What were the simple phenomena of nature today. Natural phenomena (biological, physical, chemical)

Natural hazards are extreme climatic or meteorological phenomena that occur naturally at one point or another on the planet. In some regions, such hazards may occur with greater frequency and destructive force than in others. Dangerous natural phenomena escalate into natural disasters when the infrastructure created by civilization is destroyed and the people themselves die.

1. Earthquakes

Among all natural hazardous phenomena the first place should be given to earthquakes. In places of breaks in the earth's crust, tremors occur, which cause vibrations of the earth's surface with the release of gigantic energy. The resulting seismic waves are transmitted over very long distances, although these waves have the greatest destructive power in the epicenter of the earthquake. Due to strong fluctuations earth's surface massive destruction of buildings.
Since there are quite a lot of earthquakes, and the surface of the earth is quite densely built up, then total people in history who died precisely as a result of earthquakes exceeds the number of all victims of other natural disasters and amounts to many millions. For example, for last decade Earthquakes have killed over 700,000 people around the world. From the most devastating shocks, entire settlements instantly collapsed. Japan is the most earthquake-affected country, and one of the most catastrophic earthquakes occurred there in 2011. The epicenter of this earthquake was in the ocean near the island of Honshu, according to the Richter scale, the magnitude of the shocks reached 9.1 points. Powerful jolts and the ensuing devastating tsunami put out of action the nuclear power plant in Fukushima, destroying three of the four power units. Radiation covered a large area around the station, rendering densely populated areas so valuable in Japanese conditions uninhabitable. A colossal tsunami wave turned into a mess what the earthquake could not destroy. More than 16 thousand people officially died, among which another 2.5 thousand who are considered missing can be safely added. Only in this century destructive earthquakes took place in Indian Ocean, Iran, Chile, Haiti, Italy, Nepal.

2. Tsunami waves

A specific water disaster in the form of tsunami waves often results in numerous casualties and catastrophic destruction. As a result of underwater earthquakes or shifts tectonic plates very fast, but hardly noticeable waves arise in the ocean, which grow into huge ones as they approach the shores and reach shallow water. Most often, tsunamis occur in areas with increased seismic activity. A huge mass of water, rapidly moving ashore, blows everything in its path, picks it up and carries it deep into the coast, and then carries it into the ocean with a reverse current. Humans, unable to feel danger like animals, often do not notice the approach of a deadly wave, and when they do, it is too late.
Usually killed by tsunamis more people than from the earthquake that caused it ( last case in Japan). In 1971, the most powerful tsunami ever observed occurred there, the wave of which rose 85 meters at a speed of about 700 km / h. But the most catastrophic was the tsunami observed in the Indian Ocean (the source is an earthquake off the coast of Indonesia), which claimed the lives of about 300 thousand people along a significant part of the coast of the Indian Ocean.

A tornado (in America this phenomenon is called a tornado) is a fairly stable atmospheric vortex, most often occurring in thunderclouds. He is a visa...

3. Volcanic eruption

Throughout its history, mankind has remembered many catastrophic volcanic eruptions. When the pressure of magma exceeds the strength of the earth's crust in the most weak points, which are volcanoes, it ends with an explosion and outpourings of lava. But the lava itself, from which you can simply get away, is not so much dangerous as hot pyroclastic gases rushing from the mountain, pierced here and there by lightning, as well as a noticeable effect on the climate of the strongest eruptions.
Volcanologists count from five thousand dangerous active volcanoes, several dormant supervolcanoes, not counting the thousands of extinct ones. So, during the eruption of the Tambora volcano in Indonesia, the surrounding lands were plunged into darkness for two days, 92 thousand inhabitants died, and a cold snap was felt even in Europe and America.
List of some strong volcanic eruptions:

Volcano Laki (Iceland, 1783). As a result of that eruption, a third of the population of the island died - 20 thousand inhabitants. The eruption lasted for 8 months, during which flows of lava and liquid mud erupted from volcanic cracks. The geysers have never been more active. Living on the island at that time was almost impossible. The crops were destroyed, and even the fish disappeared, so the survivors experienced hunger and suffered from unbearable living conditions. This may be the longest eruption in human history.
Volcano Tambora (Indonesia, Sumbawa Island, 1815). When the volcano exploded, the sound of this explosion spread over 2,000 kilometers. Ash covered even the remote islands of the archipelago, 70 thousand people died from the eruption. But even today, Tambora is one of the highest mountains in Indonesia, retaining volcanic activity.
Volcano Krakatoa (Indonesia, 1883). 100 years after Tambora, another catastrophic eruption occurred in Indonesia, this time "blowing the roof" (in literally) Krakatoa volcano. After the catastrophic explosion that destroyed the volcano itself, frightening peals were heard for another two months. A huge amount of rocks, ash and hot gases were thrown into the atmosphere. The eruption was followed by a powerful tsunami with a wave height of up to 40 meters. These two natural disasters together destroyed 34,000 islanders along with the island itself.
Volcano Santa Maria (Guatemala, 1902). After a 500-year hibernation in 1902, this volcano woke up again, starting the 20th century with the most catastrophic eruption, which resulted in the formation of a one and a half kilometer crater. In 1922, Santa Maria again reminded of itself - this time the eruption itself was not too strong, but a cloud of hot gases and ash brought death to 5 thousand people.

4. Tornadoes

Throughout human history strongest earthquakes more than once they inflicted colossal damage on people and were the cause of a huge number of victims among the population ...

A tornado is a very impressive natural phenomenon, especially in the USA, where it is called a tornado. This is air flow, twisted in a spiral into a funnel. Small tornadoes resemble slender narrow pillars, and giant tornadoes can resemble a mighty carousel directed to the sky. The closer to the funnel, the stronger the wind speed, it begins to drag along ever larger objects, up to cars, wagons and light buildings. In the "tornado alley" of the United States, entire city blocks are often destroyed, people die. The most powerful vortices of category F5 reach a speed of about 500 km/h in the center. The state of Alabama suffers the most every year from tornadoes.

There is a kind of fire tornado, which sometimes occurs in the area of massive fires. There, from the heat of the flame, powerful ascending currents are formed, which begin to twist into a spiral, like an ordinary tornado, only this one is filled with flame. As a result, a powerful draft is formed near the surface of the earth, from which the flame grows even stronger and incinerates everything around. When the catastrophic earthquake hit Tokyo in 1923, it caused massive fires that led to the formation of a fiery tornado that rose 60 meters. The column of fire moved towards the square with frightened people and burned 38 thousand people in a few minutes.

5. Sandstorms

This phenomenon occurs in sandy deserts when a strong wind rises. Sand, dust and soil particles rise to a sufficiently high height, forming a cloud that dramatically reduces visibility. If an unprepared traveler gets into such a storm, he can die from grains of sand falling into the lungs. Herodotus described history as 525 BC. e. in the Sahara, a 50,000-strong army was buried alive by a sandstorm. In Mongolia, 46 people died as a result of this natural phenomenon in 2008, and two hundred people suffered the same fate the year before.

Occasionally, tsunami waves occur in the ocean. They are very insidious - they are completely invisible in the open ocean, but as soon as they approach the coastal shelf, they ...

6. Avalanches

From the snow-covered mountain peaks, snow avalanches periodically descend. Climbers especially often suffer from them. During World War I, up to 80,000 people died from avalanches in the Tyrolean Alps. In 1679, five thousand people died in Norway from snowmelt. In 1886 there was a major catastrophe, as a result of which " White death claimed 161 lives. The records of the Bulgarian monasteries also mention the human victims of snow avalanches.

7 Hurricanes

They are called hurricanes in the Atlantic and typhoons in the Pacific. These are huge atmospheric vortices, in the center of which the most strong winds and drastically low blood pressure. A few years ago, the devastating Hurricane Katrin swept over the United States, which especially affected the state of Louisiana and the densely populated New Orleans located at the mouth of the Mississippi. 80% of the city was flooded, killing 1836 people. Notable destructive hurricanes have also become:

Hurricane Ike (2008). The diameter of the eddy was over 900 km, and in its center the wind was blowing at a speed of 135 km/h. In the 14 hours that the cyclone moved across the United States, it managed to cause $30 billion worth of damage.
Hurricane Wilma (2005). This is the largest Atlantic cyclone in the history of meteorological observations. A cyclone that originated in the Atlantic made landfall several times. The amount of damage inflicted by him amounted to $ 20 billion, 62 people died.
Typhoon Nina (1975). This typhoon was able to breach China's Bankiao Dam, causing the dams below to collapse and causing catastrophic flooding. The typhoon killed up to 230,000 Chinese.

8. Tropical cyclones

These are the same hurricanes, but in tropical and subtropical waters, which are huge atmospheric systems low pressure with winds and thunderstorms, often exceeding a thousand kilometers in diameter. Near the surface of the earth, winds in the center of the cyclone can reach speeds of over 200 km/h. Low pressure and wind cause the formation of a coastal storm surge - when huge masses of water are thrown ashore at high speed, washing away everything in their path.

Ecological disasters have their own specifics - during them not a single person may die, but at the same time a very significant amount will be inflicted ...

9. Landslide

Prolonged rains can cause landslides. The soil swells, loses its stability and slides down, taking with it everything that is on the surface of the earth. Most often, landslides occur in the mountains. In 1920, the most devastating landslide occurred in China, under which 180 thousand people were buried. Other examples:

Bududa (Uganda, 2010). Due to mudflows, 400 people died, and 200 thousand had to be evacuated.
Sichuan (China, 2008). Avalanches, landslides and mudflows caused by an 8-magnitude earthquake claimed 20,000 lives.
Leyte (Philippines, 2006). The downpour caused a mudflow and a landslide that killed 1,100 people.
Vargas (Venezuela, 1999). Mudflows and landslides after heavy rains (almost 1000 mm of precipitation fell in 3 days) on the northern coast led to the death of almost 30 thousand people.

10. Fireballs

We are accustomed to the usual linear lightning accompanied by thunder, but much more rare and mysterious are fireballs. The nature of this phenomenon is electrical, but more accurate description So far, scientists cannot give a ball lightning. It is known that it can have different sizes and shapes, most often these are yellowish or reddish luminous spheres. For unknown reasons, ball lightning often ignores the laws of mechanics. Most often they occur before a thunderstorm, although they can appear in absolutely clear weather, as well as indoors or in the cockpit. The luminous ball hangs in the air with a slight hiss, then it can start moving in an arbitrary direction. Over time, it seems to shrink until it disappears altogether or explodes with a roar. But the damage fireball can bring very limited.

Subject: General concepts about dangerous and emergency situations of a natural nature.

Lesson topic: Natural phenomena and their classification.

The purpose of the lesson: To acquaint students with natural phenomena and their diversity.

Lesson objectives:

I. Educational tasks:

Recall and consolidate knowledge about the shells of the Earth.
To form students' knowledge that the formation of any natural phenomenon is associated with the processes occurring in the Earth's shells.
To give general idea, students about the types of natural phenomena at the place of their occurrence.

II. development tasks.

To develop in students the ability and ability to foresee the natural phenomena of their area, which can lead to serious consequences, as well as ways to protect against them.

III. educational tasks.

To instill in students the belief that any natural phenomenon destructive force causes great damage to the state different kind, primarily material and loss of life. Therefore, the state needs to send funds to scientific institutions so that they deal with this problem and be able to predict them in the future.

During the classes

Teacher: Today, children, we will talk about natural phenomena and their diversity. Of course, you know some, some you learned from the course of natural history and geography, and if someone is interested in means mass media then from there. If you turn on the TV, radio or use the Internet, then we can say with confidence that natural phenomena of destructive power are occurring more and more often, and their strength is becoming greater. Therefore, we need to know what natural phenomena occur, where they occur most often and how to protect ourselves from them.

Teacher: And so let's remember from the course of geography what shells of the Earth exist.

In total, 4 shells of the Earth are distinguished:

The lithosphere is made up of the earth's crust and top part mantle.
The hydrosphere is a water shell, it includes all water in different states.
Atmosphere - gas envelope, the lightest and most mobile.
The biosphere is the sphere of life, it is the area of existence of all living organisms.

Teacher: In all these shells, certain processes take place, as a result of which natural phenomena arise. Therefore, various natural phenomena can be divided according to the place of their occurrence:

Teacher: From this diagram, we see how many natural phenomena exist. Now let's look at each of them and find out what they are. (Children should take an active part in this part.)

Geological.

1. An earthquake is a natural phenomenon associated with geological processes occurring in the Earth's lithosphere, it manifests itself in the form of tremors and vibrations of the earth's surface resulting from sudden displacements and ruptures in the earth's crust or in the upper part of the mantle.

Picture 1.

2. A volcano is a conical mountain, from which an incandescent substance, magma, erupts from time to time.

A volcanic eruption is the release of molten matter from the earth's crust and mantle, which is called magma, to the surface of the planet.

Figure 2.

3. A landslide is a downward displacement of soil masses under the action of gravity, which occurs on slopes when the stability of the soil or rocks is disturbed.

Landslide formation depends on various factors, such as:

what rocks make up this slope;
slope steepness;
ground water, etc.

Landslides can occur as naturally(e.g. earthquake, heavy rainfall) and artificially (e.g. human activities: deforestation, excavation).

Figure 3

4. A collapse is a detachment and fall of large masses of rocks, their overturning, crushing and rolling on steep and steep slopes.

Causes of landslides in the mountains can be:

the rocks that make up the mountains are layered or broken by cracks;
water activity;
geological processes(earthquake), etc.

Causes of collapses on the coast of seas and rivers are the washing and dissolution of the underlying rocks.

Figure 4

5. An avalanche is a collapse of a mass of snow on mountain slopes, the slope angle must be at least 15 °.

The causes of an avalanche are:

earthquake;
intensive snow melting;
prolonged snowfall;
human activity.

Figure 5

Meteorological.

1. A hurricane is a wind whose speed exceeds 30 m/s, resulting in huge destruction.

Figure 6

2. A storm is a wind, but with slower speed than in a hurricane and is no more than 20 m/s.

Figure 7

3. Tornado - is an atmospheric vortex formed in thunder cloud and going down, has a head start of a funnel or sleeve.

A tornado consists of a core and a wall. Around the core there is an upward movement of air, the speed of which can reach 200 m / s.

Figure 8

Hydrological.

1. Flooding is a significant flooding of the area as a result of a rise in the water level in a lake, river, etc.

Reasons for the flood:

intensive snowmelt in spring;
heavy rainfall;
blockage of the riverbed rocks during an earthquake, collapse, etc., as well as ice during traffic jams;
wind activity (water surge from the sea, bay at the mouth of the river).

Types of floods:

Figure 9

2. Mudflow is a stormy stream in the mountains of a temporary nature, consisting of water and a large number fragments of rocks.

The formation of mudflows is associated with abundant precipitation in the form of rain or intense snowmelt. As a result, loose rocks are washed away and move along the river bed at high speed, which picks up everything in its path: boulders, trees, etc.

Figure 10.

3. Tsunami is a kind sea waves resulting from the vertical shift of significant areas of the seabed.

A tsunami occurs as a result of:

earthquakes;
underwater volcano eruptions;
landslides, etc.

Figure 11.

Biological.

1. A forest fire is an uncontrolled burning of vegetation, spontaneously spreading through a forest area.

Forest fire can be: grassroots and riding.

An underground fire is the burning of peat in marshy and swampy soils.

Figure 12.

2. An epidemic is a spread infectious disease among a large number of the population and significantly exceeding the incidence rate usually recorded in the area.

Figure 13.

3. An epizootic is a widespread infectious disease among animals (for example: foot-and-mouth disease, swine fever, bovine brucellosis).

Figure 14.

4. Epiphytotics are mass distribution infectious disease among plants (for example: late blight, wheat rust).

Figure 15.

Teacher: As you can see, in the world there is great amount phenomena that surround us. So let's remember them and be extremely careful at the time of their occurrence.

Some of you may say: “Why do we need to know all of them if they are not typical for our region?”. From one point of view you are right, but from the other you are wrong. Each of you tomorrow, the day after tomorrow or in the future will surely go on a trip to other parts of the Motherland and the country. And there, as you know, there can be completely different phenomena that are not typical for our area. And then your knowledge will help you survive in a critical situation and avoid negative consequences. As the saying goes: "God saves the safe."

Literature.

Smirnov A.T. Fundamentals of life safety. 7th grade.
Shemanaev V.A. Pedagogical practice in the system of modern teacher training.
Smirnov A.T. The program of educational institutions of the basics of life safety grades 5-11.

Changes are constantly taking place in nature and weather, sometimes it snows, sometimes it rains, sometimes the sun bakes, sometimes clouds appear. All these are called natural phenomena or phenomena of nature. Natural phenomena are changes that occur in nature regardless of the will of man. Many natural phenomena are associated with the change of seasons (seasons), so they are called seasonal. For each season, and we have 4 of them - this is spring, summer, autumn, winter, their natural and weather conditions. Nature is usually divided into living (these are animals and plants) and non-living. Therefore, phenomena are also divided into phenomena of living nature and phenomena of inanimate nature. Of course, these phenomena intersect, but some of them are especially characteristic of a particular season.

In the spring, after a long winter, the sun warms up more and more, ice begins to drift on the river, thawed patches appear on the ground, buds swell, and the first green grass grows. The day is getting longer and the night is getting shorter. It is getting warmer. Migratory birds begin their journey to the regions where they will raise their chicks.

What natural phenomena occur in spring?

Snowmelt. As more heat comes from the Sun, the snow begins to melt. The air around is filled with the murmur of streams, which can provoke the onset of floods - a clear sign of spring.

thawed patches. They appear wherever the snow cover was thinner and where more sun fell on it. It is the appearance of thawed patches that indicates that winter has given up its rights, and spring has begun. The first greenery quickly breaks through the thawed patches; on them you can find the first spring flowers - snowdrops. Snow will lie in crevices and depressions for a long time, but on the hills and in the fields it melts quickly, exposing the land islands to the warm sun.

Frost. It was warm and suddenly it froze - frost appeared on the branches and wires. These are frozen crystals of moisture.

Ice drift. In spring it becomes warmer, the ice crust on rivers and lakes begins to crack, and gradually the ice melts. Moreover, there is more water in the reservoirs, it carries the ice floes downstream - this is an ice drift.

High water. Streams of melted snow flow from everywhere to the rivers, they fill the reservoirs, the water overflows the banks.

Thermal winds. The sun gradually warms the earth, and at night it begins to give off this heat, winds are formed. While they are still weak and unstable, but the warmer it gets around, the more they move air masses. Such winds are called thermal, they are typical for the spring season.

Rain. The first spring rain is cold, but not as cold as snow :)

Thunderstorm. At the end of May, the first thunderstorm can thunder. Not as strong yet, but bright. Thunderstorms are discharges of electricity in the atmosphere. A thunderstorm often occurs when pushing and lifting warm air cold fronts.

Grad. This is a drop from a cloud of ice balls. Hail can range in size from a tiny pea to chicken egg, then it can even break through the glass of the car!

These are all examples of inanimate phenomena.

Flowering is a spring phenomenon of wildlife. The first buds on the trees appear in late April - early May. The grass has already broken through its green stems, and the trees are getting ready to put on green clothes. The leaves will bloom quickly and suddenly, and the first flowers are about to bloom, exposing their centers to awakened insects. Summer will come soon.

In summer, the grass turns green, flowers bloom, leaves turn green on the trees, you can swim in the river. The sun warms well, it can be very hot. Summer is the longest day and the shortest night of the year. Berries and fruits ripen, the harvest ripens.

In summer, there are natural phenomena, such as:

Rain. In the air, water vapor is supercooled, forming clouds consisting of millions of small ice crystals. Low temperature in the air, below zero degrees, leads to the growth of crystals and to the weighting of frozen drops, which melt in the lower part of the cloud and fall in the form of raindrops to the surface of the earth. In summer, the rain is usually warm, it helps to water the forests and fields. Thunderstorms often accompany summer rain. If it rains and the sun shines at the same time, they say that it is "Mushroom rain". Such rain happens when the cloud is small and does not cover the sun.

Heat. In summer, the rays of the Sun fall on the Earth more vertically and heat its surface more intensively. And at night, the earth's surface gives off heat to the atmosphere. Therefore, in summer it is hot during the day and sometimes even at night.

Rainbow. Occurs in an atmosphere with high humidity, often after rain or thunderstorms. Rainbow - optical phenomenon nature, for the observer appears as a multi-colored arc. At refraction sun rays optical distortion occurs in water droplets, which consists in the deviation different colors, white color is broken down into a spectrum of colors in the form of a multi-colored rainbow.

Flowering begins in spring and continues all summer.

In autumn, you no longer run outside in a T-shirt and shorts. It gets colder, the leaves turn yellow, fall off, migratory birds fly away, insects disappear from sight.

Autumn is characterized by such natural phenomena:

Leaf fall. As plants and trees go through their year-round cycle, they shed their leaves in the fall, exposing their bark and branches, preparing for hibernation. Why does a tree get rid of leaves? So that the fallen snow does not break the branches. Even before the leaf fall, the leaves of the trees dry, turn yellow or redden and, gradually, the wind throws the leaves to the ground, forming a leaf fall. This is an autumn phenomenon of wildlife.

fogs. The earth and water are still heated during the day, but in the evening it is already getting colder, fog appears. At high humidity, for example, after rain or in a damp, cool season, the cooled air turns into small droplets of water hovering above the ground - this is fog.

Dew. These are droplets of water from the air that have fallen in the morning on the grass and leaves. During the night, the air cools down, the water vapor that is in the air comes into contact with the surface of the earth, grass, tree leaves and settles in the form of water droplets. On cold nights, the dew drops freeze, causing it to turn to frost.

Shower. It's heavy, torrential rain.

Wind. This is the movement of air currents. In autumn and winter the wind is especially cold.

As in spring, there is frost in autumn. This means that there is a slight frost on the street - frost.

Fog, dew, downpour, wind, hoarfrost, frost - autumn phenomena of inanimate nature.

In winter it snows and it gets cold. Rivers and lakes are frozen over. In winter, the longest nights and the most short days, it gets dark early. The sun hardly heats up.

Thus, the phenomena of inanimate nature characteristic of winter are:

Snowfall is the fall of snow.

Blizzard. It's snowfall with wind. Being outdoors in a snowstorm is dangerous, it increases the risk of hypothermia. A strong blizzard can even knock you down.

Freezing is the formation of a crust of ice on the surface of the water. The ice will last all winter until spring, until the snow melts and the spring ice drifts.

Another natural phenomenon - clouds - happens at any time of the year. Clouds are water droplets that have collected in the atmosphere. Water, evaporating on the ground, turns into steam, then, together with warm air currents, rises above the ground. So water is transported over long distances, the water cycle is ensured in nature.

Unusual natural phenomena

There are also very rare, unusual natural phenomena, such as the northern lights, ball lightning, tornadoes and even fish rain. One way or another, such examples of the manifestation of inanimate natural forces cause both surprise and, at times, anxiety, because many of them can harm a person.

Now you know a lot about natural phenomena and you can accurately find those characteristic of a particular season :)

Materials prepared for the lesson on the subject The world in the 2nd grade, the programs Perspective and the School of Russia (Pleshakov), but will be useful to any teacher primary school, and parents of preschool children and junior schoolchildren in home schooling.

I present to your attention the most spectacular article on infodose, here are collected the most incredible photos and a video of the wonders that our planet is capable of creating. Enjoy!

We will start from the frightening frame at the top of the article, it shows

This is one of the most impressive spectacles that nature can offer us, demonstrating its grandiose power. I would not want to be in the place of those people in the photo, seeing such an “Armageddon” that is moving towards you, you immediately begin to feel your little significance in this world, along with the desire to hide “deeper”. But if you do not live in the desert, then you have almost no chance of encountering such a phenomenon. In such a storm, you can easily get lost and even die, suffocated by the sand. So do not underestimate such a large-scale manifestation of the power of nature, which is often visible even from space. 40 million tons of dust are carried into the Amazon from the Sahara desert every year. The video below is really shocking and makes a strong impression. In these US footage, a wall of dust passes through the city of Phoenix, Arizona.

Further down the course with us fire tornado

Such tornadoes really a rare thing, they occur at the sites of fires. But if you are “lucky” to see this, then fear will seize you, and how else to react to a huge whirlwind of fire and smoke, which moves like a tornado rising, as if from the depths of the earth, several tens of meters in height. Really creepy spectacle that still fascinates! The video was filmed in Brazil during forest fires, the residents managed to capture truly unique footage:

Here is something else similar to the one above, namely solar poles

This phenomenon is not as rare as fire tornadoes, and a lucky enough observer may well see them as luminous columns that seem to emerge from the Sun. Such a beautiful phenomenon is explained by the fact that falling flat ice crystals reflect the light of the sun in the upper atmosphere. These ice crystals usually evaporate before reaching the ground, but when sub-zero temperature such crystals can also form near the earth in lung shape snow (sometimes also called "ice fog"). And then such crystals can reflect terrestrial fires, thus forming columns similar to solar pillars. In the photo above, pillars of light surround an ice rink in Alaska.

Next in line is a no less terrible sight caused by whirlpools

This is an even more common phenomenon, small whirlpools have probably seen everything on a river or just a stream. Whirlpools usually arise in a place where the bank goes into the channel and the stream, colliding with them and returning back against the current, as a result of which the water begins to spin and the speed of such rotation depends on the speed of the current in this river, the water always tends to the edges of the whirlpool, creating a depression in the center . Large whirlpools arise according to the same principle, only opposite currents (and not current and shore) collide in them. Such whirlpools can be observed in narrow straits between land areas. Here is a video of the most impressive of them:

And now a hotter place called lavalake.

Usually lava and other molten rocks can be seen during a volcanic eruption. However, there are as many as 5 points on Earth where lava is found on the surface in relatively safe pools. The lava there is clean (not polluted by the volcanic eruption). These "hellish" pools are straight from the center of the earth. Well, I would like to swim there ...

Also among the wonders of nature should be attributed solar eclipse.

The moon copes with this task perfectly by periodically covering the disk of the sun (even despite the fact that its diameter is 400 times larger (the distance evens out the difference)). But the most beautiful eclipse is when the moon completely covers the disk of the sun and a corona is formed around it from the plasma layer around the Sun (only then the plasma layer becomes visible to the naked eye). It happens the same way annulareclipse, this is when, during an eclipse, the moon is too far away from our planet, and is not able to completely cover it when passing through the disk of the sun

No less mesmerizing

This beauty cannot be conveyed either by photographs or videos, it is impossible to realize huge scale and the beauty of this miracle without seeing it in reality. They arise due to the bombardment of the upper atmosphere by charged particles that move along lines of force geomagnetic field to the earth. This is truly indescribable beauty on a cosmic scale!

Another magical phenomenon is migration monarch butterflies

This is true, an amazing natural phenomenon - tens of millions of monarch butterflies fly from Canada to Mexico for the winter thousands of kilometers from year to year! Butterflies! These unrealistically fragile creatures fly over 3,000 kilometers in a giant dense cloud! It's good that they settle in high-altitude meadows, and not in the city, literally twisting everything around. There are so many of them - that some branches break under thousands of butterflies! The sad thing about this story is that only once in a lifetime can a butterfly make such a journey, as there will be five generations of butterflies before it is time to fly back north. It is amazing that the descendants will unmistakably find their way back! Even now, scientists have not been able to reliably figure out how butterflies do this.

Geysers in Yellowstone National Park USA

Imagine thermal source spewing water to a height of more than 3 meters! And in Yellowstone there are already 80 of them. The periods of their eruption are from fractions of a second to an hour and a half show. Intervals between eruptions range from minutes to many hours. The record height was at the Beehive geyser and amounted to 62.5 meters! Incredibly beautiful:

Incredibly amazing nightlights

Organisms Noctiluca scintillans high concentrations and the influence of mechanical factors turn the sea into a "laser show". Under favorable conditions, nightlights have an impressive neon illumination that paints the sea in an incredibly magical color. This is perhaps one of the most amazing maritime wonders, it cannot be expressed in words!

Next we have one of the most mysterious phenomena nature - fireball

Sometimes the behavior of such lightning refutes the laws of physics, and it is not possible to study ball lightning in nature, in laboratory conditions although scientists managed to recreate something similar, it did not bring them closer to the solution.

Mirages another incredible event

Mirages are caused by unevenly heated atmosphere. The rays are refracted and, as it were, allow you to look beyond the horizon, and a person sees something that he should not see when normal conditions. The ancient Egyptians believed that the traveler sees a city that no longer exists.

Another strange phenomenon is biconvex clouds

This is an unusually rare phenomenon that was discovered only 30 years ago. Biconvex clouds (Mammatus clouds) look like a "flying saucer". It is even believed that many UFO eyewitnesses saw this particular type of cloud.

How scary it looks red tide

It only looks ominous, it is caused by the accumulation of microscopic red algae. It has been proven that the red tide is the cause of the death of fish, and the frequency of its occurrence depends on human pollution of the ocean.

And now a supernatural phenomenon in general -

This phenomenon is expressed in the electric glow of a white-bluish or simply white light which occurs when a thunderstorm approaches on pointed objects (mast, lighthouse, etc.). The phenomenon is named after the patron saint of sailors, since sailors often observed the phenomenon during a storm.

The article took over four hours to write, sources.

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Our world is fraught with many unusual natural phenomena. There are those that are easily explained, but there are those that even modern science cannot understand. In this article, we will consider in more detail the second part of them.

Moroccan goats grazing in the trees

Interestingly, Morocco is the only country in the world in which goats, due to the small amount of grass, climb trees and graze whole herds there, while feasting on the fruits of argan. This amazing picture can only be found on the Middle and High Atlas, in addition, between Agadir and Es-Sueira in the Sousse valley. The shepherds walk their goats by walking between the trees. It is worth noting that such unusual places attract thousands of curious tourists every year. With such a global consumption of argans, less and less oil is harvested from these nuts every year. And it is believed to contain various rejuvenating trace elements in its composition. Today, a campaign is underway to declare this place a nature reserve.

Black Sun of Denmark

Denmark also has unusual natural phenomena. So, in the spring, about a million European starlings flock to huge flocks from all around an hour before sunset. The Danes call this process the Black Sun. It can be observed in early spring near the swamps of western Denmark.

Starlings arrive from the south and spend the whole day in the meadows, and in the evening, after making collective pirouettes in the sky, they settle down for the night in the reeds to rest.

crawling stones

This amazing action that takes place in Death Valley has been disturbing the minds of scientists who are trying to write a description of natural phenomena for several decades. Huge boulders crawl by themselves along the bottom of Lake Racetrack Playa. At the same time, no one touches them, but they still crawl. No one has ever seen exactly how they move. At the same time, they stubbornly move, as if alive, sometimes turning over on their side, while leaving behind deep traces that stretch for several meters. Periodically, the stones write out such complex and unusual lines that they turn over, making somersaults in the process of movement.

moon rainbow

The night rainbow (or lunar) is the light that is reflected from the surface of the moon. It is much dimmer than the sun. moon rainbow is a very rare natural phenomenon. If observed with the naked eye, it may appear colorless, due to which it is often referred to as "white". There are several places in the world where the phenomenon of night rainbows is quite often repeated. Among them are Victoria Falls in Australia and Cumberland in Kentucky,

Fish rain in Honduras

When studying unusual natural phenomena, it is worth noting the rain of animals - this is a very rare meteorological phenomenon, but such cases were recorded in different countries throughout the history of all mankind. Although for Honduras this phenomenon is regular. Every year in the period May-July, a dark cloud appears in the sky, thunder rumbles, lightning flashes, a very strong wind blows, it rains heavily for 2-3 hours. After it ends, thousands of live fish remain on the ground.

People pick them up like mushrooms and take them home to cook. The Fish Rain Festival has been held here since 1998. It is celebrated in the city of Yoro, Honduras. One of the hypotheses for the appearance of this phenomenon is that very strong winds lift fish from the water into the air for several kilometers, since north coast The waters of the Caribbean in Honduras abound in fish and other seafood. But no one has ever witnessed this.

annular eclipse

In the world there are different unusual ones, they are given in this article. One of them is an annular eclipse. With it, the Moon is far from the Earth in order to cover the Sun completely. It looks like this: the Moon moves along the disk of the Sun, although it turns out to be smaller in diameter, and cannot completely hide it. Such eclipses are practically of no interest to scientists.

biconvex clouds

Considering unusual natural phenomena, it is necessary to say about this. It would seem that today it is impossible to surprise someone with clouds. But in nature there is their rare biconvex appearance. These are the clouds round shape, reminiscent of more No wonder that they are also called "crazy": a bizarre shape surprises with its originality.

star Rain

We continue the description of natural phenomena. Star shower, despite its name, has nothing to do with meteor showers. What the human eye perceives as many small stars is a huge stream of meteors that burn up when they enter the Earth's atmosphere. At the same time, the amount of data celestial bodies can reach a thousand in one hour. Some of them, which did not have time to burn out completely, fall to Earth.

Fire whirlwinds

A beautiful, dangerous and rare natural phenomenon is fiery whirlwinds. They appear at a certain combination of air direction and temperature. In this case, the flame can rise up to tens of meters, thus forming a semblance of a fiery tornado.

Halo

We continue to consider amazing natural phenomena, examples of which are given in this article. Halo scientific language is defined as a visual phenomenon - a ring glowing around a light source, emerging from cloud crystals. Simply put, we can say that this is a rainbow, it can be seen around the Moon or the Sun, and periodically around the lights, for example, in the center of a night metropolis.

Tornado

This phenomenon is an atmospheric vortex that occurs in a thundercloud. It reaches the earth in the form of a cloudy arm. Tornadoes can be hundreds of meters in diameter. It looks impressive. Although, unfortunately, it can bring no less impressive catastrophes and destruction.

Brocken ghosts

Considering various natural phenomena, it is worth talking about this. appear in Germany on the mountain Brocken. Their occurrence is quite understandable. As it turned out, this is the most ordinary climber, who is above the clouds on top of the mountains. The sun shines on a person, and under the clouds, below, his huge shadow appears, which can scare or at least surprise anyone.

Northern lights

Now consider more positive various natural phenomena. We all saw the polar or northern lights once in the pictures, some were even lucky to see it with their own eyes. It is known that similar phenomena observed near the Earth's poles.

red waves

This name was given to the phenomenon that appears as a result of the flowering of various algae. Breeding freshwater or seaweed sometimes paints large areas of the beach or ocean in a rich red color. Basically, these plants are not dangerous, although there are those that kill birds with their toxicity, fish and people are also harmed, but so far no deaths have been recorded.

Lightning Catatumbo

Near Venezuela you can also see rare natural phenomena. These are Catatunbo lightning bolts. This natural phenomenon constantly occurs in one place for 160 nights a year. In one night, you can see about 20,000 lightning bolts here. It is also interesting that their glow is practically not accompanied by a thunderclap. At night, the sky in these places remains cloudless and clear, due to which they are also visible on the island of Aruba, located 500 km from here.

Fireball

This is a truly mysterious natural phenomenon. A fiery dazzling ball, reaching several tens of centimeters in diameter, suddenly appears after a thunderstorm, after which it quietly floats in air currents above the ground. Ball lightning can be drop-shaped and pear-shaped, although it is more beneficial energetically for it to be in the form of a ball.

Such a freely roaming, light charge can fall on any surface and glide over it without expending energy. Many observers say that he seeks to get into closed rooms, seeping through the cracks and flying through the windows. In this case, lightning can temporarily take the form of a thin thread or cake, and then again turns into a ball. She, colliding with objects, periodically explodes. Until now, the causes of natural phenomena, such as ball lightning, have not been fully understood. It is likely formed from oxygen and nitrogen in a simple lightning channel and explodes when cooled to room temperature.

Penitentes

Such rare natural phenomena can be seen on various mountain glaciers. Penitentes got its name from its resemblance to a row of white-robed monks. It is formed due to the sun, which melts holes on the surface of the glacier. When the hole appears sunlight it begins to be reflected from it, due to which slots increase between the layers of snow. Soon large depressions form there, formed in the form of huge ice peaks, up to 5 meters high.

Mirages

Despite their prevalence, mirages always cause an almost mystical feeling of surprise. We know the reason for their appearance - superheated air changes optical properties, thereby causing inhomogeneities of light, which are called mirages. This phenomenon has long been explained by science, while continuing to amaze the imagination of many people. It should be noted that the visual effect is based on an unusual vertical distribution of air density. This, under certain conditions, leads to the appearance of ghostly images near the horizon. But you instantly forget these boring explanations when you yourself become a witness of this miracle that occurs right before your eyes!

This article presented the most unusual natural phenomena, the photos of which are simply mesmerizing. Some phenomena scientific explanation amenable, while others are inexplicable. Some are quite common, while others can be expected for years. But whatever one may say, they amaze and make you think once again about how unpredictable and wise nature is!