How to do punctuation analysis of a sentence 5. Examples of using punctuation analysis of written speech

When writing various kinds of texts, many of us face the problem of the correct use of punctuation marks. Often there are situations when the author of the text skips the necessary commas, does not work correctly with direct speech, and makes other punctuation errors. For correction these deficiencies and improvements common work with speech it is recommended to use punctuation parsing proposal, which is important tool parsing text.

Working with punctuation analysis of a sentence allows you to “hone” correct use punctograms (specific cases of application punctuation rule), learn to determine the boundaries of semantic segments in a sentence, use in practice the norms of punctuation marks.

When conducting a punctuation analysis, they analyze the structure of the sentence, the presence of main and secondary members, the number of parts of the sentence, its intonation features, the order of the members of the sentence, and so on.

Order of punctuation text analysis

Let's move on to the direct algorithm for punctuation analysis of a sentence. It usually looks like this:

Explanations for punctuation marks

If the sentence we are analyzing carries a complete message that speaks of some action, event, or fact that is affirmed or denied, then such a sentence is narrative. If the sentence contains a question, it is interrogative, and if the sentence contains an order or request, then such a sentence is motivating. When there is an understatement in the sentence, or the speech is interrupted by a pause, it is worth using an ellipsis at the end.

When analyzing a complex sentence, determine the number of its parts, and the features of the connection between these parts (allied or non-union, subordinating, coordinating). Having decided on the specifics of the connection, you will be able to understand the need to use one or another sign between the parts of the sentence under consideration.

Highlighting signs(comma, dash, brackets, quotation marks, colon) are used to highlight especially significant parts of a sentence. Such significant elements can be introductory words, appeals, phrases, sentences, circumstances and additions, homogeneous members proposals clarifying and explanatory terms suggestions.

Dividing marks(comma, semicolon, dash, colon) in a simple sentence indicate the boundaries between homogeneous members (comma and semicolon are usually used). In a complex sentence, they help to separate the simple sentences that make up the specified complex sentence.

When analyzing direct speech, determine where the words of the author are located, and where the direct speech is located. If direct speech is before the words of the author or after the words of the author, then use rule of four punctuation marks, if direct speech is interrupted by the words of the author, then apply the rule of seven punctuation marks.

Examples of using punctuation analysis of written speech

Consider examples of punctuation analysis of simple and complex sentences.

Simple sentence example

As an example simple sentence let's take a suggestion:

"The words 'language' and 'speech' to a non-linguist usually mean the same thing."

Let's designate the punctograms available in this sentence by numbers:

The words "language" and "speech" for a person who (1) is not engaged in linguistics, (2) usually mean the same thing. (3)

Let's analyze the offer:

Complex sentence example

As an example of a complex sentence, take the sentence:

“Of course, the modern Russian language is different from the one spoken and written by Pushkin, Gogol, Karamzin and Turgenev.”

Let's designate each available punctogram in the sentence with numbers:

Of course, (1) the modern Russian language is different from that (2) spoken and written by Pushkin, (3) Gogol, (4) Karamzin and Turgenev. (5).

Let's analyze the offer:

First, explain the punctogram at the end of the sentence. Since we are dealing with narrative sentence, where there is a complete thought, then there should be a point (5).
Comma (2) separates adnexal part complex sentence from main;
The comma (1) is used to separate the introductory word from the rest of the sentence;
Commas (3) and (4) separate homogeneous members of the sentence.

Conclusion

Punctuation analysis of the text consists in a consistent explanation of the punctograms used in the sentence under consideration. Its implementation requires knowledge of the necessary rules of the Russian language in the context of the use of punctuation marks in a particular sentence. I recommend using the tips given in this article to perform punctuation parsing of the text you need.

In the study of punctuation parsing, it is important to highlight the basic principles:

search for a grammatical basis;
search for those involved or participle turns;
search for introductory structures.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the main steps in the algorithm for punctuation parsing a sentence:

First of all, you need to pay attention to the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. By whether there is a period, a question mark or an ellipsis at the end of the sentence, the reader determines the emotional coloring of the statement. It is necessary that the student could explain in detail and clearly why this particular punctuation mark was chosen.
The next step is to define the sentence structure. The number of punctuation marks depends on whether a simple sentence is in front of us or a complex one. In order for students to easily distinguish a simple sentence from a complex one, they must be able to independently determine not only grammatical basis sentences, but also the type of the subordinate clause.
Next, analyze the functions of each punctuation mark; we remind you that they can be separating and highlighting.

Students should understand the difference between the use of dividing and emphasizing marks.

To distinguishing marks include dashes, colons, commas, quotation marks, and brackets. With their help, separations, definitions and generalizations, etc. are distinguished.

To separating marks include comma, semicolon, dash, colon. Signs are intended to separate homogeneous members of a sentence, parts of a compound sentence, etc.

Immediately before the punctuation analysis, teachers recommend analyzing the proposal for the composition with compulsory allocation grammatical basis, homogeneous members of the sentence, definitions and circumstances.
The graphic scheme of the sentence, compiled on the basis of the analysis of the sentence by composition, will greatly simplify the punctuation analysis.
The final point is punctuation analysis.

Examples

We propose to consolidate the information received in practice. Students need to have an accurate understanding of what the teacher is asking them to do, so it is important to provide them with a sample debrief.

Example 1

[A trapezoid was pushed into the opening of the half-open window sunlight], 1 (upper corner which touched the edge of the mirror cabinet).(D. Rubina)

Grammatical bases: the trapezoid is pushed in, the angle touches.
The main clause and the subordinate clause are separated by a comma.

[The boys looked at each other and, 1 |without taking their eyes off me|, 2 began to back away slowly and cautiously]. (K. Paustovsky)

Grammatical basis: the boys looked at each other and began to back away.
There is a period at the end of the sentence, because the sentence is narrative and is a complete statement.
Dee is separated into a sentence with two commas participial.

| Straining and turning purple |, 1 (the sun plopped down behind the stanitsa cemetery), 2 (and twilight swirled blue over the brushwood behind me). (M. Sholokhov)

Grammatical bases: the sun plopped down, twilight swirled.
There is a period at the end of the sentence, because the sentence is narrative and is a complete statement.
The sentence has two punctuation marks. In the first case, a comma separates two homogeneous gerunds, and in the second case, a comma separates parts of a compound sentence.

It should be summed up. If the student is able to remember this simple algorithm, then he will master the punctuation analysis of the sentence to perfection.

Modern schoolchildren, according to educational program, study several types of analysis: phonetic, lexical, morphological, morphemic, syntactic and punctuation analysis of a sentence. Each of them has its own distinctive features and difficult to understand moments.

Definition

Many students and their parents wonder what punctuation analysis of a sentence means. It is designed to find and clarify the punctuation marks in the sentence. The ability to punctuate a sentence can improve general level student's literacy. Parsing a simple (PP) and complex (SP) sentence has its own distinctive features.

Parsing a simple sentence

Read the proposed text for analysis.
Assign a number to all punctuation marks present in the text.
Mark the punctogram that completes the sentence, explain the reason for its statement.
Identify and explain all the signs found in the sentence.

It is according to this plan that the punctuation analysis of the sentence is carried out. A sample parsing is shown below.

Analysis examples

As an example, let's take a punctuation parsing of a sentence:

1. I can entrust this secret to a man who knows how to keep his mouth shut.

2.Haven't you seen people running down the street holding flags, posters, Balloons?

Step one. The sentence is interrogative in terms of the purpose of the utterance and intonation. Therefore, it ends with a question mark.

Step two. Having assigned a number to punctuation marks, we determine their number in the sentence:

Haven't you seen people running down the street (1), holding flags (2), posters (3), balloons (4) in their hands?

Step three. The sentence has one grammatical basis you did not see.

The comma at number one highlights the participial turnover. Commas numbered two and three separate homogeneous members of the sentence flags, posters, balloons, expressed by additions.

Parsing a complex sentence

The punctuation parsing of a sentence of this kind is somewhat more complicated.

1. Read the sentence.

2. Assign a serial number to all punctuation marks in the sentence.

3. Designate the punctogram that completes the sentence and explain its formulation.

4. Designate punctuation marks at the level of joint venture and explain the reason for their setting.

5. Explain the placement of punctuation marks in parts of the joint venture.

Analysis examples

As an example, we propose to conduct a punctuation analysis of a sentence:

1.We probably won't see Sergei again, since the offense inflicted on him can hardly be easily forgotten.

Step one. A full stop is put at the end of the sentence, because in terms of purpose, the statement is narrative, in terms of intonation it is non-exclamatory.

Step two. The numbering showed the presence of five punctuation marks in the sentence:

Probably (1), we will not see Sergey (2) again, since the offense (3) inflicted on him (4) can hardly be easily forgotten (5).

Step three. This proposal is complex. Parts of a complex sentence are connected subordinating union insofar as. The comma stands on the border of the main and subordinate clauses.

Step four. A comma stands out in the main clause introductory word probably. In the subordinate part, commas separate the participial turnover inflicted on him.

2. I am sure that you will complete this assignment, because you appreciate my location, you want to be promoted.

Step one. The sentence ends with a dot because it is declarative, non-exclamatory.

Step two. There are four punctuation marks in the sentence:

I am sure (1) that you will complete this assignment (2) because you appreciate my location (3), you want to be promoted (4).

Step three. This sentence consists of one main and two subordinate clauses, which are separated from each other by commas numbered one and two.

Step four. In the main part and the first subordinate clause there are no punctuation marks. In the second subordinate clause, a comma at number three separates homogeneous predicates appreciate and want to advance.

If the student knows what punctuation analysis of a sentence means, he will not allow blunders in punctuation marks. Thus, he will significantly improve his academic performance and increase the chances of getting a decent mark during the final exams. This is important, because how well the student passes them depends on his future admission to the university. And even such a trifle as an erroneous punctuation mark can deprive him of much-needed points.

Knowing the rules of punctuation greatly contributes to the ordering of spelling and the elimination of illiteracy. Punctuation is a science whose priority is the correct formulation (the term came to Russian from Latin and literally means “point”), is closely related by syntax (the concept comes from Greek word"military system") - a section of grammar, which aims to study the speech system, parts and components that make it up. In the complex

these disciplines are studied and punctuation analysis is performed.

Following the linguist A. A. Shakhmatov, modern syntax scientists recognize the central
syntactic unit sentence, which is the minimum model in speech communication. It has the form of intonation-closed syntactic construction expressing the actual situation or the process of thinking, imagination. And simple, and fit this definition.

The main object of attention in the syntax of a sentence is its positional components (this includes phrases, word forms at the level of interpositional and intrapositional syntactic connection, to formal indicators which include the presence of conjunctions, inflections, prepositions). The main principle of the language structure is not to complicate the use of punctuation marks unnecessarily (which at the same time facilitates punctuation parsing), but at the same time, the need to preserve the flexibility of the syntactic system is taken into account in order to express the semantic shades and features of the text as fully as possible. From here, a variation in the formulation of A inevitably arises, if we also take into account the possibility of an individual author's arrangement, then punctuation analysis becomes noticeably more complicated.

In order to accurately put one or another punctuation mark, you must follow certain rules. And for this, in turn, you need to be able to distinguish (know the features of the use of each of them and basic information on them), find a predicative center, have an idea about minor members sentences, feel intonation pauses, understand the difference in the expression of the author's emotions and highlight them appropriately in writing. This includes the concept of "punctuation parsing", and also explains the close interweaving and interconnection of syntax, punctuation, and morphology.

Which can be used in the text: dot (expresses the completeness of thought), interrogative (contains a question), exclamation (transmission method

special emotions, feelings) signs, ellipsis (in case of understatement, incompleteness), comma (set in order to divide, highlight, separate homogeneous members, introductory constructions, direct speech, appeals, isolated constructions, parts of a complex sentence), semicolon (typical for the most part for non-union complex sentences), dash (used in both simple and complex sentences, in dialogues, direct speech), colon (similar to a dash), quotation marks (characteristic of direct speech), brackets (to provide additional information).

That is, generalizing the above, we can imagine an algorithm by which the punctuation parsing of a sentence is performed:

Designate according to the purpose of the statement, according to intonational features.
Define simple or complex.
Find predicative structures and minor members.
If simple - characterize from this point of view (two-part / one-part, complete / incomplete, common / not common, complicated or not).

For complex - to identify the type of connection (subordination / composition / non-union / with various types) and the means of its transmission (intonation, union, allied or correlative words).

Explain the appropriateness of all punctuation marks (periods, commas, dashes, colons, etc.), both at the end of the sentence and within its parts.
Make a diagram.

Acting in this way, you will be able to analyze any offer.