smiled.

(V. Dragunsky "Girl on the ball")

Do you know the scientific name that begins with the word complicated...

Words that form two roots are called compound words.

For example, rhinoceros(two roots nose- and horn-, the letter o is a connecting vowel), vacuum cleaner(the roots are dust- and sos-, the letter e is a connecting vowel).

Proposals are also difficult. In them, as in words, several parts are connected.

Lesson topic: “Simple and complex sentences. Unions".

Read the sentences and think about how they differ from each other?

1) The bell rang.

2) The children entered the classroom.

3) The first lesson has begun.

4) The bell rang, the guys went into the classroom, the first lesson began.

Let's find the grammar.

A sentence with one grammatical basis is a simple sentence.

1, 2 and 3 offers simple, because in each of them on one basis.

4 offer complex, consists of three simple sentences. Each part of a complex sentence has its main members, its own basis.

A sentence with two or more grammatical bases is a compound sentence. Compound sentences are made up of several simple sentences. How many simple sentences, so many parts in a complex sentence.

The parts of a complex sentence are not just simple ones joined together.

Having united, these parts continue, complement each other, turn different thoughts into one, more complete one. In oral speech, on the border of parts of a complex sentence, there is no intonation of the end of each thought.

Remember: In written speech, commas are most often placed between parts of a complex sentence.

Determine if the sentence is complex or simple. First, let's find the main members (bases) of the sentences and count how many bases are in each.

1) At the edge of the forest, the voices of birds are already heard.

2) Tits sing, a woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, thawed fields will be exposed, streams will murmur, rooks will come.(According to G. Skrebitsky)

1) At the edge of the forest, bird voices are already heard.

2) Tits sing, a woodpecker taps loudly with its beak.

Who? tits, what are they doing? chant - the first basis.

Who? dude what is he doing? taps - the second basis.

This is a complex sentence, consisting of two parts.

3) Soon the sun will warm the earth better, the roads will turn black, the fields will be barethawed patches , brooks murmur, rooks will welcome.

What? the sun, what will it do? warm - the first basis.

The roads will turn black - the second basis.

thawed patches will be exposed - the third basis.

Streams murmur - the fourth basis.

Rooks welcome - the fifth basis.

This is a compound sentence with five parts.

Read complex sentences. Observe how the parts of a complex sentence are connected?

1) Winter approaching , the cold sky often frowns.

Parts 1 of a complex sentence are connected using intonation. There is a comma between parts of the sentence.

2) The sun was warm during the day , a at night frosts reached five degrees.

3) Wind calmed down , and the weather has improved.

4) The sun just got up , but its rays were already illuminating the tops of the trees.

Parts 2, 3, 4 of sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions a, and, but. The union is preceded by a comma.

Each of the unions does its job. The union connects words, and the unions a, but also help to oppose something.

When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma. If parts of a complex sentence are joined by unions (and, but, but), a comma is placed before the union.

The sentences of our language are very diverse. Sometimes with one subject there can be several predicates, or with one predicate there can be several subjects. Such members of the sentence are called homogeneous. Homogeneous members answer the same question and refer to the same member of the sentence. In the diagram, we will circle each homogeneous member.

What conclusion can be drawn from the comparison of these schemes?

The first line contains diagrams of complex sentences, and the second line - diagrams of simple sentences with homogeneous predicates (they are shown in a circle).

In simple sentences with homogeneous members and in complex sentences between their parts, the same conjunctions are used: and, but.

Remember!

1. Before unions ah, but always put a comma.

2. Union and requires special attention: connects homogeneous members - a comma is most often not put; used between parts of a complex sentence - a comma is usually needed.

Let's practice. Let's put in the missing commas.

1) At night, the dog crept up to the dacha and lay down under the terrace.

2) People were sleeping and the dog jealously guarded them. (According to L. Andreev)

3) The pelican wandered around us, hissed, shouted, but did not give up. (According to K. Paustovsky)

4) Spring is shining in the sky, but the forest is still covered with snow in winter. (M. Prishvin)

1) At night, the dog crept up to the cottage and lay down under the terrace.

The sentence is simple, since one stem, one subject and two predicates - the dog crept up and lay down. Union and connects homogeneous predicates, so a comma is not put.

2) People slept, and the dog jealously guarded them.

The proposal is complex, since there are two bases - people were sleeping, the dog was guarding. Union and connects parts of a complex sentence, so a comma is needed before the conjunction.

3) Pelican wandered around us, hissed, shouted, but did not give into hands.

The proposal is simple, since one stem, one subject and 4 predicates - the pelican wandered, hissed, shouted, did not give up. before the union but always put a comma. We put commas between homogeneous predicates.

4) Spring shines in the sky, but the forest is still covered with snow in winter.

The proposal is complex, since there are two foundations - spring is shining, the forest is covered. before the union but always put a comma.

Consider the schemes and decide which schemes hide complex sentences, and which ones are simple ones with homogeneous members; in which of them you need to put punctuation marks.

The first three schemes reflect the structure of a simple sentence with homogeneous main members. They are circled. In scheme 1, a comma is not needed, since the union connects homogeneous subjects and. In 2 and 3 schemes, commas should be placed. 4 scheme corresponds to a complex sentence. It should also include a comma between parts of a complex sentence.

Sentences that include words that, that, therefore, because, are most often complex. These words usually begin a new part of a complex sentence. In such cases, they are always preceded by a comma.

Let's give examples.

We saw, what the she-wolf crawled along with the cubs into the hole.

what a comma is placed.

All night long winter knitted lace patterns, to trees dressed up. (K. Paustovsky)

This is a complex sentence, before the word to a comma is placed.

Birds able to communicate everything with their voice , That's why they sing.

This is a complex sentence, before the word That's why a comma is placed.

I lovefairy tales, because in them, good always triumphs over evil.

This is a complex sentence, before the word because a comma is placed.

1. One afternoon, Winnie the Pooh was walking through the forest and grumbling a new song under his breath.

2. Winnie the Pooh got up early, in the morning he diligently did gymnastics.

3. Winnie quietly reached the sandy slope.

(B. Zakhoder)

3.

Sentence 1 corresponds to scheme 3, since this is a simple sentence with one subject (Winnie the Pooh) and two predicates (walked and grumbled).

Scheme 1 corresponds to sentence 2, since this complex sentence has two bases (Winnie the Pooh got up, he was engaged). A comma separates parts of a sentence.

Sentence 3 corresponds to scheme 2, since this is a simple sentence with one base (Winnie got it).

In the lesson, you learned that a sentence in which there are two or more grammatical bases - complex offer. Parts of complex sentences are connected using intonation and conjunctions. a, and, but. When writing, parts of a complex sentence are separated by a comma.

1. M.S.Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Textbook. Grade 3: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
2. M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. Grade 3: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
3. TV Koreshkova Test tasks in the Russian language. Grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
4. T. V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
5. L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
6. G.T. Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 classes. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

1. School-collection.edu.ru ().
2. Festival of pedagogical ideas "Open Lesson" ().
3. Zankov.ru ().

• Find the main clauses in the sentences. Which sentence of the text is difficult - 1st or 2nd? What is the name of the remaining proposal?

At the top of an alder tree a bird sat and opened its beak. The feathers on the swollen neck fluttered, but I did not hear the song.

(According to V. Bianchi)

• Insert two missing commas in sentences.

Winter hid in the dense forest. She looked out of the shelter and millions of little suns are hiding in the grass. Winter is angry! She waved her sleeve and covered the cheerful lights with snow. Dandelions are now flaunting in a yellow dress and then in a white fur coat. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Find an offer with an alliance and. What does it connect - homogeneous members or parts of a complex sentence? Underline the words you need to answer.

• Write unions and, but. Underline the basics, mark homogeneous members and put commas where necessary.

The ball climbed into the water _ Uncle Fyodor soaped it _ combed the wool. The cat walked along the shore _ sad about different oceans. (According to E. Uspensky)

The cat stole fish meat sour cream _ bread. Once he tore open a tin can of worms. He did not eat them _ chickens ran to the jar of worms _ pecked at our stock. (According to K. Paustovsky)

The offer is syntactic unit, characterized by semantic and grammatical completeness. One of its main features is the presence of predicative parts. According to the number of grammatical bases, all sentences are simple or complex. Both of them perform their main function in speech - communicative.

Types of complex sentences in Russian

As part of a complex, two or more simple sentences are distinguished, interconnected by conjunctions or only intonation. At the same time, its predicative parts retain their structure, but lose their semantic and intonational completeness. Methods and means of communication determine the types of complex sentences. A table with examples allows you to identify the main differences between them.

Compound sentences

Their predicative parts are independent in relation to each other and equal in meaning. They can be easily divided into simple ones and rearranged. As a means of communication are coordinating conjunctions which are divided into three groups. Based on them, there are the following types complex sentences with writing connection.

1. With connecting unions: AND, ALSO, YES (= AND), ALSO, NOR ... NOR, NOT ONLY ... BUT AND, HOW ... SO AND, YES AND. At the same time, parts compound unions will be located in different simple sentences.

The whole city was already asleep, I too went home. Soon Anton Not only read all the books home library, but also turned to his comrades.

A feature of compound sentences is that the events described in different predicative parts can occur simultaneously ( And thunder rumbled, and the sun broke through the clouds), sequentially ( The train rumbled and a dump truck followed him) or one follows from the other ( It's already quite dark and had to disperse).

1. With opposing unions: BUT, A, HOWEVER, YES (= BUT), ZATO, SAME. These types of complex sentences are characterized by the establishment of opposition relations ( Grandpa seemed to understand everything. but Grigory had to convince him of the need for a trip for a long time.) or matching ( Some fussed in the kitchen a others began to clean the garden) between its parts.
2. With divisive unions: EITHER, OR, NOT THAT ... NOT THAT, THAT ... THAT, OR ... OR. The first two unions can be single or repetitive. It was time to get to work, or he was going to be fired. Possible relationships between parts: mutual exclusion ( Whether Pal Palych really had a headache, either he just got bored), alternation ( Her whole day then covered melancholy, then suddenly approached an inexplicable fit of fun).

Considering the types of complex sentences with a coordinating connection, it should be noted that the connecting unions ALSO, ALSO and the adversative SAME are always located after the first word of the second part.

The main types of complex sentences with a subordinate relationship

The presence of the main and dependent (subordinate) parts is their main quality. The means of communication are subordinating conjunctions or allied words: adverbs and relative pronouns. The main difficulty in distinguishing between them is that some of them are homonymous. In such cases, a hint will help: the allied word, unlike the union, is always a member of the sentence. Here are examples of such homoforms. I knew exactly what(union word, you can ask a question) I should look for. Tanya completely forgot what(union) the meeting was scheduled for the morning.

Another feature of NGN is the location of its predicative parts. The place of the adnexa is not clearly defined. It can stand before, after or in the middle of the main part.

Types of clauses in NGN

Traditionally, it is customary to correlate dependent parts with members of a sentence. Based on this, three main groups are distinguished into which such complex sentences are divided. Examples are presented in the table.

Type of adnexa		Question	Means of communication	Example
Determinants			Which, which, whose, when, what, where, etc.	There was a house by the mountain, a roof whom already lost some weight.
Explanatory		Case	What (s. and s.s.l.), how (s. and s.s.l.), so that, as if, as it were, either ... or who, like others.	Michael did not understand as solve the problem of.
circumstantial		When? How long?	When, while, how, barely, while, since, etc.	The boy waited until then Bye the sun hasn't set at all.
		Where? Where? Where?	Where, where, from where	Izmestiev put the papers there, where no one could find them.
		Why? From what?	Because, since, because, due to the fact that etc.	The cab driver stopped for the horses suddenly snorted.
	Consequences	What follows from this?		It cleared up in the morning so the squad moved on.
		Under what condition?	If, when (= if), if, once, in case	If a the daughter did not call for a week, the mother involuntarily began to worry.
		What for? For what purpose?	In order to, in order to, so that, in order to	Frolov was ready for anything to get this place.
		Despite what? Against what?	Although, despite the fact that, let, for nothing, whoever, etc.	The evening was generally a success. although and there were minor flaws in its organization.
	Comparisons	How? Like what?	As, as, exactly, as if, as, as, as, as, as, as,	Snowflakes flew down in large, frequent flakes, as if someone poured them out of a bag.
	Measures and degrees	To what extent?	What, to, how, as if, as if, how much, how much	There was such silence what it became somehow uncomfortable.
	Connecting		what (in indirect case), why, why, why = pronoun this	There was no car from what anxiety only increased.

NGN with multiple clauses

Sometimes a complex sentence may contain two or more dependent parts that relate to each other in different ways.

Depending on this, allocate the following ways links simple to complex sentences (examples help to build a diagram of the described structures).

1. With consistent submission. The next subordinate part depends directly on the previous one. It seemed to me, what this day will never end as more and more problems.
2. With parallel homogeneous subordination. Both (all) subordinate clauses depend on one word (the whole part) and belong to the same species. This construction resembles a sentence with homogeneous members. Between accessory parts there may be coordinating conjunctions. It soon became clear what it was all just a bluff and what no major decisions were made.
3. With parallel heterogeneous subordination. Dependents of various types and belong to different words(of the whole part). Garden, which sown in May, already gave the first harvest, because life became easier.

Associative compound sentence

The main difference is that the parts are connected only in meaning and intonation. Therefore, the relationship between them comes to the fore. It is they who influence the punctuation marks: commas, dashes, colons, semicolons.

Types of non-union complex sentences

1. The parts are equal, the order of their arrangement is free. Tall trees grew to the left of the road , to the right stretched a shallow ravine.
2. The parts are unequal, the second:

• reveals the contents of the 1st ( These sounds caused anxiety: (= namely) in the corner someone rustled insistently);
• complements the 1st ( I peered into the distance: there appeared someone's figure);
• indicates the reason Sveta laughed: (= since) the neighbor's face was smeared with mud).

3. Contrasting relationships between parts. This is manifested in the fact that:

• the first indicates a time or condition ( I'm five minutes late - no one else);
• into the second unexpected result ( Fedor just got overclocked - the opponent immediately remained in the tail); opposition ( The pain becomes unbearable - you endure); comparison ( Will look frowningly - Elena will immediately burn with fire).

JV with different types of communication

Often there are constructions that have three or more predicative parts in their composition. Accordingly, between them there can be coordinating and subordinating unions, allied words, or only punctuation marks (intonation and semantic relations). These are complex sentences (examples are widely presented in fiction) with various types connections. Michael has long wanted to change his life, but something constantly stopped him; as a result, the routine dragged him more and more every day.

The scheme will help to summarize information on the topic “Types of complex sentences”: