In the development, experience is collected and summarized in solving problems proposed at the OGE in physics in grade 9, within the framework of the "kinematics" section. rectilinear motion". The author tried to develop a short course in which, using the example of parsing basic simple tasks an understanding of the general principle of solving tasks on this topic is formed. Development contains 19 unique tasks with a detailed analysis of each, and for some tasks several ways of solving are indicated, which, according to the author, should contribute to a deep and complete assimilation of methods for solving such tasks. Almost all tasks are author's, but each of them reflects the features of the tasks of the OGE form. The vast majority of tasks are focused on graphic representation which contributes to the formation of meta-subject skills. In addition, the development contains the minimum required theoretical material, which is a "concentration" general theory on this section. It can be used by the teacher in preparation for a regular lesson, during extra classes, and is also designed for a student who independently prepares for passing the OGE in physics.

Toolkit(presentation) “Electromagnetic oscillations and waves. Preparation for the State Examination" is compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State final certification(GIA) in physics in 2013 and is intended to prepare graduates of the basic school for the exam.
In development are brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and the Demo Plan examination work(Electromagnetic oscillations and waves), accompanied by animation and video clips.

The target audience: for grade 9

Methodological guide (presentation) “Air humidity. Preparing for the GIA” was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Attestation (GIA) in physics in 2010 and is intended to prepare graduates of the basic school for the exam.
The development contains brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and the Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Air humidity), accompanied by animation and video clips.

Methodological guide (presentation) “Evaporation and condensation. Boiling liquid. Preparing for the GIA” was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Attestation (GIA) in physics in 2010 and is intended to prepare graduates of the basic school for the exam.
The development contains brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and the Plan of the demonstration version of the examination paper (Evaporation and condensation. Liquid boiling), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of presentation allows you to quickly and accurately repeat the material covered when repeating the course of physics in grade 9, as well as using examples of demo versions of the GIA in physics in 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in options examination tasks level A and B.
The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating the relevant topics, which will help orient students to the exam of choice in the final years.

The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and the Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper ( Mechanical vibrations and waves. Sound), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of presentation allows you to quickly and accurately repeat the material covered when repeating the course of physics in grade 9, as well as using the examples of demo versions of the GIA in physics in 2008-2010 to show the application of the basic laws and formulas in the variants of examination tasks of level A and B.

The methodological guide has been compiled to help teachers and students who take the GIA in physics based on FIPI materials to prepare for the exam in new form; contains examples of designing experimental tasks from part 3. The manual can also be used in physics lessons in grades 7-9 for laboratory work ah, because description of some laboratory work is not given in the textbook.

Methodological guide (presentation) “Law of Archimedes. Preparing for the GIA” was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Attestation (GIA) in physics in 2010 and is intended to prepare graduates of the basic school for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and the Plan of the demonstration version of the examination paper (Archimedes' Law), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of presentation allows you to quickly and accurately repeat the material covered when repeating the course of physics in grade 9, as well as using the examples of demo versions of the GIA in physics in 2008-2010 to show the application of the basic laws and formulas in the variants of examination tasks of level A and B.

The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating the relevant topics, which will help orient students to the exam of choice in the final years.

Methodological guide (presentation) “Pascal's law. Preparing for the GIA” was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Attestation (GIA) in physics in 2010 and is intended to prepare graduates of the basic school for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and the Plan of the demonstration version of the examination paper (Pascal's Law), accompanied by animation and video clips.

The brevity and clarity of presentation allows you to quickly and accurately repeat the material covered when repeating the course of physics in grade 9, as well as using the examples of demo versions of the GIA in physics in 2008-2010 to show the application of the basic laws and formulas in the variants of examination tasks of level A and B.

Methodological guide (presentation) “Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Preparing for the GIA” was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Attestation (GIA) in physics in 2010 and is intended to prepare graduates of the basic school for the exam.
The development contains brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and the Plan of the demonstration version of the examination paper (Pressure. Atmospheric pressure), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of presentation allows you to quickly and accurately repeat the material covered when repeating the course of physics in grade 9, as well as using the examples of demo versions of the GIA in physics in 2008-2010 to show the application of the basic laws and formulas in the variants of examination tasks of level A and B.
The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating the relevant topics, which will help orient students to the exam of choice in the final years.

Methodological guide (presentation) “Simple mechanisms. efficiency simple mechanisms. Preparing for the GIA” was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Attestation (GIA) in physics in 2010 and is intended to prepare graduates of the basic school for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and the Plan of the demonstration version of the examination paper (Simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms), accompanied by animation and video clips.

The brevity and clarity of presentation allows you to quickly and accurately repeat the material covered when repeating the course of physics in grade 9, as well as using the examples of demo versions of the GIA in physics in 2008-2010 to show the application of the basic laws and formulas in the variants of examination tasks of level A and B.
The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating the relevant topics, which will help orient students to the exam of choice in the final years.

Published in

Studying the material without the help of tutors and experienced teachers has not only a number of advantages, but also associated with certain difficulties. It is advisable to refuse a tutor if:

1. You have no difficulty understanding the subject. Perhaps you simply skipped some topics due to illness, which created gaps in knowledge, or part of the material was skipped by the teacher himself, who gave topics for home consideration.
2. You know the subject well in general and want to refresh your knowledge. Even if your report card has always flaunted excellent marks, do not neglect the preparation for the exam. For several years, some of the information is forgotten, and remembering it will not be superfluous at all. Plus, it's pretty easy to do it yourself.
3. They will be able to help you. Parents who are teachers or professors or even classmates who are honored to spend half an hour explaining a difficult topic will help you a lot. If you are sure that you can handle the bulk of the material on your own, and with difficult topics they will help you, feel free to choose self-training.

Start preparing in advance, do not postpone everything for the last weeks. The end of the year is already a busy period, you will have to write tests, complete individual tasks and many other types of work, and there will be very little time for preparation. In addition, it is better to absorb information in small parts, delving into each rule and formula.

Practice regularly. It is better to set aside 1-2 hours every day than to devote all weekends to preparation and sit at the computer for many hours in a row. Do not forget, the brain can work effectively for no more than 40-45 minutes, after which it is necessary to take a break. If you try to “catch up” with all the classes you missed during the week in one day, the material you read will be forgotten very quickly.

Don't forget about repetition. It is best to repeat the material twice - 6 hours after studying and the next day. Repeat and remember only the key information, and you will not forget it until the day of the exam.

Study in a calm, quiet environment, do not be distracted by any household chores, focus.

How to prepare for the OGE on your own: what materials are needed?

First of all, take care of the equipment and stock up on all the necessary materials that you will use.

You should not immediately go to the library and ask for textbooks from previous years, they are unlikely to help you. The fact is that the material in them is presented with lengthy explanations, the study of which will take a lot of time. In addition, the OGE program changes annually, some topics are skipped. In textbooks, you will have to learn and repeat everything in a row, even that which may not be useful at all on the exam.

An excellent alternative to textbooks will be special training manuals. The material in them is presented concisely, in fact, the main concepts, formulas, dates, rules and other key information are highlighted. Often the text is accompanied by tables, diagrams, charts and other graphic components that simplify the process of organizing and remembering information.

In addition to manuals and collections with a theoretical part, you will need materials for practice. It will not be superfluous to practice solving tests and problems, answering written questions and writing essays, that is, performing such types of tasks that you will encounter during testing.

A complete database of materials for preparation on the site "site"

In order not to spend extra money and time searching for and buying all the necessary manuals and collections with training tasks, register on the site "site". Here you will find a complete database of materials that will help in preparing for the OGE in all subjects:

• Russian language and literature
• English, Spanish, French, German
• Chemistry
• Physics
• Biology
• social studies
• Stories
• Mathematics
• Geography
• computer science

We have collected all the necessary materials for our users:

1. Theoretical manuals, which contain textual information, tables, charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, images and much more.
2. Practical tasks, including tests, tasks, examples, open tasks with independent formulation of the correct answer, retellings, essays and others.

All materials on the site "site" are divided into separate sections corresponding to subjects, and systematized by topic. Thanks to this, you can easily find the information you need and prepare yourself as efficiently as possible.

If you are preparing for the exam, we bring to your attention online training- which will save you time and money.

Tasks. There are 26 tasks in the OGE in physics.

1–22 → short answer problems. In the appropriate field on the form, you need to enter the number of the option, the answer, or fill out a small table for compliance.

23–26 → problems with a detailed answer. You need to write down not only the final result of your reasoning and calculations, but also the entire course of solving the problem.

The main sections of physics that are tested at the OGE:

• mechanical phenomena
• thermal phenomena
• Electromagnetic Phenomena
• quantum phenomena

Time. The exam lasts 180 minutes. To solve one problem basic level difficulty from the first part takes 2-5 minutes, advanced level difficulty - up to 15 minutes.

The tasks with a detailed answer from the second part take the longest to solve:

Task 23, experiment → 30 minutes

Task 22, qualitative task → 15 minutes

Tasks 25 and 26 → 20 minutes each

Allocate the time on the exam so that you have time to check all the answers and, without rushing, transfer them to a clean copy - set aside at least 15 minutes for this.

How is work evaluated?

1 point → tasks 2–5, 7, 8, 10–14, 16–18, 20–22

2 points → tasks 1, 6, 9, 15 and 19. Maximum score put if both elements of the answer are correct. If one mistake is made, you will receive 1 point.

2–4 points → tasks with a detailed answer. The maximum score is given for experimental task 23. These tasks are evaluated by two experts: they give points independently of each other. If their estimates differ significantly, the work is checked by a third expert. His scores are considered final.

The maximum on the OGE in physics you can get 40 points. They are translated into an assessment on a five-point scale.

10–19 points → "3"

20–30 points → "4"

from 31 points → "5"

What is tested in the exam

All exam requirements are listed in the 2019 specification. Familiarize yourself with it in order to clearly understand what topics will be on the exam.

At the OGE, they check how well you are:

• Do you know the basic physical concepts, quantities and phenomena
• Know how to apply physical laws
• Have a basic knowledge of methods scientific knowledge
• Know how to experiment
• Understand texts of physical content and can extract information from them
• Solve problems different type and difficulty level

Let's look at some examples of problems on these topics.

Problem analysis

Physical laws - task 7

Let's take the task of knowing the law of conservation of energy: "In an isolated system, energy can only be converted from one form to another, but its amount remains constant."

How to decide

Answer:−204 J. In this problem, the answer is negative. When the force of action and the force of resistance are directed in different sides, the work of the resistance force is always negative and is denoted by a minus sign. If you do not put a minus sign, the answer will not be counted.

Physical phenomena - task 6

To solve the problem, looking at the picture, you need to establish the truth or falsity of all five statements.

How to decide

Answer: 2, 4.

What to pay attention to. In tasks where you need to choose two options out of five, always check all five options. Then you will be sure that you have found the two right answers.

Methods of scientific knowledge - tasks 18 and 19

It is necessary to analyze the results of experiments, expressed in the form of a table or graph, and correlate the results obtained with the statements given in the problem.

How to decide

We know that atmospheric pressure decreases when climbing a mountain, and increases when immersed in water. However, in this case The design of the bathysphere is hermetic and a constant pressure is maintained inside it. Therefore, only option 1 is correct: to prove that the boiling point of water depends on atmospheric pressure, only experiment A needs to be carried out.

Answer: 1.

How to decide

✔️ The first statement is correct. The bottom of the vessels changed shape under the influence of liquid, which means that we can draw such a conclusion from this experiment.

✔️ The second statement is true. Indeed, different liquids cause the bottom to sag more or less.

❌ The third statement is false. To check it, you need to take the vessels different shapes, and we have the same vessels.

❌ The fourth statement is false. To check it, you need a different height of the liquid column, which we do not have.

❌ The fifth statement is false. This is Pascal's law, and it is confirmed by completely different experiments.

Answer: 1, 2.

What to pay attention to. In this problem, it is necessary to find not correct statements, namely those that directly follow from the experiment given in the problem. At the same time, all five statements can be true from the point of view of physics, but only two conclusions can be drawn on the basis of the observations presented, without involving additional data.

Experiment - task 23

How to decide

1. Draw a diagram of the electrical network.

Answer: 5 ohm.

What to pay attention to. Hints about the course of the solution are contained in the task itself.

Answer: 5 ohm.

Evaluation criteria. To get 4 points for problem 23, you need to write clearly and clearly all four points.

You'll get only 3 points→ if everything is correct, but

• Answer incorrectly calculated
• Wrong unit of measure
• The diagram was drawn with an error or not drawn at all
• They did not give a formula for calculating the desired value

You'll get only 2 points→ if the measurements were taken correctly, but

• They did not give formulas for calculating the desired value and did not receive an answer
• Did not give an answer and schemes experimental setup
• They didn’t draw a diagram and didn’t give a formula for calculating the desired value

You'll get only 1 point→ if

• Resulted the correct values ​​of direct measurements
• brought correct value only one direct measurement and formula for calculation
• They gave the correct value of only one direct measurement and correctly drew a diagram

Comprehension of texts of physical content - tasks 20 and 22

It is necessary to correctly understand the meaning of the terms given in the text and answer questions about the content of the text. At the same time, one must be able to compare information from different parts text and apply it in other situations, as well as translate information from one sign system to another.

Usually, to solve these problems, it is enough to be able to read and understand the text, additional knowledge may not be required at all.

How to decide

❌ Statement A refers to any body, while the text refers to rocks, so statement A is false.

✔️ "Small permanent magnets” in statement B correspond to “miniature magnetic needles” in the text, then statement B is true.

Answer: 2.

How to decide

The text says that the field has not changed for 700 thousand years. At the same time, there is no information in the text about the frequency with which the field changed.

Conclusion: No, such a conclusion cannot be drawn.

Answer: the statement is false.

Tasks of different types and levels of complexity

Short Answer Problems - 3 and 10

How to decide

In this case, it is important to pay attention to the key point in the condition - the words "between the table and the book." The correct answer to the problem is 2. In other cases, the figure shows forces acting either only on the book, or only on the table, or on the book and table together, but not between them.

Answer: 2.

How to decide

Answer: it is asked to be expressed in grams, so 200 grams.

What to look out for

• Read the terms carefully
• Write down all numbers as indicated in the reference materials
• Always convert all quantities to the SI system (meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin)
• Write down not only the number, but also the designation of the physical quantity

Task with a detailed answer - 25

How to decide

Answer: 25 meters.

What to look out for

• Be sure to write down a brief condition - what is given to you
• Enter in "given" all the quantities. Even those that are not mentioned in the task, but which you will use
• All values ​​must be in the same unit of measurement (SI)
• Explain the introduction of all new quantities
• Drawings and diagrams should be understandable and reflect the condition of the problem
• Schedule your every action
• Always write the word "answer"

Evaluation criteria

To get 3 points for problem 25, you must correctly write down the brief condition of the problem, give the equations and formulas necessary and sufficient for solving the problem, correctly complete all mathematical transformations and calculations and indicate the correct answer.

You'll get only 2 points→ if everything is correct, but

• Wrong entry short term tasks
• Incorrect conversion of units to SI
• They gave only a solution without calculations
• Incorrectly performed mathematical transformations or made mistakes in calculations

You'll get only 1 point→ if

• Not all the formulas necessary and sufficient to solve the problem were written down
• They gave all the formulas, but one of them made a mistake

Physics. New complete reference to prepare for the OGE. Purysheva N.S.

2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: 2016 - 288 p.

This handbook contains all the theoretical material on the course of physics required to pass the main state exam in the 9th grade. It includes all elements of the content, checked by control and measuring materials, and helps to generalize and systematize knowledge and skills for the basic school course. Theoretical material presented in a concise, accessible way. Each section is accompanied by examples of test tasks. Practical tasks correspond OGE format. Answers to the tests are given at the end of the manual. The manual is addressed to schoolchildren and teachers.

Format: pdf

The size: 6.9 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

CONTENT
Preface 5
MECHANICAL PHENOMENA
mechanical movement. Trajectory. Way.
Move 7
Uniform rectilinear motion 15
Speed. Acceleration. Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion 21
Free fall 31
Uniform movement bodies around the circumference 36
Weight. Matter density 40
Force. Composition of forces 44
Newton's laws 49
Friction force 55
Elastic force. Body weight 60
Law gravity. Gravity 66
body momentum. Law of conservation of momentum 71
mechanical work. Power 76
Potential and kinetic energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy 82
simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms 88
Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Pascal's law. Archimedes' Law 94
Mechanical vibrations and waves 105
THERMAL PHENOMENA
The structure of matter. Models of the structure of gas, liquid and solid body 116
Thermal motion of atoms and molecules. Relationship between the temperature of a substance and the speed of the chaotic motion of particles. Brownian motion. Diffusion.
Thermal equilibrium 125
Internal energy. Work and heat transfer as methods of change internal energy 133
Types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation 138
Quantity of heat. Specific heat 146
The law of conservation of energy in thermal processes.
Energy conversion in heat engines 153
Evaporation and condensation. Boiling liquid 161
Melting and crystallization 169
ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA
Electrification of tel. Two types of electric charges. Interaction of electric charges. The law of conservation of electric charge 176
Electric field. Action electric field to electrical charges. Conductors and dielectrics 182
Constant electric current. Current strength. Voltage. Electrical resistance. Ohm's law for the plot
electrical circuit 188
Series and parallel connections of conductors 200
Work and power electric current. Joule-Lenz law 206
Oersted's experience. The magnetic field of the current. Interaction of magnets. Action magnetic field on a conductor with current 210
Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments.
Electromagnetic oscillations and waves 220
Law rectilinear propagation Sveta. Law
reflections of light. flat mirror. Refraction of light 229
Light dispersion Lens. Focal length of the lens.
eye like optical system. Optical instruments 234
QUANTUM PHENOMENA
Radioactivity. Alpha, beta, gamma radiation.
Rutherford's experiments. Planetary model of the atom 241
Compound atomic nucleus. Nuclear reactions 246
Reference materials 252
An example of a variant of instrumentation OGE materials(GIA) 255
Answers 268

The handbook contains all the theoretical material on the basic school physics course and is designed to prepare 9th grade students for the main state exam (OGE).
The content of the main sections of the reference book - "Mechanical phenomena", "Thermal phenomena", "Electromagnetic phenomena", "Quantum phenomena", corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements in the subject, on the basis of which the control and measuring materials (KIMs) of the OGE are compiled.
The theoretical material is presented in a concise and accessible form. Clarity of presentation and visibility educational material help you prepare effectively for the exam.
Practical part handbook includes samples test items, which both in form and content fully correspond to the real options offered at the main state exam in physics.

Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination

Main general education

UMK line A. V. Peryshkina. Physics (7-9)

Getting ready for the OGE in physics: task number 23

In the 9th grade, students for the first time face compulsory state exams. What does this mean for the teacher? Firstly, the task is to set up children for enhanced preparation for certification work. But the most important thing: not just to give full knowledge in your subject, but to explain what kind of tasks you have to perform, to analyze typical examples, mistakes and give students all the tools to successful delivery exam.

When preparing for the OGE, experimental task No. 23 raises the most questions. It is the most difficult, respectively, and the most time is allotted for it - 30 minutes. And for its successful implementation, you can get the most points - 4. This task begins the second part of the work. If we look into the codifier, we will see that the controlled content elements here are mechanical and electromagnetism phenomena. Students must show the ability to work with physical instruments and measuring instruments.

There are 8 standard sets of equipment that you may need for the exam. Which ones will be used becomes known a few days before the exam, so it is advisable to conduct additional training before the exam with the tools that will be used; be sure to repeat how to take readings from instruments. If the exam is held on the territory of another school, the teacher can arrive there in advance to see the kits ready for work. The teacher preparing the instruments for the exam should pay attention to their serviceability, especially those subject to wear. For example, using an old battery may result in the student simply not being able to set the required amperage.

It is necessary to check whether the devices match with specified values. If they do not match, then special forms indicate true values, and not those recorded in the official sets.

The teacher responsible for administering the exam can be assisted Technical Specialist. He also monitors compliance with safety regulations during the exam and can intervene in the course of the assignment. Students should be reminded that if they notice a malfunction of any device during the assignment, they should report it immediately.

There are three types of experimental items found on the physics exam.

Type 1. "Indirect measurements physical quantities". Includes 12 themes:

• Matter density
• Strength of Archimedes
• Sliding friction coefficient
• Spring rate
• Period and frequency of oscillations mathematical pendulum
• Moment of force acting on the lever
• Work is the elastic force when lifting a load with a movable or fixed block
• The work of the friction force
• Optical power of converging lens
• Electrical resistance resistor
• Work of electric current
• Electric current power.

Type 2. "Presentation of experimental results in the form of tables or graphs and formulation of a conclusion based on the obtained experimental data." Includes 5 themes:

• The dependence of the elastic force arising in the spring on the degree of deformation of the spring
• The dependence of the period of oscillation of a mathematical pendulum on the length of the thread
• Dependence of the current strength arising in the conductor on the voltage at the ends of the conductor
• Dependence of sliding friction force on normal pressure force
• Properties of an image obtained with a converging lens

Type 3. "Experimental verification physical laws and consequences." Includes 2 themes:

• The law of series connection of resistors for electrical voltage
• Law parallel connection resistors for electric current

Preparation for the OGE in physics: tips for the student

• It is important to be very precise in writing down everything that the rules require on the answer sheet. Checking your work, it is worth taking another look to see if anything is missing: schematic drawing, formula for calculating the required value, results of direct measurements, calculations, numerical value desired value, output, etc., depending on the conditions. The absence of at least one indicator will lead to a decrease in the score.
• For additional measurements entered in the form, the score is not reduced.
• Drawings must be done very carefully, sloppy schemes also take away a point. It is important to learn to control the indication of all units of measurement
• When writing down the answer, the student should not indicate the error, but it is worth conveying to him the information that the verifier has criteria and the correct answer already contains the boundaries of the interval within which the correct result may turn out.

Preparation for the exam in general and for experimental task in particular cannot be spontaneous. It is almost impossible to complete tasks without constantly developing skills in working with laboratory equipment. Therefore, teachers are encouraged to read demo versions exam paper and parse typical tasks during the laboratory.

Detailed analysis all types of tasks you can see inwebinar