F a Poletaev Ryazan national hero of Italy. Hero of two countries - Fedor Poletaev

Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev was born in the village of Katino, now the Skopinsky district of the Ryazan region, into a peasant family. Russian . Primary education.

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Poletaev, Fedor- interpreter; Novgorodian, lived in late XVII century and early XVIII go. He translated from Greek the following books: "New Treasure, or conversations of the fathers about the life and suffering of husbands and wives, with images", 1676; "Macaria ... ...

POLETAEV Fedor Andrianovich- (Poetan) (1909 45) soldier Soviet army, Hero of the Resistance Movement in Italy, Hero Soviet Union(1962, posthumously). Escaped from captivity in 1944 and fought in an Italian partisan division. Killed in battle... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Poletaev Fedor Andrianovich- (partisan pseudonym Poetan), a soldier of the Soviet Army, an active participant in the Resistance Movement in Italy during the 2nd ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Poletaev, Fedor Andrianovich

Poletaev Fedor Andrianovich- Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev (May 14, 1909 February 2, 1945) Hero of the Soviet Union, member of the Italian Resistance movement, private guard. Postage stamp of the USSR dedicated to Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev. Contents 1 Biography ... Wikipedia

Poletaev, Fedor Andrianovich- (Poet). Genus. 1909, mind. (died) 1945. Soldier of the Soviet Army, Hero of the Soviet Union (1962, posthumously). Member of the Italian Resistance (partisan) ... Big biographical encyclopedia

Poletaev Fedor Andrianovich- Poetan (1909 1945), soldier of the Red Army, hero of the Resistance Movement in Italy, Hero of the Soviet Union (1962, posthumously). Escaped from captivity in 1944 and fought in an Italian partisan division. Killed in battle. * * * POLETAYEV Fedor Andrianovich POLETAYEV ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev- Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev (May 14, 1909 February 2, 1945) Hero of the Soviet Union, member of the Italian Resistance movement, private guard. Postage stamp of the USSR dedicated to Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev. Contents 1 Biography ... Wikipedia

Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev(May 1 - February 2) - Soviet soldier, member of the Italian Resistance movement during World War II, Hero of the Soviet Union, National Hero of Italy.

Biography

Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev was born in the village of Katino into a peasant family. Russian . Primary education.

In June, parts of the division were surrounded. In July 1942, in the area of ​​​​the village of Razdolnoye, a private (according to some sources, a sergeant) Poletav was seriously wounded and erroneously declared dead (according to the certificate of the Archive of the USSR Ministry of Defense, he was buried in mass grave in this village). On the other hand, for some time Poletaev was listed as a defector to the Germans, a special department of the division was looking for him, the battery commander was interrogated by SMERSH. And only after the war it became known that Poletaev was captured.

The fate of Fedor Poletaev was as follows: he was taken out of the battlefield by his comrades, but due to a severe wound in the leg, he had to be left in one of the farms, where he was treated for three months, and having recovered, he decided to go to his own - or cross the front line , or seek contact with the partisans. He was captured, but escaped that night. He tried to go out to his own again, but was caught by the police.

He passed the prisoner of war camps in Vyazma, Berdichev, in Mielec. Once in a camp near the town of Slavonski Brod, in March 1944 he fled with a group of prisoners of war, but was soon caught again and sent to a work team in Italy, near Genoa.

• Poetan (Poleteiv) Fiodor Alexander on the site "" (Official site of the President of the Republic of Italy).

An excerpt characterizing Poletaev, Fedor Andrianovich

The general manager expressed great sympathy for Pierre's intentions; but he noticed that in addition to these transformations, it was necessary in general to attend to affairs that were in a bad state.
Despite the enormous wealth of Count Earless, since Pierre received it and was said to have received 500,000 a year income, he felt much less wealthy than when he received his 10,000 from the late count. AT in general terms he was vaguely aware of the next budget. About 80 thousand were paid to the Soviet for all estates; about 30 thousand was the cost of maintaining a suburban, Moscow house and princesses; about 15 thousand went into retirement, the same number went to charitable institutions; 150 thousand were sent to the countess for living; interest was paid for debts of about 70 thousand; the construction of the begun church cost these two years about 10 thousand; the rest, about 100,000,000 diverged - he himself did not know how, and almost every year he was forced to borrow. In addition, every year the chief executive wrote about fires, then about crop failures, then about the need to rebuild factories and factories. And so, the first thing that presented itself to Pierre was the one for which he had the least ability and inclination - doing business.
Pierre worked with the chief manager every day. But he felt that his studies did not move things forward one step. He felt that his studies took place independently of the case, that they did not cling to the case and did not force him to move. On the one hand, the chief manager put things in the worst possible light, showing Pierre the need to pay debts and undertake new work by the forces of serfs, to which Pierre did not agree; on the other hand, Pierre demanded the commencement of the case of release, to which the manager exposed the need to first pay the debt of the Board of Trustees, and therefore the impossibility of a quick execution.
The manager didn't say it was completely impossible; In order to achieve this goal, he proposed the sale of the forests of the Kostroma province, the sale of grassroots and Crimean estate. But all these operations in the speeches of the manager were associated with such complexity of processes, the lifting of prohibitions, demands, permits, etc., that Pierre was at a loss and only said to him:
- Yes, yes, do it.
Pierre did not have that practical tenacity that would have given him the opportunity to directly get down to business, and therefore he did not like him and only tried to pretend to the manager that he was busy with business. The manager, however, tried to pretend to the count that he considered these activities very useful for the owner and embarrassing for himself.
AT big city acquaintances were found; strangers hurried to get acquainted and warmly welcomed the newly arrived rich man, the largest owner of the province. The temptations towards Pierre's main weakness, the one he confessed to during admission to the lodge, were also so strong that Pierre could not refrain from them. Again, whole days, weeks, months of Pierre's life passed just as preoccupied and busy between evenings, dinners, breakfasts, balls, not giving him time to come to his senses, as in Petersburg. Instead of the new life that Pierre hoped to lead, he lived the same former life, just in a different setting.
Of the three appointments of Freemasonry, Pierre was aware that he did not fulfill the one that prescribed every Mason to be a model moral life, and out of the seven virtues, he did not have two in himself at all: good-nature and love for death. He consoled himself with the fact that in return he fulfilled a different purpose - the correction of the human race and had other virtues, love for one's neighbor, and especially generosity.
In the spring of 1807, Pierre decided to go back to Petersburg. On the way back, he intended to go around all his estates and personally ascertain what was done from what was prescribed for them and in what position is now the people that God entrusted to him, and which he sought to benefit.
The chief manager, who considered all the undertakings of the young count almost madness, a disadvantage for himself, for him, for the peasants, made concessions. Continuing the cause of liberation to be impossible, he ordered the construction in all estates large buildings schools, hospitals and shelters; for the arrival of the master, he prepared meetings everywhere, not magnificently solemn, which, he knew, Pierre would not like, but precisely such religious thanksgiving, with images and bread and salt, exactly such that, as he understood the master, should have affected the count and deceived him .
The southern spring, the calm, quick journey in a Viennese carriage and the solitude of the road had a joyful effect on Pierre. The estates that he had not yet visited were - one more picturesque than the other; the people everywhere seemed prosperous and touchingly grateful for the good deeds done to them. There were meetings everywhere, which, although they embarrassed Pierre, but in the depths of his soul evoked a joyful feeling. In one place, the peasants brought him bread, salt and the image of Peter and Paul, and asked permission in honor of his angel Peter and Paul, as a token of love and gratitude for the good deeds he had done, to erect a new chapel in the church at their own expense. Elsewhere, women with babies met him, thanking him for getting rid of hard work. In the third estate, he was met by a priest with a cross, surrounded by children, whom he, by the grace of the count, taught literacy and religion. On all the estates, Pierre saw with his own eyes, according to the same plan, the stone buildings of hospitals, schools, almshouses, which were supposed to be opened soon, erected and erected already. Everywhere Pierre saw the reports of the administrators about corvée work, reduced against the previous one, and heard the touching thanksgiving of deputations of peasants in blue caftans for this.
Pierre just did not know that where they brought him bread and salt and built a chapel of Peter and Paul, there was a trading village and a fair on St. The peasants of this village were in the greatest ruin. He did not know that due to the fact that, on his orders, they stopped sending women children with babies to corvée, these same children carried the most difficult work in their quarters. He did not know that the priest, who met him with a cross, weighed down the peasants with his requisitions, and that the disciples gathered to him with tears were given to him, and for big money were paid off by their parents. He did not know that the stone buildings, according to the plan, were erected by their workers and increased the corvée of the peasants, reduced only on paper. He did not know that where the steward pointed out to him, according to the book, that the dues should be reduced by one third at his will, the corvée service was added by half. And therefore, Pierre was delighted with his journey through the estates, and completely returned to the philanthropic mood in which he left Petersburg, and wrote enthusiastic letters to his mentor, brother, as he called the great master.
“How easy, how little effort is needed to do so much good, thought Pierre, and how little we care about it!”
He was happy with the gratitude shown to him, but he was ashamed when he accepted it. This gratitude reminded him of how much more he would have been able to do for these simple, kind people.
The chief manager, a very stupid and cunning person, completely understanding the smart and naive count, and playing with him like a toy, seeing the effect produced on Pierre by prepared methods, more decisively turned to him with arguments about the impossibility and, most importantly, the uselessness of freeing the peasants, who, even without they were completely happy.
Pierre, in the secret of his soul, agreed with the manager that it was difficult to imagine people happier, and that God knows what awaited them in the wild; but Pierre, though reluctantly, insisted on what he thought was just. The manager promised to use all his strength to carry out the will of the count, clearly realizing that the count would never be able to believe him, not only whether all measures had been taken to sell forests and estates, to buy him out of the Council, but he would probably never ask and not learns how the buildings that have been built stand empty and the peasants continue to give with work and money everything that they give from others, i.e., everything that they can give.

In the happiest state of mind, returning from his southern travel, Pierre fulfilled his long-standing intention to call on his friend Bolkonsky, whom he had not seen for two years.
Bogucharovo lay in an ugly, flat area, covered with fields and felled and uncut spruce and birch forests. The manor's yard was at the end of a straight line, along high road located village, behind a newly dug, full-filled pond, with banks not yet overgrown with grass, in the middle of a young forest, between which stood several large pines.
The manor's yard consisted of a threshing floor, outbuildings, stables, a bathhouse, an outbuilding and a large stone house with a semicircular pediment, which was still under construction. A young garden was planted around the house. The fences and gates were strong and new; under a shed stood two fire chimneys and a barrel painted green; the roads were straight, the bridges were strong with railings. On everything lay the imprint of accuracy and thrift. When asked where the prince lived, the courtyards pointed to a small, new outbuilding, standing at the very edge of the pond. Prince Andrei's old uncle, Anton, let Pierre out of the carriage, said that the prince was at home, and escorted him to a clean, small entrance hall.

MBOU "Average comprehensive school No. 59"

Project work

on the topic:

The streets of the city of Ryazan are named after them:

"Street F. Poletaev"

Completed by: student of 4 "B" class

Senina Anastasia

Head: Lukinskaya O.V.

teacher primary school

Ryazan 2015

I. Introduction

II. History of my street

2.2. Hero's move.

2.3 Hero rewards.

2.4 High Merit Appreciation

III. Conclusion

3.1 My findings

3.2 My suggestions

IV. Literature

If a person does not like old streets, old houses,

so he has no love for his hometown.

If a person is indifferent to historical monuments,

he is generally indifferent to his country.

D.S. Likhachev.

I Introduction

To be extremely honest, then, probably, few people know who the big streets and small streets in our cities are named after. Sometimes we walk daily along long-familiar streets and don’t even think about why the street has this or that name? What was it called before and why? To whom are the monuments dedicated? memorial plaques? Who from famous people walked and lived on the streets of our cities?

The streets are silent witnesses and keepers of the history of our cities. Street names are not languageless, they can tell a lot to a knowledgeable person. Many streets are named after writers and poets, composers, communist leaders, significant dates and holidays, heroes of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars.

I love my city where I was born, the city where my closest people live - my parents. My friends and I often walk along the streets of our city. I want to talk about the street that bears the name of Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev.

Love for the Fatherland is born from small things - from love for one's home, street, city, region. AT this moment in our country is a big problem- how to raise a patriot and a citizen of the Motherland? I think that this task can be solved through the education of students on the example of the heroic past of our city, region, streets. I hope that, having studied the military past of our small motherland, many young modern people patriotic consciousness, a sense of loyalty to one's Fatherland, and respect for the older generation will manifest itself.

The relevance of my work is that every resident of our city of Ryazan should not only know the name of the streets, but also know the history of its creation.

Object of study : street F.A. Poletaeva of the city of Ryazan.

Subject of study: life and feat of F.A. Poletaev

During my work, I made a hypothesis:

If every resident of Ryazan, from childhood, is interested in and knows the history of his city, the history of the streets, then he will pass this information on from generation to generation, which will instill interest in the history of his native land and love for him.

the main objective my work :

collect and study information about the history of the name of Poletaeva Street in the city of Ryazan.

Tasks:

1. Study the history of the street name.

2. Get acquainted with the biography of Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev.

3. Learn about the feat of the hero.

4. Tell the students in my class about the results of the study.

Research timeline.

January - April 2015.

Research methods:

Reading literature, searching for information on the Internet

Reading newspaper articles from previous years

Meetings with veterans

Contacting the library

Practical significance research: given material can be used in the lessons of the world around, when conducting subject weeks, olympiads, class hours.

The research work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references.

The research was conducted in the following areas: history, local history.

II . Street history.

2.1. Life and work of F. Poletaev.

One of the objectives of my research was to get acquainted with the literature about the life of F. Poletaev. Here's what I was able to find out.

Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev was born on May 14, 1909 in the village of Katino, Skopinsky district, Ryazan province (now Skopinsky district) into a peasant family of Andrian Dmitrievich and Marfa Danilovna Poletaev. AT six years old lost his father. The mother raised three children alone.

Poletaev graduated from the 2nd grade of the first stage school in the village of Katino. He worked on his own farm, worked as a laborer. In 1923 F.A. Poletaev moved to the Pavlovo-Posadsky district of the Moscow region, where he worked at first as a seasonal worker - a peat cutter at the Skvortsy peat site, then as a loader at the peat enterprise of the country's first peat power plant named after. R.E. Klasson in the village of Elektroperedachka (since 1946 - the city of Elektrogorsk). The loaders laid the narrow-gauge railway to the peat carts, took out the peat, after which they themselves dismantled the rails and transferred them to another place.

In 1929 Poletaev married Maria Nikanorovna Kalinina. The young family returned to the village of Katino, where the New Life collective farm was being created.

In May 1931, the daughter of Alexander was born in the family, and in June of this year Poletaev was drafted into the Red Army. He served in the artillery regiment of the Moscow Proletarian Rifle Division as a driving artillery crew, then in the department of the regiment's self-employment. During the service he received the specialty of a blacksmith, graduated from the fourth and fifth grades of the school. After the end of his service in November 1933, having taken his family from the village of Katino - his wife, daughter Alexandra and son Mikhail, who was born during his service in the army - he moved to Krasnodar region, the village of Starmyshastovskaya. He worked on the collective farm named after G.M. Krzhizhanovsky as a blacksmith, tractor driver, combine operator.

In January 1935, the family returned to their homeland, at that time - the Gorlovsky district of the Moscow region. Poletaev worked as a blacksmith in the village of Katino, as a machine operator in the Gorlovskaya MTS, then as a blacksmith and tractor driver in the villages of Petrushino, Maryino, Rudinka in this region. Three more children were born in the family: Valentina (1936), Nikolai (1938), Mikhail (1940). The eldest son Michael died of polio.

In August 1941, Fedor Poletaev was mobilized. He fought in the 28th Guards Artillery Regiment, 9th Guards Rifle Division. Member of the battle for Moscow. In the spring and summer of 1942 he fought on the Don.

2.2. Hero's move.

In the summer of 1942, correspondence with his wife broke off, the wife received a gray envelope with a notice that her husband had died in battle. But it wasn't like that...

In the summer of 1942, the division that fought on the Don was surrounded, after which the wounded soldier was taken prisoner. And so began two long years of moving from one POW camp to another, who were in Poland, Yugoslavia and Italy.

The city of Genoa was one of the centers partisan movement. Here, several brigades of the Resistance fought against the German occupiers. In the summer of 1944, Poletaev, together with a group of prisoners of war, escaped and soon became a fighter of the Orest brigade as part of the Pinan Chikero partisan division, Nino Franchi's detachment. The Italians changed his surname in their own way - Poetan. The Russian soldier quickly won the love and deep respect of the partisans.

Tall, of a heroic physique, possessing a large physical strength, "Fyodor" was a modest, very disciplined soldier.

In battle, he was terrible - hatred overwhelmed his soul after what happened to him in captivity.

On February 2, there was a battle near Cantalupo, very important for the fate of the partisan formations located in this area. Our group (just a few dozen) stopped the enemy (there were about 200 of them). The Nazis lay down around the corner of the road on the outskirts of Cantalupo. There was no time to lose - reinforcements could approach the enemy.

Then the mighty figure of Fyodor rose to its full height. He shouted to his comrades: "Follow me!" and ran out onto the road, scribbling from a machine gun. This attack was so bold and unexpected that the Nazis began to throw down their weapons. And suddenly there was a shot. Fyodor fell on the snow, but we already rushed forward, inspired by the hero's feat, and finally broke the enemy.

In that battle, only one Fedor died on our side, at the cost of his life he gave us the opportunity to win a glorious and important victory.

2.3 Hero rewards.

On April 25, 1947, a rally was held in Genoa, at which a representative of the Italian government presented the Soviet consul with a bronze five-pointed star- a sign of a fighter of Garibaldi partisan brigade.

Another award was the gold medal "For Military Valor". On the reverse side a golden disc was engraved with his name - Fedor Alexander Poetan (by this name F.A. Poletaev fought in a partisan detachment) gold medal- the highest and very honorary award of the Italian Resistance.

He, a foreigner, became the National Hero of Italy.

Only on December 26, 1962 by Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR Fedor Poletaevfor heroism and courage shown in battles against Nazi German invaders as part of a detachment of Italian partisans during the Second World Warwas awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). This happened due to the fact that the Soviet writer and public figure Sergei Smirnov, having studied documents and photographs, proved that the man who bore the name Fedor Poetan is a Soviet soldier

Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev.

2.4 High Merit Appreciation

December 24, 1970 in Ryazan, on the street bearing the name of the hero, a monument to F. A. Poletaev was opened. Monuments have also been erected to him in Italy. An oil tanker "Fyodor Poletaev" was built, in many cities there are streets with the name of the hero.

III .Conclusion

3.1 My findings

We, young people who live and create in the 21st century, are not indifferent to the fate of our Motherland.

And I would like to appeal to all people with the words of A.E. Fersman: “Know your mountain and river! Do not be afraid that these peas and rivers are small, because big grows out of small things.

Summing up our work, we can draw the following conclusions:

The Great Patriotic War has long died down. Cities and villages have been restored, monuments have been erected to heroes - soldiers who defeated fascism. It is impossible to return the dead at the front and in the rear, it is impossible to heal the wounds in the souls of veterans, but it is possible to perpetuate the memory of these heroes - in the names of the streets.

If every resident of the city of Ryazan from childhood is interested in and knows the history of his city, the history of his street, then he will pass this information on from generation to generation, which will instill interest in the history of his native land and love for it.

Now I can proudly walk the streets of my native city.

The study of the historical past of the city, region, street is of great importance for the education of the future generation. My research work contributed to the formation of students' moral and patriotic qualities of a person, respect for the heroic past of our ancestors. Knowledge and understanding of the history of your region, city, street allows you to realize what processes are taking place in close proximity, and helps each student feel like a part of a small and large Motherland.

3.2 My suggestions:

I encourage each student to a little research about the history of its street name.

I propose to hold Classroom hour, where all students of our class will have the opportunity to get acquainted with the life and exploits of Fedor Poletaev.

two loves

To Russia, to Italy

Inextricably merged in your heart

Together with hatred for the Nazis.

You went to their rear and shouted:

"Hey, give up!" - and stood above the snow,

Pouring fire on the enemy.

"This feat was unparalleled.

He decided the fate of the battle."

It was said at the award

Gold medal for you.

Only you didn't hear it

You lay motionless in the snow

Snow seemed to you before death

White, like Moscow snow.

I do not shout today "Rise!"

Today I turn to the blind

Look at Russian land,

Whose radiance of the moon reaches,

You were going to extinguish it.

Fedor! You were a ray in that radiance

And the blind did not guess, did not know

What are they in the prison cars

They brought Soviet prowess

To the partisans of our land.

Fedor! Today is your anniversary!

Fedor! Hear my "Thank you!"

All Italy with me

Says thank you!

Literature

Great Soviet Encyclopedia

"In the fire of battles." Kozlov N.A.

Heroes of the Soviet Union.

Brief bibliographic dictionary. T. 1. M., 1987; T. 2. M., 1988.

"Reliable Shield of the Motherland" Borovykh A.E.

POLETAEV FEDOR ANDRIANOVICH 05/14/1909 - 02/02/1945 Hero of the Soviet Union Private Guards Number of the gun crew of the 28th Guards Artillery Regiment of the 9th Guards Red Banner Rifle Division Poletaev (Poetan) Fedor Andrianovich - number of the gun crew of the artillery regiment of the 9th Guards Red Banner Rifle Division private, guards ; active participant in the resistance movement in Italy during World War II. Born on May 14, 1909 in the village of Katino (now Skopinsky district) Ryazan region in a peasant family. Russian. Primary education. He graduated from the 2nd grade of the parochial school in the village. Catino. Father - Andrian Dmitrievich, mother - Marfa Danilovna Poletaeva. His family was poor. Fedor had to overcome difficulties since childhood. Early, very early worries fell on the fragile childish shoulders. At the age of 6, left without a father, a boy, Fedor for the first time came face to face with a class enemy - strong and merciless - Loshchilin, in whose mill his father died. Even then, Fedya harbored a hatred for the kulak and fought injustice and cruelty as best he could. Hunger and cold, need ... The little boy would still run and run with his comrades, but at less than eleven he stood up for the plow. Fedya willingly went to school, enjoyed every lesson. Much later L.E. Lebedeva-Nazarova, teacher F.A. Poletaeva, recalled: "There were more than seventy boys and girls in my class different ages. I remember Fyodor Poletaev and his friends well. Fedya studied well, was distinguished by accuracy and calm disposition. He was developed beyond his years, stood out among his peers with high growth and physical strength. Diligence and great industriousness were his characteristic features. "But one day the morning came when Fedya's bag with the slate board remained hanging on a nail, and he himself, spreading a bast on a bench, began to weave bast shoes." What kind of study could we talk about if there was not a single loaf of bread in the house ... Need forced the fifteen-year-old Fyodor to go to work. In 1923, he ended up in the Bogorodsk district near Pavlovsky Posad in the village of Elektroperedachka, where peat was mined for "Klasson" - the world's first electric power station that worked on peat. A great influence on the formation of the character of the young worker was exerted by the foreman of the artel of loaders Alexander Tikhonovich Artyukhin, a man of rare spiritual beauty. Nothing brings people together like a common work, common goals. Fedor quickly entered the work team, became its equal member. From a peasant boy crushed by need, a real worker grew up. And indeed, Poletaev worked in such a way that everyone was only amazed. Over the years of work in peat extraction, the boy grew up and got stronger. But in the main it has not changed. He remained kind and sympathetic, honest and hardworking. met here future wife Maria Nikanovna Kalinina. Having learned that a collective farm had been created in his native village of Katin, Fedor could not remain indifferent to this event and in 1931 hurried home. Soon, in the same 1931, he was drafted into the Red Army, where he served in the artillery regiment of the Moscow Proletarian Rifle Division and at the same time learned blacksmithing, received the profession of a blacksmith. Demobilized in 1933. After demobilization, in November 1933, Fedor Andrianovich only stopped by his native village of Katino for a few days and, taking his family, went to the Kuban to raise a young collective farm. From dawn to dusk, the heavy Poletaevsky hammer pounded under the dilapidated roof of the forge. However, the climate of the Kuban village of Staromyshastovskaya was not suitable for the young children of the Poletaev family, and at the family council it was decided to return to Katino. Soon, in January 1935, the Poletaevs returned to their native village. There was little work in the Katya forge, the collective farm did not yet experience a special need for a new blacksmith. In 1936, Fedor Andrianovich was invited to work at the Gorlovsky machine and tractor station, which was located on the Thirteenth October collective farm in the village of Petrushino, Gorlovsky district (now Skopinsky district, Ryazan region). Only at the beginning of the summer of 1941 did the Poletaevs get ready to return to Katino. But in peaceful life countries broke into war. In August 1941, Fedor was mobilized by the Gorlovsky RVC and ended up in the 28th Guards Artillery Regiment of the 78th Infantry Division (later the 9th Guards Red Banner rifle division, whose commander was Beloborodov A.P.). At the front since November 1941. Participated in the battle near Moscow. In the first front-line letter he reported: “Alive, healthy. Received gratitude from the command. I fight with dignity. Take care of the children. Your Fedor. In the summer of 1942, the correspondence broke off, and then Maria Nikanorovna received a notice that her husband had died on June 22, 1942 in the Kharkov region. A 32-year-old soldier, Private Poletaev, in a year and a half of the war knew all its severity and all the bitterness of the retreat: Smolensk - Kharkov - Rostov ... In the summer of 1942, his division, which fought on the Don, was surrounded. Fedor was seriously wounded and, with an open leg wound, the retreating comrades were forced to leave him on the Bokai farm. For two months, the inhabitants of the farm treated and hid the fighter. Having recovered a little, he firmly decided to break through to his own people, to break through, despite the fact that everything around was already occupied by the Germans. Thus began the years of his captivity. He passed concentration camps in Poland, Yugoslavia and Italy. The first escape is a new captivity. The second escape - and again captured. And, finally, the third. Successful. In 1944, with the help of the Italian communists, Poletaev, together with two comrades, Petukhov and Kochkin, fled from a camp located near the city of Genoa, and joined the Ligurian partisans hiding in the mountains. Main city Liguria - Genoa - was one of the centers of the partisan movement in the Apennines. Here, several brigades of the Resistance fought against the German occupiers. On November 7, 1944, Poletaev was enlisted as a fighter in the Oreste brigade as part of the Pinan Chikero partisan division. A very disciplined, executive, strong, brave and surprisingly cold-blooded Russian soldier quickly won the love and deep respect of the partisans. Participating in many battles against the Nazi invaders, Poletaev showed great courage and courage. In the detachment of partisans, he was called "Russian hero", "giant Fedor", "Poetan", "Fedor Alexander", "jolly Fedor", "Good Fedor". The archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs contain documents sent to the homeland of the Hero by the Genoese partisans, which tell about Fyodor Poetan, as he was called in the detachment. “Fyodor was a very characteristic figure,” it says there, “in his kind smile in dealing with everyone, in their silence, in their boundless discipline, in their firm faith in our victory, in the future liberation of the oppressed peoples, in their own exemplary behavior: always, constantly, he was ready to voluntarily sacrifice himself. Strong as a mighty oak, in the rare moments when he was not busy at work, he always thought about his family, which he loved very much. His behavior was an example for all the partisans of the battalion - he taught them to love their homeland and freedom, to be disciplined. He won the universal admiration of his comrades in arms and the friendly sympathy of local residents who knew him. His excellent qualities were especially evident during the punitive expeditions of the enemy in the winter of 1944-1945. On December 15, 1944, in the battle on Mount Bossola (Alexandria), he showed himself to be one of the best fighters, especially after his commander Salvarezza fell. Alone, he not only did not retreat in front of the enemy, but went close to him and, firing from a machine gun, throwing grenades, created the enemy's impression that many partisans had already gathered in this place. This forced the enemy to hastily withdraw from advantageous positions. After long and heated battles, his battalion was defeated. Four of our people, finally exhausted, could no longer walk on the icy ground and, of course, would have fallen into the hands of the enemy if Fyodor had not transferred them all to a safe haven. After the end of the punitive operation of the enemy, Fedor earned universal gratitude for another deeply humane act. For almost a whole day he walked along the icy paths to get bread for his exhausted comrades in arms. They loved him like a father." Weeks and months inexorably brought humanity closer to victory over fascism, and the soldier Fyodor Poletaev to immortality. In early 1945, the Germans decided to put an end to the Ligurian partisans. They launched a massive punitive operation. On February 2, 1945, a battle broke out near the town of Cantalupo, which was very important for the fate of the partisan formations located in the area. A group of partisans from the detachment of Nino Franchi, among whom was Poletaev, blocked the way for the Germans. The decisive onslaught of several dozen patriots forced the punishers, who had a significant superiority in strength, to go on the defensive. They lay down around the corner of the snow-covered road and sat down in a barn standing nearby. The loss of time for the partisans was tantamount to defeat: reinforcements could approach the enemy from minute to minute. And then the mighty figure of Poletaev rose to his full height in the snow. He ran out onto the road, firing from a machine gun, and in a loud, authoritative voice ordered the punishers to lay down their weapons. The partisans arrived. The confused Germans began to throw down their weapons and raise their hands. But one of them suddenly threw up his machine gun, and a bullet pierced the throat of the one to whom the Ligurian partisans owed their salvation and victory - the Russian soldier Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev ... Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev was buried on February 3, 1945 in the cemetery of the town of Rocchetta, and after the war his remains were reburied in Genoa at the Staglieno cemetery in the military station "Campo della Gloria" ("Field of Glory"). On a marble slab in an oval of a bronze laurel wreath is his photograph and the inscription in gold letters: "Gold medal. Fedor Alexander Poetan (Fyodor). Cantalupo, Liguria. 2/2 1945". By a special decree of the Italian government dated March 16, 1947, Poletaev was awarded the highest military award of Italy - the Gold Medal "For Military Valor" and the Garibaldi Medal, was awarded the title "National Hero of Italy". April 25, 1947 in Genoa passed rally, at which a representative of the Italian government presented the Soviet consul with a bronze five-pointed star - the badge of a fighter of the Garibaldi partisan brigade - for transfer to the hero's family. Another award was a gold medal "For military valor" on a blue moire ribbon. On the reverse side of the gold disc was engraved his name - Fedor Alexander Poetan.The gold medal is the highest and very honorary award of the Italian Resistance.Suffice it to say that in Italy the general is obliged to be the first to salute the soldier who was awarded the Gold Medal.Very few people have this award, and among them there is not a single foreigner.Only the Russian soldier Fyodor Poletaev became the only foreigner - the National Hero of Italy. they learned about his feat only 15 years later, when the journalist Sergei Smirnov, based on the documents he found and the responses of readers and listeners, established that the national hero of Italy is none other than the Ryazan collective farm blacksmith and Soviet guardsman Fyodor Andrianovich Poletaev. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 26, 1962, for the heroism and courage shown in the battles against the Nazi invaders as part of a detachment of Italian partisans during the Second World War, Red Army private Fyodor Andrianovich Poletaev was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Initially, “Fyodor Alexander Poetan” was written on the monument on the grave - this is how the Italian clerk of the partisan detachment distorted Poletaev’s patronymic and surname, enrolling him in the detachment. Later, when it became clear correct surname, First and middle name dead hero, a new monument with a corrected inscription was placed on the grave. Awarded the Order of Lenin (12/26/1962, posthumously), foreign awards- the highest military award of Italy - the Gold Medal of the Resistance "For Military Valor" (03/16/1947, posthumously), the Garibaldi medal (Italy, posthumously). The collective farm where Poletaev worked before the war was named after him. December 24, 1970 in Ryazan, on the street bearing the name of the hero, a monument to Fyodor Andrianovich Poletaev was opened. The monument to the hero is made in the form of a massive horizontal stele of red granite. The portrait of F.A. Poletaev is a high relief. This noble face Soviet soldier going into battle. The brows are furrowed, the lips are sternly compressed, the look is determined. A powerful hand grips a weapon. The barrel of the machine gun, which goes far beyond the edge of the stele, is framed by an ear of wheat and an olive branch, which personify Russia and Italy. In the city of Elektrogorsk, a commemorative plaque was installed at the peat enterprise where Fedor Poletaev worked. Streets in the village are named after him. Katino, the cities of Moscow, Ryazan, Elektrogorsk, Kantolupo and Genoa. There are school museums and monuments to Poletaev in Katino, Ryazan and Moscow. In Italy, monuments were also erected to him in the cities of Genoa and Cantalupo, and an oil tanker "Fedor Poletaev" was built. From an essay by S.S. Smirnov "The Mystery of the Distant Grave" (from his book "Stories about unknown heroes". M., 1964.): In the winter of 1945, taking advantage of the fact that the Anglo-American command publicly announced the suspension of offensive operations until spring, the Germans withdrew several divisions from the front, transferred them to the rear and launched wide punitive expeditions against partisans. Partisan detachments fought retreating deeper and deeper into the mountains, the Nazis burned villages along the way, brutally cracked down on civilians.The position of the partisans in some provinces of Italy became threatening.The Nazis also pulled a lot of troops into Liguria, trying to encircle and destroy the main forces of the partisans. , which played out on February 2, 1945 near the small town of Cantalupo, was very important and largely decided the outcome of the entire punitive expedition enemy in the area. At dawn on February 2, a column of German trucks with soldiers drove into the valley and stopped near the bridge thrown over the gorge. Dismounting, a detachment of Germans - more than a hundred people - moved in battle formation along the road to the town of Cantalupo. The enemy was spotted in time, and the partisans went on alert. A detachment of "Nino Franchi" was sent to the Cantalupo region. Around noon, on the road near the outskirts of Cantalupo, a fight began, long and fierce. Under the pressure of the partisans, the Germans retreated and went on the defensive, but the bend in the road and deep snow gave them the opportunity to take a strong position and shoot back in anticipation of reinforcements. The attempts of the partisans to approach the trenches were in vain - the enemy fire was too dense. Everyone understood: there was no time to lose, help could come to the enemy. And then, in front of the partisans, the mighty figure of Fyodor rose to his full height in the snow. In a few jumps, he was at the turn of the road, behind which the Nazis lay down, and, scribbling from a machine gun, loudly and authoritatively ordered the enemy to surrender. This daring attack confused the enemy: it seemed to the Germans that they were being attacked by fresh partisan forces. They ceased fire and one by one began to rise, raising their hands. And suddenly there was a burst of machine-gun fire, and Fyodor fell into the snow. But the partisans, inspired by his courage, already rushed after him, finally broke the resistance of the enemy and disarmed the soldiers who had surrendered. Only part of the punishers managed to escape. More than twenty dead Nazis and about fifty prisoners - this was the result of this battle. The partisans lost only one person - Fedor, who, at the cost of his life, obtained this victory, which essentially meant failure. German plan surround and destroy partisan detachments in the Valle Scrivia. Fedor was killed on the spot - a bullet hit him in the throat. This week we will post 2 stories about our countrymen. If you have questions, clarifications on the material, or you want to tell a story about your Hero - write / call Yegor Chernalov (8-968-394-00-69, [email protected] il.com). A person must be directly related to Elektrogorsk (born here, studied, worked, moved after the war) and a photo is highly desirable. In addition to communities in VK and classmates, information about him will be posted in the hall of "Combat Glory" which is located in the "House of Youth" and, in the future, in a printed book, which in this moment is under development and filling." Photo: 1 - Fedor Poletaev 2 - Fedor Poletaev. 1935. 3 - Last photo Fyodor Poletaev 4 - Card from the series "Heroes of the Soviet Union" 5 - Cemetery in the city of Genoa. Italy 6 - The grave of Fyodor Poletaev in the cemetery of Genoa. Italy 7 - Monument to Fyodor Poletaev in Ryazan 8 - Monument to Fyodor Poletaev in Moscow on the street bearing his name Klasson in Elektrogorsk 10 - Postage stamp depicting Fyodor Poletaev

P oletaev (Poetan) Fyodor Andrianovich - the number of the gun crew of the artillery regiment of the 9th Guards Red Banner Rifle Division, private guard; active participant in the resistance movement in Italy during World War II.

Born on May 14, 1909 in the village of Katino (now the Skopinsky district) of the Ryazan region in a peasant family. Russian. Primary education.

In 1931 he was drafted into the Red Army. After demobilization, he worked as a blacksmith on a collective farm.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War Poletaev was again mobilized and sent to the 78th Rifle (later the 9th Guards) Rifle Division. At the front since November 1941. Participated in the battle near Moscow.

In the summer of 1942, the division that fought on the Don was surrounded, after which the wounded soldier was taken prisoner. He went through concentration camps in Poland, Yugoslavia and Italy.

In 1944, with the help of the Italian communists, Poletaev escaped from a camp located near the city of Genoa and joined the Ligurian partisans hiding in the mountains. Soon he became a fighter of the Oreste brigade as part of the Pinan Chikero partisan division. Participating in many battles against the Nazi invaders, Poletaev showed great courage and courage. In the partisan detachment, he was called the Russian hero, the giant Fedor.

In early 1945, the Germans decided to put an end to the Ligurian partisans. They launched a massive punitive operation. On February 2, 1945, a battle broke out near the town of Cantalupo, which was very important for the fate of the partisan formations located in the area. A group of partisans from the detachment of Nino Franchi, among whom was Poletaev, blocked the way for the Germans. The decisive onslaught of several dozen patriots forced the punishers, who had a significant superiority in strength, to go on the defensive. They lay down around the corner of the snow-covered road and sat down in a barn standing nearby. The loss of time for the partisans was tantamount to defeat: reinforcements could approach the enemy from minute to minute. And then the mighty figure of Poletaev rose to his full height in the snow. He ran out onto the road, firing from a machine gun, and in a loud, authoritative voice ordered the punishers to lay down their weapons. The partisans arrived. The confused Germans began to throw down their weapons and raise their hands. But one of them suddenly threw up his machine gun, and a bullet pierced the throat of the one to whom the Ligurian partisans owed their salvation and victory - the Russian soldier Fyodor Andrianovich Poletaev ...

Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev was buried in the cemetery of the town of Rocchetta, and after the war, his remains were reburied in Genoa at the Staglieno cemetery in the Campo della Gloria (Field of Glory) military area.

However, in the homeland, they learned about his feat only 15 years later, when the journalist Sergei Smirnov, based on the documents he found and the responses of readers and listeners, established that the national hero of Italy is none other than the Ryazan collective farm blacksmith and Soviet guardsman Fyodor Andrianovich Poletaev.

At order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 26, 1962 for heroism and courage shown in the battles against the Nazi invaders as part of a detachment of Italian partisans during the Second World War, to an ordinary Red Army Poletaev Fedor Andrianovich posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

Initially, “Fyodor Alexander Poetan” was written on the monument on the grave - this is how the Italian clerk of the partisan detachment distorted Poletaev’s patronymic and surname, enrolling him in the detachment. Later, when the correct surname, name and patronymic of the deceased hero were found out, a new monument with a corrected inscription was erected on the grave.

He was awarded the Order of Lenin (12/26/1962, posthumously), foreign awards - the highest military award of Italy - the Gold Medal of the Resistance "For Military Valor" (03/16/1947, posthumously), the Garibaldi medal (Italy, posthumously).

December 24, 1970 in Ryazan, on the street bearing the name of the hero, a monument to Fyodor Andrianovich Poletaev was opened. In Italy, monuments were also erected to him in the cities of Genoa and Cantalupo, and an oil tanker "Fedor Poletaev" was built.

A significant part of the biography is provided by Igor Serdyukov.

From an essay by S.S. Smirnov "The Mystery of the Distant Grave" (from his book "Stories about Unknown Heroes". M., 1964.):

In the winter of 1945, taking advantage of the fact that the Anglo-American command publicly announced the suspension of offensive operations until spring, the Germans withdrew several divisions from the front, transferred them to the rear, and launched extensive punitive expeditions against the partisans. The partisan detachments with battles retreated deeper and deeper into the mountains, the Nazis burned villages along the way, brutally cracked down on civilians. The position of the partisans in some provinces of Italy became threatening. The Nazis also pulled a lot of troops into Liguria, trying to encircle and destroy the main forces of the partisans.

The battle that took place on February 2, 1945 near the small town of Cantalupo was very important and to a large extent decided the outcome of the entire punitive expedition of the enemy in this area. At dawn on February 2, a column of German trucks with soldiers drove into the valley and stopped near the bridge thrown over the gorge. Dismounting, a detachment of Germans - more than a hundred people - moved in battle formation along the road to the town of Cantalupo. The enemy was spotted in time, and the partisans went on alert. A detachment of "Nino Franchi" was sent to the Cantalupo region. Around noon, on the road near the outskirts of Cantalupo, a fight began, long and fierce. Under the pressure of the partisans, the Germans retreated and went on the defensive, but the bend in the road and deep snow gave them the opportunity to take a strong position and shoot back in anticipation of reinforcements. The attempts of the partisans to approach the trenches were in vain - the enemy fire was too dense.

Everyone understood: there was no time to lose, help could come to the enemy. And then, in front of the partisans, the mighty figure of Fyodor rose to his full height in the snow. In a few jumps, he was at the turn of the road, behind which the Nazis lay down, and, scribbling from a machine gun, loudly and authoritatively ordered the enemy to surrender. This daring attack confused the enemy: it seemed to the Germans that they were being attacked by fresh partisan forces. They ceased fire and one by one began to rise, raising their hands. And suddenly there was a burst of machine-gun fire, and Fyodor fell into the snow. But the partisans, inspired by his courage, already rushed after him, finally broke the resistance of the enemy and disarmed the soldiers who had surrendered. Only part of the punishers managed to escape. More than twenty dead Nazis and about fifty prisoners - this was the result of this battle. The partisans lost only one man - Fedor, who, at the cost of his life, won this victory, which essentially meant the failure of the German plan to encircle and destroy the partisan detachments in the Valle Scrivia valley. Fedor was killed on the spot - a bullet hit him in the throat.