The phenomenon of nature in the image of man. Natural phenomena (biological, physical, chemical)

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We are surrounded by endless diverse world substances and phenomena.

It is constantly changing.

Any changes that occur to bodies are called phenomena. The birth of stars, the change of day and night, the melting of ice, the swelling of buds on trees, the flashing of lightning during a thunderstorm, and so on - all these are natural phenomena.

physical phenomena

Recall that bodies are made up of substances. Note that in some phenomena the substances of bodies do not change, while in others they change. For example, if you tear a piece of paper in half, then, despite the changes that have occurred, the paper will remain paper. If the paper is burned, it will turn into ashes and smoke.

Phenomena in which the size, shape of bodies, the state of substances can change, but substances remain the same, do not change into others, are called physical phenomena(evaporation of water, the glow of an electric bulb, the sound of strings musical instrument etc.).

Physical phenomena are extremely diverse. Among them are distinguished mechanical, thermal, electrical, lighting and etc.

Let's remember how clouds float across the sky, an airplane flies, a car drives, an apple falls, a cart rolls, etc. In all of these phenomena, objects (bodies) move. Phenomena associated with a change in the position of a body in relation to other bodies are called mechanical(translated from the Greek "mehane" means machine, tool).

Many phenomena are caused by the change of heat and cold. In this case, the properties of the bodies themselves change. They change shape, size, the state of these bodies changes. For example, when heated, ice turns into water, water into steam; When the temperature drops, steam turns into water, water into ice. The phenomena associated with the heating and cooling of bodies are called thermal(Fig. 35).

Rice. 35. Physical phenomenon: the transition of matter from one state to another. If you freeze drops of water, ice will reappear

Consider electrical phenomena. The word "electricity" comes from Greek word"electron" amber. Remember that when you quickly take off your woolen sweater, you hear a slight crackle. If you do the same in complete darkness, you will also see sparks. This is the simplest electrical phenomenon.

To get acquainted with another electrical phenomenon, do the following experiment.

Tear off small pieces of paper and place them on the table surface. Comb clean and dry hair with a plastic comb and bring it to the pieces of paper. What happened?

Rice. 36. Small pieces of paper are attracted to the comb

Bodies that are capable of attracting light objects after rubbing are called electrified(Fig. 36). Lightning during a thunderstorm auroras, electrification of paper and synthetic fabrics - all this electrical phenomena. The operation of the telephone, radio, television, various household appliances are examples of human use of electrical phenomena.

Phenomena that are associated with light are called light. Light comes from the sun, stars, lamps, and some living things, such as fireflies. Such bodies are called luminous.

We see when light hits the retina. We cannot see in absolute darkness. Objects that do not themselves emit light (for example, trees, grass, the pages of this book, etc.) are visible only when they receive light from some luminous body and reflect it from their surface.

The moon, which we often talk about as a night star, is in reality only a kind of reflector sunlight.

By studying the physical phenomena of nature, man has learned to use them in Everyday life, life.

1. What are called natural phenomena?

2. Read the text. List what natural phenomena are called in it: “Spring has come. The sun is getting hotter. Snow melts, streams run. Buds swelled on the trees, rooks flew in.

3. What phenomena are called physical?

4. From the physical phenomena listed below, write in the first column mechanical phenomena; in the second - thermal; in the third - electrical; in the fourth - light phenomena.

Physical phenomena: lightning flash; snow melting; coast; melting of metals; operation of an electric bell; rainbow in the sky; sunbeam; moving stones, sand with water; boiling water.

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Subject: General concepts about dangerous and emergency situations of a natural nature.

Lesson topic: Natural phenomena and their classification.

The purpose of the lesson: To acquaint students with natural phenomena and their diversity.

Lesson objectives:

I. Educational tasks:

• Recall and consolidate knowledge about the shells of the Earth.
• To form students' knowledge that the formation of any natural phenomenon is associated with the processes occurring in the Earth's shells.
• To give general idea, students about the types of natural phenomena at the place of their occurrence.

II. development tasks.

• To develop in students the ability and ability to anticipate natural phenomena their area, which can lead to serious consequences, as well as ways to protect against them.

III. educational tasks.

• To instill in students the belief that any natural phenomenon destructive force causes great damage to the state different kind, primarily material and loss of life. Therefore, the state needs to allocate funds scientific institutions so that they deal with this problem and be able to predict them in the future.

During the classes

Teacher: Today, children, we will talk about natural phenomena and their diversity. Of course, you know some, some you learned from the course of natural history and geography, and if someone is interested in means mass media then from there. If you turn on the TV, radio or use the Internet, then we can say with confidence that natural phenomena of destructive power are occurring more and more often, and their strength is becoming greater. Therefore, we need to know what natural phenomena occur, where they occur most often and how to protect ourselves from them.

Teacher: And so let's remember from the course of geography what shells of the Earth exist.

In total, 4 shells of the Earth are distinguished:

1. The lithosphere is made up of the earth's crust and top part mantle.
2. Hydrosphere - water shell, it includes all the water in different states.
3. Atmosphere - gas envelope, the lightest and most mobile.
4. The biosphere is the sphere of life, it is the area of ​​existence of all living organisms.

Teacher: In all these shells, certain processes take place, as a result of which natural phenomena arise. Therefore, various natural phenomena can be divided according to the place of their occurrence:

Teacher: From this diagram, we can see what a large number of there are natural phenomena. Now let's look at each of them and find out what they are. (Children should take an active part in this part.)

Geological.

1. An earthquake is a natural phenomenon associated with geological processes occurring in the Earth's lithosphere, it manifests itself in the form of tremors and vibrations of the earth's surface resulting from sudden displacements and ruptures in the earth's crust or in the upper part of the mantle.

Picture 1.

2. A volcano is a conical mountain, from which an incandescent substance, magma, erupts from time to time.

A volcanic eruption is the release of molten matter from the planet's surface. earth's crust and the Earth's mantle, which is called magma.

Figure 2.

3. A landslide is a downward displacement of soil masses under the action of gravity, which occurs on slopes when the stability of the soil or rocks is disturbed.

Landslide formation depends on various factors, such as:

• what rocks make up this slope;
• slope steepness;
• ground water, etc.

Landslides can occur as naturally(e.g. earthquake, heavy rainfall) and artificially (e.g. human activities: deforestation, excavation).

Figure 3

4. A collapse is a detachment and fall of large masses of rocks, their overturning, crushing and rolling on steep and steep slopes.

Causes of landslides in the mountains can be:

• the rocks that make up the mountains are layered or broken by cracks;
• water activity;
• geological processes(earthquake), etc.

Causes of collapses on the coast of seas and rivers are the washing and dissolution of the underlying rocks.

Figure 4

5. An avalanche is a collapse of a mass of snow on mountain slopes, the slope angle must be at least 15 °.

The causes of an avalanche are:

• earthquake;
• intensive snow melting;
• prolonged snowfall;
• human activity.

Figure 5

Meteorological.

1. A hurricane is a wind whose speed exceeds 30 m/s, resulting in huge destruction.

Figure 6

2. A storm is a wind, but with slower speed than in a hurricane and is no more than 20 m/s.

Figure 7

3. Tornado - is an atmospheric vortex formed in thunder cloud and going down, has a head start of a funnel or sleeve.

A tornado consists of a core and a wall. Around the core there is an upward movement of air, the speed of which can reach 200 m / s.

Figure 8

Hydrological.

1. Flooding is a significant flooding of the area as a result of a rise in the water level in a lake, river, etc.

Reasons for the flood:

• intensive snowmelt in spring;
• heavy rainfall;
• blockage of the riverbed rocks during an earthquake, collapse, etc., as well as ice during traffic jams;
• wind activity (water surge from the sea, bay at the mouth of the river).

Types of floods:

Figure 9

2. Mudflow is a stormy stream in the mountains of a temporary nature, consisting of water and a large number of rock fragments.

The formation of mudflows is associated with abundant precipitation in the form of rain or intense snowmelt. As a result, loose rocks are washed away and move along the riverbed at high speed, which picks up everything in its path: boulders, trees, etc.

Figure 10.

3. Tsunami is a kind sea ​​waves resulting from the vertical shift of significant areas of the seabed.

A tsunami occurs as a result of:

• earthquakes;
• underwater volcano eruptions;
• landslides, etc.

Figure 11.

Biological.

1. A forest fire is an uncontrolled burning of vegetation, spontaneously spreading through a forest area.

Forest fire can be: grassroots and riding.

An underground fire is the burning of peat in marshy and swampy soils.

Figure 12.

2. An epidemic is a spread infectious disease among a large number of the population and significantly exceeding the incidence rate usually recorded in the area.

Figure 13.

3. Epizootic is wide use infectious disease among animals (for example: foot-and-mouth disease, swine fever, bovine brucellosis).

Figure 14.

4. Epiphytotics are mass distribution infectious disease among plants (for example: late blight, wheat rust).

Figure 15.

Teacher: As you can see, in the world there is great amount phenomena that surround us. So let's remember them and be extremely careful at the time of their occurrence.

Some of you may say: “Why do we need to know all of them if they are not typical for our region?”. From one point of view you are right, but from the other you are wrong. Each of you tomorrow, the day after tomorrow or in the future will surely go on a trip to other parts of the Motherland and the country. And there, as you know, there can be completely different phenomena that are not typical for our area. And then your knowledge will help you survive in a critical situation and avoid negative consequences. As the saying goes: "God saves the safe."

Literature.

1. Smirnov A.T. Fundamentals of life safety. 7th grade.
2. Shemanaev V.A. Teaching practice in the system of modern teacher training.
3. Smirnov A.T. Program educational institutions basics of life safety grades 5-11.

20. Lunar rainbow.

We are almost used to the usual rainbow. Lunar rainbow is much more a rare thing than a rainbow seen in daylight. A lunar rainbow can only appear in places with high humidity and only when the moon is almost full. The photo shows moon rainbow at Cumberland Falls in Kentucky.

19. Mirages

Despite their prevalence, mirages always evoke an almost mystical sense of wonder. We all know the reason for the appearance of most mirages - superheated air changes its optical properties, causing light irregularities called mirages.

Usually halos occur at high humidity or severe frost- Previously, the halo was considered a phenomenon from above, and people expected something unusual.

17. Belt of Venus

Interesting optical phenomenon, which occurs when the atmosphere is dusty - an unusual "belt" between the sky and the horizon.

16. Pearl clouds

Unusually high clouds (about 10-12 km), becoming visible at sunset.

15. Northern lights.

Appears when high-energy collisions elementary particles upon impact with the Earth's ionosphere.

14. Colored Moon

When the atmosphere is dusty, high humidity, or for other reasons, the Moon sometimes looks colored. The red moon is especially unusual.

13. Biconvex clouds

An extremely rare phenomenon that appears mainly before a hurricane. Opened just 30 years ago. Also called Mammatus clouds.

12. The fires of St. Elmo.

A fairly common phenomenon caused by increased tension electric field before a thunderstorm, during a thunderstorm, and immediately after. The first witnesses of this phenomenon were sailors who observed the fires of St. Elmo on masts and other vertical pointed objects.

11. Fire whirlwinds.

Often formed during fires - they can also occur over burning haystacks.

10. Mushroom clouds.

They also form over places with elevated temperatures - over forest fires, for example.

9. Light pillars.

The nature of these phenomena is similar to the conditions that cause the appearance of a halo.

8. Diamond dust.

Frozen water droplets that scatter the light of the sun.

7. Fish, frog and other rains.

One of the hypotheses explaining the appearance of such rains is a tornado that sucks out nearby water bodies and carries their contents over long distances.

A phenomenon that occurs when ice crystals fall out of clouds that do not reach the surface of the earth, evaporating along the road.

Hurricane winds with many names. Occur when air masses move from the upper layers to the lower ones.

4. Fire rainbow.

Occurs when passing sun rays through high clouds.

3. Green beam.

An extremely rare phenomenon that occurs at sunset or sunrise.

2. Ball lightning.

There are many hypotheses explaining the origin of these phenomena, but none has yet been proven.

1. Optical flares and jets

Discovered only recently due to their short existence (less than a second). Occurs when hurricanes appear.

Summer is the most favorite time of the year for schoolchildren and their parents. This is the long-awaited time of holidays and vacations. Summer is characterized by an increase in temperature indicators to a possible maximum, as well as hallmarks, natural phenomena. This season lasts three months. in different geographical latitudes it comes in different ways. AT southern hemisphere the summer months are December, January and February. North of the equator, this season extends into June, July and August. In cold countries, the warm season can last no more than one month.

Natural phenomena in summer

Each season is characterized by certain climatic features. In winter, snow falls, frost sets in; in spring, trees begin to bloom, birds arrive, there is a flood; in autumn we notice leaf fall, constant rains. But what phenomenon observed in nature characterizes summer? This time of year is determined by several meteorological changes at once.

All summer natural phenomena (examples: thunderstorm, dew, rainbow, etc.) are associated with significant warming. At this time of the year, the weather is sultry, dry, nevertheless, it is considered favorable for a person. It should be noted that meteorological summer phenomena of nature are highly variable. Examples: rain, hail, wind. On days when the sun shines bright and clear sky, in a matter of minutes, cumulus clouds can gather and a real thunderstorm with thunder and lightning can begin. In the case of a brief downpour in half an hour, the temperature will rise again and the sun will continue to shine brightly.

Precipitation in summer is always in a short interval, but they are characterized by high intensity. Along with thunderstorms, strong winds with sharp gusts often rise. After precipitation, you can often see a phenomenon such as a rainbow. Dew often appears in the morning.

Wind

This natural anomaly is a stream of air, which is mainly directed relative to the horizontal surface of the earth. Wind is classified by power, speed, scale, level of distribution. To determine the category of an anomaly, its strength, duration and direction should be taken into account.

On land in the summer, winds are squally only during or before a severe thunderstorm. This is due to the collision of two air masses opposite in temperature and direction in different layers of the atmosphere. On the American continent, powerful hurricanes often occur at this time of the year. What phenomenon, observed in nature in summer, happens in the waters of the sea or ocean? There are most often short-term storms that differ in intensity and strong gusts wind. Often they raise waves up to several meters high.

It is noteworthy that in changes in seasonal temperature indicators of winds important role play global monsoons. Their duration varies within a few months. Monsoons have different circulation and temperature, strength and direction. It depends on them what the season will be: warm or cold.

Clouds

As a result of condensation rises to the upper atmosphere. Particles crystallize under the influence of low temperatures and combine to form This is how clouds form in the sky (see photo of a natural phenomenon below).

Each cloud consists of particles of water and has a unique shape that changes under the influence of air flow and temperature. If the upper atmosphere is -100 degrees Celsius, then the clouds will consist of drop elements. Otherwise, ice crystals will predominate in their composition.

Summer clouds are usually divided into thunderstorm, rain, cumulus, cirrus, stratus and others. If the air elements are combined into clouds, then there is a high probability of precipitation. The heaviest showers fall from stratus and cumulus clouds. If a air masses have a homogeneous composition, then the precipitation will be insignificant and short-term.

Rain

In the hot season, precipitation is considered a rather rare climatic anomaly. Rain itself represents a continuous vertical fall of water. Clouds are the starting point of movement. Rain is a cumulative natural phenomenon. Until the clouds collect a large amount of moisture, precipitation will not begin.

To date, it is customary to distinguish five types of summer rains:

1. Ordinary. Drops out without such pronounced features as power or duration.

2. Short term. Its main feature is considered to be transience. Such summer phenomena of nature both read and end unexpectedly.

3. Mushroom. Precipitation is determined by low intensity and transience. When it rains, the sun continues to shine.

4. Stormy. Determined by suddenness. In a short period, a large amount of water falls to the ground with special power. Downpours are often accompanied strong winds, lightning and thunder. In the summer, these rains are called thunderstorms.

5. Gradient. Along with water droplets, ice floes of various sizes fall to the ground. Such precipitation is characterized by transience and power, and adversely affects agriculture.

hail

Mixed rains with ice require special attention due to its danger to property, and sometimes to people's lives. Hail is a type of precipitation when frozen water falls to the ground. Not to be confused with mixed rain and snow. Here, the connected ice particles can reach sizes up to several centimeters. Hail has high strength and transparency (you can see a photo of the natural phenomenon below). This makes it dangerous for both small animals and birds, as well as for larger individuals.

Precipitation of this type falls during a thunderstorm from large cumulus clouds. In turn, the clouds differ in black or ashy color and white tops. Hail is formed in ordinary rain clouds as a result of supercooling of moisture droplets. Ice particles gradually increase, fastening together. Precipitation with hail can last from a couple of minutes to half an hour. Large pieces of ice can completely destroy entire crops.

Thunderstorm

This meteorological phenomenon is one of the most powerful in positive temperatures. Rain with hail and thunderstorms are summer natural phenomena that are assigned to. Such precipitation is accompanied by strong sharp gusts of wind, sometimes squall.

Thunderstorms are characterized by lightning and thunder. A powerful charge of electricity is thrown from the clouds to the surface of the earth. Lightning is formed in the atmosphere due to the collision of negative and positive charges. As a result, there is electromagnetic induction hundreds of millions of volts. When the charge strength reaches its maximum, a lightning strike is formed.

Thunder is a consequence of the rapid expansion of air as a result of the sharp heating of the particles around the electromagnetic arc. sound waves reflect off the clouds and cause a strong echo.

Rainbow

Today it is one of the most amazing and amazing natural anomalies associated with precipitation. A rainbow is a phenomenon that can occur both after rain, and during it or before it. The formation time of the phenomenon directly depends on the movement of shower clouds.

The colors of the rainbow are reflected at an angle of 42 degrees. The arc is visible through the curtain of rain on opposite side from the sun's rays. The spectrum of the rainbow is represented by seven colors. That's how many components of sunlight. Mostly this phenomenon occurs as a result of short-term precipitation in the summer.

The human eye determines the colors of the rainbow through raindrops that act as a prism. It's kind of large spectrum natural origin.

Dew

In calm weather, as a result of cooling at night and warming in the morning, water droplets form on the surface of the earth, grass, flowers and other plants and objects with the first rays of the sun. This meteorological phenomenon is called dew.

At night time earth's surface cools down. As a result, the vapor in the air begins to condense and turn into water, settling on objects. It is generally accepted that dew forms only when the sky is clear and the wind is light. It is worth noting that the lower the temperature, the more droplets will be.

Most often, this phenomenon is formed in the tropics, where it is accompanied by a humid climate and long cold nights.

Summer 2nd grade

AT school curriculum the introductory foundations of climatic anomalies are studied from textbooks " The world". The first lessons are already held with second-graders. In such classes, they talk about what summer natural phenomena are, what are their signs and features.

Acquaintance with the seasons should take place with the inclusion of available examples in the program. In summer it gets warmer, the days are longer, the nights are shorter, birds begin to sing, mushroom rains fall, the water in rivers and lakes warms up, the grass turns green, and so on.

For eight-year-old children, summer natural phenomena are a mystery. Therefore, it is necessary to support theory with practice. For this, various excursions are organized. In June, you can introduce children to trees, insects, birds. July is the right time for a walk in the arboretum or forest, where you can listen to the sounds of nature. In August, it will not be superfluous to get acquainted with berries, mushrooms, fruits of trees.

Signs about summer phenomena

• If the south wind blows, then it is worth waiting for bad weather, if the west, then soon there will be a cold snap.
• To quickly stop a strong thunderstorm, you need to throw a broom out of the window in the direction of the rain.

• An object that catches fire after a lightning strike cannot be extinguished, since the devil burns there.
• A long wind with constant gusts - to the drowned man.
• If thunder is heard from the north, the summer is expected to be cold, if peals are heard in the south, then it will be hot.
• If large bubbles form from the rain in the puddles, this is a strong storm.

There are signs about natural phenomena related to the rainbow:

• If the arc is full and high, it is worth waiting for warming.
• Green rainbow - to a long downpour, red - to a heavy wind, yellow - to calm.

Nature and weather are constantly changing. snowing, then rain, then the sun bakes, then clouds find. All these are called natural phenomena or phenomena of nature. Natural phenomena are changes that occur in nature regardless of the will of man. Many natural phenomena are associated with the change of seasons (seasons), so they are called seasonal. For each season, and we have 4 of them - this is spring, summer, autumn, winter, their natural and weather conditions. Nature is usually divided into living (these are animals and plants) and non-living. Therefore, phenomena are also divided into phenomena of living nature and phenomena of inanimate nature. Of course, these phenomena intersect, but some of them are especially characteristic of a particular season.

In the spring, after a long winter, the sun warms up more and more, ice drifts on the river, thawed patches appear on the ground, buds swell, the first green grass grows. The day is getting longer and the night is getting shorter. It is getting warmer. Migratory birds begin their journey to the regions where they will raise their chicks.

What natural phenomena occur in spring?

Snowmelt. As more heat comes from the Sun, the snow begins to melt. The air around is filled with the murmur of streams, which can provoke the onset of floods - a clear sign of spring.

thawed patches. They appear wherever the snow cover was thinner and where more sun fell on it. It is the appearance of thawed patches that indicates that winter has given up its rights, and spring has begun. The first greenery quickly breaks through the thawed patches; on them you can find the first spring flowers - snowdrops. Snow will lie in crevices and depressions for a long time, but on the hills and in the fields it melts quickly, exposing the land islands to the warm sun.

Frost. It was warm and suddenly it froze - frost appeared on the branches and wires. These are frozen crystals of moisture.

Ice drift. In spring it becomes warmer, the ice crust on rivers and lakes begins to crack, and gradually the ice melts. Moreover, there is more water in the reservoirs, it carries the ice floes downstream - this is an ice drift.

High water. Streams of melted snow flow from everywhere to the rivers, they fill the reservoirs, the water overflows the banks.

Thermal winds. The sun gradually warms the earth, and at night it begins to give off this heat, winds are formed. While they are still weak and unstable, but the warmer it gets around, the more the air masses move. Such winds are called thermal, they are typical for the spring season.

Rain. The first spring rain is cold, but not as cold as snow :)

Thunderstorm. At the end of May, the first thunderstorm can thunder. Not as strong yet, but bright. Thunderstorms are discharges of electricity in the atmosphere. A thunderstorm often occurs when pushing and lifting warm air cold fronts.

Grad. This is a drop from a cloud of ice balls. Hail can range in size from a tiny pea to chicken egg, then it can even break through the glass of the car!

These are all examples of inanimate phenomena.

flowering - spring phenomenon living nature. The first buds on the trees appear in late April - early May. The grass has already broken through its green stems, and the trees are getting ready to put on green clothes. The leaves will bloom quickly and suddenly, and the first flowers are about to bloom, exposing their centers to awakened insects. Summer will come soon.

In summer, the grass turns green, flowers bloom, leaves turn green on the trees, you can swim in the river. The sun warms well, it can be very hot. Summer is the longest day and the shortest night of the year. Berries and fruits ripen, the harvest ripens.

In summer, there are natural phenomena, such as:

Rain. In the air, water vapor is supercooled, forming clouds consisting of millions of small ice crystals. Low temperature in the air, below zero degrees, leads to the growth of crystals and to the weighting of frozen drops, which melt in the lower part of the cloud and fall in the form of raindrops to the surface of the earth. In summer, the rain is usually warm, it helps to water the forests and fields. Thunderstorms often accompany summer rain. If it rains and the sun shines at the same time, they say that it is "Mushroom rain". Such rain happens when the cloud is small and does not cover the sun.

Heat. In summer, the rays of the Sun fall on the Earth more vertically and heat its surface more intensively. And at night, the earth's surface gives off heat to the atmosphere. Therefore, in summer it is hot during the day and sometimes even at night.

Rainbow. Occurs in an atmosphere with high humidity, often after rain or thunderstorms. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon of nature, for the observer it appears as a multi-colored arc. When the sun's rays are refracted in water droplets, optical distortion occurs, consisting in the deviation different colors, White color breaks down into a spectrum of colors in the form of a multi-colored rainbow.

Flowering begins in spring and continues all summer.

In autumn, you no longer run outside in a T-shirt and shorts. It gets colder, the leaves turn yellow, fall off, migratory birds fly away, insects disappear from sight.

Autumn is characterized by such natural phenomena:

Leaf fall. As plants and trees go through their year-round cycle, they shed their leaves in the fall, exposing their bark and branches, preparing for hibernation. Why does a tree get rid of leaves? So that the fallen snow does not break the branches. Even before the leaf fall, the leaves of the trees dry, turn yellow or redden and, gradually, the wind throws the leaves to the ground, forming a leaf fall. This is an autumn phenomenon of wildlife.

fogs. The earth and water are still heated during the day, but in the evening it is already getting colder, fog appears. At high humidity, for example, after rain or in a damp, cool season, the cooled air turns into small droplets of water hovering above the ground - this is fog.

Dew. These are droplets of water from the air that have fallen in the morning on the grass and leaves. During the night, the air cools down, the water vapor that is in the air comes into contact with the surface of the earth, grass, tree leaves and settles in the form of water droplets. On cold nights, the dew drops freeze, causing it to turn to frost.

Shower. It's heavy, torrential rain.

Wind. This is the movement of air currents. In autumn and winter the wind is especially cold.

As in spring, there is frost in autumn. This means that there is a slight frost on the street - frost.

Fog, dew, downpour, wind, hoarfrost, frost - autumn phenomena of inanimate nature.

In winter it snows and it gets cold. Rivers and lakes are frozen over. In winter, the longest nights and the most short days, it gets dark early. The sun hardly heats up.

Thus, the phenomena of inanimate nature characteristic of winter are:

Snowfall is the fall of snow.

Blizzard. It's snowfall with wind. Being outdoors in a snowstorm is dangerous, it increases the risk of hypothermia. A strong blizzard can even knock you down.

Freezing is the formation of a crust of ice on the surface of the water. The ice will last all winter until spring, until the snow melts and the spring ice drifts.

Another natural phenomenon - clouds - happens at any time of the year. Clouds are water droplets that have collected in the atmosphere. Water, evaporating on the ground, turns into steam, then, together with warm air currents, rises above the ground. So water is transported over long distances, the water cycle is ensured in nature.

Unusual natural phenomena

There are also very rare unusual phenomena nature, such as northern lights, fireball, tornadoes and even fish rain. One way or another, such examples of the manifestation of inanimate natural forces cause both surprise and, at times, anxiety, because many of them can harm a person.

Now you know a lot about natural phenomena and you can accurately find those characteristic of a particular season :)

The materials have been prepared for the lesson on the subject of the World around us in grade 2, the programs Perspective and the School of Russia (Pleshakov), but will be useful to any teacher primary school, and parents of preschool children and junior schoolchildren in home schooling.