The problem of attitudes towards indifferent people. The problem of indifference: arguments from the literature and the composition of the exam

Direction "Indifference and responsiveness."

Indifference is indifference to everything that surrounds us, lack of interest in the problems of society, in eternal human values, indifference to one's own fate and to the fate of other people, the absence of any emotions in relation to anything. A.P. Chekhov once said: “Indifference is a paralysis of the soul, premature death". But why is such an attitude to life really so dangerous?

Anger, like love, like confusion, like fear and shame, shows a person’s interest in anything, emotions become an indicator of vital energy, and therefore a blush coming to the cheeks is always valued more than a lifeless, cold pallor and an indifferent, empty look. . Slightly noticeable at first glance, manifestations of indifference to what is happening invariably develop into apathy, and as a result, lead to the degradation of the individual. In the story of A.P. Chekhov "Ionych", the author, together with the reader, traces the path of a person from whom the Vital energy and the spiritual principle evaporated. Describing each stage from the biography of the hero, A.P. Chekhov emphasizes with what swiftness indifference penetrated Startsev's life and left a definite mark on it. From an outstanding personality and a promising doctor, the hero slowly but surely turned into a screaming at his own patients, a gambling, greedy, stout man in the street, not noticing the passage of time. For the once energetic and lively hero, now only his money was of exceptional importance, he stopped noticing the suffering of people, looked at the world with dryness and selfishness, in other words, he became indifferent to everything, including himself, which led to inevitable degradation. .

We all live in a society and depend on each other - such is the nature of man. That is why the indifference of each individual leads to the indifference of the whole society. In other words, it forms whole system an organism that destroys itself. Such a society is described by F.M. Dostoevsky in the novel Crime and Punishment. main character, Sonya Marmeladova, at the level of need felt the importance of self-sacrifice and helping people. Looking at the indifference of those around her, she, on the contrary, tried to help everyone in need and do everything in her power. Perhaps if Sonya hadn’t helped Rodion Raskolnikov cope with her moral torments, if she hadn’t instilled faith in him, if she hadn’t saved her family from starvation, then the novel would have had an even more tragic ending. But the indifference of the heroine became a ray of light in the gloomy and damp Petersburg of Dostoevsky. It is terrible to imagine how the novel would have ended if it had not had such a pure and bright hero as Sonya Marmeladova.

It seems to me that if every person takes his eyes off his problems, starts looking around and doing good deeds the whole world will shine with happiness. Indifference is dangerous because in any case it carries darkness with it, it is the antithesis of happiness, joy and goodness.

The problem of spirituality spiritual man- one of eternal problems Russian and world literature

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin(1870 -- 1953) - Russian writer and poet, first laureate Nobel Prize on literature

In "The Gentleman from San Francisco" Bunin criticizes bourgeois reality. This story is symbolic in its title. This symbolism is embodied in the image of the protagonist, who is a collective image of the American bourgeois, a man without a name, called by the author simply a gentleman from San Francisco. The lack of a name for the hero is a symbol of his inner lack of spirituality, emptiness. The idea arises that the hero does not live in the full sense of the word, but only physiologically exists. He only understands material side life. This idea is emphasized by the symbolic composition of this story, its symmetry. While “he was quite generous on the way and therefore fully believed in the caring of all those who fed and watered him, served him from morning to evening, preventing his slightest desire, guarded his purity and peace ...”.

And after a sudden “death, the body of a dead old man from San Francisco returned home, to the grave, to the shores of the New World. Having experienced many humiliations, a lot of human inattention for a week, after wandering from one port shed to another, it finally landed again on the same famous ship, on which so recently, with such honor, they carried him to old light." The ship "Atlantis" sails in reverse direction, only carrying the rich man already in a soda box, "but now hiding him from the living - they lowered him deep into the black hold." And on the ship all the same luxury, well-being, balls, music, a fake couple playing at love.

It turns out that everything he has accumulated has no meaning in the face of that eternal law to which everyone is subject without exception. Obviously, the meaning of life is not in the acquisition of wealth, but in something that cannot be valued in money, - worldly wisdom, kindness, spirituality.

Spirituality is not equal to education and intelligence and does not depend on it.

Alexander Isaevich (Isaakievich) Solzhenitsyn(1918-- 2008) - Soviet and Russian writer, playwright, publicist, poet, public and political figure, who lived and worked in the USSR, Switzerland, the USA and Russia. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1970). A dissident who for several decades (1960s - 1980s) actively opposed communist ideas, political system The USSR and the policies of its authorities.

A. Solzhenitsyn showed this well in the story "Matryonin Dvor". Everyone mercilessly used Matryona's kindness and innocence - and unanimously condemned her for this. Matrena, besides her kindness and conscience, did not accumulate other wealth. She is used to living by the laws of humanity, respect and honesty. And only death revealed to people the majestic and tragic image of Matryona. The narrator bows his head to a man of great disinterested soul, but absolutely unrequited, defenseless. With the departure of Matryona, something valuable and important passes away ...

Of course, the germs of spirituality are embedded in every person. And its development depends on education, and on the circumstances in which a person lives, on his environment. However decisive role plays self-education, our work on ourselves. Our ability to peer into ourselves, ask our conscience and not dissemble in front of ourselves.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov(1891--- 1940) - Russian writer, playwright, theater director and actor. Written in 1925, first published in 1968. The story was first published in the USSR in 1987.

The problem of lack of spirituality in the story M. A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"

Mikhail Afanasyevich shows in the story that humanity is powerless in the fight against the lack of spirituality that arises in people. In the center of it - incredible case transformation of a dog into a human. fantasy story based on the image of the experiment of the brilliant medical scientist Preobrazhensky. Having transplanted the spermatic glands and the pituitary gland of the brain of the thief and drunkard Klim Chugunkin into a dog, Preobrazhensky, to everyone's amazement, gets a man out of a dog.

Homeless Sharik turns into Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. However, he still has dog habits and bad habits Klim Chugunkin. The professor, along with Dr. Bormental, is trying to educate him, but all efforts are in vain. Therefore, the professor again returns the dog to its original state. The fantastic case ends idyllically: Preobrazhensky goes about his direct business, and the subdued dog lies on the carpet and indulges in sweet reflections.

Bulgakov expands Sharikov's biography to the level of social generalization. The writer gives a picture of modern reality, revealing its imperfect structure. This is not only the history of Sharikov's transformations, but, above all, the history of a society that develops according to absurd, irrational laws. If the fantastic plan of the story is completed in terms of plot, then the moral and philosophical one remains open: the Sharkovs continue to multiply, multiply and assert themselves in life, which means that the “monstrous history” of society continues. It is these people who know no pity, no sorrow, no sympathy. They are uncivilized and stupid. They have canine hearts from birth, although not all dogs have the same hearts.
Outwardly, the balls are no different from people, but they are always among us. Their inhuman nature is just waiting to be revealed. And then the judge, in the interests of his career and the fulfillment of the plan for solving crimes, condemns the innocent, the doctor turns away from the patient, the mother abandons her child, various officials, for whom bribes have already become the order of things, drop the mask and show their true essence. Everything that is most lofty and holy turns into its opposite, because in these people the non-human has awakened. Coming to power, they try to dehumanize everyone around, because nonhumans are easier to control, they have all human feelings replaced by the instinct of self-preservation.
In our country, after the revolution, all conditions were created for the emergence huge amount ball bearings dog hearts. The totalitarian system is very conducive to this. Probably, due to the fact that these monsters have penetrated into all areas of life, Russia is still experiencing Hard times

The story of Boris Vasiliev "Do not shoot the white swans"

Boris Vasilyev tells us about the lack of spirituality, indifference and cruelty of people in the story “Do not shoot at white swans”. Tourists burned a huge anthill so as not to experience inconvenience from it, "watched how the gigantic structure was melting before our eyes, the patient work of millions of tiny creatures." They looked with admiration at the fireworks and exclaimed: “Victory salute! Man is king nature."

Winter evening. Highway. Comfortable car. It is warm, cozy, music sounds, occasionally interrupted by the voice of the announcer. Two happy intelligent couples are going to the theater - a meeting with the beautiful is ahead. Do not frighten away this wonderful moment of life! And suddenly the headlights snatch out in the dark, right on the road, the figure of a woman "with a child wrapped in a blanket." "Abnormal!" the driver screams. And everything is dark! There is no former feeling of happiness from the fact that a loved one is sitting next to you, that very soon you will find yourself in an easy chair of the stalls and you will be spellbound to watch the performance.

It would seem a banal situation: they refused to give a ride to a woman with a child. Where? What for? And there is no space in the car. However, the evening is hopelessly ruined. The situation of "déjà vu", as if it had already happened, - a thought flashes through the heroine of the story A. Mass. Of course, it was - and more than once. Indifference to someone else's misfortune, detachment, isolation from everyone and everything - phenomena are not so rare in our society. It is this problem that the writer Anna Mass raises in one of her stories in the Vakhtangov Children cycle. In this situation, she is an eyewitness to what happened on the road. After all, that woman needed help, otherwise she would not have thrown herself under the wheels of a car. Most likely, she has a sick child, he had to be taken to the nearest hospital. But self-interest was higher than the manifestation of mercy. And how disgusting to feel your powerlessness in similar situation, it remains only to imagine yourself in the place of this woman, when "self-satisfied people in comfortable cars rush past." Pangs of conscience, I think, will torment the soul of the heroine of this story for a long time: "I was silent and hated myself for this silence."

"Satisfied people", accustomed to comfort, people with small property interests - the same Chekhov's heroes, "people in cases". This is Dr. Startsev in Ionych, and teacher Belikov in The Man in a Case. Let us recall how Dmitry Ionych Startsev rides "a troika with bells, plump, red", and his coachman Panteleimon, "also plump and red," shouts: "Prrrava hold!" "Prrrava hold" - this is, after all, detachment from human troubles and problems. On their prosperous path of life there should be no obstacles. And in Belikovsky's "No matter what happened," we still hear the sharp exclamation of Lyudmila Mikhailovna, the character of the same story by A. Mass: "What if this child is contagious? We also, by the way, have children!" The spiritual impoverishment of these heroes is obvious. And they are not intellectuals at all, but simply - petty bourgeois, townsfolk who imagine themselves to be "masters of life."

• Heartlessness manifests itself even in relation to very close people.
• Greed often leads to callousness and dishonorable acts
• The spiritual callousness of a person complicates his life in society.
• The reasons for a heartless attitude towards others lie in education.
• The problem of heartlessness, spiritual callousness can be characteristic not only individual person but also to society as a whole
• heavy life circumstances can make a person heartless
• Often spiritual callousness is manifested in relation to moral, worthy people.
• A man admits that he was heartless when nothing can be fixed
• Mental callousness does not make a person truly happy.
• The consequences of a callous attitude towards people are often irreversible.

Arguments

A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". The conflict between Andrei Dubrovsky and Kirill Petrovich Troekurov ended tragically due to callousness and heartlessness on the part of the latter. The words spoken by Dubrovsky, although they were offensive to Troekurov, were definitely not worth the abuse, dishonest trial and death of the hero. Kirilla Petrovich did not spare his friend, although in the past they had a lot of good things in common. The landlord was driven by heartlessness, a desire for revenge, which led to the death of Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. The consequences of what happened were terrible: officials were burned, people were left without their real master, Vladimir Dubrovsky became a robber. The manifestation of spiritual callousness of just one person made the lives of many people miserable.

A.S. Pushkin "The Queen of Spades". Act heartlessly Hermann, the main character of the work, makes the desire to get rich. To achieve his goal, he presents himself as a fan of Lizaveta, although in fact he does not have feelings for her. He gives the girl false hopes. Penetrating into the countess's house with the help of Lizaveta, Hermann asks the old woman to tell him the secret of the three cards, and after her refusal he takes out an unloaded pistol. Graphia, very frightened, dies. The late old woman comes to him a few days later and reveals the secret on the condition that Hermann does not bet more than one card per day, in the future he will not play at all and marries Lizaveta. But the hero does not expect a happy future: his heartless deeds serve as a pretext for retribution. After two wins, Hermann loses, which drives him crazy.

M. Gorky "At the bottom". Vasilisa Kostyleva does not feel any feelings for her husband, except for hatred and complete indifference. Wanting to inherit at least a small fortune, she very easily decides to persuade the thief Vaska Pepel to kill her husband. It's hard to imagine how heartless a person would have to be to come up with such a plan. The fact that Vasilisa was not married out of love does not in the least justify her act. A person must remain a person in any situation.

I.A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco". The theme of the death of human civilization is one of the main this work. The manifestation of the spiritual degradation of people lies, among other things, in their spiritual callousness, heartlessness, indifference towards each other. Sudden death The gentleman from San Francisco is not sympathetic, but disgusted. During his life, he is loved because of the money, and after death, he is heartlessly removed to the worst room so as not to spoil the reputation of the institution. A person who died in a foreign country cannot even be made a normal coffin. People have lost true spiritual values, which were replaced by a thirst for material gain.

K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". A life full of deeds and events captivates Nastya so much that she forgets about the only person truly close to her - old mother Katerina Petrovna. The girl, receiving letters from her, is also glad that her mother is alive, but she doesn’t think about more. Even a telegram from Tikhon about the poor condition of Katerina Petrovna Nastya does not read and perceive immediately: at first she does not understand at all who in question. Later, the girl realizes how heartless her attitude towards native person. Nastya goes to Katerina Petrovna, but does not find her alive. She feels guilty before her mother, who loved her so much.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryona Dvor". Matryona is a person you rarely meet. Without thinking about herself, she never refused to help strangers, she treated everyone with kindness and sympathy. People did not answer her the same. After the tragic death of Matryona, Thaddeus thought only about how to win back part of the hut. Almost all relatives came to cry over the coffin of a woman only for duty. They did not remember Matryona during her lifetime, but after her death they began to claim the inheritance. This situation shows how callous and indifferent human souls have become.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The heartlessness of Rodion Raskolnikov expressed his desire to test his terrible theory. Having killed the old pawnbroker, he tried to find out to whom he refers: to “trembling creatures” or “having the right”. The hero failed to maintain composure, to accept what he had done as correct, which means that absolute spiritual callousness is not characteristic of him. The spiritual resurrection of Rodion Raskolnikov confirms that a person has a chance for correction.

Y. Yakovlev “He killed my dog”. The boy, showing compassion and mercy, brings a homeless dog to his apartment. His father does not like this: the man demands to drive the animal back into the street. The hero cannot do this, because "she was already kicked out." The father, acting absolutely indifferent and indifferent, calls the dog to him and shoots him in the ear. The child cannot understand why an innocent animal was killed. Together with the dog, the father kills the child's faith in the justice of this world.

ON THE. Nekrasov "Reflections at the front door". The poem depicts the harsh reality of that time. The life of ordinary peasants and officials who spend their lives only in pleasures are contrasted. High-ranking people are heartless because they are indifferent to problems ordinary people. And for common man solution by an official of even the most insignificant issue can be a salvation.

V. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow". Lena Bessoltseva voluntarily took responsibility for a very bad deed, to which she had nothing to do. Because of this, she was forced to endure humiliation and bullying from her classmates. One of the most difficult was the test of loneliness for the girl, because it is difficult to be an outcast at any age, and even more so in childhood. The boy who had actually committed this act did not muster up the courage to confess. The two classmates who learned the truth also decided not to interfere in the situation. The indifference and heartlessness of others made a person suffer.

Indifference and indifference are the most terrible vices of today's life. AT recent times we are faced with this so often that for us such behavior of people, unfortunately, is becoming the norm. Almost every day you can see the indifference of people. Have you ever wondered where it comes from?

Reasons for indifference

Often, indifference is a way to protect a person, an attempt to hide from a cruel reality. For example, if a person was often humiliated or hurt offensive phrases, he will try to avoid and will not make contact with others. That is why a person will unconsciously try to show an indifferent look so that he is not touched.

But over time, the following trend may develop: a person will have a problem of human indifference, because indifference will become his internal state not only in relation to themselves, but also to those around them.

It is not hatred that kills us, but human indifference.

Why does indifference kill?

Indifference kills all living things in a person, this is the callousness of the heart and the lack of sincerity. At the same time, a person is not responsible for such behavior, and this is perhaps the worst thing.

Indifference is dangerous because it can gradually develop into mental illness. The reasons for indifferent behavior can be long-term use of psychotropic drugs, mental illness, drug and alcohol use. Also, a feeling of indifference may occur after severe stress or shock - for example, loss loved one. In adolescents, cruelty and indifference can develop due to lack of attention from parents, from lack of love, due to violence from the family.

In psychology, the term is used - obsessive human behavior. Such people cannot understand their emotions, and they are indifferent to the feelings and experiences of other people. They do not know what pity and compassion are. Alexithymia can be both a congenital diagnosis and a consequence psychological trauma. Scientists say that indifference is not treated.

There are many examples of indifference. From a conversation with a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Kuklin Innokenty Ivanovich: “I once walked through the center of Irkutsk. Suddenly, I suddenly felt bad, and I fell right in the middle of the street .. For a long time everyone bypassed me, throwing the phrase “here is the grandfather, he got drunk in the middle of the day ..”. But I fought for these people. Terrible time."

One can talk endlessly about indifference, and it especially hurts us when the questions concern our loved ones. Then the pain becomes incredibly sharp.

Indifference leads to the destruction of the personality, interferes with the harmonious existence of a person. That is why it is so important to properly educate your children, your younger brothers and sisters. It is necessary from childhood to teach kids responsiveness and kindness so that they can empathize and support others.

It is always important to remember that sometimes the life of another person can depend on your behavior, and it does not matter who you are - a doctor, a driver or just a person passing by.

“Science has invented a cure for most of our diseases, but has not found a terrible one of them - indifference.”
H. Kaller

On the present stage development of society, there are a large number of problems in it, and the worst thing is not that there is no solution to these problems, but that no one wants to solve them, or rather, no one wants to do it. And one of the main problems facing modern society it is the indifference that awaits us wherever we go.

We often hear such words as: “I don’t care”, “it’s my own fault”, “I’m not interested in this” - all this speaks of a person’s indifference. We are increasingly thinking about the fact that people have begun to react aggressively to other people, to peace and kindness is already beginning to fade into the background. An indifferent person is primarily indifferent to himself. He rarely admits that he is indifferent to everything, but his attitude towards others will be manifested in indifference. When indifference settles in a person's heart, he eventually turns into a callous and soulless person.

Then when the heart becomes indifferent, then a person loses the ability to feel, contact is broken not only with the soul, but with conscience. Bright moments of life are not available to them, they do not know how to empathize and rejoice in the success of another. A person must know that he is not alone, that he is loved, and if this does not happen, then later, he withdraws into himself and every day there is internal and external death. Therefore, such a person will no longer be able to love, and therefore, no one will be able to love her. On the one hand, I feel sorry for an indifferent person who will never be able to comprehend the fullness of life and adjust life to his own parameters.

It's a pity because indifference progresses and subsequently turns into serious illnesses soul, which causes complete indifference to public life. We think less and less about our actions, words, we try to stay away from everything that surrounds us, and meanwhile, cruelty and indifference, as social phenomena existed since ancient times, but becomes one of the global problems 21st century. The world has come to the point where no one wants to take responsibility for someone else's life. last years, such behavior is already normal in the world.

No one wants to help a woman with a child who carries heavy bags or a person on the street becomes ill and falls, and no one will stop, and all because indifference has settled in our souls, indifference that hides an attempt to move away from the real, cruel world. Walking with good intentions, you can feel the indifference that is hidden behind the "mask" of politeness.

Our life is what we think about, therefore, if we constantly think only about the bad, do not be confident in ourselves or in our abilities, do not rejoice in the success of others, do not achieve our goal, we will become indifferent to ourselves and to that that surrounds us. I think that indifference, passivity, aggression can arise in the very microcosm of a person who has been disappointed in society. That is, it will act as a certain defensive reaction to the surrounding things, words and actions of others. Children are not born with a feeling of indifference; it is upbringing in the family that influences the development of indifference.

Indifference can lead to the destruction of the personality as a whole, it interferes with its harmonious existence in modern conditions. Even in childhood, a child looks at his parents, remembers their behavior, words and deeds, and follows this example all his life. From childhood, many begin to be taught to rely only on themselves, to believe only in themselves. That is, we can say that this problem is no longer new, but it stretches from previous generations. Another reason is selfishness, which surrounds us at every step. Now selfishness is the primary source of indifference.

self-confidence, selfishness, increased self-esteem is the first step towards aggression and cruelty, as a result, it first provokes indifference, callousness towards other people, then it passes to acquaintances, friends and loved ones, and one’s “I” becomes above all. One of important points indifference can be fear. Fear of everything new, fear of tomorrow or fear of being fired from your job. Constant distrust of the world, of people, a large number of problems, they can also cause indifference.

Closely indifference associated with responsibility, or rather, irresponsibility. Not infrequently, when opening books, one gets the impression that this problem was in a more difficult time for the world, in which everyone was an enemy for everyone, but it was not on such a massive level. Nowadays when the fast goes technical progress we can't even imagine who is next to us. This progress gives us the opportunity to do whatever we want without leaving the house. It is possible that indifference arose as a reaction to wars, poverty, revolutions - this is the fatigue of the people, this certain system, which arose and progresses along with technological progress.

For many in our society, indifference is a certain position of life, according to which one does not need to worry and be completely fenced off from negative emotions. A prime example this can serve as the attitude of the authorities, politicians to the people. As power treats people, so people will treat it. Every time new people come to power we see the same methods of government and thus the majority gets used and tired. The attitude of the politicians themselves instills in the souls of the population only indignation, fear, despair, because the people are the last link that the state thinks about. As a result, the people lose faith, they become indifferent, and not only to the authorities, but also to each other.

Summarizing the above, we can say that indifference is a feeling which covers all more people in the world and begins to progress in all its links. Indifference inherent in every person, but manifested in varying degrees according to her behavior. But, of course, everyone is responsible for the massive spread of this "disease" and this has only Negative influence, not only on other individuals, but also on society in general. And therefore, in order to prevent the problem from growing, each of us must not only realize it, but also try to work on it, starting from ourselves.

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