Morphological analysis participles">

Russian language
7th grade

§ 25. Morphological analysis of the sacrament

The order of parsing the sacrament

1. Part of speech. General value.
2. Morphological features.
   1. initial form(nominative singular masculine).
   2. Permanent signs: a) real or passive; b) time; c) view.
   3. Non-permanent signs: a) full or short form (for passive participles); b) case (for participles in full form); c) number; d) kind.
3. Syntactic role.

Sample parsing

The steppe, which has cooled overnight, is shrouded in a gray fog.

Oral analysis

cooled down- participle.

First, it denotes a sign by action: steppe(what?) cooled down.

Secondly, the initial form cooled down has constant morphological features: real participle, past tense, perfect look.

Here it is used in the nominative case, in singular, in the feminine - these are its inconstant signs.

Third, in a sentence is a definition.

Written analysis

cooled down- participle.

1. Steppe(which?) cooled down.
2. N. f - cooled down.

   Fast. - action, past vr., owl. view; non-post. - I. p., units. h., w. R.

3. Which steppe? cooled down .

152. Read the text aloud using enumerative intonation. Disassemble the participles: two in writing, the rest orally.

Kolya painted the fields, which were harvested at the end of August. A large series of watercolors depicted either a field before the rain, or a river and bushes obediently quiet in anticipation of an impending thunderstorm, or the expanse of meadows, stitched with the first threads of rain, or the sky that had just been washed by a recent downpour, flooded valleys, trees with heavy foliage.

(According to L. Kassil)

watercolor
aquarium
scuba

Participle is an unconjugated form of a verb that has a certain lexical meaning - to show the procedural attribute of an object. Distinctive feature This part of speech lies in the fact that it has the features of two others at once - an adjective and a verb. The name came from Latin word"participium", which in translation means "participating".

What did the participle borrow from the verb?

The morphological analysis of the participle requires a serious approach, since when performing this procedure, it is necessary to take into account a large number of available signs from the verb and adjective. The verb and the participle are connected by a similar lexical meaning, and sometimes it actively makes itself felt. For example, the verb "blush" has the meaning "become red", the participle "blushing" has the same meaning. In addition, the verb and the participle have common morphological features that appear in the analysis of the categories of aspect, transitivity and intransitivity, voice and tense. Of particular note are the passive participles, which are formed from transitive verbs. Participles and verbs can equally control a noun in a sentence, this is another similar feature.

Adjective signs in participles

Communion has common features and with an adjective. Primarily we are talking about the same grammatical features (suffix, ending, stem). Also, these two parts of speech have the same dependent categories named type(gender, number, case), which will depend on the categories of the noun with which the participle agrees. Passive past participles have full and short forms, which is why they are similar to quality adjectives. The participle can borrow syntactic functions in a sentence from an adjective and play the role of an agreed definition or nominal part of a compound nominal predicate.

Morphological analysis of the sacrament: school level

In order to understand exactly how to parse the sacrament, it is necessary to decide how to perceive it: how independent part speech or specific form verb. It is in determining the status of the participle that the most important difficulty arises here, which is reflected in reference books on linguistics. In all textbooks used in secondary schools, the participle is described as a special form of the verb. It is there that a scheme for parsing the participle is given, which corresponds to the understanding of this part of speech in the status of an independent one. Some linguists believe that if the participle plays the role of an independent part of speech, then its real and passive past and present forms should be considered as separate words. AT this case the following parsing scheme should be used: indicate the participle in the initial form (noting gender, number, case), morphological features of a word of constant type (reflexivity, tense, aspect, passive / real) and inconstant type (number, gender, form and case). In its form, the participle can be complete and incomplete, and the case is indicated only for the word in the first form. Then you should indicate the syntactic role of the participle within the sentence.

Parsing the sacrament at the university level

The morphological analysis of the participle is actively used not only in the study of the Russian language in school level but also at university. AT last case a more in-depth version of the parsing is used, which makes it possible to obtain complete picture by the word under study, which can be useful if necessary to obtain information about its origin. This parsing occurs according to the following scheme: a word is indicated inside the text, a part of speech, categorical meaning, the initial form of the participle + a question to it and semantic question. You should also specify verb stem, from which the participle was formed, along with the suffix used to create given word. Additional categories are indicated: type, recurrence (indicated by real participles), voice, tense and transitivity (indicated for real participles). Also, when performing this analysis, it is necessary to indicate the form of the participle (short or full) and note its indicators; clarify the noun with which it agrees, and indicate the concordant categories (gender, number, case). Finally, you need to specify the syntactic functions of the participle.

How to parse a short participle?

Passive participles have a full and short form and thus need special treatment. The morphological analysis of a short participle is carried out according to the following scheme: the attribute of the subject, the question for the participle, the initial form are indicated. It is also necessary to specify a number morphological features: time, type, recurrence, form, number, gender. There is no need to define case here, because short participles impossible to bend. You also need to specify syntactic function words within a sentence. Short participles should be parsed in a special way, they can change by gender and number. In a sentence, they can play the role of the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate, this should be taken into account when performing the analysis. It should be remembered that short participles can coincide with short adjectives, and it can sometimes be very difficult to distinguish them from each other. Short adjectives can have lexical meaning a sign of an action that is carried out in a certain time period. Brief passive participles usually denote a sign of an object that is the result of an action committed in the past.

What else can be confused with short participles?

According to some linguists, short passive participles can be similar to functional homonyms ending in "that" and "but": covered, removed, smoky. These grammatical homonyms are called participle predicatives (words of the state category) and are distinguished into a separate part of speech. Brief passive participles can be used in two-part sentences, they must necessarily agree with nouns and noun pronouns in some nominal categories. These word forms can perform the function of the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate.

Participle: morphological analysis of the part of speech

It is necessary to perform a morphological analysis of the participle to determine its belonging to one form or another. Otherwise, when performing the analysis, you can make a serious mistake and indicate the part of speech incorrectly. Reference books may be used, if necessary. additional literature, which allows you to determine the part of speech as accurately as possible.

The special position of the sacrament in Russian

This part of speech has a dual nature, therefore it takes special place in the Russian language system. Back in 1757, M.V. Lomonosov stated that the sacrament should be considered as a special part of speech, at that time such a decision was made on the basis of the available ancient traditions. In the 20th century, some linguists continued to lobby for this idea, arguing that the sacrament has every right to receive a separate position. There was also a point of view according to which the participle should be considered a verbal form of the adjective. Now this opinion is not so popular, but its followers still insist on it. There is a third opinion, according to him, scientists agree with the hybridity of the participle, but argue that its connection with the verb is too strong. That is why it is not possible to single out the sacrament into a separate category. This point of view is shared by the leading linguists of the 20th century, taking into account the famous “Russian Grammar-80”, which is used today as one of the leading textbooks in linguistics, was compiled.

The grammatical signs of participles, unfortunately, do not reveal any one dictionary. This part of speech is quite difficult to learn, and study guides, teachers do not always present such topics in an accessible way. Therefore, you have to figure it out yourself, look for participle examples, study the morphological analysis of the participle online in order to master the information at a high level.

Participles are related to verbs, but answer the questions of the adjective: which one? which? etc. For example: Find out - recognize, run - running. "Guessing" this part of speech is obtained with the help of suffixes, they are highlighted in the article large.

Participles, when they denote an action performed by someone on their own, are called real. If this action is performed on someone, then this participle is passive. Examples: Departed - he himself left - a valid voice, asphalted - he was asphalted - passive.

Morphological parsing of the participle is a definition grammatical features. Part of the signs of the sacrament is taken from adjectives (case, gender, number). Participles are always associated with some kind of noun: Cafe (what?) Closed, story (what?) Read. For example: MAGAZINES READ instrumental case, plural. To the purchased ticket - unity. number, dative male. The initial form is considered unit. number, m. gender, names. case.

Participles can be short: realized, closed, sawn, combed. Short words in the sentence will be predicates (this is their syntactic role). Complete will be definitions.

The rest of the signs are from the verb. For a better understanding of them, you need to study here the morphological analysis of the sacrament online for free. The signs are associated with the verb from which the participle came: to throw is a transitive, irrevocable, perfective verb. This means that the participle "thrown" is also irrevocable, transitive, perfect. kind. The time of communion is not difficult to determine by the meaning: shooting - now shooting - the present, SEEING - he has already been seen - the past. It is important to remember: the future participles never have!

Let's remember the terminology. Transitivity allows you to connect with a noun in the accusative or genitive case without a preposition. Those. who can be overcome? or what? - laziness, opponent, fighter. Therefore, "overcome" - transitive verb, and “overcome” is a transitive participle.

The perfect form of the verb, if it answers the question "what to do?". Imperfect view - the question "what to do?"

The recurrence of the participle, the verb is the presence of -СЫ- or -СЯ- at the end. Otherwise, they are considered non-refundable.

If it is difficult to identify features, suffix information can be used. By suffixes it is easy to find out whether it is real or passive, as well as time:

For valid present tenses, the suffix will be -USCH-, -YuShch-, -AShch- or -YaSch-;

The real past has the suffixes -Sh- or -VSh-;

Present passives are distinguished by the suffix -OM-, -EM- or -IM-;

Passive past - suffix -НН-, -ЭНН- or -Т-.

We present a morphological analysis of the participle sample, and we will analyze the participle from the sentence: "Clouds floated over the sleeping village."

(Above) falling asleep - communion.

1. Over the village (what?) - falling asleep. The initial form is falling asleep.

2. Permanent (i.e., immutable) features: real, real. time, imperfect view; Non-permanent (changing from text to text) signs: unity. number, male gender, instrumental case.

3. A village (what?) falling asleep. In the sentence it will be a definition, underline with a wavy line.

Enter a word without errors:

Enter any word, then click "parse". After that, you will receive an analysis in which the part of speech, case, gender, tense and everything else will be written. Because parsing is performed out of context, then several parsing options may be offered, among which you will need to choose the correct one. Parsing is done automatically by the computer, so sometimes there may be errors. Be careful, online parsing is meant to help, not mindless rewriting. Note about the letter Yo: do not replace it with E.

Press Ctrl+D to bookmark the service for future reference.

In order not to experience difficulties in the scheme morphological analysis words or in the order of parsing, you should not automatically memorize the sequence and principle of parsing. It is best to focus on selection common features parts of speech, and then move on to particular features of this form. Wherein general logic parsing must be saved. Parts of speech will also help you.

The following examples of morphological parsing will allow you to understand the scheme of parsing the words of a sentence in Russian. However, it should be remembered that the presence of a text is a prerequisite for the correct analysis of parts of speech, because morphological analysis is a characteristic of a word (as a part of speech), taking into account the specifics of its use.

Consider examples morphological analysis.

Morphological analysis of a noun

1. initial form (in the nominative case, singular);
2. own or common noun;
3. animate or inanimate;
4. declination
5. number;
6. case;
7. role in the proposal.

Noun(parsing sample):
Text: Babies love to drink milk.
Milk is a noun, the initial form is milk, common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension, in accusative, singular (no plural), direct object.

Adjective parsing plan

1. the initial form is the infinitive (nominative case, singular);
2. category (qualitative, relative or possessive);
3. short or complete (only about quality);
4. degree of comparison (only qualitative);
5. gender (only about the singular);
6. case;
7. number;
8. role in the proposal.

Adjective(parsing sample):
Text: Alyonushka collected a full basket of mushrooms.
Full - adjective, initial form - full; quality: complete; in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, in the neuter gender, accusative case, is an addition.

numeral(parsing order):

1. initial form (nominative for quantitative, nominative, singular, masculine- for ordinal);
2. category by value (quantitative, ordinal);
3. category by composition (simple, complex, composite);
4. case;
5. gender and number (for ordinal and some quantitative);
6. role in the proposal.

Numeral (parsing sample):
Text: Four days have passed.
Four is a numeral, the initial form is four, quantitative, simple, in the nominative case, has no number and gender, is the subject.

Pronoun(parsing order):

1. initial form (nominative case, singular, if it changes by number and gender);
2. rank by value;
3. gender (if any);
4. case
5. number (if any);
6. role in the proposal.

Pronoun (parsing sample):
Text: Crystal raindrops dripped from it.
Nee is a pronoun, the initial form is she, personal, 3rd person, feminine, Genitive, singular, adverb of place.

Morphological analysis of the verb

1. infinitive (initial form);
2. returnable or irrevocable;
3. transitive or intransitive;
4. conjugation;
5. mood;
6. time (for the indicative mood);
7. person (for present, future tense and imperative mood);
8. gender (for past tense and conditional mood in the singular);
9. number;
10. role in the proposal.

Verb (parsing sample):
Text: They told the truth without fear of condemnation.
They said - a verb, the initial form - to say, irrevocable, intransitive, perfect form, 1st conjugation, in indicative mood, past tense, plural, is a predicate.

Participle(parsing order):

1. initial form (nominative, singular, masculine);
2. infinitive;
3. time;
4. returnable or irrevocable (for valid);
5. transitive or intransitive (for valid);
6. complete or short (for the passive);
7. gender (for the singular);
8. case;
9. number;
10. role in the proposal.

Participle (parsing sample):
Text: I look at the falling leaves and feel sad.
Falling - participle, initial form - falling, from the verb to fall, imperfect form, present tense, irrevocable, intransitive, feminine, accusative, singular, agreed definition.

gerund(parsing order):

1. the verb from which it is formed;
2. returnable or irrevocable;
3. transitive or intransitive;
4. role in the proposal.

The participle (parsing sample):

Text: When you go abroad, you are sad about home.
Leaving - a gerund, from the verb "to leave", an imperfect form, irrevocable, intransitive, a circumstance of the mode of action.

Adverb(parsing order):

1. category by value (definitive or adverbial);
2. degree of comparison (if any).

Adverb (parsing sample):
Text: The sun rose higher and the clouds dissipated.
Above is an adverb, adverbial place, is an adverb of place, comparative.

Video

Something is not clear? There is good video on the topic for adjectives:

The order of debriefing in your class may differ from what is suggested, so we advise you to check with your teacher for debriefing requirements.

Everything for study » Russian language » Morphological analysis of a word with examples and online

To bookmark a page, press Ctrl+D.

Link: https://site/russkij-yazyk/morfologicheskij-razbor-slova

There are several ways to morphologically parse participles, depending on whether the participle is considered a form of a verb or an independent part of speech.

Parsing the participle as a form of the verb, it is logical to describe all the signs related specifically to the participle as inconstant; thus, the following must be indicated in non-permanent signs: in the form of participle, present / past tense, real / passive voice, full / short form (for passive), gender, number, case (for full).

However, in all school textbooks, including those that describe the sacrament as special form verb (complex 3, previous editions of complex 1), a scheme for parsing the participle is given, corresponding to the understanding of the participle as an independent part of speech. If we consider the participle as an independent part of speech, then the real and passive participles of the present and past tense will be single words rather than forms of the same word. Thus, the reader, the reader, the reader and the reader will be recognized 4 independent words. Based on this logic, the following scheme for parsing the participle is proposed:

1. Communion. Initial form - I. p. husband. kind of unit numbers.

2. Morphological features:

a) permanent:

recurrence,

real / passive,

b) inconstant: in the form of a participle

Full / short (only for passive),

Genus (in singular),

Case (for full).

3. Syntactic role in the sentence.

It is this scheme proposed in complex 3; in complex 1, the scheme is similar, minus the sign of recurrence. In complex 2 in category permanent signs for some reason, the full / short form is also assigned.

Let us give an example of parsing the participle as a form of the verb and as an independent part of speech.

A revolving glass door with brass steamer rails pushed him into a large pink marble vestibule. An information desk was located in a grounded elevator. A laughing woman's face peeked out from there.

(I. Ilf and E. Petrov).

Parsing the participle as a form of the verb:

spinning - verb, beginning. shape to twirl;

fast. signs: non-transitional, return, NSV, II ref. (excl.);

synth. role: definition.

grounded - verb, beginning. ground form;

fast. signs: transitional, non-returning, NE, II ref.;

non-post. signs: in the form of a sacrament, suffer., past. time, full form, male kind, unit numbers, P. p.;

synth. role: definition.

laughing - verb, beginning. form of laugh;

fast. signs: non-transition, return, NSV, I ref;

non-post. signs: in the form of a participle, really, present. time, female kind, unit numbers, I. p.;

synth. role: definition.

Parsing the participle as an independent part of speech:

revolving - ch., early. shape revolving;

fast. signs: return, NSV, actual, present time;

synth. role: definition.

grounded - moreover, early. form grounded;

fast. signs: non-returning, SV, passive, past. time;

non-post. signs: in full. uniform, husband. kind, unit number, P. p.;

synth. role: definition.

laughing - prich., early. laughing shape;

fast. signs: return, NSV, valid, present. time;

non-post. signs: in wives. kind, unit number, I. p.;

synth. role: definition.