Professional words of a doctor 10 examples. Professional words

The use of professionalisms, as well as the word “professionalism” itself, in everyday speech

Research by Irina Chernyshova, Dasha Novikova and Zosia Kostrova

Purpose of the work: to find out whether people use professionalism in Everyday life.

Ways to carry out work:

1). Survey using a questionnaire

2). Observations

3). Analysis of the results obtained

4). Comparison of the received data and bringing them together into a single whole

Work plan:
1). Introduction - theoretical part

2). Results in chart form

3).Analysis of results

4).Conclusion

What are professionalisms? Professionalisms are words or expressions characteristic of the speech of a particular professional group. Professionalisms usually act as colloquial equivalents of terms corresponding in meaning: a typo in the speech of newspapermen is a blunder; the steering wheel in the speech of drivers is a steering wheel; synchrophasotron in the speech of physicists is a saucepan, etc. The terms are legal names of any special concepts. Professionalisms are used as their informal substitutes only in the speech of persons associated with a profession, limited to a special topic. Often professionalisms have a local, local character. There is, however, a point of view according to which professionalism is synonymous with the concept of “term”. According to some researchers, professionalism is a “semi-official” name for a concept that is limited in use - the vocabulary of hunters, fishermen, etc.

By origin, professionalism, as a rule, is the result of a metaphorical transfer of the meanings of words from everyday vocabulary to terminological concepts: by similarity, for example, between the shape of a part and everyday reality, the nature of the production process and a well-known action, or, finally, by emotional association.

Professionalisms are always expressive and are contrasted with the precision and stylistic neutrality of terms. Professionalisms are similar to jargons and words colloquial vocabulary by reduced, rough expression, and also by the fact that they, like slangs and vernacular, are not independent language subsystem with their grammatical features, but a certain small lexical complex. Due to the expressiveness inherent in professionalisms, they relatively easily pass into common speech, as well as colloquial speech. literary language. For example: the cover is “a mistake” (from the actor’s speech), the wiper is “a car windshield wiper” (from the speech of motorists).

Like terms, professionalisms are used in language fiction as a visual medium.

And so, we found out that professionalisms are words characteristic of a particular profession, sometimes close to jargon.

At the second stage of our work, we conducted a survey among people of various professions. In particular, teachers.

To the diagram: 40% of respondents said that they do not know what professionalism is, 27% can guess, more than 30% of respondents answered that they know. Some respondents insisted that the word “professionalism” does not exist, but only professional vocabulary (a concept close in meaning). Slightly more than half said that they often use professionalisms in everyday life; the majority agreed that professionalisms help them communicate with people in their profession, but several people, including a couple of teachers, said that they get along just fine in speech without them.
We also asked all respondents to give a couple of examples of professionalism related to their profession.

Here are the examples we received:

Teachers - pedagogical skills, project, non-linear learning process, class magazine, equation, music teacher - major mood, you are false (in the sense of lying), book sorter - codification (of books), coach - cutting, economist - asset, credit, debit, engineer - sunbed, riser, helmsman - fordak, tacking (overtaking), compass (instead of compass).

From the examples described above, it is clear that many (about 92%) do not perceive the word “professionalism” well. Some Russian language teachers insisted that the words “professionalism” in given value doesn't exist at all. From which we can conclude that the term “professionalism” itself refers to professional vocabulary.

After conducting the survey, we came to the unanimous opinion that we do not need the term “professionalism” in everyday life. We understand each other perfectly well even without him. For example, when we explained what these very professionalisms are, the example of a sailor - a compass - was very helpful. People often use professionalisms and find them convenient. Professionalisms also help people in the same profession understand each other better. Professionalism can become synonymous with ordinary words in everyday life (for example, major mood means “good mood”)

Leongardt Angelina

* The object of study of this work is professional vocabulary.

* The subject of the study is professionalism in the speech of parents of 6th grade students.

* As a result of the survey, the professionalism of parents in the following professions was determined: hairdresser, military personnel, drivers (3), nurses, orderlies, head of the post office, electricians (2), cooks.

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Omsk Science Center Siberian branch Russian Academy sciences

Omsk regional office All-Russian public organization

"Russian Geographical Society"

Children's regional public organization

"Scientific Society of Students "Search"

MKOU "Volnovskaya Secondary School" Poltava district Omsk region

Professionalism in the speech of parents

Scientific and practical work

Section: philology

Performed:

6th grade student

Leongardt Angelina

Supervisor:

teacher

Russian language and literature

Kosmacheva Svetlana Vladimirovna

Volnoye – 2012

1 Introduction 3

2 Main part. Use of professional vocabulary in speech.

2.1 Professional speech and its lexical composition. 4

2.2 Concept and features of professional vocabulary. 8

2.3 Professionalism in the speech of parents of 6th grade students. 13

3 Conclusion. 17

4 List of references and other sources. 18

Introduction

The vocabulary of the literary language is heterogeneous in terms of usage. Some literary words are used by all speakers of a literary language, others - separate groups people who have a particular profession or specialty. First group literary words are made up of commonly used words, the second are professional or special ones. Familiarity with professional words provides an understanding of their role in the everyday life of society.

Object of studyThis work is professional vocabulary.

Subject of study– professionalism in the speech of parents of 6th grade students.

Tasks :

1.Explore theoretical concepts on the research topic.

2. Find out from your parents what words they use in their professional activity.

3. Determine the meaning of professional words in the speech of parents of 6th grade students.

Target work - creating family explanatory dictionaries.

The following were used in the work:research methods: analysis, survey, generalization.

Main part

IN scientific research In linguistics and language teaching methods, the term “professional speech” is constantly used. Authors especially often refer to this definition in last years when the problems of studying are actively discussed professional speech. But with rare exceptions, no clear, substantiated definition of the concept of “professional speech” is given. In the latest edition of the encyclopedia “Russian Language” there is no such concept as “professional speech”. Professional speech is called “special speech”, which is included in the literary language, namely in those areas of it “that reflect the narrow language practice of people in certain specialties.” This speech, as indicated in the encyclopedia article, is determined, first of all, by the current terminology characteristic of a particular profession. In addition, this speech has “its own characteristics” in the field of vocabulary, word formation, phraseology, and sometimes in stress and form. The characteristics of this special speech “do not contradict... common system literary language".

When discussing business problems in an informal or less formal setting, a significant part of the vocabulary of modern economists is occupied by professionalisms (by which we mean informal names for phenomena and concepts of business life). This group is extensive and unites units that can be systematized by structure, origin, level of entry into the literary language, etc. d.

One of the definitions of professionalism is given by N.K. Garbovsky, who believes that there are 2 classes of professionally colored units of the lexical and phraseological level, namely, special professional terminology and uncodified language units that arise and function mainly in colloquial speech specialists for professional themes in conditions of informal communication. These last units are usually called professionalisms.

Professional speech of any field is also determined by its repertoire of genres, although the same genres can be used in professional speech of different specialties, but at the same time, each specialty has its own most important genres and specific laws of composition and speech design general genres.

The complexity and multifaceted nature of people’s professional activities imply significant variability in forms speech communication, and with a broad enough view of things, everything speech genres, formed in the process of communication in professional field activities can be defined as professional speech. In other words, all communication related to professional activities, regardless of whether it occurs in writing or orally, in an official or informal setting, that is, communication as a special, auxiliary type of activity that ensures the implementation of the main professional activity and is subordinate to its goals as the goals of the activity more high order, and there is professional speech.

“Professionalism is a special word or expression characteristic of a certain professional group, for example, “na-gora” (among miners), “vira”, “maina” (among loaders), “machine operator”, “motor driver”, “chassis driver” "(worker in an automatic machine shop, engine shop, chassis shop at automakers), " quantum transition"for physicists, "phoneme", "morpheme" for linguists, "field research" for sociologists, "dog" (a sheet with the specification of published material in the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines), etc. Some professionalisms fall into the fund general speech, for example, “overlay” meaning “mistake” (from the language of the actors).”

Professionalisms are words and expressions characteristic of the speech of any professional group.Professionalisms, along with terms, constitute a category of special vocabulary.Professionalisms are colloquial words, stylistically reduced, mainly denoting concepts associated with labor processes, their results, and are often doublets, synonyms of terms. Professionalisms are most often formed through narrowing semantic meaning common words through their

figurative use and, finally, through the abbreviation of phrases and words.” For example, the word “box” in the language of representatives of different professions can mean: “the frame of a building under construction,” “the basis of a window or doorway” (among builders); “ship, ship” (for sailors). In printing and publishing among many, “hanging line”, “eye error”, “reins”, “corridor”, “besiege the morale”, “flashlight”, “tail”, etc. are used. Professionalisms are limited both by the territory and the team in which they are used. Representatives of various branches of science, technology, and art, for the purpose of language economy, replace generally accepted scientific and technical terms with professionalisms.Professionalisms are used in informal oral speech. Professionalisms should not be included in business documents, as they fall under the category of professional jargon. From the sphere of narrow usage, professionalisms often enter the common language. This is greatly facilitated by periodicals, works of fiction, radio and television. In articles and books, professionalisms are explained either in the text itself, or in footnotes, in book and article dictionaries. In articles and booksprofessionalisms, as a rule, are enclosed in quotation marks, accompanied by the words: “as they say” (sailors, doctors, pilots, geologists, miners, engineers, athletes), “in the language” (hunters, fishermen, military men, athletes). Professionalisms often differ from words in a literary language in their pronunciation and grammatical features. For example, professionalisms may have a different emphasis (production, compass, report, spark, spill), different syntactic connection(geologists and prospectors are familiar with the professionalisms “oil exploration”, “coal exploration”, “gas exploration”). Professionalism is placed in different types special and philological dictionaries and reference books, receive appropriate development in them depending on the purpose and objectives of the reference manual. In explanatory dictionaries of the Russian literary language, in spelling dictionaries, in reference books on speech culture, professionalisms are accompanied either by the marks “simple.” ( colloquial word), "mor." (sea word), "sea colloquial." (sea colloquial word), "in professional speech" (in professional speech), "in

prof. decomposition speech" (in professional colloquial speech), etc.; or with the comment "among sailors", "in the speech of pilots", etc. Only those professionalisms that have received sufficient wide use outside professional areas. Professionalisms are a special group of words and expressions, which is one of the sources of replenishment vocabulary literary language.

Professional vocabulary includes words and expressions used in various fields human activities, which, however, have not become commonly used. Professionalisms serve to designate various production processes, production tools, raw materials, resulting products, etc. Unlike terms that are official scientific names of special concepts, professionalisms are perceived as “semi-official” words that do not have a strictly scientific character.

For example, in the oral speech of printers there are professionalisms: ending - “a graphic decoration at the end of a book”, tendril - “an ending with a thickening in the middle”, tail - “the lower outer margin of the page, as well as the lower edge of the book, opposite the head of the book.”

Under certain conditions, professionalisms find application in literary language. Thus, with insufficiently developed terminology, professionalisms often play the role of terms. In this case, they are found not only verbally, but also in writing. When using professionalisms in a scientific style, authors often explain them in the text (So-called light hay enjoys well-deserved notoriety, as low-nutrient food, with significant consumption of which cases of brittle bones in animals are noticed).

Professionalism is not uncommon in the language of large-circulation, trade newspapers (Putting down cars after the dissolution of a train and diverting shunting means for this, disbanding a train with the pushing of another). The advantage of professionalisms over their commonly used equivalents is that professionalisms serve to distinguish between related concepts, objects that for a non-specialist have one common name. Thereby special vocabulary for people of the same profession it is a means of precise and concise expression of thought. However, the informative value of narrowly professional names is lost if a non-specialist encounters them. Therefore, the use of professionalisms in newspapers requires caution.

The inclusion of professionalisms in the text is often undesirable. Thus, the use of highly specialized professionalism cannot be justified in a newspaper article. For example: at the mine it is very

Horizons are lowered and roads are not sloped in a timely manner - only a specialist can explain what he meant

IN book styles You should not use professional vocabulary because of its colloquial tone. For example: It is necessary to ensure that the charging of the furnaces does not exceed two hours, and the melting in the furnace lasts no longer than 6 hours and 30 minutes (better: It is necessary to ensure that the loading of the furnaces lasts no more than two hours, and the melting - six and a half).

Professionalisms are words or expressions characteristic of the speech of a particular professional group. Professionalisms usually act as colloquial equivalents of terms corresponding in meaning: a typo in the speech of newspapermen is a blunder; the steering wheel in the speech of drivers is a steering wheel; synchrophasotron in the speech of physicists - a saucepan, etc. Terms are legalized names of any special concepts, professionalisms are used as their unofficial substitutes only in the speech of persons associated with the profession, limited to a special topic. Often professionalisms have a local, local character. There is, however, a point of view according to which professionalism is synonymous with the concept of “term”. According to some researchers, professionalism is a “semi-official” name for a concept that is limited in use - the vocabulary of hunters, fishermen, etc.

Professionalisms are always expressive and are contrasted with the precision and stylistic neutrality of terms. Do not do it,

however, mix them with terms that are expressive in origin, for example: dirty cauldron - in sugar production ( food industry); such a term is the only option for defining the concept, and professionalism is always a synonym, a substitute for the main designation.

Professionalisms are similar to jargons and words of colloquial vocabulary in their reduced, rough expression, and also in the fact that they, like jargons and colloquialisms, are not an independent linguistic subsystem with

its grammatical features, but a certain lexical complex, relatively limited in quantitatively. Due to the expressiveness inherent in professionalism, they relatively easily pass into the vernacular, as well as into the colloquial speech of the literary language, for example: the overlay is “a mistake” (from an actor’s speech), the wiper is “a windshield wiper of a car” (from the speech of motorists).

Like terms, professionalisms are used in the language of fiction as visual medium.

Professional vocabulary includes words and expressions used in various fields of production, techniques that have not become commonly used. Unlike terms - the official scientific names of special concepts - professionalisms are used most often in oral speech and do not have a strictly scientific nature. Professionalisms serve to designate various production processes, production tools, raw materials, and manufactured products.

In the dictionary you can see two different labels for words, the use of which is typical for people of certain professions: colloquial and special. These definitions are needed to distinguish between specialized vocabulary and professionalisms.

Special words (terms) belong scientific style, professional words - colloquial. In some cases, professionalisms are used as formal terms. For example, a pipe bend.

Terms and professionalisms are given in explanatory dictionaries with the mark “special”; sometimes the field of use is indicated: medical, mathematical, technical. etc.

In artistic prose, professionalism and special terms are used not only for speech characteristics characters, but also for more accurate description production processes, relationships between people in official and professional settings. A. I. Kuprin, in order to accurately describe the heroes of his works, became a sailor, fisherman, officer...

Although professional and specialized vocabulary have a limited scope of use, there is a connection and interaction between them and common vocabulary. Literary language masters many special terms.

Professionalism often has a reduced stylistic coloring.

Professionalisms are words and expressions characteristic of the speech of representatives of a particular profession or field of activity, penetrating into general literary use (mainly in oral speech) and usually act as colloquial, emotionally charged equivalents of terms.

For example: Russian “knock out” - turn off (from the speech of electrical engineers), “batten down” - tightly close (from the speech of sailors). They penetrate into the general literary language thanks to their emotional expressiveness, as a rule, from professional vernacular, characteristic of representatives of popular this period(“fashionable”) professions (at the beginning of the 20th century - electricians, motorists, pilots, later - film workers, athletes, astronauts). In fiction they are used as a means of verbal characterization of characters. Like other means of emotional expressiveness (cf. slang), professionalisms usually quickly become outdated; in a general literary language are fixed in the event of a loss of stylistic marking (“land”), in this case they can even become a model for the formation of new words of the literary language (cf. “land” - “land” - “lunar”). Professionalisms are studied in lexicology and stylistics.

Professionalism. A word or expression characteristic of the speech of a particularanother professional group. To issue to the mountain (in the speech of miners: from the mine to the surface of the earth). Ant coop, fescue, vulture (in the speech of hunters: names of varieties of brown bear). Flask (in the speech of sailors: half an hour). Basement (in the speech of printers: an article occupying the bottom of a newspaper page).

In the 6th grade of MKOU "Volnovskaya Secondary School" there are 18 students. During the work, we conducted an experimental survey of parents of 6th grade students. Sixth-graders have 12 non-working parents (among them 8 housewives), 18 working parents (among them 3 private entrepreneurs).

As a result of the survey, the professionalism of parents in the following professions was found out: hairdresser, military man, drivers (3), nurses, orderlies, head of the post office, electricians (2), cooks.

Work by 6th grade student Anastasia Borisova.

My mother is a hairdresser and manicurist. In his speech he uses professional words.

Thinning is a method of cutting hair.

Bobbins are tools for chemical and biological permanents.

Permanent is a hair curling product.

Musk is a substance of animal origin used in the preparation of cosmetics.

Curlers are tools for curling hair.

Manicure is a procedure for treating fingernails.

Pedicure is a procedure for treating toenails.

Bleaching – lightening hair.

Whitening, steaming, cleaning – cosmetic procedures.

My dad is a former military man, so he used the following words in his speech:

stand on the nightstand

scrub – clean, wash.

hemming

stripes - narrow transverse stripes on shoulder straps.

reading orders

small formation

big formation.

Work by 6th grade student Galina Sarazhina.

My mother worked as a cook and often used the following words in her speech:

Pasteurization is the processing of food products by heating (not higher than 100 degrees) in order to protect them from the development of microbes.

Marinating - preparing something in a marinade (in 1 meaning).

Sterilize – make sterile.

Salt – 2. Cook, preserve in salty solution.

Ferment – oxidize, ferment.

Dry – make dry.

Freeze - 1. Expose to cold, let freeze, harden.

My dad worked as a driver. In his speech he used the following professionalisms:

A carburetor is a device in which carburetion occurs: the formation of a flammable mixture of liquid fuel and air.

A battery is a device for storing energy for subsequent use.

Heating

Tire – 1. Rubber or iron hoop on the rim of a wheel.

Rescue pillow

Reel - in various industries: a type of coil, roller for winding something.

Spare wheel - spare tire

Steering wheel

A janitor is a car windshield wiper.

Work by 6th grade student Danil Dobrovolsky.

My mother is a nurse. In a hospital, when communicating between employees, you can hear the following professionalisms:

Cyanosis is a change in the color of the nasolabial triangle.

Infants are children aged from 1 day to 1 year.

Patronage is a nurse visiting children at home.

Pastosity is swelling of the subcutaneous tissues.

Jaundice – hemolytic syndrome.

Dropper -1. A groove in the neck of a bottle for pouring medicine in drops, as well as the bottle itself with such a groove. 2. Same as pipette.

A syringe is a medical instrument - a cylinder with a piston and a needle for injecting or suctioning liquids.

My dad is an electrician at KEAgro LLC. Electricians use some professional words in speech and at home.

Socket is a cavity in the insulator cap or ear, which is an element of a spherical connection.

An insulated conductor is a conductive conductor covered with insulation.

Monospiral is a channel thread twisted into a spiral.

Troika is a group of three insulated conductors arranged parallel in one row or twisted.

Work by 6th grade student Tatyana Morozova.

My mother is the head of the postal department of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Post” and often uses the following words in her speech:

Postal item - letter, postcard, parcel, parcel post, small package.

FSP-2 - receipt book for checkout printed publications clients.

The FVO electronic diary is a diary that reflects all the receipts of money for the day and their expenditure: receipt of electricity, electronic transfers, sale of goods, ZPO, receipt of parcels, reinforcements from the main cash register for issuing pensions; payment of electronic transfers, pensions, payment of utilities, sending excess money to the main cash desk.

ZPO - postage signs: stamps, postcards, stamped envelopes, postcards.

Conclusion

During this study The professionalism of parents of 6th grade students was reviewed, and work began on creating family explanatory dictionaries. We consider the research work unfinished, since there remains a group of uninterviewed parents, in whose speech we have not yet found out the professionalisms they use.

List of references and other sources

1 Large encyclopedic Dictionary/ Ch. ed. V. N. Yartseva. - 2nd ed. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1998.

2 Vovk S.M. Professionalism in the speech of my family members. // Russian language. Methodical newspaper for language teachers. - M.: Publishing House“First of September”, 2010.- No. 18

3 Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary / Ch. ed. V. N. Yartseva. - M.: Sov. encyclopedia, 1990.

4 Rosenthal D. E. and Telenkova M. A. Dictionary-reference book linguistic terms. Manual for teachers. Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional – M.: Education, 1976.

Without understanding their meaning, we feel a little out of place when these words apply directly to us. Words that characterize specialized processes and phenomena from any specific branch of knowledge are professional vocabulary.

Definition of professional vocabulary

This type of vocabulary is special words or figures of speech, expressions that are actively used by any person. These words are a little isolated because they are not used large mass of the country's population, only a small part of it that has received a specific education. Words of professional vocabulary are used to describe or explain production processes and phenomena, tools of a particular profession, raw materials, final result labor and the rest.

The place of this type of vocabulary in the language system used by a particular nation

There are several important issues concerning different aspects professionalisms that are still studied by linguists. One of them: “What is the role and place of professional vocabulary in the national language system?”

Many argue that the use of professional vocabulary is appropriate only within a certain specialty, so it cannot be called national. Since the formation of the language of specialties in most cases occurs artificially, according to its criteria it does not fit the characteristics of commonly used vocabulary. Its main feature is that such vocabulary is formed in the course of natural communication between people. In addition, the formation and formation of a national language can take a fairly long period, which cannot be said about professional lexical units. Today, linguists and linguists agree that professional vocabulary is not a literary language, but it has its own structure and characteristics.

The difference between professional vocabulary and terminology

Not all ordinary people know that the terminology and language of the specialty differ from each other. These two concepts are differentiated based on their historical development. Terminology arose relatively recently; language refers to this concept modern technology and science. Professional vocabulary reached its peak of development during the times of craft production.

The concepts also differ in terms of their official use. Terminology is used in scientific publications, reports, conferences, and specialized institutions. In other words, it is official language specific science. The vocabulary of professions is used “semi-officially”, that is, not only in special articles or scientific works. Specialists of a certain profession can use it in the course of work and understand each other, while it will be difficult for an uninitiated person to understand what they are saying. Professional vocabulary, examples of which we will consider below, has some opposition to terminology.

Availability emotional coloring speech and imagery - lack of expression and emotionality, as well as imagery of terms.
Special vocabulary is limited conversational style- the terms do not depend on the usual style of communication.
Some range of deviation from the norm professional communication- strict compliance with professional language standards.

Based on the listed characteristics of terms and professional vocabulary, many experts are inclined to the theory that the latter refers to professional vernacular. The difference in these concepts can be determined by comparing them with each other (steering wheel - steering wheel, system unit - system unit, motherboard- motherboard and others).

Types of words in professional vocabulary

Professional vocabulary consists of several groups of words:

professionalism;
technicalisms;
professional slang words.

They call it professionalism lexical units that are not strictly scientific in nature. They are considered “semi-official” and are needed to designate any concept or process in production, inventory and equipment, material, raw materials, and so on.

Technicalisms are words of professional vocabulary that are used in the field of technology and are used only by a limited circle of people. They are highly specialized, that is, it will not be possible to communicate with a person who is not initiated into a certain profession.

Professional slang words are characterized by reduced expressive coloring. Sometimes these concepts are completely illogical and can only be understood by a specialist in a particular field.

In what cases is professional vocabulary used in literary language?

Varieties of specialized language can often be used in literary publications, oral and sometimes professionalisms, technicalisms and professional jargon can replace terms when the language of a specific science is poorly developed.

But there is a danger of widespread use of professionalism in periodicals- it is difficult for a non-specialist to distinguish between concepts that are close in meaning, so many may make mistakes in the processes, materials and products of a particular production. Excessive saturation of the text with professionalism prevents it from being perceived correctly; the meaning and style are lost for the reader.

Professionalisms– these are special words used in everyday life among professionals. Professionalisms are “unofficial” names of special phenomena and concepts of the profession; they constitute professional jargon.

An important difference between professionalisms and terms is that professionalisms are relevant primarily in the colloquial speech of people of a particular profession, sometimes being a kind of unofficial synonyms of special names. Often they are reflected in dictionaries, but always with the mark “professional”. Unlike terms - the official scientific names of special concepts, professionalisms function primarily in oral speech as “semi-official” words that do not have a strictly scientific character. These words form a lexical layer, which is also sometimes called professional slang or professional jargon.

For example, in the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, a specialist involved in the selection of illustrations is called build editor. Build editor is a term. However, in the actual production process it is most often called for short build– this is professionalism, professional jargon. Build trampled all the photos according to the layout– undoubtedly, this sentence uses professionalisms, but not terms (With terms, the same phrase would sound more cumbersome. In addition, terms often have a foreign language origin and are difficult to pronounce, which also does not contribute to their use in business conversation. By the way, this is why Professionalisms often become reduced terms: build editor – build, calipers(special measuring ruler) – barbell and so on.).

Professionalism simplifies speech and makes it more suitable for quick everyday support of production processes.

Professionalisms, like terms, can be grouped according to the area of their use: in the speech of economists, financiers, athletes, miners, doctors, hunters, fishermen, etc. A special group includes technicalisms - highly specialized names used in the field of technology.

Professionalisms most often serve to designate various production processes, production tools, raw materials, manufactured products, etc. In other words, they designate phenomena for which the use of terms, although possible, is cumbersome and unprincipled. In addition, professionalism is often the result of creative rethinking, “mastering” a highly specialized phenomenon. These are the words spare tire(spare tire for car mechanics and drivers), corral(spare texts prepared by newspaper editors), paws And herringbone(types of quotation marks used by proofreaders and printers). Such professionalisms, easily and in their own way replacing terms, make special speech more lively, simple and mastered, easier for quick use and understanding.

For example, the following professionalisms are used in the speech of printers: ending– graphic decoration at the end of the book, clogged font– worn out, worn-out font due to outdated linotype printing, etc. Journalists prepare the future text, called a draft fish or dog. Engineers jokingly call it a self-recording device sneaker. In the speech of pilots there are words underdose,peremaz, meaning undershoot and overshoot of the landing mark, as well as: bubble, sausage– balloon, give the goat– landing the plane hard, causing it to bounce after touching the ground, etc. Many of these professionalisms have an evaluative or understated tone.

In the professional speech of actors, they use a complex abbreviated name chief manager; in the colloquial speech of builders and repairmen, the professional name for major repairs is used capital; specialists who build and maintain computer systems in companies are system administrators. On fishing boats, workers who gut fish (usually by hand) are called shkershchiki. Bankers in a conversation among themselves instead of the term car loans use the word car loans, officials call housing and communal services communal apartment, and the social sphere - social media etc.

Many professional words have entered into wide business and colloquial use: give out on the mountain, storming, turnover and so on.

Professional vocabulary is indispensable for the laconic and precise expression of thoughts in special texts intended for a trained reader or listener. However, the information content of highly professional names decreases if a non-specialist encounters them. Therefore, professionalism is appropriate, say, in large-circulation industry (departmental) newspapers and is not justified in publications aimed at a wide readership.

Professionalisms, being predominantly words for colloquial use, often have a reduced stylistic connotation, being, in fact, slang words. This should also be taken into account when using professionalisms in an official situation or in official publications. They may not only be incomprehensible outside a professional audience, but also sound risky for the reputation of the person using them.

On the other hand, skillful use of professional jargon can even give official speech richness, color, will help demonstrate knowledge of the subject, characteristic of a professional who has regular and direct contact with the work environment. A top manager of one large oil company, a professor and doctor of sciences, said that when you go on a business trip to the north, then you should never talk at the rig production– Oil workers simply won’t talk to you. It is imperative to speak like them: to Mining. Then you are a person from the industry, and they recognize you as one of their own. Thus, the manager deliberately deviates from the accentological (sometimes lexical) norms of the Russian language in order to speak the same language as specialists.

The use of professionalisms, as well as the word “professionalism” itself, in everyday speech

Research by Irina Chernyshova, Dasha Novikova and Zosia Kostrova

Purpose of the work: to find out whether people use professionalism in everyday life.

Ways to carry out work:

1). Survey using a questionnaire

2). Observations

3). Analysis of the results obtained

4). Comparison of the received data and bringing them together into a single whole

Work plan:
1). Introduction - theoretical part

2). Results in chart form

3).Analysis of results

4).Conclusion

Professionalisms are always expressive and are contrasted with the precision and stylistic neutrality of terms. Professionalisms are similar to jargons and words of colloquial vocabulary in their reduced, rough expression, and also in the fact that they, like jargons and colloquialisms, are not an independent linguistic subsystem with its own grammatical features, but a kind of small lexical complex. Due to the expressiveness inherent in professionalisms, they relatively easily pass into the vernacular, as well as into the colloquial speech of the literary language. For example: the cover is “a mistake” (from the actor’s speech), the wiper is “a car windshield wiper” (from the speech of motorists).

Like terms, professionalisms are used in the language of fiction as a means of representation.

And so, we found out that professionalisms are words characteristic of a particular profession, sometimes close to jargon.

At the second stage of our work, we conducted a survey among people of various professions. In particular, teachers.

Here are the examples we received:

From the examples described above, it is clear that many (about 92%) do not perceive the word “professionalism” well. Some Russian language teachers insisted that the word “professionalism” in this meaning does not exist at all. From which we can conclude that the term “professionalism” itself refers to professional vocabulary.