Biological rhythms (biorhythms)(from Greek βίος - bios, "life" and ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any repetitive movement, rhythm") - periodically recurring changes in the nature and intensity of biological processes and phenomena. They are characteristic of living matter at all levels of its organization - from molecular and subcellular to the biosphere. They are a fundamental process in nature. Some biological rhythms are relatively independent (for example, the frequency of contractions of the heart, breathing), others are associated with the adaptation of organisms to geophysical cycles - daily (for example, fluctuations in the intensity of cell division, metabolism, motor activity animals), tidal (for example, the opening and closing of shells in marine mollusks associated with the level sea ​​tides), annual (changes in the number and activity of animals, growth and development of plants, etc.)

The science that studies the role of the time factor in the implementation of biological phenomena and in the behavior of living systems, temporal organization biological systems, the nature, conditions for the occurrence and significance of biorhythms for organisms is called - biorhythmology. Biorhythmology is one of the directions that was formed in the 1960s. section of biology - chronobiology. At the intersection of biorhythmology and clinical medicine there is the so-called chronomedicine, which studies the relationship of biorhythms with the course of various diseases, develops schemes for the treatment and prevention of diseases taking into account biorhythms and explores other medical aspects of biorhythms and their disorders.

Biorhythms are divided into physiological and ecological. Physiological rhythms, as a rule, have periods from fractions of a second to several minutes. These are, for example, the rhythms of pressure, heartbeat and blood pressure. Ecological rhythms coincide in duration with any natural rhythm of the environment.

Biological rhythms are described at all levels, from the simplest biological reactions in the cell to complex ones. behavioral responses. Thus, a living organism is a collection of numerous rhythms with different characteristics. According to the latest scientific data, about 400 [ ] circadian rhythms.

adaptation of organisms to environment during evolutionary development went in the direction of both improving them structural organization, and coordination in time and space of the activities of various functional systems. Exceptional stability in the frequency of changes in illumination, temperature, humidity, geo magnetic field and other environmental parameters due to the movement of the Earth and the Moon around the Sun, allowed living systems in the process of evolution to develop stable and resistant to external influences time programs, the manifestation of which are biorhythms. These rhythms, sometimes referred to as environmental, or adaptive (for example, diurnal, tidal, lunar and annual) are fixed in the genetic structure. Under artificial conditions, when the body is deprived of information about external natural changes(for example, in continuous light or darkness, in a room with maintained at the same level of humidity, pressure, etc.) the periods of such rhythms deviate from the periods of the corresponding rhythms of the environment, thereby manifesting their own period.

History reference

People have known about the existence of biological rhythms since ancient times.

The theory of "three rhythms"

Academic researchers have rejected the "three biorhythm theory". Theoretical criticism set out, for example, in a popular science book by a recognized specialist in chronobiology Arthur Winfrey. Unfortunately, the authors of scientific (not popular science) works did not consider it necessary to specifically devote time to criticism, however, a number of publications (in Russian, for example, a collection edited by Jurgen Aschoff, a book by L. Glass and M. Mackie and other sources) allow to conclude that the "theory of three biorhythms" is devoid of scientific grounds. Much more convincing, however, is the experimental critique of the "theory". Numerous experimental tests in the 1970s and 80s completely refuted the "theory" as untenable. At present, the theory three rhythms» scientific community not recognized and regarded as pseudoscience.

Thanks to the widespread theory of three rhythms”, the words “biorhythm” and “chronobiology” are often associated with pseudoscience. In fact, chronobiology is a scientific evidence-based discipline that lies in the traditional academic mainstream of research, and confusion arises due to the misuse of the name scientific discipline in relation to pseudoscientific theory.

see also

Notes

1. βίος (indefinite) . A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus.
2. Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott. ῥυθμός (indefinite) . A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus.

Before moving on to biological time, let's make some clarifications. The more developed the system, the more important for it internal mechanisms development. And they rely on past experience and the growing role of foresight and design for the future.

That is why highly organized systems (as opposed to simple ones) have their own internal time and space along with the basic ones - relatively universal time and space.

Proper time characterizes the most important processes occurring in a biological organism.

biological time- it's own internal time biosystems, which characterizes, first of all, the most important processes of life support.

It has a pronounced cyclicity. Biocycles (as opposed to primitive cycles physical systems) are associated with information processes, as well as with the growth (or at least with the preservation) of negentropy. Physical cycles are much less conditioned by past interactions than by present ones. And for biocycles they play important role both those and others.

Peculiar temporal form and measure biological development are biological generations. Their change is an essential species-generic characteristic.

biological organisms genetically inherit biocycles that are vital for past generations. Imprinted in these biocycles key experience successful adaptation to the environment. Over time, they added new feature- leading reflection. Based on the processing of new immediate information, the body prepares in advance for the most probable (though not cyclical) event in the future.

So, both plants and animals have some biocycles associated with cycles in the surrounding nature. They are influenced by daily and seasonal cyclical changes, periodic changes in solar activity, etc.

The listed natural rhythms also affect a person. Its biotime is influenced by seasonal and daily cycles. The earth's magnetic field is also affected. It "pulsates" with a frequency of 8-16 oscillations / sec. This coincides with the a-rhythm of the biopotentials of the brain.

strong impact on many terrestrial processes solar Activity. It has an eleven-year cycle. On the second day after powerful flashes on the Sun it increases by almost 3 times (with other equal conditions) the number of car accidents and suicides.

However, man also has something that is not characteristic of his fellows in the animal kingdom. It depends on cyclical processes in the socio-cultural environment.

Moreover, sociocultural rhythms are capable of influencing the natural environment. Anthropogenic activity violates some natural biogeochemical processes and cycles in the biosphere.

Let's move on to the cycles, which are largely affected by internal causes for the body. For a child in the mother's womb, the most important biorhythm is the rhythm of his own and mother's heart. Therefore, the newborn enjoys musical and sound influences with a similar rhythm. A typical example of an internally conditioned biorhythm is the female menstrual period (approximately 28 days), an hour and a half frequency of nocturnal erections in both men and women.

Certain physiological rhythms characterize the functioning of the brain. A modern electroencephalogram cannot determine what a person is thinking. However, it well shows the degree of mental tension. The following rhythms are clearly distinguished:

1) d (delta) - rhythm - deep sleep (slowest impulses);

2) a (alpha) - rhythm - calm wakefulness with eyes closed, light drowsiness; when the eyes are opened, they disappear (it was said above that this rhythm is also affected by the "pulsation" of the Earth's magnetic field);

3) q (theta) - rhythm - the rhythm of concern;

4) b (beta) - rhythm - attention, intense activity, thinking (50-1000 impulses / sec).

The described rhythms of the brain correspond to fluctuations in electromagnetic fields, which are 100 million times weaker than the level of the Earth's magnetic field.

As observations show, "culminating flights" of thinking occur quite rarely, about 5 minutes a day. The spindle-shaped teeth on the curved lines that testify to them appear only with intense reflection, sharp discussions, and solving difficult problems.

According to popular beliefs, there are life rhythms that have common cause origin, but proceed at different levels: 23 days - physiological cycle, 28 - emotional, 33 - mental (intellectual). What are they due to? And from when to count?

The considered biorhythms begin their fluctuations with a powerful release of adrenaline into the bloodstream and the first breath of a newborn. It is as if mother nature, releasing a child into the orbit of life, forces at this crucial moment important modes of his life.

The described cycles manifest themselves throughout a person's life, causing ups and downs. relevant forms activity. When 3 biocyclic minimums or critical days coincide, some Japanese firms release employees from work that requires increased concentration. In one of our cities, a computer was used to calculate hard days for city transport drivers and left them to work in the garage - as a result, the accident rate has become noticeably less.

When the maxima of three biocycles coincide, a person seems to fly on wings. A woman in such a period "will stop a galloping horse, enter a burning hut." But it will be better if life allows her to be creative at this time, break world records or give birth ...

Chronobiology (biorhythmology) studies biological time in all its diverse forms. Civilization disrupts natural rhythms. This is especially felt by people who are forced to work at night (for example, metro builders, astronomers) or those who often change their location and, accordingly, time zones (pilots, astronauts, athletes).

It has long been noticed that if a person finds himself directly in natural environment, it returns to natural rhythms. Sometimes they are better to follow in intensely nervous urban life. Alternating strenuous work with rest, you can achieve much more than exhausting yourself with incessant work. It is no coincidence that couches for relaxation began to appear in some offices.

And yet let us remember that we have a great gift - willpower. A person can order himself by saying “Yes” when a tired body prompts “No”. Or vice versa, a person can say to himself: “No!”, Although the body asks: “Yes!” And as a result, achieve the goal.

How the biological clock of your body works, few people think about such questions, but knowing this, you can spend the time allotted to you more productively. From this article, you will learn when it is better to eat, when to sleep, and when to talk with other people so as not to experience loneliness. After all, it is most difficult to endure it between 8 and 10 o'clock at night.

Biological clock of the body

Lungs active from 3 to 5 am. Then from 5 to 7 am it's wake up time large intestine. If you wake up during these hours, it is best to drink a glass of water, you can also eat some dried fruits.

Then it starts to work stomach from 7 to 9 in the morning, at this time it is best to have breakfast, porridge or muesli is great. But do not limit your breakfast to this, you can add nuts and fruits. A little later, from 9 to 11 am, the stomach is resting, while pancreas is actively working. It is not worth overloading the stomach with a hearty breakfast at this time, it is best to have a snack with fruit or low-fat yogurt.

The usual lunch time is from 11:00 to 13:00. Active at this time a heart It means you shouldn't overeat. During these hours, it is better to limit yourself to one dish, preferably soup or salad. Actively open from 13:00 to 15:00 colon.

Kidneys and bladder They start their intensive work from 15:00 to 19:00. At this time, you need to drink a lot! For dinner, chicken, fish, shrimp are suitable, plus a side dish of stewed vegetables.

From 19 to 21 hours, the kidneys begin to rest, so at this time you need to drink less and try not to eat. And here circulation this time is intense! Exactly this good time for an evening walk.

From 21:00 to 23:00, you can do whatever you like, and do it.

From 23 to 01 am starts its work gallbladder. No fatty foods! You can eat fruit. Open from 1 am to 3 am liver.

In rational nutrition, regular meals are important at the same time of day, the fragmentation of food intake, its distribution between breakfast, lunch, dinner, second breakfast, afternoon tea.

With 3 meals a day, the first two meals make up 2/3 of the daily energy value ("calorie") of food and dinner - '/z. Often the daily diet for energy value is distributed as follows: breakfast - 25-30%, lunch - 45-50%, dinner - 20-25%. The time between breakfast and lunch, lunch and dinner should be 5-6 hours, between dinner and going to bed - 3-4 hours.

These periods provide for the height of activity of digestive functions, digestion and absorption of the main amount of food taken. More rationally 5 - 6 meals a day.

With 5 meals a day, the first breakfast should account for about 25% of the calories of the daily diet, for the second breakfast - 5-10% (light snack - fruits, tea), for lunch - about 35%, for afternoon tea - 25%, for dinner - ten %. With a 4-time meal, the first breakfast should account for 20-25%, for the second breakfast - 10-15%, for lunch - 35-45%, for dinner - 20-25% of the calories of the daily diet. Exchange

The actual distribution of the daily ration has significant differences due to climatic conditions, work, traditions, habits and a number of other factors.

biological clock of the body

If you learn to adjust to the schedule of your body's biological clock, you can regulate not only your behavior, but also your mood.

Numerous studies have proven that we all live according to certain biological clocks. And although different people these clocks may be a little fast or slow, however, the average values ​​will prove to be true for most people on the planet. So, which of our organs rest at what time of the day or vice versa, become hyperactive?

Hour of blindness- visual acuity in a person decreases most of all at 2 am, which is especially important for motorists to know.

Hour of birth and death Most babies are born between 0000 and 4000 at night. In the early hours of the morning (around 4), heart attacks and strokes most often occur in people suffering from cardiovascular diseases.

Sluggish hour- The lowest blood pressure is observed between 4 and 5 o'clock in the morning.

Hour of love- the greatest secretion of sex hormones is observed from 8 to 9 o'clock in the morning.

Pain relief hour- from 9 to 10 am a person has the lowest pain sensitivity.

Creativity Hour- the hemisphere of the brain responsible for creative and abstract images works most actively from 10 to 12 noon.

Physical Education Hour- our muscles demonstrate the greatest return from 12 to 13:30.

The hour of digestion- most of all gastric juice is formed from 12:30 to 13:30.

Mastery Hour- from 15 to 16 hours the fingers work best, which is important for those whose activities are associated with fine motor skills and tactile sensations.

Growth Hour- Hair and nails grow fastest between 4:30 pm and 5:30 pm.

Running hour- the lungs breathe most intensively between 16:30 and 18 hours.

The Hour of the Senses - taste sensations, hearing and sense of smell are sharpened between 17 and 19 hours.

alcohol hour The liver breaks down alcohol most efficiently between 6 and 8 pm.

beauty hour- the skin is most permeable to cosmetics between 18 and 20 hours.

Communication hour- Loneliness is most difficult to bear between 20 and 22 hours.

Hour of Immunity- the most effective immune system protects the body from various infections from 21:30 to 22:30.

Usually our everyday life painted literally by the minute. Man is a living biological being whose own body maintains its own individual daily routine, in no way connected with our plans. And we rarely think about the fact that our body also lives according to a clear schedule - the human biological clock. This clock is very accurate and unchangeable.

The biological clock in the human body, they flow rhythmically and the cells constantly adjust to each other, thereby synchronizing their work and therefore their pulsation is the same. Such a phenomenon is comparable to the swinging of a clock pendulum, but these processes proceed quite quickly, but biological processes that occur in the human body are equal to days. Such processes are called circadian or circadian fluctuations. In humans, many functions, and not just sleep, are subject to the daily rhythm, this is an increase and decrease in blood pressure, fluctuations in body temperature, i.e. at night it is reduced by one degree, sweating of the palms and other changes.

The formation of biological rhythms occurs gradually. In newborns, they are still unstable, when the period of sleep, wakefulness, nutrition alternate asymptomatically, but gradually the brain begins to obey the change of day and night, and at the same time all hormonal and other organs begin to obey such rhythms, such systems in the body are called endogenous clocks. Such programmed cyclical changes in the body begin to suggest the time of day, year, and thus prepare the human body for upcoming changes, which may be accompanied by an increase in body temperature or the release of hormones that prepare the body for wakefulness, and at the same time, the gastrointestinal tract and other organs begin to activate. especially the hypothalamus.

Hypothalamus, is an internal endocrine organ, which is located in the brain, and this gland regulates the rhythm of all organs and is responsible for maintaining constancy internal environment and it communicates with other bodies that carry out all necessary functions in given period time. The internal biological clock does not fade even when the habitual environment changes. For example, in a specially isolated from light, sounds and other external phenomena, human body obeys the biological clock, and even in those conditions, sleep and awakening will occur rhythmically.

Such hours are also preserved when flying over long distances, through a large number of time zones, and in this case, a person has a failure of this biological clock, which leads to a change in the functioning of the body. At the same time, he feels the weakness and fatigue of the whole organism, he wants to sleep, although it will be daytime, dry mouth appears, headaches, dizziness, and these phenomena disappear when the person’s biological clock does not adjust to the desired rhythm.

One hour

At this time, the performance of the body is minimal. The body is in deep sleep. There is an active release of the sleep hormone melatonin. The liver is actively involved in the process of metabolism that enters the body during dinner, so after midnight the body tolerates alcohol much worse. If you wake a sleeping person around 1 a.m., it will be difficult for him to leave the bed, as his blood pressure and body temperature are lowered.

It takes six years to sleep human life. Without sleep, a person will not live even two weeks. From 1.30 to 3.30 the meridian of the small intestine is active.

Two hours

Drivers behind the wheel respond slowly to optical stimuli. The number of accidents is rising sharply. Most people begin to feel feverish, during these hours the body is extremely sensitive to cold. The liver decomposes alcohol drunk the day before.

Three hours, three o'clock

People who are prone to depression often wake up at this time, their mood deteriorates sharply - gloomy thoughts oppress them. At this hour, the suicide curve rises sharply. Spiritual mood reaches its lowest point. This is a consequence of the effects of melatonin, which makes the body sluggish and relaxed. Daylight inhibits the production of melatonin, so during the day a person is active and is mostly in a good mood. From 3.30 to 5.30 the bladder meridian is active.

Four o'clock

The body receives a dose of the stress hormone cortisone, as if it had drained its batteries during sleep, and this dose is necessary for the body to be operational after waking up. However, this "injection" of activity is fraught with consequences: in the early morning hours, the risk of a heart attack is great. Patients with asthma also have a hard time enduring it - at this time the bronchi are extremely narrowed. Time of maximum liver activity. Insulin-dependent diabetics should know that at this time, as well as at 16.00, the body the best way responds to insulin. Given this, you can spend it more economically.

Five hours

The male body produces maximum amount the sex hormone testosterone. The production of the hormone cortisone by the adrenal glands also reaches a maximum. The concentration of cortisone in the body is six times higher than during the day, so doctors familiar with chronobiology advise taking the main dose of drugs in the early hours, and, taking into account the natural release of hormones, question the standard "three times a day." From 5.30 to 7.30 the meridian of the kidneys is active.

Six o'clock

Cortisone acts as an internal alarm clock. It's time to wake up from sleep: activated general exchange substances, the level of sugar and amino acids in the blood rises, all other substances necessary for the construction of new tissue cells, the energy necessary for the body during the day is prepared. At this time, drugs that lower blood pressure, as well as beta-blockers, are especially effective. But the body tolerates food poisons and nicotine much worse than at other times of the day. early hours unfavorable for smokers: a cigarette on an empty stomach narrows the blood vessels much more than a cigarette smoked in the evening. Drinking in the morning doubles the level of alcohol in the blood compared to the result of an evening feast.

Seven o'clock

After waking up and having a morning exercise, breakfast follows. Popular wisdom - "eat breakfast yourself, share lunch with a friend, and give dinner to the enemy" - is absolutely true. Cause in internal clock digestive organs: before lunch, they convert carbohydrates into energy, and in the evening - into fats. The activity of the colon is activated. It is at this time that bowel movement should occur, resulting in an increase in the efficiency and endurance of the body. From 7.30 to 9.30 the pericardial meridian is active.

Eight hours

The glands produce a large number of hormones. The body continues to prepare for labor day. The sensation of pain is sharply aggravated - attacks in chronically ill patients, for example, with rheumatism, intensify.

Nine o'clock

The arrows of the biological clock point to the stomach. If injections are prescribed for you, it is better to do them in the morning - this will save you from fever and swelling. Vaccinations given at this time cause fewer complications than those given during the day. Radiation therapy carried out at this time is also tolerated by cancer patients much easier. At this time, the person is most resistant to X-rays. From 9.30 to 11.30 the meridian of the triple heater is active.

Ten o'clock

Body temperature and performance reach their peak. Functions especially well short term memory, whereas for long-term memory, the afternoon hours are optimal. A text read at about nine in the morning is remembered faster than one read at 3 pm, but it is also quickly erased from memory - about a week later, which cannot be said about a text read in the afternoon. The lesson learned at 10 am must be repeated in the afternoon. And Chinese scientists also point out that at this time our right limbs are charged with a large amount of energy. This is probably why morning handshakes are so energetic. Calculating abilities, which reached their peak during this period, will gradually decrease.

Eleven o'clock

Before lunch, exceptional performance is manifested, especially in calculations. Mathematics is much easier for schoolchildren between 9 and 12 in the morning, then between 16.30 and 18 hours. The heart is also in such excellent shape that if it is examined at this time, some heart diseases may go unnoticed. At the same time, it becomes much more sensitive and stressful situations beats more often than in the evening. Nevertheless, this is the most suitable time for gymnastics. From 11.30 to 13.30 the gallbladder meridian is active.

Twelve o'clock.

Increased acid production in the stomach. The feeling of hunger is difficult to suppress. Brain activity decreases as the body sends blood to the digestive organs. After the morning activity, there is a need for rest. According to statistics, those who can afford an afternoon nap have a heart attack 30% less likely than those who continue to work. The need for short sleep is caused by a weakening of the blood supply to the brain. At that time most of The stomach needs blood to digest food.

Thirteen hours

The activity of the gallbladder is activated. During this period, choleretic agents work especially well, colic in the gallbladder is extremely rare. Efficiency compared to the average per day is reduced by 20%. From 13.30 to 15.30 the liver meridian is active.

Fourteen hours

Energy is concentrated in the small intestine. Blood pressure and hormone levels drop. At this time, fatigue is most noticeable, but ten minutes of rest is enough to overcome it. It is better to take a nap than to cheer up your body with tea or coffee. The best time for students to complete homework. Long-term memory works best, so it's a good idea to review everything learned in the morning. With painful medical procedures, local anesthesia lasts longer and is easier to tolerate at this particular hour. At 2 pm, our teeth and skin are almost insensible to pain, and anesthetics work three times better than in the morning.

fifteen o'clock

The second peak of performance begins. A healthy desire to work, regardless of whether there was a pause for rest or not. From 15.30 to 17.30 the lung meridian is active.

Sixteen hours.

The blood pressure rises and intensifies. Athletes at this time show the best results. The return on training is great, while in the morning they are less effective. It is no coincidence that the finals in athletics are held at this time in order to achieve best results. Very effective drugs that affect acidity.

seventeen o'clock

Perceptible inflow vitality. The kidneys and bladder are active. Between 4 and 6 pm, hair and nails grow faster than at other times. From 17.30 to 19.30 the large intestine meridian is active.

eighteen o'clock

The pancreas is active. The liver is more tolerant of alcohol. Respiratory organs work intensively.

Nineteen hours.

The pulse slows down a lot, at this time it is dangerous to take drugs that lower blood pressure. Effective drugs recommended for disorders of the central nervous system and peptic ulcers of the digestive system. Kidney activity reaches its peak. From 19.30 to 21.30 the meridian of the stomach is active.

twenty hours

twenty one hours

The body is preparing for the night's rest. It is harmful to fill the stomach with food - it will remain almost undigested until the morning, and that part of it that will be processed will be converted into body fat. From 21.30 to 23.30 the meridian of the spleen - pancreas is active.

twenty two hours

The performance drops sharply. The number of leukocytes in the blood increases - more than 12,000 white blood cells per millimeter, while in the morning there are about 5,000 per millimeter. Medicines should not be used with side effect Since the danger of intoxication is great, at night it is especially difficult for the body to decompose poisons and fight poisoning.

twenty three hours

Metabolism is reduced to a minimum, along with it, blood pressure, pulse rate and body temperature decrease, the ability to concentrate and work decreases. Cortisone production stops. Management of the body's activities passes to the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. From 23.30 to 1.30 the meridian of the heart is active.

Twenty four hours

There is an intensive restoration of the skin - cell division at night is much more intense than during the day. In conditions vigorous activity parasympathetic part of the nervous system more often there are hepatic and biliary colic. As a result of a decrease in blood pressure and pulse rate against the background of local blood circulation disorders, strokes can occur. In women, hormones that regulate labor pains are especially intense. For this reason, twice as many children are born at night as during the day.

Table of optimal food intake

Milk products

Spices

Asafoetida	(11:00-14:00)
star anise	(5:00-17:00)
Vanilla	(5:00-17:00)
Carnation	(11:00-18:00)
mustard yellow	(11:00-14:00)
black mustard	(11:00-14:00)
Ginger	(10:00-17:00)
Kaliji	(11:00-18:00)
cardamom green	(7:00-21:00)
Coriander	(11:00-16:00)
Cinnamon	(6:00-17:00)
Cumin	(10:00-16:00)
Turmeric	(10:00-17:00)
Bay leaf	(10:00-15:00)
Poppy Black	(10:00-15:00)
Mango (powder)	(10:00-17:00)
Nutmeg	(11:00-16:00)
Allspice	(11:00-19:00)
Pepper red medium	(11:00-14:00)
paprika pepper	(11:00-14:00)
Black pepper	(11:00-15:00)
Chilli	(11:00-16:00)
Caraway	(7:00-18:00)
Fennel	(5:00-21:00)
Shambhala (fruits)	(10:00-14:00)

Fruits, dried fruits, berries and honey

Apricot	(7:00-16:00)
A pineapple	(9:00-15:00)
Orange	(10:00-15:00)
Watermelon	(11:00-17:00)
Banana	(7:00-20:00)
Hawthorn	(10:00-21:00)
Grape	(7:00-18:00)
Cherry	(8:00-16:00)
Garnet	(10:00-18:00)
Grapefruit	(11:00-15:00)
Pear	(8:00-19:00)
Melon	(9:00-16:00)
strawberries	(8:00-18:00)
Raisin	(6:00-21:00)
viburnum	(10:00-18:00)
Strawberry	(10:00-16:00)
Gooseberry	(6:00-18:00)
Dried apricots	(7:00-16:00)
Lemon	(11:00-16:00)
Raspberry	(8:00-19:00)
Mandarin	(9:00-16:00)
Honey	(6:00-18:00)
Sea ​​buckthorn	(8:00-18:00)
Peach	(7:00-15:00)
Plum	(7:00-16:00)
Red currants	(11:00-16:00)
Black currant	(7:00-20:00)
Date fruit	(6:00-19:00)
Persimmon	(7:00-19:00)
Prunes	(6:00-17:00)
Rose hip	(8:00-18:00)
Apples	(7:00-19:00)

Vegetable oils and herbs

Nuts and seeds

Vegetables, melons and greens

cereals

In contact with

Astrology is the knowledge of Time. Whatever differences exist between us, we all live in time: we are conceived, we are born, we live and die. In order to understand life, it is necessary to understand time.

The biological time of each of us

What is astrology? Space is three-dimensional, and time is movement through these dimensions. We believe that time is absolute; that wherever time is measured, it is always the same, since one discrete moment replaces another with the same speed.

The only way to measure time is to use a clock, which, being placed in any place in space, must coincide in readings with each other.

Accuracy mechanical watch only emphasizes the idea that the minute, second, hour, day, month, or year are the same for everyone. But in fact, these statements are not true.

Biological time is the relationship between metabolism and perception. Metabolism is the rate at which our body digests food and oxygen - the rate of our life - and can be judged by weight, breathing rate, food absorption and age; when it changes, our perception of time also changes.

When our metabolism speeds up, so does the speed with which our eyes and brain process incoming images - this causes an overestimation of the length of time and a feeling that time is passing slowly.

If the normal rate of perception is six images per second, then when we are in an elevated state, we perceive nine images per second; It seems to us that each second on the clock lasts 1.5 seconds.

When our metabolism slows down, our eyes and brain perceive fewer images for the same time, which entails a tendency to underestimate the duration and the feeling that time flies by quickly. If we usually perceive six images per second, then in a balanced state - three images per second, and it seems to us that each second flies by in half a second. When metabolism slows down, the sense of time speeds up!

Biological time and age

Youth has a fast metabolism, while old age has a slow one. Time passes slowly for a young person and much faster for an older person, as our sense of time changes with age.

At the moment of conception, the metabolism of our fertilized egg occurs at a high molecular rate, and dramatic state changes occur every second. After conception, the metabolism gradually slows down until the moment of death. Death from old age occurs when the processes in our body slow down so much that they stop.

The rate of our metabolism as a whole changes throughout life, and is also constantly distorted by short-term changes in both metabolism itself and perception. Stimulation and calming lead to local changes in metabolism and our sense of time.

How does biological time change?

• Excitation,
• appeasement,
• mood change,
• eating and digesting food
• drugs,
• sex,
• external and internal stimulation

All this instantly changes the metabolism. A cigarette smoked, a cup of coffee drunk, or one flight up the stairs all temporarily increase the metabolic rate; we feel younger.

alcoholic drink, a tranquilizer or rest slows down our metabolism, bringing into our world the slowness of old age. Temporal distortions constantly simulate average speed metabolism. As we age, the body loses its ability to take in and convert oxygen, and we have a harder time recovering from minor injuries. A wound in a child heals much faster than a similar wound in an adult.

Another factor that changes the perspective of time perception is Memory. Every day we compare our perceptions with the memory of all previous days; our entire past exists in every lasting moment of the present. experiences today flow into the lake of our memories, and over the years this reservoir is increasing.

The value of each present day is proportional full number days we have already lived.

• For example, the first day of our life is one to one, or 100 percent of our life; the experiences of that day are extraordinarily alive and extremely important.
• The second day is compared with the memory of the first, thus making 1/2.
• The third day is 1/3, then 1/4, 1/5 and so on. In a year, every day is 1/365 of our life. After ten years, a day is only 1/3650 of the whole.

By the age of thirty, each of our days is only 1/10,000 of our life! As we grow older, each successive day takes up a proportionally smaller and smaller part of our life as a whole. Mathematically, this densification of life in time can be described as a logarithmic progression.

As we grow older, time shrinks, condenses and flies faster. One hour in old age is not at all the same as one hour in childhood. It is easy to remember how in childhood one hour lasted forever, while now weeks, months and years fly by - and not blink an eye.

biological time

Before moving on to biological time, let's make some clarifications. The more developed the system, the more important for it domestic development mechanisms. And they rely on past experience and on the growing role of foresight and design of the future.

That is why highly organized systems (as opposed to simple ones) have, along with basic- relatively universal time and space - exist own internal time and space.

own time characterizes the most important processes occurring in a biological organism.

biological time - this is the own internal time of the biosystem, which characterizes, first of all, the most important processes of life support.

It has a pronounced cyclicity. Biocycles (unlike the primitive cycles of physical systems) are associated with information processes, as well as with the growth (or at least with the preservation) of non-gentropy. Physical cycles are much less driven by past interactions than by present ones. And for biocycles, both of them play an important role.

Biological generations are a peculiar temporal form and measure of biological development. Their change is an essential species-generic characteristic.

Biological organisms genetically inherit biocycles that are vital for past generations. These biocycles capture the most important experience of successful adaptation to the environment. Over time, a new characteristic was added to them - forward reflection. Based on the processing of new direct information, the body prepares in advance for the most probable (though not cyclical) event in the future.

So, both plants and animals have some biocycles associated with cycles in nature. They are influenced by daily and seasonal cyclical changes, periodic changes in solar activity, etc.

These natural rhythms also affect a person. Its biotime is influenced by seasonal and daily cycles. The earth's magnetic field is also affected. It "pulsates" with a frequency of 8-16 oscillations / sec. This coincides with the a-rhythm of the biopotentials of the brain.

Solar activity has a strong influence on many terrestrial processes. It has an eleven year cycle. On the second day after powerful solar flares, the number of car accidents and suicides increases almost 3 times (ceteris paribus). Lebedev. N and Zh, 1968 No. 3

However, man also has something that is not characteristic of his fellows in the animal kingdom. It depends on cyclical processes in the socio-cultural environment.

Furthermore, sociocultural rhythms capable of influencing the environment. Anthropogenic activity disrupts some natural biogeochemical processes and cycles in the biosphere.

Let's move on to cycles that are heavily affected by domestic cause for the body. For a child in the mother's womb, the most important biorhythm is the rhythm of his own and mother's heart. Therefore, the newborn enjoys musical and sound influences with a similar rhythm. A typical example of an internally conditioned biorhythm is the female menstrual period (approximately 28 days), an hour and a half frequency of nighttime erections in both men and women.

Certain physiological rhythms characterize the functioning of the brain. A modern electroencephalogram cannot determine what a person is thinking. However, it well shows the degree of mental stress. The following rhythms are clearly distinguished:

1) d (delta) - rhythm - deep sleep (slowest impulses);

2) a (alpha) - rhythm - calm wakefulness with eyes closed, light drowsiness; when the eyes are opened, they disappear (it was said above that this rhythm is also affected by the "pulsation" of the Earth's magnetic field);

3) q (theta) - rhythm - the rhythm of concern;

4) b (beta) - rhythm - attention, intense activity, thinking (50-1000 impulses / sec).

The described rhythms of the brain correspond to fluctuations in electromagnetic fields, which are 100 million times weaker than the level of the Earth's magnetic field.

As observations show, "culminating takeoffs" of thinking occur quite rarely, about 5 minutes a day. The spindle-shaped teeth on curved lines that testify to them appear only with intense reflection, sharp discussions, and solving difficult problems.

According to popular beliefs, there are life rhythms that have a common cause of origin, but proceed at different levels: 23 days - physiological cycle, 28 - emotional, 33 - mental (intellectual). What are they due to? And from when to count?

The considered biorhythms begin their fluctuations with a powerful release of adrenaline into the bloodstream and the first breath of a newborn. It is as if mother nature, releasing a child into the orbit of life, forces at this crucial moment important modes of his life.

The described cycles manifest themselves throughout a person's life, causing ups and downs in the corresponding forms of activity. When 3 biocyclic minimums or critical days coincide, some Japanese firms release employees from work that requires increased concentration. In one of our cities, computers calculated difficult days for city transport drivers and left them to work in the garage - as a result, the accident rate became noticeably less.

When the maxima of three biocycles coincide, a person seems to fly on wings. A woman in such a period "stops a galloping horse, enters a burning hut." But it will be better if life allows her to be creative at this time, break world records or give birth ...

Chronobiology (biorhythmology) studies biological time in all its diverse forms. Civilization disrupts natural rhythms. This is especially felt by people who are forced to work at night (for example, metro builders, astronomers) or those who often change their location and, accordingly, time zones (pilots, astronauts, athletes).

It has long been noted that if a person finds himself directly in the natural environment, he returns to natural rhythms. Sometimes they are better to follow in intensely nervous urban life. By alternating hard work with rest, you can achieve much more than exhausting yourself with incessant work. It is no coincidence that couches for relaxation began to appear in some offices.

And yet let us remember that we have a great gift - willpower. A person can order himself by saying “Yes” when a tired body prompts “No”. Or vice versa, a person can say to himself: "No!", although the body asks: "Yes!" And as a result, achieve the goal.

mental time

Consider now consciously or unconsciously experiencedmental time. It subjectively and is not a simple copy of real, objective time, although to some extent it is conditioned by it.

Mental time and space are most connected with the value-oriented life of a person, the world of his sensory perceptions and ideas. You can measure time by hours, or by the degree of your impatience or bliss (“ happy hour do not notice"). Can measure distances kilometers, and it is possible with its degree fatigue.

Large in size physical time in mental time may seem very small, and small - very large. It has been wisely observed that to measure life in years is the same as to measure a book by the number of pages, a picture - square meters, and a sculpture - in kilograms”.

The simplest and evolutionarily primary mental forms, which to some extent correspond to natural (physical and biological) space and time, are unconscious spatial perception and temporary representation.

Animals, babies and sleeping people experience only directly given time. human consciousness for the first time allows you to do what is impossible at the unconscious level: discursively making a difference past, present and future. However, when we are talking about psychological time directly experienced by people, then it is possible in in a certain sense agree with Aurelius Augustine (354-430), who believed that it was more correct to say not “past”, “present” and “future”, but “present of the past”, “present of the present” and “present of the future”.

Goal-setting and goal-realizing activity allows a person to make more saturated connections between the past, present and future, to connect them deeper and more fully into a single existential integrity.

mental time symbolically. There are special moments in it - moments of the Beginning and the End (but for nature these moments are not much different from others, for her they are ordinary moments). New Year life. New Year calendar. New Year in study, creativity, love. At such moments, we seem to be at the pass. You can look back. Try to anticipate what lies ahead.

Why, after each birthday, a new upsurge of vitality seems to begin? After all, this rarely coincides with the maxima of all three biorhythms - physiological, emotional and mental. The fact is that here a different, “noospheric” (sociocultural) cyclicality is manifested, associated with the change of calendar cycles. And this means that in this case greatly influences psychological attitude, attitude.

The specialty, as well as age, leave an imprint on mental time. Anthropologist can say: - Most recently, in the last millennium ... And from a child you can hear: - A very, very long time ago, a few days ago ...

The main time of childhood is very slow. Let's try to explain why. Let's say the child is 2 years old. How long does he have to wait for his next birthday? “One year,” an adult wise with life experience will say. And he will be right in his own way. But for a child, this is half the life already lived! Half a lifetime to wait for the next birthday ...

So, the first reason for the slow time of childhood is that "current time" is related to all life. The second reason is that time is always involuntarily measured and experienced through events; a lot of events happen - that means a lot of time passes (and vice versa). And for a child, almost everything that happens is perceived as an Event, since it has not yet lost its unusualness and novelty.

However, with age, the experience of time changes. But what psychophysiological prerequisites determine the appearance of the temporal aspect of the experienced events?

Numerous observations have shown that at first the child develops independent temporal s e experiences, and each of them connects a certain desire and its successful or unsuccessful result. At about a year and a half, a vague, but more general time indicator is formed - the concept of "now", and at two years - the concept of "soon". Only a three-year-old child begins to confidently distinguish between such more abstract concepts as "not today", "tomorrow", "yesterday".

But even at the age of four or five, a child, according to the observations of J. Piaget, simultaneous thinks non-simultaneous: seeing that two objects left the same point at the same time and arrived at two final places at the same time, he agrees that the “start” was simultaneous, but denies the simultaneity of the “finish”. The child believes that only what is happening in the same place can be simultaneous, and in different places only different time. This is one of the manifestations of syncretism.

Unlike physical and other objective forms of time, which are irreversible (anisotropic), mental time is reversible. The priceless gift of our soul is the ability to mentally leave the present time. You can fly into the future on the wings of fantasy: - What does the coming day prepare for me?

You can relive the past: - Where, where have you gone, my golden days of spring?

The knowledge of one's mortality gives a special meaning to life. Conscious finiteness in time is a common human lot. “Memento mori” - this aphorism appeared in antiquity.

It is important to perceive your life as a certain - albeit small - link in history. Feel like someone's continuation and someone's beginning. To assume a share of the common responsibility for the fate of the world. And then there is light both at the beginning and at the end of the tunnel.

mental life measured by activities, actions, events.

We know - time is extensible

It depends on

What kind of content

You fill it Marshak)

Are the psychic time and space experienced by a person related to each other? Certainly yes. Let me remind you that in evolutionary and ontogenetic development, the experience of space first arises, and only then - on its basis and in connection with it - the experience of time. Only abstraction or disease can split them. There are many processes in which, to one degree or another, this connection between the experience of space and the experience of time is manifested. Here is one such manifestation. In some countries, in front of security checkpoints or dangerous areas specially arranged transverse stripes (“zebra”) are applied to the road: at first, the distances between the stripes are large, but gradually decrease to about a meter. The driver who is driving constant speed, it seems that his car accelerates rapidly, and he subconsciously starts to release the accelerator and slow down.

Speaking about the special connection between space and time in artistic and aesthetic experiences, M. M. Bakhtin (not without the influence of Einstein's ideas) introduced the concept of "chronotope" (from the Greek chronos - time and topos - place) into cultural studies and literary criticism.

In a sharply experienced form, chronotopic, say, a football match, extinguishing a fire, a theater performance, and others similar events in which space and time, without losing their originality, are intertwined in sensually inseparable wholeness. However, here, too, much depends on the "intensity of passions." If the players, saving their energy, simply play for time, and the actors callously pronounce memorized phrases, then the spatial-event components are relegated to the background, and boredom comes to the fore - an indicator that time seems to have stopped.

Self-deepening into himself, a person is able to widely push the limits of the individual "I". And then boundless spatial and temporal distances open before him, a world ready for co-evolutionary development and communication dialogue.