Although it sounds somewhat paradoxical, the discovery of the New World marked the appearance of the Old. Five centuries have passed since then, but old light is a concept that is still used today. What value was put into it before? What does it mean today?

Definition of the term

The Old World is that part of the land that was known to Europeans before the discovery of the American continent. The division was conditional and was based on the position of the lands relative to the sea. Merchants and travelers believed that there were three parts of the world: Europe, Asia, Africa. Europe lies in the north, Africa in the south, and Asia in the east. Subsequently, when the data on the geographical division of the continents became more accurate and complete, they found out that only Africa was a separate continent. However, the ingrained views were not so easily defeated, and all 3 continued to be traditionally mentioned separately.

Sometimes the name Afro-Eurasia is used to define the territorial array of the Old World. In fact, this is the largest continental mass - a supercontinent. It is home to approximately 85 percent of the world's population.

A period of time

When talking about the Old World, they often mean more than just a certain geographical location. These words carry information about a specific historical period, culture and the discoveries made then. It's about about the Renaissance, when the ideas of natural philosophy and experimental science replaced medieval asceticism and theocentrism.

The attitude of a person to the world around him is changing. Gradually, from the toy of a whole host of gods who have the power to dispose human life according to his whims and whims, a person begins to feel like the master of his earthly home. He strives for new knowledge, which leads to a number of discoveries. Attempts are made to explain the structure of the surrounding world with the help of mechanics. Measuring devices are being improved, including navigational ones. It is already possible to trace the origin of such natural sciences, as physics, chemistry, biology and astronomy, which are replacing alchemy and astrology.

The changes that took place then gradually paved the way for the expansion of the frontiers known world. They served as a prerequisite for the discovery of new lands. Courageous travelers went to uncharted lands, and their stories inspired even more daring and risky ventures.

The historical journey of Christopher Columbus

In August 1492, three well-equipped ships under the command of Christopher Columbus set sail from the harbor of Palos for India. It was a year, but the famous discoverer himself never knew that he had discovered a continent previously unknown to Europeans. He was sincerely sure that he had made all four of his expeditions to India.

The journey from the Old World to the new lands took three months. Unfortunately, it was neither cloudless, nor romantic, nor disinterested. The admiral hardly kept the subordinate sailors from rebellion on the first voyage, and the main driving force for the discovery of new territories there was greed, a lust for power and vanity. These ancient vices, brought from the Old World, subsequently brought much suffering and grief to the inhabitants of the American continent and nearby islands.

He didn't get what he wanted either. Going on his first voyage, he prudently tried to protect himself and secure his future. He insisted on the conclusion of a formal agreement, according to which he received title of nobility, the title of admiral and viceroy of the newly discovered lands, as well as a percentage of the income received from the above lands. And although the year of the discovery of America was supposed to be a ticket to a secure future for the discoverer, after a while Columbus fell out of favor and died in poverty without receiving the promise.

The New World Appears

Meanwhile, ties between Europe and the New World grew stronger. Trade was established, the development of lands lying in the depths of the mainland began, claims were formed various countries on these lands, the era of colonization began. And with the advent of the concept New World” in the terminology began to use the stable expression “Old World”. After all, before the discovery of America, the need for this simply did not arise.

It's interesting that traditional division to the Old and New Worlds remained unchanged. At the same time, Oceania and Antarctica, unknown during the Middle Ages, are not taken into account today.

For decades, the New World has been associated with the new and a better life. The American continent was in which thousands of immigrants sought to get. But in their memory they kept their native places. The Old World is traditions, origins and roots. Prestigious education, exciting cultural journeys, historical monuments- this is still associated today with European countries, with the countries of the Old World.

Wine lists replace geographical

If in the field of geography terminology, including the division of continents into the New and Old Worlds, this is already relatively a rare thing, then among winemakers such definitions are still at a premium. Exist set expressions: "Old World wines" and "New World wines". The difference between these drinks is not only in the place where the grapes grow and the location of the winery. They are rooted in the same differences that are characteristic of the continents.

Thus, the wines of the Old World, mostly produced in France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Austria, are distinguished by their traditional taste and delicate elegant bouquet. And the wines of the New World, which Chile, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand are famous for, are brighter, with obvious fruity notes, but somewhat losing in finesse.

Old World in the modern sense

Today, the term "Old World" is mainly applied to states located in Europe. In the vast majority of cases, neither Asia nor even Africa is taken into account. So, depending on the context, the expression "Old World" can include either as many as three parts of the world, or only European states.

The population of the New World is about 1 thousand people. The village is located in an incredible picturesque place and rich in attractions.

city ​​beach in the New World

view of the New World from the Karaul-Oba reserve

Checkpoint of the Novosvet factory of sparkling wines

origin of name

Until 1912, the village was called Paradise (translated as "paradise"). The name incredibly corresponded to the beauty of the mountain-sea landscapes and picturesque bays in these places. In 1912, Tsar Nicholas II visited the village. After that, the area was called the New World, as if with a hint of a parallel with the discovery of America by Columbus.

History of the New World

For the first time, the village of Paradise is mentioned in a Genoese treatise dated to the 13th century. Further, the history of the New World was in the general direction historical events on the Crimean peninsula. After the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 1783, B. Gallera became the first Russian owner of Paradise. In the 1820s, he sold his possessions to Princess A.S. Golitsyna, but soon she moved to Koreiz and sold the estate in Paradise to Prince Z.S. Kherkhulidzev.

1878 was a landmark year in the history of Paradise. It was then that Prince L.S. Golitsyn bought out part of the Kherkhulidzev estate with an area of ​​36 acres and planted vineyards here. Gradually, Lev Sergeyevich bought up plots adjacent to his. Thus, by 1912, Golitsyn's possessions in the Novy Svet amounted to more than 200 acres. More than 600 varieties of grapes were planted here, its properties were actively studied and winemaking developed.

Prince Lev Golitsyn was reputed to be quite direct, even sharp man and great original. He preferred life in the capital of Crimea, loved and was well versed in wine, possessed a unique collection of antiques and famous world wines. It was Prince L.S. Golitsyn who became the founder of the famous "Massandra", the first in Russia to establish the production of sparkling wines and traded them not only in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but presented them at international exhibitions. In the Novy Svet at the foot of Mount Koba-Kaya, on the orders of Golitsyn, grandiose cellars 3 versts long were built, in which the wine he created was stored.

1917 was a tragic year for the Golitsyn family. Some of their wealth was plundered, and some was confiscated by the Bolsheviks. Lev Sergeevich was already dead at that time. But the ashes of him and his wife disappeared from the family crypt. It is hoped that he was simply reburied to prevent desecration.

Today, the village is alive with winemaking traditions (there is a sparkling wine factory) and tourism.

Sights of the New World

• The sparkling wine factory, founded in 1878 by Prince L.S. Golitsyn himself, conducts tours and tastings for everyone. Also at the factory you can buy your favorite wine.
• The Golitsyn trail, laid along the edge of the rocks, along which regular walking tours are held.
• Chaliapin's grotto, in which stone arches have been preserved, where wine was stored under Golitsyn. Here, before the revolution, it was equipped concert hall due to excellent acoustics.
• Green Bay, in which the village of Novy Svet is located.
• Golubaya Bay and Tsarsky Beach, which Nicholas II once took a fancy to. Today, Blue Bay has been declared a protected area and tourists are not allowed into it. But you will be able to admire it from the sea if you order an appropriate boat trip.
• Blue Bay (Rogue) with a small beach and a through grotto, in which, according to legend, pirates once hid their treasures.
• Monument to Prince L.S. Golitsyn at the entrance of the Novy Svet sparkling wine factory.
• Crypt of the Golitsyns.
• Golitsyn Palace, with a museum located in it.
• Moorish-style Golitsyn Palace. It is he who is depicted on the coat of arms of the village of Novyi Svet.
• Relic juniper and pine groves in the vicinity of the New World.

Episodes of many famous films were filmed in the New World bays, such as:

• "Pirates of the XX century";
• "Amphibian Man";
• "Three plus two";
• "Sportloto-82";
• Treasure Island and others.

Advantages of rest in the New World

• The village is located in one of the most picturesque corners Crimea.
• The environs of the New World have the status of a reserve.
• In the vicinity of the village there are a lot of attractions that you can leisurely explore during your vacation.
• The New World is in close proximity from two other seaside resort centers: the city of Sudak and the village of Veseloe.
• From the New World as a souvenir, you can bring branded sparkling wine from a local factory.

Disadvantages of rest in the New World

• The beach in the New World is small and in the high season can hardly accommodate vacationers.
• Transport communication with the New World is very poorly established. By and large, the village can only be reached by private car or taxi.
• The village has a poorly developed entertainment and catering industry. The menu of the local cafes is quite poor, and the quality of food is low.
• Housing prices in the New World at the height of the season are quite high.
• The village is experiencing shortages of fresh water.

Links

• Wardrobe and make-up on vacation: bags to help
• A traveling mood. Or how not to feel like a donkey on a trip. , female social network myjulia.ru

Who, after all, swam across the ocean before and discovered the New World?

What does the word "opened" mean? First of all, that someone discovered something unknown before him. Geographic discoveries have a slightly different meaning. After all, people have lived in America and Australia for a long time, as in Europe. And what European navigators finally crossed and reached distant shores, means only that for themselves, for their civilization, they discovered lands unknown to them.

Who was the first to swim across the ocean?

Meanwhile, in the Chinese chronicles there were records that as early as seven centuries ago, Chinese sailors visited the distant coast, which today is called California. And five centuries before the birth of the glorious Columbus on the banks North America not only visited, but also settled Scandinavian sailors who already knew well. Going in search of new lands, they discovered Iceland, then Greenland and finally the North American continent. True, Europeans did not know about Chinese voyages. And they forgot about the exploits of the Vikings. So Columbus with his officers and crews was really the first to open the way through the Sea of ​​Darkness and reached the shores of the New World. The first ... but from Europeans.

In 1897, two Norwegians, George Garbo and Gabriel Samuelsen, living in New York, decided on an unheard-of record. They said that they would cross in a simple fishing boat on oars. A crowd of reporters and onlookers gathered on the shore. They were escorted to death. Having loaded food, water and gear, two "abnormal suicides", as the newspapermen dubbed them, pushed off the pier and leaned on the oars ...

They are, in general, lucky. Throughout their journey, the Atlantic did not particularly show its absurd character. But in modern world sensations are short-lived. And when, almost two months later, a boat with two exhausted travelers was in the waters of Ireland and France, at the point of departure about them ...

Forgot. A stunning record did not work out in the Old World either. The names of daredevils did not adorn the pages of newspapers for long.

Otherwise, the Atlantic marathon of two Englishmen, John Ridgway and Chay Blythe, took place in 1966. Strictly speaking, it was almost a repetition of the previous, forgotten one. The crew, also consisting of two people, is about the same boat and a close route. But the Atlantic is the Atlantic. For ninety days, the brave champions battled storms. And when the shore of Europe rose before them from the water, glory awaited them!

After Ridgway and Blythe, there were many other daredevils who wished to repeat their record.

Following the British, the French also set off into the waters of the Atlantic. Six people alone and two by two struggled with heavy ocean waves. Some are more fortunate, some less so. Some who, having not reached the intended finish line, did not return from swimming. National hero countries in France was Gerard d'Aboville, who conquered not only the Atlantic, but also the Pacific Ocean.

Women could not give up the palm to men. And the Englishwoman Sylvia Cook was the first (albeit with an experienced companion John Fairfax) to cross.

For such an odyssey in different countries there were many daredevils with different destinies. People set sail in boats, on multi-oared "galleys", crossed the oceans on balloons. They even sailed on rafts - everyone remembers the ethnographic journeys of the international crew under the command of Thor Heyerdahl on the Kon-Tiki balsa raft, and then on the Ra ...

Novy Svet is one of the most beautiful corners of Crimea. Located 7 km from the city of Sudak, on the territory of the state landscape and botanical reserve. Rocky capes protruding into the sea form small picturesque bays: Blue, Blue and Green, named after the color of the water.

Already from the II century BC. e. in the region of the modern New World on Mount Karaul-Oba, Taurians lived in several compact groups. Many local historians believe that it was there that the legendary Taurus temple of the goddess Virgin was located, in which the priestess was the famous Iphigenia. In the Middle Ages, there was a settlement here that bore the poetic name Paradise - Paradise ... One after another, Orthodox monasteries were built here, and the area at the foot of Mount Sokol eventually became an archaeological reserve like the famous Athos. The name of one of the ancient monasteries is still preserved in the name of a mountain spring - Anastasievsky.

Many times these lands passed from hand to hand until they waited for a smart and diligent owner: in 1878, the Russian prince Lev Sergeevich Golitsyn settled here, who made a huge contribution to the development of viticulture and winemaking in Russia. Thanks to his courage, eccentricity and ability to devote himself to his beloved work without looking back, not only Russian champagne appeared in the New World, but also the first plant in Russia for its production. Also, Prince Golitsyn laid a whole web of trails and roads surrounding the village. The path near the sea, carved literally in the rocks, received the status of a historical monument local importance and has become one of the most popular excursion routes. With it, we will begin our story about the ecological routes of the reserve.

Ecological trails of the reserve

No. 1. Golitsyn trail

On the territory of the Novy Svet Botanical Reserve, whose area is 470 hectares, there is an officially registered ecological route No. 1 - the Golitsyn Trail.

The Golitsyn trail was founded in 1900 by Prince L. S. Golitsyn. It originates to the west of the main bay of the New World - Zelenaya. The trail was carved on the slopes of Mount Koba-Kaya at an altitude of 20 meters above sea level and leads to a large grotto, in the cells of the walls of which Golitsyn collection wines were stored. Here, on the stone terrace, Golitsyn treated guests to his wines during the grandiose winemaking festival on September 8-10, 1903. Since then, a stage for singers and musicians, niches for storing wine and a spring have been preserved in the grotto. fresh water in the form of a well.

Further, the trail runs along the coast of the Blue (Robber) Bay to the picturesque Cape Kapchik, in the thickness of which there is a 77 m long Through Grotto. The route continues in a relic juniper grove, and ends with an exit from the reserve and a tour of the Golitsyn family tomb.

Will add vivid impressions climbing Mount Orel, located in the south-west of the reserve. From the top, magnificent views of all the bends of the sea coast line open up. The sea stretches far beyond sight, Mount Ayu-Dag is visible in the south, Cape Meganom is in the east, in the west it rises its pointed peaks Karaul-Oba, resembling a giant Gothic cathedral.

Excursion local history. It reveals the history of the appearance of the factory of champagne wines as city-forming enterprise and the life of Lev Sergeevich Golitsyn, who is inextricably linked with him - the great Russian winemaker, practical scientist, creator of classic Russian champagne.

Length- 3 km.

Total duration- 3.5 hours.

No. 2. natural monumentGuard - Both

On the territory of the Novy Svet botanical reserve, to the west of the Novy Svet, near the sea, there is a natural monument Karaul-Oba - a plateau-like massif with rocky walls, ridges and fragments.

Karaul-Oba is a beautiful jagged mountain similar to a Gothic cathedral (translated from the Turkic “guard” - “guard”; “both” - “multi-peaked mountain”). The popular name is Rayad. The mountain consists of two valleys separated by rocks. At the top is "Paradise" - a plateau-like valley with rocky walls. "Hell" lurked below - a valley near the sea, surrounded by jagged cliffs.

The path to the mountain range lies along the coast of the Golubaya Bay, above the Tsar's Beach, through the "Purgatory", the Valley of Paradise, the Taurus stairs laid in the rock, through the system of gorges with the romantic names "Adam's bed", "Evin's bed" and the rock labyrinth. Photo stop in a picturesque place overlooking all three bays of the Novy Svet water area.

View from Mount Karaul-Oba

The culmination of the tour is the ascent to the Cosmos Peak. Adherents of esoteric theories claim that one of the energy centers Crimea, directly connecting the planet with the Cosmos. This central peak of a conical shape, which accounts for the peak of the concentration of cosmic force, serves as a kind of antenna. From here it went vernacular name tops.

After conquering the Cosmos Peak, there are two possible options: return to the New World in the same way or continue the path towards the village of Veseleye, neighboring from the west. In the second case, the descent into the valley near the sea begins, which is known as "Hell". Along the way, travelers will find an exotic staircase made of juniper roots, creeping right on top of the rock. On the descent to the valley, you can visit another famous attraction - Golitsyn's Armchair carved into the rock, from where a beautiful view of the sea opens. At one time, Prince Golitsyn, one of the last owners of the Novy Svet estate, hired people to build a hiking trail to the neighboring village of Kutlak (now the village of Veseloye). This is where the trail ends.

Here for complete clarity of the picture ancient world the most enduring can explore another archaeological site: the ancient ruins of the ancient fortress of Asandra, named after the emperor, who during his reign of the Bosporan kingdom (I century BC) built many defensive fortifications to protect against neighboring tribes. The fortress is called Atheneon by ancient chroniclers on ancient sailing directions, Kutlak fortress is called today by its location. This defensive fortification rises at a height of seventy meters above the coast of the bay and is visible from the sea.

The tour ends with a return to the New World by boat in summer period, transport through the city of Sudak in the off-season.

The excursion is natural-cognitive and historical, dedicated to the theme of the ancient ancient Kingdom of Taurida.

Length- 7 km.

Total duration- 4.5 hours.

No. 3. Mount Falcon

From the north, the Novy Svet botanical reserve is covered by the highest of the local peaks - Mount Sokol. This is ancient coral reef, the largest in Europe - 474 m above sea level.

The Crimean Sokol is a well-known natural climbing wall with routes of all categories of difficulty laid along it. The best option both for beginners and experienced professionals.

The gentlest climb for amateurs is located with north side the mountains. But even here one should be careful, because climbing a mountain is much easier than descending it. If you do not know the route, then it is better to book a tour, thanks to which you will not only not get lost, but will also see and learn a lot of interesting things.

An amazing reward awaits those who spent time and energy on climbing - such a circular panorama opens from the top of the Falcon that it simply takes your breath away. In the east, the Sudak Valley, framed by rocky mountains, turns green, behind it the volcanic peaks of Karadag soared up. The entire southeast coast appears as a giant relief map. It is impossible to tear yourself away from the bewitching picture. The view of the Novy Svet and the semicircle of the Green Bay - one of the most beautiful in the Crimea - overshadows, of course, everything.

View from the top of the Falcon

The excursion to Sokol is thematic-geological: it is dedicated to the topic of the geological past of Crimea, the origin of the Crimean mountains, seas and the Crimean peninsula as part of the earth's land.

Length- 7 km.

Total duration- 4 hours.

No. 4. Spring of Saint Anastasia

On the northwestern slope of Mount Sokol modestly sheltered the Anastasievsky spring, as it is called by the people. The source is one of the most mysterious monuments of antiquity in the New World. There is a legend according to which the source was named after a medieval Greek monastery located in the tract, the ruins of which have not survived to this day. It is possible to reconstruct the events of those centuries, following the path laid by the ancient Greeks from the place of their settlement (VIII-X centuries AD) under the western slope of Mount Sokol, through the Almond Chair - an old mountain garden, a stone bridge over a ravine, right up to the very source . After visiting the mountain spring, there are three possible options:

The first is a return to the New World along the continuation of the same road, which descends in a smooth serpentine along steep slopes to the highway. Powerful retaining walls - crepes, steadfastly hold the canvas of this mountain road for more than a thousand years. What makes the road even more impressive is that the retaining walls were made entirely of natural local stone without the use of any binder mortar. This means that the road stood for such a long time solely due to the skill of its builders.

Length- 5 km.

Total duration- 3.5 hours.

The second option is to return to the New World along a narrow path that goes around the slope from the north. mountain range New World. The trail connects the source of St. Anastasia with another unexplored medieval antiquity- an ancient quarry where millstones were produced. There, on the sides of an abandoned mountain road, you can see huge stone millstones, which in the Middle Ages were never brought to their destinations. On the top of the Sandykh-Kaya mountain, where the path leads, most likely, a small seasonal production of millstones from dense sandstone was established, which in this historical period got wide use and served good source income for local masons. From the quarry wide road on the southern slope of the mountain, millstones were delivered to the sea. Following the path of the ancient roadbed and admiring the unique landscapes, you will come to the western outskirts of the village.

Panoramic view from the ancient quarries.

Length- 11 km.

Total duration- 4 hours.

The third option is to return to the New World along the path along the old ceramic water pipe laid by L. S. Golitsyn back in the 19th century. The prince succeeded in the impossible: realizing the idea of ​​​​conducting water from a mountain spring, he built an intake device for water from a spring. Pipes brought water directly to the estate. The ceramic conduit from the spring to the New World is a monument of the history of Crimean engineering. Along the way, there is an aqueduct through a ravine in the Roman style. The trail with a length of 3600 meters begins at the source and ends with the exit from the reserve near the Golitsyn House-Museum. Along the way, spectacular views of the village open up.

Length- 7 km.

Total duration- 4 hours.

A walking tour along the picturesque paths of the New World with a visit to the monuments of the Crimean Middle Ages, a holy spring and a ceramic conduit of the 19th century is a local history. Following each of the three possible routes, you will discover all the old secrets of the village of Novy Svet.

No. 5. Juniper Grove + Cape Kapchik

Phenomenon of primeval nature. A relic of the flora of past geological epochs. A sustainable ecosystem that comes from the preglacial Tertiary period. Preservation of relic plants is ensured by the shape of the amphitheater of mountains, as if hugging the Novosvetsky tract. In natural ecological niche In the New World, groves of high juniper, prickly juniper, Stankevich pine and more than 30 rare endemic plants have been preserved. Juniper woodlands of the New World are considered the largest in Europe and are of great scientific, aesthetic and environmental significance.

Novy Svet is one of the most beautiful corners of Crimea. Its history goes back deep into ancient times. The surroundings were inhabited in ancient times, as evidenced by numerous archaeological sites: objects of the Taurus culture were found in different places; in one of the cliffs, tools of people who lived in the Stone Age, the remains of a lime kiln were found. In the mountains, old paths and roads, the remains of buildings, abandoned quarries, millstones, which were made unchanged throughout the Middle Ages, are found everywhere. Since the arrival of the Genoese, and much earlier, the New World has been an integral part of the center of the Great Silk Road.

In the old ancient times the village that was here was called "Paradisio", which in ancient Greek means "garden", "park", and in poetic literature- "paradise". One of the documents of the Genoese administration of 1449 mentions the village of Paradis (Paradixi de lo Cheder).

Great bay Paradise on geographical maps in the late 18th - early 19th centuries it was designated as "Limani Bay", which served as ship anchorages associated with the port of Sugdeya (present-day Sudak). At the exit from the bay between both capes at a depth of 25-30 meters, remains of the structure of the port settlement, berths and ship cargo - amphoras, jugs and other ceramics of the 8th-15th centuries were found. The concentration of ceramics and the remains of ships speak of shipwrecks that have occurred here.

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Paradise was owned by B. Gallera, who received these lands as a gift from Catherine II. However, Gallera did not keep his promise to Catherine II in Paradise "to plant a garden on the midday shore."
The local land for cultivation of vineyards needed abundant watering and required large cash costs for tillage. In addition, the Crimean possession of the Galley was, as it were, an island of coastal land, without roads, fenced off by impregnable mountains from the nearest settlements. It was possible to get to Paradise only along an inconvenient hiking trail through the mountains or by sea.

In the 1820s, he sold the estate to Princess A. Golitsyna. Let us immediately note that in family ties with L.S. She was not a Golitsyn. A.S. Golitsyna owned Paradise for a very short time and, according to available fragmentary data, since 1825. she had already begun to settle down in the new, more comfortable Black Sea possession of Koreiz (Khureiz). She sold the Paradise estate to the new owner, Prince Zakhary Semenovich Kherkhulidzev (Kherkhulidze), who renamed the village. This happened, apparently, from the opposition in those years of the Old World (Europe) New World(America).

First mention modern name settlement falls on 1864, where in the "List populated areas Russian Empire”In the Feodosia district, “the village of Novy Svet is indicated on the seashore” with one yard located there and one resident with it.

Z.S. Kherkhulidzev was, perhaps, the first of the owners of this corner Eastern Crimea who appreciated the beauty and economic prospects of Paradise. In the very first years, he laid a small garden here, which, however, did not differ in any way from the gardens of many other landowners. In addition, he planted 3.5 acres of native grape varieties in the New World.